CN105931558A - Tunnel excavation unloading simulation testing device and testing method - Google Patents
Tunnel excavation unloading simulation testing device and testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105931558A CN105931558A CN201610551010.3A CN201610551010A CN105931558A CN 105931558 A CN105931558 A CN 105931558A CN 201610551010 A CN201610551010 A CN 201610551010A CN 105931558 A CN105931558 A CN 105931558A
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- bearing plate
- support bar
- sample
- unloader lever
- tunnel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B25/02—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of industrial processes; of machinery
Abstract
The invention provides a tunnel excavation unloading simulation testing device and testing method. In the tunnel excavation unloading simulation testing device, a lower bearing plate, a side bearing plate, and an upper bearing plate wrap a sample together, a prefabricated tunnel is arranged in the sample, a fixed board is laid along the outer surface of the prefabricated tunnel, a groove is arranged in the fixed board, a pressure sensor is arranged in the groove, the pressure sensor is in signal connection with a computer, one end of the support rod is hinged to one end of an unloading rod, the other end of the support rod is movably connected with the groove, the other end of the support rod is tightly attached to the pressure sensor, a loading end acts on the side bearing plate and the upper bearing plate, and the loading end is in signal connection with the computer. The tunnel excavation unloading simulation testing device can stimulate the tunnel surrounding rock excavation unloading process, generates no obvious additional disturbance to the surrounding rocks, can accurately control the unloading rate and unloading amount of the surrounding rocks, and accurately measures the related mechanic parameters during the unloading.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Underground Engineering Excavation technical field, particularly relate to a kind of roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig and test
Method.
Background technology
The excavation of underground engineering actually rock mass is released at the stress of certain one side, destroys original mechanical balance state,
Making rock mass produce new deformation, even rupture, crush, i.e. in underground engineering, the deformation failure of roadway surrounding rock is owing to entering country rock
Row off-load and cause.Therefore, the excavation off-load of roadway surrounding rock is studied probing into deformation of the surrounding rock in tunnel failure mechanism and lane further
It is significant that road surrounding rock stability controls technology.At present, be used for simulating the method for roadway excavation off-load mainly have pre-buried method and
Non-pre-buried method two class.Pre-buried method refers to, in making simulation specimen, be embedded among sample by roadway excavation device, test
During realize roadway excavation unloading model by pre-buried excavating device is carried out associative operation；Non-pre-buried method refers to making
In simulation specimen, the most pre-buried roadway excavation device, directly use manually or mechanically method to carry out excavating in fact at roadway position
Existing roadway excavation unloading model.Obviously, it is actual that non-pre-buried method the most more meets engineering, but there is obvious deficiency, as
Country rock can be caused by simulation of excavation process obvious additional disturbance, it is difficult to be specifically designed for excavation unloading effect and study.Pre-buried
Although method in form with engineering physical presence different, but relative to non-pre-buried method, there is remarkable advantage.First, pre-buried dress
Put and can reuse, reduce experimental cost.Secondly, pre-buried method is used to be simulated controlling digging process to roadway excavation
With speed.But, prior art is difficult to accurately control the process of tunnel excavation simulation off-load, it is impossible to preferably reflection is existing
Field country rock mechanical characteristics of deformation failure in unloading process.
Notification number is that the Chinese patent literature of CN103745646B discloses a kind of test dress simulating roadway excavation unloading and supporting
Putting, this device is made up of mandrel, steel ball, power transmission pipe and a pillar, and it uses pre-buried method to arrange this device, by extraction mandrel
Realize simulating roadway excavation unloading process, but cannot accurately control the unloding speed of country rock and accurately measure country rock unloading process
In stressing conditions, i.e. cannot reflect deformation of the surrounding rock in tunnel destroy and excavation off-load parameter between physical relationship.Publication No.
The Chinese patent literature of CN104833569A discloses a kind of excavation relief arrangement being applicable to geomechanical model test, for non-pre-
Burying method simulation roadway excavation off-load, sillar is mainly holed by the device such as cut drill, auger stem and is simulated by this device
Digging process, but in digging process, country rock can be caused obvious additional disturbance, it is difficult to it is specifically designed for excavation unloading effect and carries out
Research.The Chinese patent literature of Publication No. CN105277673A discloses a kind of excavation simulation Unloading Effect and causes tunnel to occur to answer
The implementation method of modification rock burst, first rock sample is made regular shape, is then bored in the positive and negative centre of inspection surface by the method
Going out round tube hole simulation tunnel, and filling coagulation post in round tube hole, opening finally by centre coagulation post being disclosed realization simulation tunnel
Dig process, but the method cannot accurately control off-load amount, also cannot measure the relevant mechanics parameter of country rock in unloading process.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig and test method, be used for simulating roadway surrounding rock
Excavation unloading process, will not cause obvious additional disturbance to country rock, it is possible to accurately control the unloding speed of country rock and off-load amount with
And accurately measure the relevant mechanics parameter of country rock in unloading process.
The present invention provides a kind of roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig, including bearing plate, sample, fixed plate, pressure sensor,
Support bar, unloader lever, loading end and computer, bearing plate includes lower bearing plate, side bearing plate and upper bearing plate, lower bearing plate,
Side bearing plate and upper bearing plate wrap up sample jointly, offer prefabricated tunnel in sample, and the outer surface along prefabricated tunnel is equipped with solid
Determining plate, fixed plate offers groove, be provided with pressure sensor in groove, pressure sensor is connected with Computer signal,
One end of strut is hinged with one end of unloader lever, and the other end of support bar is flexibly connected with groove and the other end of support bar is close to pressure
Force snesor, loading end acts on side bearing plate, upper bearing plate and loading end and is connected with Computer signal.
Further, one end of support bar is fixedly connected with hinge bar, one end of unloader lever offers and includes translot and vertical slot
T-slot, translot is vertical with the axis direction of unloader lever to the bearing of trend of both sides, the vertical slot bearing of trend to side and unloader lever
Axis direction parallel, the two ends of hinge bar are hinged with the two ends of the translot of T-slot respectively, and support bar can be along vertical slot to side
Bearing of trend rotate.
Further, vertical slot to the bearing of trend of side and unloader lever in opposite direction from one end to the other end.
Further, support bar is four, and fixed plate is four pieces, and one end of four support bars is hinged with one end of unloader lever respectively,
The other end of four support bars is flexibly connected with the groove in four pieces of fixed plates respectively.
Further, one end of unloader lever is fixedly connected with installation end, and one end of support bar is hinged with installation end.
Further, in fixed plate, centre position in fixed plate offers groove.
Further, the shape profile in prefabricated tunnel is cylindrical shape, the outer surface being shaped as tunnel prefabricated with cylindrical shape of fixed plate
The arc fitted.
Further, support bar and unloader lever are made up of high strength steel.
Further, bearing plate is made up of solid steel plate.
The present invention also provides for a kind of roadway excavation unloading model test method, applies above-mentioned roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig,
Comprise the following steps:
Step one, prepare sample, sample is offered prefabricated tunnel, it is ensured that the size in prefabricated tunnel matches with the size of fixed plate；
Step 2, the sample prepared is positioned on lower bearing plate, and the appearance of sample that side bearing plate and upper bearing plate are fitted
Face, so that lower bearing plate, side bearing plate and upper bearing plate wrap up sample jointly；
In step 3, the prefabricated tunnel that fixed plate is positioned in sample, the other end of support bar is inserted in the groove of fixed plate
To be flexibly connected with groove and the other end of support bar is close to pressure sensor, keep the axis of support bar and the axis in prefabricated tunnel
Vertically；
Step 4, computer controlled loading end offside bearing plate, upper bearing plate apply lateral stress and axial stress respectively, until
Pressure sensor monitoring to stress value reach test requirements document；
Step 5, holding lateral stress and axial stress are definite value, and the other end of drawing unloader lever makes unloader lever along the axle of unloader lever
To keeping given pace to be outwards drawn out, support bar is made gradually to tilt to reach off-load purpose, by computer real-time monitoring, note
The stress value of record pressure sensor.
Compared with prior art, the present invention roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig and test method has the characteristics that and advantage:
1, the roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig of the present invention, smart structural design, can simulate roadway surrounding rock excavation off-load
Journey, will not cause obvious additional disturbance to country rock, and the unloding speed of country rock and the off-load amount and accurately measuring of being accurately controlled is unloaded
The relevant mechanics parameter of country rock during lotus；
2, the roadway excavation unloading model test method of the present invention, will not cause country rock in simulation roadway surrounding rock excavation unloading process
Obvious additional disturbance, accurately controls the unloding speed of country rock, the axle of unloader lever by controlling the rate of axial displacement of unloader lever
Make support bar form an angle with perpendicular shape in moving process, accurately control the off-load amount of country rock, press in unloading process
Force snesor accurately measures the relevant mechanics parameter of country rock in unloading process.
After reading in conjunction with the accompanying the detailed description of the invention of the present invention, the features and advantages of the invention will become clearer from.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or prior art
In description, the required accompanying drawing used is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawing in describing below is some realities of the present invention
Execute example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, it is also possible to according to these accompanying drawings
Obtain other accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is support bar, hinge bar and the profile of unloader lever in roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is A-A profile in Fig. 2 in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is support bar, hinge bar and the top view of unloader lever in roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig in the embodiment of the present invention；
Wherein,
11, lower bearing plate, 12, side bearing plate, 13, upper bearing plate, 2, sample, 3, fixed plate, 31, groove, 41,
Support bar, 42, hinge bar, 43, unloader lever, 431, T-slot, 5, pressure sensor, 6, prefabricated tunnel, 7, signal
Cable, 8, computer.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the present embodiment provides a kind of roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig, is made up of solid steel plate
Lower bearing plate 11, side bearing plate 12 and upper bearing plate 13 wrap up sample 2 jointly, and offering shape profile in sample 2 is cylinder
The prefabricated tunnel of shape 6, the outer surface along prefabricated tunnel 6 is equipped with fixed plate 3, and be shaped as and the shape profile of fixed plate 3 are cylinder
The arc that the outer surface in the prefabricated tunnel 6 of shape fits.Certainly, the shape profile in prefabricated tunnel 6 can also be other shapes,
The tubular that cross section is rectangle in the most prefabricated tunnel 6, now, fixed plate is just that the outer surface with prefabricated tunnel 6 fits
Planar structure.Prefabricated tunnel 6 is designed as cylindrical shape be easy to test and offer prefabricated tunnel 6, also allows for arc is fixed by test
In plate 3 quick assembling extremely prefabricated tunnel 6, improve test efficiency.Groove 31, groove is offered in the centre position of fixed plate 3
Being provided with pressure sensor 5 in 31, pressure sensor 5 is connected, by high strength steel through signal cable 7 signal with computer 8
The one end of the support bar 41 made is fixedly connected with hinge bar 42, and the one end of the unloader lever 43 being made up of high strength steel is fixing even
It is connected to installation end, installation end offers the T-slot 431 including translot and vertical slot, the translot bearing of trend to both sides and off-load
The axis direction of bar 43 is vertical, and vertical slot is parallel with the axis direction of unloader lever 43 to the bearing of trend of side, and vertical slot is to side
In opposite direction from one end to the other end of bearing of trend and unloader lever 43, the two ends of hinge bar 42 respectively with the horizontal stroke of T-slot 431
The two ends of groove are hinged, and support bar 41 can rotate along the vertical slot bearing of trend to side, the other end of support bar 41 and groove 31
Being flexibly connected, the other end of support bar 41 is close to pressure sensor 5, and loading end acts on side bearing plate 12, upper bearing plate 13
And loading end is connected through signal cable 7 signal with computer 8.Above-mentioned roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig in the present embodiment,
Its support bar 41 is four, and fixed plate 3 is four pieces, and one end of four support bars 41 is respectively fixedly connected with four hinge bars 42,
Four hinge bars 42 are hinged with the installation end of one end of unloader lever 43 respectively, and the other end of four support bars 41 is solid with four pieces respectively
The groove 31 determined on plate 3 is flexibly connected.
Above-mentioned roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig in the present embodiment, computer 8 controlled loading end offside bearing plate 12 He
On the basis of upper bearing plate 13 applies stress, along " off-load " direction drawing unloader lever 43 as shown in Figure 4, unloader lever 43
Drawing driven support bar 41 and vertical plane to form angle, thus realize simulating roadway surrounding rock excavation unloading process, at above-mentioned mould
Intend country rock is not caused obvious additional disturbance by roadway surrounding rock excavation unloading process；Off-load is excavated at above-mentioned simulation roadway surrounding rock
During by control unloader lever 43 rate of axial displacement accurately control the unloding speed of country rock to realize classification off-load, off-load
Make support bar 41 form an angle with perpendicular shape during the moving axially of bar 43, make support bar act on sample 2
Stress tapers into, and makes supporting roadway surrounding rock quantification of intensities reduce, thus accurately controls the off-load amount of country rock, in above-mentioned simulation lane
In road country rock excavation unloading process, the relevant mechanics parameter of country rock in unloading process accurately measured by pressure sensor 5, and by calculating
Machine 8 is monitored in real time, record.It should be noted that the vertical slot of T-slot 431 to the bearing of trend of side and unloader lever 43 from one
Hold the direction (i.e. " off-load " direction shown in Fig. 4) to the other end contrary, so, when drawing unloader lever 43, support bar
41 can only rotate towards the direction in opposite direction with " off-load ", thus in the starting stage of simulation roadway excavation off-load, it is simple to logical
Cross fixing unloader lever 43 with fixing support bar 41, make the axis (unloader lever 43 in the axis vertical precast tunnel 6 of support bar 41
Axis)；Avoid support bar 41 to contact with unloader lever 43 when drawing unloader lever 43, make simulation roadway surrounding rock excavate off-load
Cheng Gengjia is accurate.
The present invention also provides for a kind of roadway excavation unloading model test method, applies above-mentioned roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig,
Comprise the following steps:
Step one, prepare sample 2, sample 2 is offered prefabricated tunnel 6, it is ensured that the size in prefabricated tunnel 6 and the chi of fixed plate 3
Very little match；
Step 2, the sample 2 prepared is positioned on lower bearing plate 11, and side bearing plate 12 and upper bearing plate 13 are fitted
The outer surface of sample 2, so that lower bearing plate 11, side bearing plate 12 and upper bearing plate 13 wrap up sample 2 jointly；
Step 3, fixed plate 3 is positioned in the prefabricated tunnel 6 in sample 2, the other end of support bar 41 is inserted fixed plate
To be flexibly connected with groove 31 in the groove 31 of 3, the other end of support bar 41 is close to pressure sensor 5, keeps support bar 41
Axis vertical with the axis in prefabricated tunnel 6；
Step 4, computer 8 controlled loading end offside bearing plate 12, upper bearing plate 13 apply lateral stress respectively and axially should
Power, until the stress value that pressure sensor 5 monitors reaches test requirements document；
Step 5, holding lateral stress and axial stress are definite value, and the other end of drawing unloader lever 43 makes unloader lever 43 along off-load
The given pace that axially retains of bar 43 is outwards drawn out, and makes support bar 41 gradually tilt to reach off-load purpose, passes through computer
8 stress values monitoring, recording pressure sensor 5 in real time.
After step 6, off-test, the data in computer 8 are preserved and uses.
Above-mentioned roadway excavation unloading model test method in the present embodiment, will not be to enclosing in simulation roadway surrounding rock excavation unloading process
Rock causes obvious additional disturbance, realizes classification off-load by controlling the rate of axial displacement of unloader lever 43, accurately controls country rock
Unloding speed, drive the rotation of support bar 41 during the moving axially of unloader lever 43, make support bar 41 and perpendicular shape
Form an angle, make supporting roadway surrounding rock quantification of intensities reduce, accurately control the off-load amount of country rock, facilitate look at, record and unload
Relation between lotus speed, off-load amount and failure and deformation of surrounding rocks feature.In unloading process, off-load accurately measured by pressure sensor 5
During the relevant mechanics parameter of country rock, in above-mentioned classification unloading process, record different phase lane based on pressure sensor 5
The stress value of road country rock, can analyze the variation characteristic of surrouding rock stress in unloading process.
Certainly, described above is not limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to the example above, the art
Change that technical staff is made in the essential scope of the present invention, retrofit, add or replace, also should belong to the protection of the present invention
Scope.
Claims (10)
1. a roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig, it is characterised in that: include that bearing plate, sample, fixed plate, pressure pass
Sensor, support bar, unloader lever, loading end and computer, bearing plate includes lower bearing plate, side bearing plate and upper bearing plate, under
Bearing plate, side bearing plate and upper bearing plate wrap up sample jointly, offer prefabricated tunnel in sample, along the outer surface in prefabricated tunnel
It is equipped with fixed plate, fixed plate offers groove, in groove, be provided with pressure sensor, pressure sensor and Computer signal
Connecting, one end of support bar is hinged with one end of unloader lever, and the other end of support bar is flexibly connected with groove and another of support bar
End is close to pressure sensor, and loading end acts on side bearing plate, upper bearing plate and loading end and is connected with Computer signal.
Roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: one end of support bar is fixed
Connect have hinge bar, one end of unloader lever offers the T-slot including translot and vertical slot, translot to the bearing of trend of both sides with
The axis direction of unloader lever is vertical, and vertical slot is parallel with the axis direction of unloader lever to the bearing of trend of side, and the two ends of hinge bar are divided
The most hinged with the two ends of the translot of T-slot, support bar can rotate along the vertical slot bearing of trend to side.
Roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: vertical slot is to the extension of side
In opposite direction from one end to the other end of direction and unloader lever.
4. according to the roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig described in any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that: support bar
Being four, fixed plate is four pieces, and one end of four support bars is hinged with one end of unloader lever respectively, the other end of four support bars
It is flexibly connected with the groove in four pieces of fixed plates respectively.
5. according to the roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig described in any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that: unloader lever
One end be fixedly connected with installation end, one end of support bar is hinged with installation end.
6. according to the roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig described in any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that: fixed plate
On offer groove in the centre position of fixed plate.
7. according to the roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig described in any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that: prefabricated lane
The shape profile in road is cylindrical shape, the arc that the outer surface being shaped as tunnel prefabricated with cylindrical shape of fixed plate fits.
8. according to the roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig described in any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that: support bar
It is made up of high strength steel with unloader lever.
9. according to the roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig described in any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that: bearing plate
It is made up of solid steel plate.
10. a roadway excavation unloading model test method, application roadway excavation off-load described in any one of claim 1 to 9
Simulation test device, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step one, prepare sample, sample is offered prefabricated tunnel, it is ensured that the size in prefabricated tunnel matches with the size of fixed plate；
Step 2, the sample prepared is positioned on lower bearing plate, and the appearance of sample that side bearing plate and upper bearing plate are fitted
Face, so that lower bearing plate, side bearing plate and upper bearing plate wrap up sample jointly；
In step 3, the prefabricated tunnel that fixed plate is positioned in sample, the other end of support bar is inserted in the groove of fixed plate
To be flexibly connected with groove and the other end of support bar is close to pressure sensor, keep the axis of support bar and the axis in prefabricated tunnel
Vertically；
Step 4, computer controlled loading end offside bearing plate, upper bearing plate apply lateral stress and axial stress respectively, until
Pressure sensor monitoring to stress value reach test requirements document；
Step 5, holding lateral stress and axial stress are definite value, and the other end of drawing unloader lever makes unloader lever along the axle of unloader lever
To keeping given pace to be outwards drawn out, support bar is made gradually to tilt to reach off-load purpose, by computer real-time monitoring, note
The stress value of record pressure sensor.
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| CN201610551010.3A CN105931558B (en) | 2016-07-13 | 2016-07-13 | Roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig and test method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610551010.3A CN105931558B (en) | 2016-07-13 | 2016-07-13 | Roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig and test method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN105931558A true CN105931558A (en) | 2016-09-07 |
| CN105931558B CN105931558B (en) | 2019-04-26 |
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ID=56828066
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| CN106546484A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-03-29 | 安徽理工大学 | Deep tunnel Dynamic Excavation Load Relief System and experimental technique |
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| CN107576761A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-01-12 | 成都理工大学 | Device for tunnel excavation off-load |
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| CN106546484A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-03-29 | 安徽理工大学 | Deep tunnel Dynamic Excavation Load Relief System and experimental technique |
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| CN107576761A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-01-12 | 成都理工大学 | Device for tunnel excavation off-load |
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