CN105930805B - ArcGIS-based basic grassland type judgment method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a basic grassland type judgment method based on ArcGIS, which is characterized in that the type of a grassland is defined by utilizing a model builder in the ArcGIS and combining with a grassland type division standard, so that the batch processing of the definition of the type of the grassland is realized; the method comprises the following steps: generating a triangulation network by utilizing elevation data and combining with the investigation range, and establishing a digital elevation model according to the triangulation network; dividing the type of the grassland and the type of the transition zone grassland by using an ArcGIS establishing model; and (4) judging the degree of the pattern spots in the image by combining high-definition images on a computer, and distinguishing the bush and the shrub. The method and the device have the advantages that the type of the grassland is defined by combining the model builder with the existing grassland type division standard in the arcgis, and the method and the device can be suitable for the definition of the type of the grassland in each county and district, so that the batch processing of the definition of the type of the grassland is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of data processing, and particularly relates to a basic grassland type judgment method based on ArcGIS.
Background
Data (Data) is a representation of facts, concepts or instructions that can be processed by either manual or automated means. After the data is interpreted and given a certain meaning, it becomes information. Data processing (data processing) is the collection, storage, retrieval, processing, transformation, and transmission of data. The basic purpose of data processing is to extract and derive valuable, meaningful data for certain people from large, possibly chaotic, unintelligible amounts of data. Data processing is the basic link of system engineering and automatic control. Data processing is throughout various fields of social production and social life. The development of data processing technology and the breadth and depth of its application have greatly influenced the progress of human society development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a basic grassland type judging method based on ArcGIS, which aims to demarcate the type of a grassland by utilizing a model builder in ArcGIS and combining the existing grassland type demarcation standard, is suitable for the demarcation of the type of the grassland in each county area and realizes the batch processing of the demarcation of the type of the grassland.
The method for judging the type of the basic grassland based on the ArcGIS is realized by using a model builder in the ArcGIS and combining a grassland type division standard to divide the type of the grassland, so that batch processing of the division of the type of the grassland is realized.
Further, the method for judging the basic grassland type of the ArcGIS comprises the following steps:
generating a triangulation network by utilizing elevation data and combining with a survey range, and establishing a digital elevation model according to the triangulation network;
step two, dividing the type of the grassland and the type of the transition zone grassland by using an ArcGIS establishing model;
and step three, judging the degree of canopy of the pattern spots by combining high-definition images on a computer, and distinguishing the bush and the shrub.
Further, the generating a triangulation network by using the elevation data in combination with the survey range, and establishing the digital elevation model according to the triangulation network specifically includes:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, generating a TIN irregular triangular network, loading contour lines and administrative area data, defining the use mode of layer data, and setting the name and the storage path of the TIN;
establishing raster data of a digital elevation model, setting the name of the raster data, the parameters of a storage path and a sampling distance by using a TIN grid-to-grid tool, and establishing the raster data;
and thirdly, newly building a model, dividing the yin-yang slope according to the slope direction, adding a calculation field into a model builder, selecting according to the division standard of the yin-yang slope, setting parameters, operating the model, and storing the model, wherein the stored model is suitable for the division of the yin-yang slope of each county or region.
Further, the dividing the type of the grassland by using the ArcGIS establishing model specifically comprises: and adding the fields selected and calculated according to the attributes into a model builder, setting each tool parameter, operating the model, and storing the model, wherein the stored model is suitable for the type division of the grassland in each county or district.
Further, the dividing the transition zone grassland types specifically includes:
adding a tool selected according to attributes and a field calculation tool into a model builder, setting parameters of each tool, operating a model, and storing the model, wherein the stored model is applicable to the type division of transition zone grassland in each county or district;
and secondly, selecting and calculating by referring to a transition zone grassland type division table.
The ArcGIS-based basic grassland type judgment method provided by the invention is used for delimiting the grassland type by utilizing the model builder in the ArcGIS and combining the existing grassland type division standard, is suitable for the grassland type division of each county and district, and realizes the batch processing of the grassland type division.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a basic grassland type determination method based on ArcGIS according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The following detailed description of the principles of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for determining a basic grassland type based on ArcGIS according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s101: generating a triangulation network by utilizing elevation data and combining with the investigation range, and establishing a digital elevation model DEM according to the triangulation network;
s102: dividing the type of the grassland by using an ArcGIS establishing model;
s103: dividing the transition zone grassland types by using an ArcGIS establishing model;
s104: and (4) judging the degree of the pattern spots in the image by combining a high-definition image on a computer, thereby distinguishing the 'grass mat' from the 'shrub mat'.
In step S101, a digital elevation model DEM is established according to a triangulation network model builder.
Step S101 specifically includes:
1. generating TIN irregular triangulation network
Open ArcMap, load contour and administrative area Data, find ArcToolbox, execute command 3D address Tools-Data Management-TIN (TIN Management) -Create TIN. And after opening a TIN tool, defining the use mode of the layer data in a dialog box, setting the name and the storage path of the TIN, and generating the TIN irregular triangular network.
2. Establishing digital elevation model DEM (raster data)
In the ArcToolbox, the command 3D analysis Tools (3D analysis tool) -Conversion-From TIN (out of TIN) -TIN to ramp (TIN go-grid) is executed. And after opening the TIN grid-to-grid tool, setting the name of the DEM, the parameters of the storage path and the sampling distance, and creating DEM data.
3. Newly building a model, and dividing yin-yang slopes according to slope direction
(1) ArcMap is opened and the selected layer By Attribute and Fields, called calculation Fields, under the commands of layer and Table Views in the data management Tools in the ArcToolbox are added to the model builder in the ArcToolbox. And selecting according to the division standard of the yin-yang slope, setting parameters, operating the model, and storing the model, wherein the stored model is suitable for the division of the yin-yang slope of each county (region).
(2) Setting parameters: taking the parameter of the sunny slope value as an example, other division parameters refer to a sunny slope classification table for selection and calculation.
Yin-yang slope classification chart
The model builder for building the digital elevation model DEM comprises the following steps: is an application used to create, edit and manage models. A model is a workflow that concatenates a series of geographic processing tools, with the output of one tool as the input to another; the model builder may also be viewed as a visual programming language for building workflows.
In step S102, the dividing the type of the grassland using the ArcGIS modeling model includes:
(1) and adding a tool selected according to the attribute and a field calculation tool into a model builder, setting parameters of each tool, operating the model, and storing the model, wherein the stored model is suitable for the grassland type division of each county (district).
(2) Setting parameters: taking the parameter of the warm grass as an example, the parameter settings of other grassland types are selected and calculated by referring to the basic characteristics of the grassland types.
Basic characteristics of Yunnan province grassland type
In step S103, transition zone grassland types are divided
(1) And adding a tool selected according to the attribute and a field calculation tool into a model builder, setting parameters of each tool, operating the model, and storing the model, wherein the stored model is suitable for the transition zone grassland type division of each county (district).
(2) Setting parameters: taking the parameters of the mountain meadow as an example, the parameter settings of other transition zone steppe types are selected and calculated by referring to a transition zone steppe type division table.
Transition zone grassland type division table
| Type of grassland | Altitude (m) | Slope of yin and yang |
| Heat property | 1500-2300 | Sunny slope and semi-sunny slope |
| Warmth property | 1500-2300 | Negative slope, semi-negative slope |
| Warmth property | 2300-2800 | Sunny slope and semi-sunny slope |
| Mountain meadow | 2300-2800 | Negative slope, semi-negative slope |
In step S104, the "grass" and the "bush" are distinguished in combination with the image "
Degree of occlusion: the ratio of the total projection area (crown width) of the crown of the arbor on the ground in the direct sunlight to the total area of the forest land (forest stand) in the forest reflects the density of the forest stand. In general, the canopy density is 20 or less, and the shrub group is 20 or more.
After the warm and hot grassland types are divided, the two types need to be distinguished, and the method mainly comprises the step of judging the degree of closure of the pattern spots by combining high-definition images on a computer, so that the 'grass' and the 'grass bush' are distinguished.
The effects of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Grassland type division results (taking the county of Lijiang City Langdang of Yunnan province as an example)
1. Climatic conditions
The low latitude plateau region where the Qinghai-Tibet plateau in Ning Langdang county transits to the Yunobu plateau belongs to the warm and warm season climate, has the characteristic of the mountain season climate, has clear dry and wet seasons, and has obvious three-dimensional climate due to the influence of the plateau and the topography of the high mountain canyon. The rainfall in dry season accounts for 11% of the rainfall in all years, the rainfall in rainy season accounts for 89% of the rainfall in all years, and the annual average rainfall is 920 mm. The temperature difference is not clear in four seasons, the average temperature in winter and summer is 10.4 ℃, 18.6 ℃ in spring, 16.2 ℃ in autumn, 5.7 ℃ in winter and 12.7 ℃ in year.
2. Grassland distribution characteristics
According to the analysis of the altitude condition of the grassland, the grassland in the county of Ning Langdang is distributed in seven areas of 1000-. Wherein the grassland area with the elevation in the area of 1000-1500 m is 5832.16 mu, which accounts for 0.16 percent of the area of the available grassland in the county; the grassland area with the elevation of 1500-2000 m is 180512.98 mu, which accounts for 5.07 percent of the area of the available grassland in the county; the grassland area with the elevation of 2000-2500 m is 758084.42 mu, which accounts for 21.31 percent of the area of the available grassland in the county; the grassland area at the elevation of 2500-3000 m is 1816451.76 mu, which accounts for 51.07% of the available grassland area in the county; the grassland area at the elevation of 3000-3500 m area is 703864.76 mu, which accounts for 19.79% of the area of the available grassland in the county; the grassland area at the altitude of 3500-4000-meter area is 91232.37 mu, which accounts for 2.56% of the area of the available grassland in the county; the grassland area at the altitude of 4000-4500 m is 1021.55 mu, which accounts for 0.04% of the area of the available grassland in the county.
3. Grassland type division results
According to the type of the grassland, the Ning Langdang county grassland is divided into seven types of warm bush, hot bush, dry-hot thin tree bush, mountain meadow and high-cold meadow.
The warm grassland area is 219637.8 mu, accounts for 6.17% of the area of the full-county available grassland, and is mainly distributed in the area with the altitude of 2000-2800 m, the average annual temperature of less than 12 ℃, the annual rainfall of 500-1000 mm and the wettability of 0.6-1.0. The plants mainly growing in the area comprise shrub layers, grass-wood layers, white bond stalks, panicle cudweed, setose hyptis herb, cogongrass rhizome and the like. The plants mainly growing in the area comprise shrub layers, grass-wood layers, white bond stalks, panicle cudweed, setose hyptis herb, cogongrass rhizome and the like.
The area of the warm shrub and grassland is 1373972.75 mu, accounts for 38.63% of the area of the available grassland in the whole county, and is mainly distributed in the area with the elevation of 2000-2800 m, the average annual temperature of less than 12 ℃, the annual rainfall of 500-1000 mm and the wettability of 0.6-1.0. The main plants growing in this area are white-bond straw, sage, cogongrass, paspalum, etc.
The area of the thermal grassland is 29462.47 mu, which accounts for 0.83% of the area of the full-county available grassland, and the thermal grassland is mainly distributed in the area with the altitude of less than 2000 m, the annual average temperature of more than 14 ℃, the annual rainfall of 800-1500 mm and the wettability of more than 1.0. The main plants growing in the area include tall trees, secondary tree species, shrubs in grass groups, cogongrass, setaria sinica, festuca arundinacea and the like.
The area of the thermal shrub is 169736 mu, which accounts for 4.77% of the area of the available grassland in the whole county, and the thermal shrub is mainly distributed in the area with the altitude of more than 2000 m, the annual average temperature of more than 14 ℃, the annual rainfall of 800-1500 mm and the wettability of more than 1.0. The main plants in the area are cogongrass, cudweed, miscanthus, eclipta and the like.
The area of the dry and hot thin tree shrub and grassland is 157805.2 mu, accounts for 4.44% of the area of the available grassland in the whole county, and is mainly distributed in the area with the elevation of 2000-3800 m, the average annual temperature of more than 10 ℃, the annual rainfall of more than 850 mm and the wettability of more than 1.0. The plants mainly growing in the area comprise festuca arundinacea, reed rhizome, Chinese alpine rush and the like.
The area of the mountain meadow is 1597620 mu, accounts for 44.91% of the area of the grassland available in the county, and is mainly distributed in the area with the altitude of 2000-3800 m, the annual average air temperature of more than 10 ℃, the annual rainfall of more than 850 mm and the wettability of more than 1.0. The plants mainly growing in the area include Potentilla, Laggera, Yellopilia, Artemisia, Ranunculus, teff, Rumex, etc.
The alpine meadow has an area of 8765.78 mu, which accounts for 0.25% of the area of the grassland available in the county, and the plants mainly growing in the alpine meadow are artemisia, sedum, saxifrage, gentian, artemisia and the like.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The basic grassland type judgment method based on the ArcGIS is characterized in that the basic grassland type judgment method based on the ArcGIS is used for demarcating the type of the grassland by utilizing a model builder in the ArcGIS and combining with a grassland type demarcation standard, so that the demarcated type of the grassland is subjected to batch processing;
the method for judging the basic grassland type of the ArcGIS comprises the following steps:
generating a triangulation network by utilizing elevation data and combining with a survey range, and establishing a digital elevation model according to the triangulation network;
step two, dividing the type of the grassland and the type of the transition zone grassland by using an ArcGIS establishing model;
thirdly, judging the degree of closure of the pattern spots by combining high-definition images on a computer, and distinguishing the bush and the shrub;
the step of generating a triangulation network by using the elevation data and combining the investigation range, and then establishing a digital elevation model according to the triangulation network specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, generating a TIN irregular triangular network, loading contour lines and administrative area data, defining the use mode of layer data, and setting the name and the storage path of the TIN;
establishing raster data of a digital elevation model, setting the name of the raster data, the parameters of a storage path and a sampling distance by using a TIN grid-to-grid tool, and establishing the raster data;
and thirdly, newly building a model, dividing the yin-yang slope according to the slope direction, adding a calculation field into a model builder, selecting according to the division standard of the yin-yang slope, setting parameters, operating the model, and storing the model, wherein the stored model is suitable for the division of the yin-yang slope of each county or region.
2. The ArcGIS-based basic grassland type judgment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dividing of the grassland type using the ArcGIS building model specifically comprises: and adding the fields selected and calculated according to the attributes into a model builder, setting each tool parameter, operating the model, and storing the model, wherein the stored model is suitable for the type division of the grassland in each county or district.
3. The ArcGIS-based basic grassland type judgment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dividing of the transition zone grassland type specifically comprises:
adding a tool selected according to attributes and a field calculation tool into a model builder, setting parameters of each tool, operating a model, and storing the model, wherein the stored model is applicable to the type division of transition zone grassland in each county or district;
and secondly, selecting and calculating by referring to a transition zone grassland type division table.
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