CN105937037A - Anticorrosion electrode for organic electrosynthesis - Google Patents
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- CN105937037A CN105937037A CN201610352257.2A CN201610352257A CN105937037A CN 105937037 A CN105937037 A CN 105937037A CN 201610352257 A CN201610352257 A CN 201610352257A CN 105937037 A CN105937037 A CN 105937037A
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
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- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
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Abstract
The invention discloses an anticorrosion electrode for organic electrosynthesis. The anticorrosion electrode solves the problem that existing polyaniline protective film electrodes fall off easily and are poor in electrochemical activity. A transition layer is guided on an interface of a base electrode and a conducting polymer film through chemical additives of an appropriate proportion, conducting polymer monomers are promoted to form a film on the surface of the base electrode in an electrochemical polymerization mode, the binding force of the film is improved, and therefore the conducting polymer film with the corrosion prevention performance can protect the base electrode more effectively; meanwhile, the ability to capture and react to organic matter can be improved through a lot of active groups on the surface of the electrode, the reaction path can be shortened, reaction can be carried out efficiently, the electrooxidation performance of anode materials can be improved, the productivity of obtained target products is high, the selectivity of the obtained target products is good, and the requirement of efficient organic electrosynthesis can be met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electrochemical synthesis electrode material.
Background technology
Electrochemical synthesis process owing to having that reaction is gentle, selectivity advantages of higher and favored.But synthesis time institute
The electrolyte used is often strong acid or highly basic, and these materials, also certainly will be to electrode material while increasing solution conductivity
Cause serious corrosion.Organic Electrochemical Synthesis environment is the most harsh, and the requirement for electrode material is higher.Therefore, generally adopt
Electrochemistry organic synthesis is carried out with noble metal (platinum, palladium etc.) electrode material.But, on the one hand noble metal is expensive, the opposing party
Face noble metal electrode only plays the effect of transmission electronics in electrochemical reaction, and therefore productivity and selectivity are on the low side, combined coefficient
The highest.
Aniline monomer forms polyaniline protecting film by electrochemical method at base electrode surface aggregates such as rustless steels so that
Inert electrode and common metal electrode as base electrode not only effectively improve on antiseptic property, simultaneously the leading of electrode
Electrical property is also strengthened, and therefore, polyaniline film cathode material substitution noble metal electrode material is possibly realized.
But polyaniline protecting film self enbrittles and porous, it is relatively low with the adhesion ratio of matrix in addition, so, if
It is applied in electrochemistry organic synthesis, there is the caducous problem of polyaniline protecting film, and reaction efficiency is the highest.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of electrode material, the antiseptic property of this electrode material is excellent, leading of material surface
Electric polymer film difficult drop-off, can apply in the electrochemistry organic synthesis that synthetic environment is harsh；There is good electrification simultaneously
Learn activity, organic synthesis can be made efficiently to carry out.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of Organic electro-synthesis anticorrosion electrode,
Specifically it is prepared from by following material and step:
1, it is little that the base electrode after being processed on surface puts into immersion 2-4 in the chemical modifier aqueous solution that concentration is 1-200 mg/L
Shi Hou, taking-up is dried；
Described base electrode is inert electrode or metal electrode；Described inert electrode is glass-carbon electrode or graphite electrode；Described
Metal electrode material is the one in ferrum, nickel or copper；
Described chemical modifier is the mixed of one or more in silane coupler, dopamine, 18-amine. or perfluoro octyl sulfonic acid
Compound；
2, above-mentioned base electrode is put in the electrolyte solution containing 0.1-0.5 mol/L conducting polymer monomer as sun
Pole, negative electrode uses platinum electrode, carries out cell reaction；
Described conducting polymer monomer is the one in aniline, pyrroles, thiophene.
Cell reaction method described in step 2 is the one in constant potential polymerization, cyclic voltammetry or galvanostatic method.
Be preferably increase electrode electro catalytic activity, with step 2 the electrode obtained as negative electrode, platinum electrode as anode, continue with
The aqueous solution of 0.1-1.0mg/mL precious metal salt is electrolyte, carries out cell reaction.
Described precious metal salt refers to the one of the soluble salt of gold, silver or palladium.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, the chemical addition agent of suitable proportion introduces transition zone at the interface of base electrode with conducting film, containing abundant in transition zone
Coupling group so that electrode surface reactivity strengthens, and the combination for follow-up conducting polymer and matrix provides condition, really
Protect conductive polymer membrane (the most under strongly acidic conditions) the more effectively shield electrode matrix with Corrosion Protection, promote simultaneously
Enter conducting polymer monomer by electrochemical polymerization mode in matrix (glass carbon, graphite, metal) electrode surface film forming, the combination of film
Power promotes, and electrode is played anticorrosion, protective effect by the composite conductive polymer film formed；
2, during electrochemistry organic synthesis, conducting polymer (polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene) layer can effectively protect matrix
Electrode also promotes that organic synthesis is efficiently carried out, and includes specifically: on the one hand, under harsh reaction condition (strong acid, highly basic)
Electrode matrix is shielded, utilizes the anticorrosive property of conducting polymer to be avoided that eroding slag, even wearing of base electrode
Hole；On the other hand, in using with anode material as organic synthesis, electrode surface substantial amounts of active group (hydroxyl, carboxyl, ammonia
Base etc.) can firmly adsorb, the Organic substance of physical/chemical linkage chemistry stable in properties, increase to organic capture and reaction
Ability, shortens response path, it is ensured that reaction is efficiently carried out, thus is greatly improved the electroxidation performance of anode material, it is thus achieved that target
The productivity of product is high, selectivity is good, meets the needs of efficient Organic electro-synthesis.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 a does not does the microscopic appearance of the carbon electrodes of any process.
Fig. 1 b carbon electrodes forms the thickness of polyaniline film.
Fig. 1 c cyclic voltammetry forms the pattern of polyaniline film in carbon electrodes.
Fig. 1 d idiostatic method forms the pattern of polyaniline film in carbon electrodes.
Fig. 2 is the infrared figure of conductive polymer polyanaline electrode surface film.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, it is pointed out that with
Lower embodiment is it is not intended that limiting the scope of the invention, non-according to some that the present invention is done by foregoing invention content
Improvement and the adjustment of essence still fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) base electrode surface preparation:
Use ultrasonic washing instrument to clean graphite matrix electrode surface, to remove the impurity such as unnecessary oils and fats, dust, put into afterwards
Ethanol solution (concentration is 95%) cleans, takes out and naturally dry, giving over to standby.
(2) early-stage preparations of base electrode
0.01g dopamine, 0.01g tromethane are joined in 50mL distilled water, is subsequently placed in ultrasonic washing instrument super
Sonication 10min dissolves dispersion.After being uniformly dispersed, dry after above-mentioned electrode good for pretreatment is placed in solution immersion 4h.
(3) preparation of electrolyte:
Take 25mL 0.1mol/L aniline-water solution, 25mL1.0mol/L sulfuric acid solution adds in 100mL beaker, stand for standby use.
(4) base electrode surface coating:
Under room temperature, in the electrolytic solution, prepared graphite electrode is used platinum electrode as anode, negative electrode, is energized system
Electrolysis, decomposition voltage is 1.0V, and electrolysis time is 3h.
(5) last handling process of conducting polymer membrane electrode:
The polymer membrane electrode that electrolysis is formed is placed in atmosphere and dried.
QUANTA-200 type scanning electron microscope is used to characterize, prepared membrane electrode surface topography such as Fig. 1
B, shown in (), in figure, conductive polymer membrane electrode surface has obvious pore passage structure, and distribution ratio is more uniform, relative to untreated
Graphite electrode, as shown in Fig. 1 (a), the network structure on surface can increase the surface area of electrode, and this is at base electrode table
Face forms effective anticorrosive coat, raising electrode surface area promotes that oxidation reaction is highly beneficial.
Application in Organic electro-synthesis:
At room temperature, take the salpeter solution 50mL of 0.05mol/L, add 0.001mol surfactant polyethylene, will implement
The electrode of example 1 is used as anode, and platinum electrode is negative electrode, and the best and circuit is observed curent change situation, and 0.01mol toluene is (super
Sound co-emulsifier is in electrolyte solution) add reaction system, carry out toluene oxidation synthesizing benzoic alcohol experiment.
Synthetic product is carried out component analysis, obtains the productivity of target product benzyl alcohol up to 35.8%, selectivity 60%.
Comparative example 1-1: polyaniline film cathode is used for anodic oxidation toluene synthesizing benzoic alcohol
Use electrochemical polymerization method directly to prepare polyaniline film cathode at graphite electrode surface, and be applied to anodic oxidation first
Benzene (negative electrode is platinum electrode) synthesizing benzoic alcohol, other condition of synthetic reaction (surfactant, acid solution) and embodiment 1 phase
With.The productivity obtaining target product is 8.5%, selectivity 32%, after reaction find polyaniline peeling, coming off is combined not with matrix
Good.
Comparative example 1-2: inert electrode is used for anodic oxidation toluene synthesizing benzoic alcohol
All using platinized platinum under room temperature is anode, negative electrode, other condition of synthetic reaction (surfactant, acid solution) and embodiment
1 is identical.Experiment finds, uses platinum electrode to carry out toluene oxidation synthesizing benzoic alcohol, and the productivity of benzyl alcohol is 15.8%, selectivity
55%.Electrode corrosion inconspicuous, but synthetic effect is undesirable.
Embodiment 2:
(1) base electrode surface preparation is with embodiment 1.
(2) prepared by base electrode surface depletion layer
0.001g 18-amine. is joined in 50mL distilled water, is placed in supersound process 20min in ultrasonic washing instrument and dissolves dispersion.
After being uniformly dispersed, the electrode that pretreatment is good is placed in solution immersion 2h.Taking-up is dried stand-by.
(3) prepared by electrolyte:
Take 25mL 0.2mol/L chromium solution, 50mL 1.0mol/L hydrochloric acid solution adds mix homogeneously in 100ml beaker.
(4) base electrode surface coating:
Under room temperature, in the electrolytic solution, by cyclic voltammetry at carbon pole electroplating surface polypyrrole film, wherein carbon pole is
Working electrode, platinum electrode is to electrode, and calomel electrode is reference electrode, and scanning voltage is 100-1200mv, and the circulation number of turns is 100
Circle, shown in the conductive polymer membrane electrode surface pattern such as Fig. 1 (c) formed, the loose and porous structure formed can improve electricity
The activity of pole.
(5) last handling process of conducting polymer membrane electrode:
The polymer membrane electrode that electrolysis is formed is placed in atmosphere and dried.
Application in Organic electro-synthesis:
Under room temperature, take 0.1mol/L aqueous hydrochloric acid solution 50mL, add 0.005mol dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, by the conduction of preparation
Polymer membrane electrode is used as anode, and platinum electrode is negative electrode, even good circuit.By 0.02mol toluene, (ultrasonic wave added emulsifying is to electrolyte
In solution) add reaction system, oxidative synthesis benzoquinone.
Without particle detachment in solution after reaction, electrode surface is without significant change.Obtain benzoquinone productivity and reach 43.1%, selectivity
75%。
Comparative example 2: undressed graphite electrode is used for aoxidizing toluene synthesis benzoquinone
Use undressed graphite electrode be anode, platinum electrode be that negative electrode carries out aoxidizing toluene synthesis benzoquinone experiment, synthesis is anti-
Answer other condition (surfactant, acid solution) same as in Example 2.Experiment finds, uses undressed graphite electrode
Carrying out toluene oxidation synthesis benzoquinone reaction, target product productivity is 15.8%, selectivity 55%.In reaction solution, graphite granule is serious
Coming off, after reaction, solution is substantially in black.
Embodiment 3:
(1) base electrode surface preparation is the same.
(2) prepared by base electrode surface depletion layer:
0.05g silane coupler is joined in 50mL distilled water, is placed in supersound process 10min and dissolves dispersion.Wait to be uniformly dispersed
After, the electrode handled well is placed in solution immersion 4h, taking-up is dried stand-by.
(3) prepared by electrolyte:
Take 0.5mol/L thiophene solution 30mL, 0.5mol/L sulfuric acid solution 25mL and join mix homogeneously in 100mL beaker.
(4) electrode surface plated film:
Under room temperature, in the electrolytic solution, it is negative electrode using nickel electrode as anode, employing platinum electrode, system is carried out energising electrolysis, electricity
Solution voltage is 3.0V, and electrolysis time is 2.0h, formed conducting polymer environmental microbes as shown in Figure 1 (d) shows, the table formed
Face nano-particle can improve the activity of electrode.
The polymer membrane electrode that electrolysis is formed is placed 4.0h in atmosphere, naturally dries standby.
The application in Organic electro-synthesis of the conducting polymer membrane electrode:
Under room temperature condition, the aqueous sulfuric acid 50mL using 0.1mol/L is electrolyte, adds 0.005mol cetyl front three
Base ammonium bromide is surfactant, and the conducting polymer membrane electrode of preparation is used as anode, and platinum electrode is negative electrode, by 0.05mol
Benzyl alcohol (in ultrasonic wave added emulsifying to electrolyte solution) adds reaction system, and even good circuit carries out benzyl alcohol oxidation synthesis benzene first
Aldehyde or benzoic acid.
Before and after reaction, electrode surface is without significant change, and electrode is corrosion-free, benzyl alcohol oxidation be benzaldehyde and benzoic always
Conversion ratio reaches 75%, and wherein benzaldehyde productivity is 35.4%, and benzoic acid productivity is 39.6%.
Comparative example 3: under the reaction condition identical with above-described embodiment 3, uses electrochemistry legal system at graphite electrode surface
Standby polythiophene membrane electrode, and it is applied to the anode of benzyl alcohol oxidation synthesizing benzaldehyde or benzoic acid, platinum electrode is cloudy
Pole, obtaining benzoic acid productivity is 23.4%, and benzyl alcohol productivity is 25.0%, and polythiophene is bad in graphite electrode surface adhesiveness, electricity
Synthesis rear section region surface comes off, and electrode corrosion is serious.
Embodiment 4:
(1) base electrode surface preparation and surface depletion layer preparation are the same.
(2) prepared by conducting polymer monomer solution:
Take 0.1mol/L aniline solution 15 mL, 0.1mol/L chromium solution 15 mL, 0.5mol/L sulfuric acid solution 40mL to add
Mix homogeneously in 100mL beaker.
(3) base electrode surface coating:
Under room temperature, in the electrolytic solution, being negative electrode using base electrode as anode, employing platinum electrode, energising electrolysis, decomposition voltage is
0.5V, electrolysis time is 3.0h.
(4) post processing of conducting polymer membrane electrode:
0.0167 g silver nitrate is joined in 50mL distilled water, is placed in ultrasonic middle process 10min and dissolves dispersion.Wait to be uniformly dispersed
After, with above-mentioned solution as electrolyte, polymer membrane electrode is negative electrode, and platinum electrode is anodal closure electrolysis, and wherein decomposition voltage is
1.0 V, electrolysis time 1.0 hours.
Polymer membrane electrode formed above is placed nature in atmosphere dry.
Application in electrochemistry organic synthesis:
Under room temperature, take the aqueous sodium persulfate solution 50mL of 0.5mol/L, add 0.002mol surfactant silane coupler, use
The conducting polymer membrane electrode of above-mentioned preparation is anode, and platinum electrode is negative electrode, and Oxidation of Alcohol (0.1mol) prepares acetaldehyde.
The reaction corrosion-free generation of rear electrode, without particle detachment in electrolyte solution, determines that target product productivity is 46.7%,
Selectivity 72%.
Comparative example 4: under reaction condition the same as in Example 4, it is anti-that employing platinum electrode is anode, negative electrode carries out oxidative synthesis
Should, obtain the productivity 12.5% of target product acetaldehyde, selectivity 38%.
Embodiment 5:
(1) base electrode surface preparation and surface depletion layer preparation are the same.
(2) used by base electrode prepared by conducting polymer monomer solution:
Take 25mL 0.2mol/L aniline solution, 50mL 1.0mol/L hydrochloric acid solution adds mix homogeneously in 100ml beaker.
(3) base electrode surface coating:
Under room temperature, in the electrolytic solution, electrochemical workstation forms conducting polymer by cyclic voltammetry at electrode surface
Film, wherein base electrode is as working electrode, and platinum electrode is as to electrode, and reference electrode is calomel electrode, and scanning voltage is-
It is electrolysed under 200-1000mV, circulation 50 circle.
(4) post processing of conducting polymer membrane electrode:
Joining in 50mL distilled water by 0.0405g gold chloride and 2mL perfluoro octyl sulfonic acid, ultrasonic cleaning processes 30min and dissolves
Dispersion.After being uniformly dispersed, above-mentioned solution being used as electrolyte, does negative electrode with the electrode handled well, platinum electrode is anode, to system
Energising electrolysis, decomposition voltage is 2.0V, and electrolysis time is 0.5 hour.
The polymer membrane electrode that electrolysis is formed is placed standby in atmosphere.Conductive polymer membrane is determined by infrared test
The distribution situation of surface functional group, as shown in Figure 2, it is seen that the oxidation unit (N=Q=N) of polyaniline and reduction unit (N-B-N),
This auto-dope makes electrode present higher electric conductivity, plays the anticorrosive property of polyaniline under strong acid simultaneously, is applied to high living
Property electrode material.
Application in electrochemistry organic synthesis:
Under room temperature, taking the aqueous sodium persulfate solution 50mL of 0.5mol/L, adding 0.005M Polyethylene Glycol is surfactant, will preparation
Conducting polymer membrane electrode be used as anode, platinum electrode is negative electrode, and (ultrasonic wave added emulsifying is molten to electrolyte for 0.01mol benzyl alcohol
In liquid) add reaction system, carry out oxidative synthesis benzaldehyde.
Reaction rear electrode surface particles is without coming off, and electrode no corrosion occurs, and analyzes and determines target product benzaldehyde
Productivity 39.5%, selectivity 68%.
Comparative example 5: under reaction condition same as in Example 5, synthesizes benzene with polyaniline film cathode for anodic oxidation benzyl alcohol
Formaldehyde, obtaining benzaldehyde productivity is 18.5%, selectivity 22%, and reaction rear electrode surface adhesion is poor, and Aniline Films comes off.
Embodiment 6:
(1) base electrode surface preparation is the same.
(2) prepared by base electrode surface depletion layer
0.04g dopamine, 0.025g tromethane are joined in 50mL distilled water, is placed in ultrasonic place in ultrasonic washing instrument
Reason 30min dissolves dispersion.After being uniformly dispersed, the electrode that pretreatment is good being placed in solution immersion 4.0h, taking-up is dried stand-by.
(3) preparation of electrolyte:
Take 25mL 0.3mol/L chromium solution, 50mL 1.0mol/L sodium hydroxide solution adds mix homogeneously in 100ml beaker.
(4) base electrode surface coating:
Under room temperature, in the electrolytic solution, conductive polymer membrane is generated by cyclic voltammetry scan method at metallic iron matrix surface, wherein
Metallic iron is working electrode, and platinum electrode is to electrode, and calomel electrode is reference, and scanning voltage is 100-800mV, circulates the number of turns 10
Circle.
(5) last handling process of conducting polymer membrane electrode:
By electrolysis formed polymer membrane electrode place in atmosphere dry stand-by.
Conducting polymer membrane electrode is for organic synthesis:
Take the sodium hydrate aqueous solution 50mL of 0.2mol/L under room temperature, add 0.005mol surfactant sodium dodecyl base benzenesulfonic acid
Sodium, is used as anode by the conducting polymer membrane electrode of preparation, and platinum electrode is negative electrode, by (the ultrasonic wave added emulsifying of 0.05mol n-hexyl aldehyde
To electrolyte solution) add reaction system, carry out n-hexyl aldehyde oxidative synthesis n-caproic acid.
After having reacted, without particle detachment in electrolyte solution, electrode is not corroded.Synthesis obtains n-caproic acid productivity
33.1%, selectivity 55%.
Comparative example 6: under reaction condition same as in Example 6, carries out oxidative synthesis reaction with graphite for anode, obtains target
The productivity of product is 22.5%, selectivity 32%, and electrode corrosion, to fall slag serious.
Claims (4)
1. an Organic electro-synthesis anticorrosion electrode, is specifically prepared from by following material and step:
(1) base electrode after, being processed on surface puts into immersion 2-4 in the chemical modifier aqueous solution that concentration is 1-200 mg/L
After hour, taking-up is dried；
(2), above-mentioned base electrode is put in the electrolyte solution containing 0.1-0.5 mol/L conducting polymer monomer as sun
Pole, negative electrode uses platinum electrode, carries out cell reaction；
Described base electrode is inert electrode or metal electrode；Described inert electrode is glass-carbon electrode or graphite electrode；Described
Metal electrode material is the one in ferrum, nickel or copper；
Described chemical modifier is the mixed of one or more in silane coupler, dopamine, 18-amine. or perfluoro octyl sulfonic acid
Compound；
Described conducting polymer monomer is the one in aniline, pyrroles, thiophene.
Organic electro-synthesis anticorrosion electrode the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the electrolysis described in step (2) is anti-
Induction method is the one in constant potential polymerization, cyclic voltammetry or galvanostatic method.
Organic electro-synthesis anticorrosion electrode the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: with step (2) the electrode obtained be
Negative electrode, platinum electrode are anode, continue, with the aqueous solution of 0.1-1.0mg/mL precious metal salt as electrolyte, to carry out cell reaction.
Organic electro-synthesis anticorrosion electrode the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described precious metal salt refer to gold,
The one of the soluble salt of silver or palladium.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN109023462A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2018-12-18 | 郑州大学 | A kind of method of magnesium and Mg alloy surface electropolymerization preparation poly-dopamine film layer |
| CN113716764A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2021-11-30 | 海信（山东）空调有限公司 | Material for electrochemical anode and electrochemical treatment device for air conditioner water tank |
| CN113782750A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-12-10 | 广西鑫锋环保科技有限公司 | Metal @ copolymer composite grid, preparation thereof and application thereof in lead-acid battery |
| CN114592219A (en) * | 2022-03-12 | 2022-06-07 | 东北电力大学 | Preparation method of electroplated polydopamine-nickel nano composite coating |
| CN114790560A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-07-26 | 广东工业大学 | Cathode protection coating for preparing manganese metal through electrolysis and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109023462A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2018-12-18 | 郑州大学 | A kind of method of magnesium and Mg alloy surface electropolymerization preparation poly-dopamine film layer |
| CN113716764A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2021-11-30 | 海信（山东）空调有限公司 | Material for electrochemical anode and electrochemical treatment device for air conditioner water tank |
| CN113782750A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-12-10 | 广西鑫锋环保科技有限公司 | Metal @ copolymer composite grid, preparation thereof and application thereof in lead-acid battery |
| CN114592219A (en) * | 2022-03-12 | 2022-06-07 | 东北电力大学 | Preparation method of electroplated polydopamine-nickel nano composite coating |
| CN114592219B (en) * | 2022-03-12 | 2023-10-24 | 东北电力大学 | Preparation method of electroplated polydopamine-nickel nano composite coating |
| CN114790560A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-07-26 | 广东工业大学 | Cathode protection coating for preparing manganese metal through electrolysis and preparation method thereof |
| CN114790560B (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2023-05-26 | 广东工业大学 | Cathode protective coating for preparing manganese metal by electrolysis and preparation method thereof |
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