CN105931445B - Anti-interference wireless M-Bus short-distance meter reading control method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-interference wireless M-Bus short-distance meter reading control method, which comprises a metering module and a data concentration module, wherein the metering module comprises a data sending end application layer, a data sending end extended link layer, a data sending end link layer and a data sending end physical layer, the data concentration module comprises a data receiving end physical layer, a data receiving end link layer, a data receiving end extended link layer and a data receiving end application layer, and the method is characterized in that an SM4CBC symmetric cryptographic algorithm is respectively added on the sending end extended link layer and the receiving end extended link layer, whole frame check data is respectively added on the sending end link layer and the receiving end link layer, the sending end physical layer and the receiving end physical layer are encoded according to an exclusive or 0x5A, the length of the encoded data is kept unchanged, and the randomness of bit 0 and 1 distribution in the wireless data is increased, the invention solves the problems of the wireless M-Bus in the aspects of cryptographic operation, load efficiency, power consumption and anti-interference.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless data communication, in particular to an anti-interference wireless M-Bus short-distance meter reading control method.
Background
In civil energy metering of water, gas, heat and the like, traditional data remote transmission communication adopts a wired mode, and comprises M-Bus, RS485, PLC power carrier communication and the like. The wire transmission mode has the disadvantages of large workload of installation and wiring, difficult debugging and installation, large difficulty of later-stage fault maintenance, and easy damage of circuits caused by human or thunder and lightning.
The wireless meter reading and data transmission technology is a new technology which is rapidly developed in recent years based on a wireless communication technology, has the characteristics of real-time monitoring transmission, simplicity in installation and construction, small maintenance amount and the like, accords with the development trend of the meter reading technology, and still needs deep research on key technical problems such as reliability, power consumption, interference resistance and the like.
The current wireless meter reading mode comprises: GPRS, LoRa, SubG RF and the like, wherein RF meter reading of a SubG frequency band has a plurality of modes, and some manufacturers with technical strength are researching and popularizing own wireless meter reading modes. The EN13757 standard is the communication standard of European meter, the M-Bus related standard in EN13757 has been widely used at home and abroad, and becomes the industrial standard in the field of household wired meter reading. On the basis of M-Bus, the newly introduced EN13757-4 standard establishes a wireless M-Bus (wireless M-Bus) specification, defines S, T, C, R, N, F various wireless M-Bus modes, and can work in 868MHz, 433MHz and 169MHz sub G frequency bands.
The wireless M-Bus protocol stack can be divided into a plurality of layers of an application layer, an extended link layer, a link layer and a physical layer from top to bottom. The specific content of the wireless M-Bus message is defined by the application layer, and the data format definition borne on the application layer is the same as that of the wired M-Bus; the expanded link layer defines the contents of each field of data frames such as a control field, a communication control field, an access number and the like, and particularly defines the data encryption processing; the link layer defines a data frame format, including two frames of format A and format B, and also defines a CRC calculation mode; the physical layer mainly defines the coding format of the wireless data stream, and comprises three coding modes of '3 out of 6' coding, Manchester coding and NRZ coding.
The wireless M-Bus protocol standard is released later, and is not applied in a large scale in China, and the protocol stack has some places worth improving:
1. the encryption algorithm of the extended link layer adopts the AES algorithm formulated in the United states, and does not accord with the management regulation of the cryptographic algorithm in China.
2. The CRC block calculation of the link layer needs to be improved in algorithm efficiency and effective load.
3. Physical layer coding does not balance load efficiency and interference immunity well. The efficiency of the 3 out of 6 coding and the Manchester coding is low, the Manchester coding can only reach 50% of load efficiency, and the corresponding power consumption is also high; NRZ coding, while efficient, has poor immunity to interference for continuous 0 or 1 bit streams.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an anti-interference wireless M-Bus short-distance meter reading control method which is used for monitoring transmission in real time and has high algorithm efficiency, low power consumption performance and high anti-interference performance.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
an anti-interference wireless M-Bus short-distance meter reading control method comprises a metering module and a data concentration module, wherein the metering module comprises a data sending end application layer, a data sending end extended link layer, a data sending end link layer and a data sending end physical layer, the data concentration module comprises a data receiving end physical layer, a data receiving end link layer, a data receiving end extended link layer and a data receiving end application layer, and the method is characterized in that the frame format of the data sending end extended link layer uses whole frame data as a block to calculate CRC, only one calculation is needed, the calculation times and the length of additional CRC byte data are reduced, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the 4-bit mode subdomain in the signature domain is set to be 7, the password identification is SM4CBC password algorithm, the encryption verification domain is 0x2F bytes, 0x2F bytes are added at the tail part of the data, the completion is integral multiple of 16 bytes, the length domain sets the number of grouping blocks, the data are encrypted by adopting the CBC password algorithm, the initialization vector of the algorithm consists of 16 bytes including a 2-byte manufacturer code, a 6-byte address domain and an 8-byte sequence number domain in the data packet, the encrypted data are forwarded to a link layer, and the power consumption of wireless transmission is reduced under the condition that the data of the same application layer are in a frame format by increasing the length of a payload, so that the effect of reducing the power consumption is achieved.
The link layer of the data transmitting terminal is according to a polynomial' x16 + x13 + x12 + x11 + x10 + x8 + x6 + x5 + x2And the + 1' calculates the CRC of 2 bytes, adds the CRC at the tail of the frame, subtracts 1 from the length of the whole frame containing the CRC in the length field, and forwards the data to the physical layer to achieve the effect of integral measurement and further reduce the power consumption.
The physical layer of the data transmitting terminal encodes data according to byte XOR 0x5A, a lead code and a synchronous word 'n x (01) 0000111010' are added at the front part of a frame, n is more than or equal to 19, and a 0x55 postfix code is added at the rear part of the frame, so that the problem that continuous all-0 bytes exist in the data due to the fact that wireless M-Bus is defined by an application layer data format is solved, and for an unencrypted data mode, the randomness of bit 0 and bit 1 distribution is enhanced by the encoding method of the invention, so that the anti-interference performance of the wireless data is greatly enhanced.
The physical layer of the data receiving end is awakened by the set lead code and the set synchronous word, receives the data of the physical layer of the transmitting end, removes the suffix code 0X55 and sends the data to the link layer, so that the effects of high anti-interference performance and reduction of transmitting power consumption are further achieved.
The link layer of the data receiving end of the invention is according to a polynomial' x16 + x13 + x12 + x11 + x10 + x8 + x6 + x5 + x2And + 1' calculating CRC of 2 bytes, comparing with CRC bytes attached to the tail part of the frame, discarding data if the CRC bytes are inconsistent, passing data verification if the CRC bytes are consistent, and uploading the data to an extended link layer to further reduce the power consumption.
The receiving end extended link layer of the invention adopts SM4CBC algorithm to decrypt data, compares whether the encryption verification field is equal to 0x2F, if not equal, decrypts error and discards data, if equal, strips 0x2F bytes filled in the tail part of the data, modifies the length field into actual byte length, and sends the data to the application layer, so as to achieve the effect of further reducing power consumption.
The SM4CBC cryptographic algorithm can adopt an SM1 symmetric cryptographic algorithm or an SM6 symmetric cryptographic algorithm so as to enable the algorithm to conform to management regulations.
The length field of the invention comprises the length of 2 CRC bytes, and the maximum length of the data fields of the link layer of the sending end and the link layer of the receiving end is 243 bytes, so that the algorithm efficiency and the effective load are further improved.
The invention has the advantages of real-time monitoring transmission, high algorithm efficiency, low power consumption performance, high anti-interference performance and the like by adopting the meter reading method.
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Fig. 1 is a diagram of the communication network protocol steps of the present invention.
Reference numerals: the system comprises a metering module 1, a data concentration module 2, a sending end application layer 3, a sending end extended link layer 4, a sending end link layer 5, a sending end stack physical layer 6, a receiving end physical layer 7, a receiving end link layer 8, a receiving end extended link layer 9, a receiving end application layer 10, a water meter 11 and a concentrator 12.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
An anti-interference wireless M-Bus short-distance meter reading control method comprises a metering module and a data concentration module, wherein the metering module comprises a data sending end application layer, a data sending end extended link layer, a data sending end link layer and a data sending end physical layer, the data concentration module comprises a data receiving end physical layer, a data receiving end link layer, a data receiving end extended link layer and a data receiving end application layer, and the control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: a data sending end application layer protocol module obtains a configuration mode, combines application layer packets according to the sequence of data fields such as a length field, a control field, a manufacturer field, an address field, a control information field, a sequence number field, a state field, a signature field, an encryption verification field, flow/flow rate/time and the like, and forwards data to an extended link layer;
step 2: the data sending end extended link layer protocol module receives application layer data, the frame format of the data sending end extended link layer takes the whole frame data as a block to calculate CRC, and only one calculation is needed, so that the calculation times and the attached CRC byte data length are reduced, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the 4-bit mode subdomain in the signature domain is set to be 7, the password identification is SM4CBC password algorithm, the encryption verification domain is 0x2F bytes, 0x2F bytes are added at the tail part of the data, the completion is integral multiple of 16 bytes, the length domain sets the number of grouping blocks, the data are encrypted by adopting the CBC password algorithm, the initialization vector of the algorithm consists of 16 bytes including a 2-byte manufacturer code, a 6-byte address domain and an 8-byte sequence number domain in the data packet, the encrypted data are forwarded to a link layer, and the power consumption of wireless transmission is reduced by increasing the length of a payload under the condition that the data of the same application layer are in a frame format, so that the effect of reducing the power consumption is achieved;
and step 3: a data transmitting terminal link layer protocol module receives data of an extended link layer, and the data transmitting terminal link layer receives the data of the extended link layer according to a polynomial' x16 + x13 + x12 + x11 + x10 + x8 + x6 + x5 + x2+ 1 ", calculating 2 bytes of CRC, adding the CRC at the tail of the frame, subtracting 1 from the length of the whole frame containing CRC in the length domain, and forwarding the data to the physical layer to achieve the effect of integral measurement and further reduce the power consumption;
and 4, step 4: a physical layer protocol module of a data sending end receives data of a link layer, the physical layer of the data sending end codes the data according to byte XOR 0x5A, a lead code and a synchronous word 'n x (01) 0000111010' are added at the front part of a frame, n is not less than 19, a 0x55 postfix code is added at the rear part of the frame, and then the data is sent out through RF hardware, so that the problem that continuous all 0 bytes exist in the data due to the definition of a wireless M-Bus in an application layer data format is solved, and for an unencrypted data mode, the randomness of the distribution of bits 0 and 1 is enhanced by the coding mode of the invention, thereby greatly enhancing the anti-interference performance of the wireless data;
and 5: a data receiving end physical layer protocol module RF hardware receives wireless M-Bus data, is awakened by a set lead code and a set synchronous word, strips the head and the tail of the data, decodes the physical layer data according to byte XOR 0X5A, removes a suffix code 0X55, and sends the data to a link layer, so as to achieve the effects of high anti-interference performance and transmission power consumption reduction;
step 6: the data receiving end link layer protocol module calculates the CRC value of the data, and the checking method is according to the polynomial' x16 + x13 + x12 + x11 + x10 + x8 + x6 + x5 + x2+ 1 "calculates CRC of 2 bytes, and compares it with CRC byte attached at frame end, if it is not consistent, the data is discarded, if it is consistent, the data is passed through verification, the length field is the length after CRC byte is removed, the data is sent to extended link layer to reach further purposeThe effect of reducing power consumption;
and 7: the data receiving terminal expanded link layer protocol module decrypts data by adopting SM4CBC algorithm, compares whether the encryption verification field is equal to 0x2F, if not equal, decrypts error and discards the data, if equal, strips 0x2F bytes filled at the tail of the data, modifies the length field into actual byte length, and sends the data to the application layer to further reduce power consumption;
and 8: and the data receiving end application layer protocol module analyzes the data format of the application layer, acquires the metering data and stores the metering data.
In the invention, the data encryption algorithm of the link layer is modified from an AES symmetric cryptographic algorithm into a domestic cryptographic algorithm, and SM1, SM4 and SM6 symmetric cryptographic algorithms can be adopted, thereby conforming to the management regulation of the cryptographic algorithms in China.
The SM4CBC cryptographic algorithm can adopt an SM1 symmetric cryptographic algorithm or an SM6 symmetric cryptographic algorithm so as to enable the algorithm to conform to management regulations.
The length field of the invention comprises the length of 2 CRC bytes, and the maximum length of the data fields of the link layer of the sending end and the link layer of the receiving end is 243 bytes, so that the algorithm efficiency and the effective load are further improved.
As shown in fig. 1, the implementation example takes two wireless M-Bus devices in the meter reading field as an example, where a water meter 11 is used as a metering module 1, a concentrator 12 is used as a data concentration module 2, and the water meter and the concentrator communicate in a T1 mode, that is, the water meter on 868MHz frequency band unidirectionally sends meter reading data to the concentrator; the meter reading method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the metering module 1 of the wireless M-Bus water meter 11 collects flow data, calculates, stores and displays the flow data;
step 2: every 1 minute, the wireless M-Bus water meter 11 collects the metering information and sends the metering information to the sending end application layer 3 in the metering module 1;
and step 3: the sending end application layer 3 of the water meter 11 combines application layer packets according to the sequence of data fields such as length field, control field, manufacturer field, address field, control information field, sequence number field, state field, signature field, encryption verification field, flow/flow rate/time, and the like, as shown in the following table, the following data bytes are all 16 systems:
forwarding the data to a transmitting end extended link layer 4;
and 4, step 4: the password identification in the signature modification domain of the sending end expanded link layer 4 of the water meter is 0x07 SM4CBC password algorithm, the modification encryption verification domain is 0x2F bytes, 0x2F bytes are added at the tail part of the data, the completion is integral multiple of 16 bytes, the length domain is modified, the number of grouping blocks is set, and the modified complete data frame is as follows: 2e 448 f 411001152001077 a 000820072 f2f 0c 14000000000 c 3b 00000000046 d 0d 8d 162602 fd 1700002 f2f2f2f2f2f 2 f. The SM4CBC algorithm is adopted to encrypt data, an initialization vector of the algorithm consists of 16 bytes including a 2-byte manufacturer code, a 6-byte address field and an 8-byte sequence number field in a data packet, and an encrypted data frame is as follows: 2e 448 f 411001152001077 a 000820072 b b 1e 1492 f 07 c5 fb 4397549 f 72 c 370 cf 9d bb ef 7004 e6 bb 3a b 13 e 415 d af 8f af 8a, forwarding the encrypted data to the transmitting side link layer 5;
and 5: the sending end link layer 5 of the water meter firstly adds 2 to the length field, namely the length of the CRC, then calculates the CRC of 2 bytes according to the polynomial "x 16 + x13 + x12 + x11 + x10 + x8 + x6 + x5 + x2 + 1", and adds the CRC to the tail of the frame, and the modified data frame is: 30448 f 411001152001077 a 000820072 b b 1e 1492 f 07 c5 fb 4397549 f 72 c 370 cf 9d bb ef 7004 e6 bb 3a b 13 e 415 d af 8f af 8a 0e 02, forwarding the data to the sender physical layer;
step 6: the sending end physical layer 6 of the water meter encodes data according to byte exclusive or 0x5A, a lead code and a synchronous word 'n x (01) 0000111010' are added to the front part of the frame, n is more than or equal to 19, and a 0x55 postfix code is added to the rear part of the frame. The data frame is modified as follows: 5555543 d 6a 1e d 51 b 4a 5b 4f 7a 5b 5d 205 a 527 a 5d 71 eb bb 13755 d 9f a 119 cd 0e c 528992 a 95 c7 e 1b 52 a 5e bc 160 eb 641 b 07 f 5d 5 f 5d 0545855;
and 7: a sending end stack physical layer 6 of the water meter transmits data flow to a receiving end physical layer 7 of the concentrator through RF wireless drive;
and 8: the receiving end physical layer 7 of the concentrator is awakened by the set lead code and the set synchronous word, receives the data of the receiving end physical layer 7, removes the postfix code, and the data frame is as follows: 30448 f 411001152001077 a 000820072 b b 1e 1492 f 07 c5 fb 4397549 f 72 c 370 cf 9d bb ef 7004 e6 bb 3a b 13 e 415 d af 8f af 8a 0e 02, which sends the data up to the receiving end link layer 8;
and step 9: concentrator receiver link layer 8 follows polynomial "x16 + x13 + x12 + x11 + x10 + x8 + x6+ x5 + x2+ 1 "calculates 2 bytes of CRC, and compares with the CRC byte attached to the end of the frame, if not, the data is discarded, if the data is consistent, the data is verified, the modified length field is the length after removing the CRC byte, the data frame is: 2e 448 f 411001152001077 a 000820072 b b 1e 1492 f 07 c5 fb 4397549 f 72 c 370 cf 9d bb ef 7004 e6 bb 3a b 13 e 415 d af 8f af 8a, and data is sent to the receiving-side expansion link layer 9;
step 10: the receiving end extended link layer 9 of the concentrator decrypts data by adopting SM4CBC algorithm, and compares whether the encryption verification field is equal to 0x2F, if not equal, the decryption error discards data, if equal, the 0x2F bytes filled in the tail part of the data are stripped, the modified length field is actual byte length, and the data frame is: 27448 f 411001152001077 a 0008200700000 c 14000000000 c 3b 00000000046 d 0d 8d 162602 fd 170000, and data is uploaded to the application layer 10;
step 11: the receiving end application layer 10 of the concentrator analyzes the actual metering data and transmits the metering data to the metering processing module of the concentrator;
step 12: and the concentrator metering processing module stores the metering data to a local storage area, uploads the metering data to an internet server through a network, and performs centralized analysis and management.
The frame format of the transmitting end expanded link layer and the receiving end link layer is modified into that the whole frame data is used as a block to calculate CRC, and only one calculation is needed, so that the calculation times and the length of the attached CRC byte data are reduced, the length of the effective load is obviously increased, and the power consumption of wireless transmission is reduced under the condition of the same application layer data.
The coding mode of the sending end physical layer and the receiving end physical layer adopts exclusive or 0x5A according to bytes, the coding efficiency is higher than the 3 out of 6 coding and the Manchester coding in the original protocol, the coding efficiency is equivalent to the NRZ coding efficiency in the original protocol, the length after coding cannot be increased, the wireless transmission power consumption is reduced, continuous all 0 bytes often exist in data due to the definition of a wireless M-Bus application layer data format, and for an unencrypted data mode, the randomness of the distribution of bit 0 and bit 1 is enhanced, so that the anti-interference performance of wireless data is greatly enhanced.
In conclusion, the invention effectively solves the problems of the wireless M-Bus in cryptographic operation, load efficiency, power consumption and anti-interference performance, and has the advantages of real-time monitoring transmission, high algorithm efficiency, low power consumption performance, high anti-interference performance and the like.
Claims (1)
1. An anti-interference wireless M-Bus short-distance meter reading control method comprises a metering module and a data concentration module, wherein the metering module comprises a data sending end application layer, a data sending end extended link layer, a data sending end link layer and a data sending end physical layer, the data concentration module comprises a data receiving end physical layer, a data receiving end link layer, a data receiving end extended link layer and a data receiving end application layer, and the control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: a data sending end application layer protocol module acquires a configuration mode, combines application layer packets according to the sequence of a length domain, a control domain, a manufacturer domain, an address domain, a control information domain, a sequence number domain, a state domain, a signature domain, an encryption verification domain and a flow/flow rate/time data domain, and forwards data to an extended link layer;
step 2: the data sending end extended link layer protocol module receives application layer data, the frame format of the data sending end extended link layer takes the whole frame data as a block to calculate CRC, and only one calculation is needed, so that the calculation times and the attached CRC byte data length are reduced, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the password identification in the data sending terminal expanded link layer modified signature domain is 0x07 SM4CBC password algorithm, the modified encryption verification domain is 0x2F, 0x2F is added at the tail of the data, the data is supplemented to be integral multiple of 16 bytes, the length domain is modified, the number of grouping blocks is set, the SM4CBC password algorithm is adopted to encrypt the data, the initialization vector of the algorithm consists of 16 bytes including 2-byte manufacturer codes, 6-byte address domain and 8-byte sequence number domain in the data packet, and the encrypted data are forwarded to the link layer;
and step 3: a data transmitting terminal link layer protocol module receives data of an extended link layer, and the data transmitting terminal link layer receives the data of the extended link layer according to a polynomial' x16 + x13 + x12 + x11 + x10 + x8 + x6 + x5 + x2+ 1 ", calculating 2 bytes of CRC, adding the CRC at the tail of the frame, subtracting 1 from the length of the whole frame containing CRC in the length field, and forwarding the data to the physical layer;
and 4, step 4: a data transmitting terminal physical layer protocol module receives link layer data, the data transmitting terminal physical layer encodes the data according to byte XOR 0x5A, a lead code and a synchronous word 'n x (01) 0000111010' are added at the front part of a frame, n is not less than 19, a 0x55 suffix code is added at the rear part of the frame, and then the data is transmitted through RF hardware;
and 5: a data receiving end physical layer protocol module RF hardware receives wireless M-Bus data, is awakened by a set lead code and a set synchronous word, strips the head and the tail of the data, decodes the data of the physical layer according to byte XOR 0x5A, and sends the data to a link layer;
step 6: the data receiving end link layer protocol module calculates the CRC value of the data, and the checking method is according to the polynomial' x16+ x13 + x12 + x11 + x10 + x8 + x6 + x5 + x2+ 1 "calculates CRC of 2 bytes, compares it with CRC byte attached at frame end, discards data if it is not consistent, passes data verification if it is consistent, length field is length after CRC byte is removed, and uploads data to expansionA link layer;
and 7: the data receiving terminal extended link layer protocol module decrypts data by adopting SM4CBC algorithm, compares whether the encryption verification field is equal to 0x2F, if not equal, decrypts error and discards data, if equal, strips 0x2F filled at the tail of the data, modifies the length field to actual byte length, and sends the data to the application layer;
and 8: the data receiving end application layer protocol module analyzes the data format of the application layer, acquires and stores the metering data,
the length field comprises the length of 2 CRC bytes, and the maximum length of the data fields of the link layer of the sending end and the link layer of the receiving end is 243 bytes.
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