CN105932643B - A kind of generator loss-of-excitation protection fixed value adjusting method - Google Patents
A kind of generator loss-of-excitation protection fixed value adjusting method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric generators; for synchronous capacitors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of generator loss-of-excitation protection fixed value adjusting method, including step：Impedance principle field loss protection impedance circle is mapped into P Q planes and obtains asynchronous boundary trip boundary circle and steady state stability limit trip boundary circle；Safety factor is taken to zoom in and out respectively asynchronous boundary trip boundary circle and steady state stability limit trip boundary circle, draw out two new border circles in P Q planes；One active vertical line such as parallel with Q axis is drawn according to the size of generator rated active power；According to etc. active vertical line and two new border circles crosspoint, absorb idle actual conditions from system side during with reference to loss of exicitation, it is inverse reactive criterion field loss protection against idle definite value select at crosspoint reactive power.Advantageous effect：By the way that impedance principle field loss protection trip boundary is mapped in P Q planes, the inverse idle definite value of inverse reactive criterion field loss protection is obtained, science, reliable basis are provided, inverse reactive criterion field loss protection is overcome to adjust protection definite value difficulty by engineering experience.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of generator loss-of-excitation protection fixed value adjusting methods, belong to Relay Protection Technology in Power System neck
Domain.
Background technology
There are mainly two types of principles for generator loss-of-excitation protection：Impedance principle field loss protection and inverse reactive criterion field loss protection.
Whether impedance principle field loss protection falls into impedance trip boundary as the main criterion of field loss protection using generator terminal impedance, turns
Sub- low-voltage collectively constitutes impedance principle field loss protection for assistant criteria.Impedance trip boundary can be steady state stability limit circle and it is asynchronous
One kind in border circle.When the former is generator rotor angle δ=90 °, generator terminal impedance is on impedance plane limes superiors boundary；The latter is synchronous generator
After entering asynchronous operation state after machine loss of excitation failure, the envelope of generator terminal impedance variation track on impedance plane.
Inverse reactive criterion field loss protection by detection network unit whether from system side absorb it is idle be used as main criterion, judgement
Whether loss of excitation failure is occurred.Using generator overload or overcurrent as inverse reactive criterion field loss protection assistant criteria, with master
Criterion collectively constitutes inverse reactive criterion field loss protection.
In field loss protection fixed value adjusting, impedance principle field loss protection fixed value adjusting can refer to industry directive/guide, inverse idle original
Reason field loss protection is adjusted by engineering experience.
In engineer application, impedance principle field loss protection is generally required using rotor low-voltage as assistant criteria.However,
Generator using brushless excitation system causes impedance principle field loss protection that can not use due to can not directly acquire rotor voltage
Assistant criteria increases malfunction possibility, and inverse reactive criterion field loss protection is used for such generating set suggestion.
But generator loss-of-excitation protection relates to net protection as one kind, it is right for operation of power networks stability important
Protection reliability has requirements at the higher level.It is stranded in order to which inverse reactive criterion field loss protection is overcome to adjust protection definite value by engineering experience
It is difficult, it is desirable to provide a kind of science, reliable fixed value adjusting method.
Invention content
It is a primary object of the present invention to overcome deficiency of the prior art, provide a kind of generator loss-of-excitation protection definite value
Setting method, especially suitable for the generator of brushless excitation system, by the way that impedance principle field loss protection trip boundary is mapped to
In P-Q planes, the inverse idle definite value of inverse reactive criterion field loss protection when obtaining loss of exicitation failure can be that inverse reactive criterion loses
Magnetic protection fixed value adjusting provides science, reliable basis.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of generator loss-of-excitation protection fixed value adjusting method, includes the following steps：
1) on the basis of generator rating, directive/guide is adjusted according to impedance principle field loss protection, obtains impedance principle loss of excitation
Impedance circle is protected, impedance principle field loss protection impedance circle is mapped into P-Q planes；
Wherein impedance principle field loss protection impedance circle includes asynchronous boundary impedance circle and steady state stability limit boundary impedance circle；
Asynchronous boundary impedance circle is mapped into P-Q planes and obtains asynchronous boundary trip boundary circle, asynchronous boundary trip boundary
Round inside is asynchronous boundary operating space；
Steady state stability limit boundary impedance circle is mapped into P-Q planes and obtains steady state stability limit trip boundary circle, steady state stability limit action
The outside of border circle is steady state stability limit operating space；
2) asynchronous boundary trip boundary circle and steady state stability limit trip boundary circle are zoomed in and out, takes safety factor respectively, used
Safety factor is multiplied by asynchronous boundary trip boundary circle, the radius of steady state stability limit trip boundary circle and the center of circle, draws out new both sides
Boundary's circle is in P-Q planes；
Wherein, asynchronous boundary trip boundary circle is amplified draftings, takes safety factor more than 1, draws out new asynchronous
Boundary trip boundary circle；Steady state stability limit trip boundary circle carries out diminution drafting, takes safety factor less than 1, draws out new quiet
Steady limit trip boundary circle；
3) an active vertical line P=nP such as parallel with Q axis is drawn according to the size of generator rated active powerGN,
In, P be generator generator terminal active power of output, n be active power safety factor, PGNFor generator rated active power；
4) according to etc. active vertical line P=nPGNAnd the crosspoint of two new border circles, from system side during with reference to loss of exicitation
Idle actual conditions are absorbed, select inverse idle definite value of the reactive power for inverse reactive criterion field loss protection at crosspoint；
Select the active vertical line P=nP such as new asynchronous boundary trip boundary bowlder, selectionGNSide is acted with new asynchronous boundary
The close P axis crosspoint of boundary's circle；Select the active vertical line P=nP such as new steady state stability limit trip boundary bowlder, selectionGNWith it is new quiet
The close P axis crosspoint of steady limit trip boundary circle.
The present invention is further arranged to：The operation equation of the impedance principle field loss protection impedance circle is,
Wherein, r be impedance plane resistance value, x be impedance plane reactance value, X0It is worth on reactance axis for the impedance circle center of circle, R0
For impedance radius of circle；
The asynchronous boundary impedance circle is,
Wherein, XaFor the perunit value of asynchronous impedance circle upper extreme point, XbFor asynchronous boundary impedance circle and the impedance of steady state stability limit boundary
The perunit value of round lower extreme point, X'dFor the perunit value of generator transient state reactance, XdFor the perunit value of generator synchronous reactance, UNFor
Rated voltage, SNFor the specified apparent energy of generator, naFor current transformer ratio, nvFor voltage transformer no-load voltage ratio；
Steady state stability limit boundary impedance circle is,
Wherein, XcThe perunit value of upper extreme point for steady state stability limit boundary impedance circle, XconContacting between generator and system
Reactance；
It is described that impedance principle field loss protection impedance circle is mapped into P-Q planes, specifically,
Because
Formula (4) to be brought into formula (1), the equation that can must map to P-Q planes is formula (5),
For steady state stability limit boundary impedance circle,Abbreviation formula (5) can obtain formula (6),
By X0=(Xcon-Xd)/2, R0=(Xcon+Xd)/2 are brought into formula (6), obtain the side of steady state stability limit trip boundary circle
Journey is formula (7),
For asynchronous boundary impedance circle,Abbreviation formula (5) can obtain formula (8),
By X0=(X'd/2-Xd)/2, R0=(X'd/2+Xd)/2 are brought into formula (8), obtain asynchronous boundary trip boundary circle
Equation is formula (9),
Wherein, the U in formula (4) to formula (9) is generator terminal voltage, and P is generator generator terminal active power of output, and Q is
Generator generator terminal output reactive power.
The present invention is further arranged to：Steady state stability limit trip boundary circle in the step 2) carries out diminution drafting, is taken
Safety factor is quiet steady reserve factor, and value is 10%~99%.
The present invention is further arranged to：Asynchronous boundary trip boundary circle in the step 2) is amplified drafting, is taken
Safety factor is 101%~150%.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
1st, impedance principle field loss protection and inverse reactive criterion field loss protection trip boundary mapping relations are provided；
2nd, science, reliable inverse reactive criterion field loss protection are provided against idle fixed value adjusting method, inverse idle original can be avoided
Reason field loss protection adjusts existing protection definite value difficulty by engineering experience against idle definite value.
The above is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, in order to be better understood upon the technological means of the present invention, under
With reference to attached drawing, the invention will be further described in face.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that impedance principle field loss protection impedance circle is mapped to P-Q planes by the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the inverse idle field loss protection fixed value adjusting of the present invention；
Figure number meaning in figure：1 is asynchronous boundary impedance circle, and 2 be steady state stability limit boundary impedance circle, and 3 act for asynchronous boundary
Border circle, 4 justify for steady state stability limit trip boundary, and 10 justify for new asynchronous boundary trip boundary, and 20 act for new steady state stability limit
Border circle.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification, the present invention is further illustrated.
The present invention provides a kind of generator loss-of-excitation protection fixed value adjusting method, includes the following steps：
1) on the basis of generator rating, directive/guide is adjusted according to impedance principle field loss protection, obtains impedance principle loss of excitation
Impedance circle is protected, impedance principle field loss protection impedance circle is mapped into P-Q planes；
Wherein impedance principle field loss protection impedance circle includes asynchronous boundary impedance circle and steady state stability limit boundary impedance circle；
Asynchronous boundary impedance circle is mapped into P-Q planes and obtains asynchronous boundary trip boundary circle, asynchronous boundary trip boundary
Round inside is asynchronous boundary operating space；
Steady state stability limit boundary impedance circle is mapped into P-Q planes and obtains steady state stability limit trip boundary circle, steady state stability limit action
The outside of border circle is steady state stability limit operating space.
The operation equation of the impedance principle field loss protection impedance circle is,
Wherein, r be impedance plane resistance value, x be impedance plane reactance value, X0It is worth on reactance axis for the impedance circle center of circle, R0
For impedance radius of circle；The boundary difference of asynchronous boundary impedance circle and steady state stability limit boundary impedance circle is embodied in the radius of operation equation
It is different with the center of circle.
The asynchronous boundary impedance circle is,
Wherein, XaFor the perunit value of asynchronous impedance circle upper extreme point, XbFor asynchronous boundary impedance circle and the impedance of steady state stability limit boundary
The perunit value of round lower extreme point, X'dFor the perunit value of generator transient state reactance, XdFor the perunit value of generator synchronous reactance, UNFor
Rated voltage, SNFor the specified apparent energy of generator, naFor current transformer ratio, nvFor voltage transformer no-load voltage ratio；
Steady state stability limit boundary impedance circle is,
Wherein, XcThe perunit value of upper extreme point for steady state stability limit boundary impedance circle, XconContacting between generator and system
Reactance；
It is described that impedance principle field loss protection impedance circle is mapped into P-Q planes, specifically,
Because
Formula (4) to be brought into formula (1), the equation that can must map to P-Q planes is formula (5),
For steady state stability limit boundary impedance circle,Abbreviation formula (5) can obtain formula (6),
By X0=(Xcon-Xd)/2, R0=(Xcon+Xd)/2 are brought into formula (6), obtain the side of steady state stability limit trip boundary circle
Journey is formula (7),
For asynchronous boundary impedance circle,Abbreviation formula (5) can obtain formula (8),
By X0=(X'd/2-Xd)/2, R0=(X'd/2+Xd)/2 are brought into formula (8), obtain asynchronous boundary trip boundary circle
Equation is formula (9),
Wherein, the U in formula (4) to formula (9) is generator terminal voltage, and P is generator generator terminal active power of output, and Q is
Generator generator terminal output reactive power.
As shown in Figure 1, impedance principle field loss protection impedance circle is mapped into P-Q planes, circle 1 shown in Fig. 1,2 difference of circle
Represent asynchronous boundary impedance circle and steady state stability limit boundary impedance circle, the asynchronous boundary that circle 3, circle 4 are illustrated respectively in P-Q planes moves
Make border circle and steady state stability limit trip boundary circle, wherein round 3 inside is asynchronous boundary operating space, 4 outside of circle is steady state stability limit
Operating space.Correspondence of the trip boundary on impedance plane and P-Q planes is as shown in table 1 below.
Table 1
2) fixed value adjusting is carried out, during fixed value adjusting, steady state stability limit trip boundary can be selected to justify, also may be selected asynchronous
Boundary trip boundary circle.
Asynchronous boundary trip boundary circle and steady state stability limit trip boundary circle are zoomed in and out, safety factor is taken respectively, with can
Asynchronous boundary trip boundary circle, the radius of steady state stability limit trip boundary circle and the center of circle are multiplied by by coefficient, draws out two new boundaries
Circle is in P-Q planes；
Wherein, asynchronous boundary trip boundary circle is amplified draftings, takes safety factor more than 1, it is chosen as 101%~
150%, draw out new asynchronous boundary trip boundary circle；Steady state stability limit trip boundary circle carries out diminution drafting, takes reliable system
Number is less than 1, and as quiet steady reserve factor, general value is 10%~99%, draws out new steady state stability limit trip boundary circle.
3) an active vertical line P=nP such as parallel with Q axis is drawn according to the size of generator rated active powerGN,
In, P be generator generator terminal active power of output, n be active power safety factor, PGNFor generator rated active power.
4) according to etc. active vertical line P=nPGNAnd the crosspoint of two new border circles, from system side during with reference to loss of exicitation
Idle actual conditions are absorbed, select inverse idle definite value of the reactive power for inverse reactive criterion field loss protection at crosspoint；
Select the active vertical line P=nP such as new asynchronous boundary trip boundary bowlder, selectionGNSide is acted with new asynchronous boundary
The close P axis crosspoint of boundary's circle；Select the active vertical line P=nP such as new steady state stability limit trip boundary bowlder, selectionGNWith it is new quiet
The close P axis crosspoint of steady limit trip boundary circle.As shown in Fig. 2, wait active vertical line P=nPGNExist with two new border circles
Four crosspoints, from top to bottom respectively F points, D points, E points and G points absorb idle reality during with reference to loss of exicitation from system side
Border situation, it should take D points in Fig. 2 or E points rather than F points and G points, finally take the D points in Fig. 2 or the reactive power at E points
Inverse idle definite value for inverse reactive criterion field loss protection.
Below by taking certain 1000MVA Turbo-generator Set as an example, nominal parameter is as shown in table 2 below, calculates inverse idle loss of excitation and protects
The inverse idle definite value of shield.
Table 2
(1) impedance principle field loss protection fixed value adjusting
The specified secondary reference impedance of generator：
Steady state stability limit boundary impedance circle trip boundary：
Xb=-Xd×Zg.nThe Ω of=- 261.4% × 14.83 Ω=- 38.76
Xc=Xcon×Zg.nThe Ω of=0.31 × 14.83 Ω=4.6
The impedance circle center of circle：XC=(+4.6 Ω of -38.76 Ω)/2=-17.08 Ω
Impedance radius of circle：XrThe Ω of+4.6 Ω of=17.08 Ω=21.68
(2) inverse reactive criterion field loss protection fixed value adjusting
For the equation (7) that steady state stability limit trip boundary is justified using generator rating as base value, design parameter takes perunit value：
U=1, Xcon=0.31, Xd=261.4%, numerical value is substituted into formula (7) and is converted to what steady state stability limit trip boundary under perunit value was justified
Equation：
P2+(Q-1.42)2＞ 1.802
10% quiet steady reserve factor is taken, that is, is multiplied by coefficient 0.9, the equation of steady state stability limit trip boundary circle newly can be obtained
For：
P2+(Q-1.278)2＞ 1.622
New steady state stability limit trip boundary circle meets at (0.99,0) point with P axis, with straight line P=0.9 (rated power factors
Under) intersect at (0.9, -0.069) point.
According to two sub-value of generator terminal electric current：
Calculate to obtain the secondary apparent energy of generator：
Thereby determine that inverse idle definite value：
Qg=0.069 × 686.39W=47.36W
The innovation of the invention consists in that by the way that impedance principle field loss protection trip boundary is mapped in P-Q planes, obtain
The inverse idle definite value of inverse reactive criterion field loss protection, can be inverse reactive criterion field loss protection fixed value adjusting during loss of exicitation failure
Offer science, reliable basis, so as to which inverse reactive criterion field loss protection be overcome to adjust protection definite value difficulty by engineering experience.
Basic principle, the main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technical staff of the industry should
Understand, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe the originals of the present invention
Reason, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes and improvements
It all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention is by appended claims and its equivalent circle
It is fixed.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. generator loss-of-excitation protection fixed value adjusting method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：1) on the basis of generator rating, directive/guide is adjusted according to impedance principle field loss protection, obtains impedance principle field loss protection Impedance principle field loss protection impedance circle is mapped to P-Q planes by impedance circle；Wherein impedance principle field loss protection impedance circle includes asynchronous boundary impedance circle and steady state stability limit boundary impedance circle；Asynchronous boundary impedance circle is mapped into P-Q planes and obtains asynchronous boundary trip boundary circle, asynchronous boundary trip boundary circle Inside is asynchronous boundary operating space；Steady state stability limit boundary impedance circle is mapped into P-Q planes and obtains steady state stability limit trip boundary circle, steady state stability limit trip boundary Round outside is steady state stability limit operating space；2) asynchronous boundary trip boundary circle and steady state stability limit trip boundary circle are zoomed in and out, safety factor is taken respectively, with reliable Coefficient is multiplied by asynchronous boundary trip boundary circle, the radius of steady state stability limit trip boundary circle and the center of circle, draws out two new border circles In P-Q planes；Wherein, asynchronous boundary trip boundary circle is amplified drafting, and safety factor is taken to be more than 1, draws out new asynchronous boundary Trip boundary is justified；Steady state stability limit trip boundary circle carries out diminution drafting, and safety factor is taken to be less than 1, draws out new quiet steady pole Restraint makees border circle；3) an active vertical line P=nP such as parallel with Q axis is drawn according to the size of generator rated active powerGN, wherein, P For generator generator terminal active power of output, safety factors of the n for active power, PGNFor generator rated active power；4) according to etc. active vertical line P=nPGNAnd the crosspoint of two new border circles is absorbed from system side during with reference to loss of exicitation Idle actual conditions select inverse idle definite value of the reactive power for inverse reactive criterion field loss protection at crosspoint；Select the active vertical line P=nP such as new asynchronous boundary trip boundary bowlder, selectionGNJustify with new asynchronous boundary trip boundary Close P axis crosspoint；Select the active vertical line P=nP such as new steady state stability limit trip boundary bowlder, selectionGNWith new quiet steady pole Restraint makees the close P axis crosspoint of border circle.
- 2. a kind of generator loss-of-excitation protection fixed value adjusting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The impedance is former Reason field loss protection impedance circle operation equation be,Wherein, r be impedance plane resistance value, x be impedance plane reactance value, X0It is worth on reactance axis for the impedance circle center of circle, R0For resistance Anti- radius of circle；The asynchronous boundary impedance circle is,Wherein, XaFor the perunit value of asynchronous impedance circle upper extreme point, XbFor asynchronous boundary impedance circle and steady state stability limit boundary impedance circle The perunit value of lower extreme point, X'dFor the perunit value of generator transient state reactance, XdFor the perunit value of generator synchronous reactance, UNFor power generation Machine rated voltage, SNFor the specified apparent energy of generator, naFor current transformer ratio, nvFor voltage transformer no-load voltage ratio；Steady state stability limit boundary impedance circle is,Wherein, XcThe perunit value of upper extreme point for steady state stability limit boundary impedance circle, XconReactance is contacted between generator and system；It is described that impedance principle field loss protection impedance circle is mapped into P-Q planes, specifically,BecauseFormula (4) to be brought into formula (1), the equation that can must map to P-Q planes is formula (5),For steady state stability limit boundary impedance circle,Abbreviation formula (5) can obtain formula (6),By X0=(Xcon-Xd)/2, R0=(Xcon+Xd)/2 are brought into formula (6), and the equation for obtaining steady state stability limit trip boundary circle is formula (7),For asynchronous boundary impedance circle,Abbreviation formula (5) can obtain formula (8),By X0=(X'd/2-Xd)/2, R0=(X'd/2+Xd)/2 are brought into formula (8), obtain the equation of asynchronous boundary trip boundary circle For formula (9),Wherein, the U in formula (4) to formula (9) is generator terminal voltage, and P is generator generator terminal active power of output, and Q is power generation Machine generator terminal output reactive power.
- 3. a kind of generator loss-of-excitation protection fixed value adjusting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 2) In steady state stability limit trip boundary circle carry out diminution drafting, take safety factor as quiet steady reserve factor, value is 10%~ 99%.
- 4. a kind of generator loss-of-excitation protection fixed value adjusting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 2) In asynchronous boundary trip boundary circle be amplified draftings, take safety factor be 101%~150%.
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| CN107689622B (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2019-09-03 | 安徽新力电业科技咨询有限责任公司 | The field loss protection acting characteristic curve for relating to the check of net definite value generates and check method |
| CN107658847B (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-05-31 | 国家电网公司华中分部 | The low fiting tuning method for encouraging limitation and field loss protection based on power planes |
| CN110957768A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-04-03 | 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Mapping method based method for determining maximum phase advance capacity of steam turbine generator unit |
| CN111562516B (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2023-05-23 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Power failure discriminating method, system and equipment based on sequence mutation quantity impedance |
| CN111999562B (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2023-02-24 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Method for measuring system impedance by using generator phase-in operation |
| CN113097973B (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2023-10-27 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Maximum phase advance capability-based loss of magnetic protection method and system for camera |
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