CN105929136B - Hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment method under shear stress state - Google Patents
Hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment method under shear stress state Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment methods under a kind of shear stress state, including early-stage preparations, preparing experiment, apply normal stress, apply shear stress, hydraulic fracturing, profile scanning, it is same to organize other experiments, it arranges, analysis experimental data and etc., pressure and shearing force are applied to test specimen using the test box of built-in shear box, it is carried out at the same time hydraulic fracturing, so as to provide hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment method under a kind of shear stress state, convenient for the depth of investigation, influence of the parameters such as shear stress and hydraulic pressure to variety classes rock hydraulic fracturing, be conducive to study the propagation law in hydraulic fracturing crack to a deeper level.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydraulic fracturing research field, in particular, hydraulic fracturing under more particularly to a kind of shear stress state
Simulation experiment method.
Background technology
At present, with the development of society, the mineral resources under more and more complex geological conditions are detected exploitation, due to ground
Matter condition is extremely complex, and the mechanics problem during exploitation of mineral resources is carried for reasonably selecting recovery method and its structural parameters
High mining rate, Rational Utilization of Mineral Resources ensure safety of workers operation and the final exploitation economic benefit for improving mineral products all
It is particularly important.Due to the complexity of geological conditions, Computer Numerical Simulation can not complete and accurate reflection actual conditions
The influence of parameters in recovery process.Therefore, the influence of parameters is studied using analog simulation experiment mostly at present, just
In the true physical entity in utilization scene, more true and accurate simulation mineral products state.
One of core technology of existing shale gas exploitation is to carry out fracturing reform to reservoir, that is, passes through horizontal well combination waterpower
Reservoir is transformed in fracturing technique, to link up intrinsic fracture, and then generates fracture network, then be supported with proppant fracture, from
And realize artificial increase Reservoir Seepage channel.Therefore, verify and grasp crack initiation condition, the Extending Law of shale hydraulically created fracture
And influence factor, to hydraulic fracturing process design, stimulation technology research, gas recovery ratio etc. is even improved all to pass weight
It will.
At present, the indoor hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment carried out for shale reservoir feature, it may be determined that shale is pressed
Fragility, fracture pressure and fracturing effect etc..However, there is no for shale air water power fracture simulation under shear stress state at present
Research.
Invention content
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment method under a kind of shear stress state,
For studying influence of the parameters to hydraulic fracturing under shear stress state.
Technical scheme is as follows：Hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment method under a kind of shear stress state, including following step
Suddenly,
Step 1: early-stage preparations, pillared test specimen is processed, and open up installation at test piece upper part center by rock mass sample
Hole；
Step 2: preparing experiment, test box is put by test specimen,
The test box includes upper cartridge body, lower box body and shear box, and the upper cartridge body and lower box body surround the box-like of sealing,
The shear box includes upper left shell, upper right shell, lower-left shell and bottom right shell, and the upper left shell and upper right shell are located in upper cartridge body,
The right and left of the upper cartridge body is equipped with the locating rod arranged in left-right direction, and the upper left shell hangs over corresponding with upper right shell
On the inner end of locating rod, also, under the action of the right and left locating rod, upper left shell and upper right shell are by the upper pinch of test specimen；
The lower-left shell and bottom right shell are located in lower box body, and the lower-left shell and bottom right shell are located under upper left shell and upper right shell respectively
Side, there are the first gaps between the upper left shell and lower-left shell, and there are the second gaps between the upper right shell and bottom right shell；
Be provided with left hole road and right hole road in the test box lower box body, the inner orifice in the left hole road and right hole road respectively with the first seam
The outer aperture in gap and the second gap area, the left hole road and right hole road penetrates through the outer wall of test box；
Compression bar is fitted on the upper cartridge body, is fixedly connected in the lower end of compression bar between upper left shell and upper right shell
Pressure head, the bottom surface of the pressure head and the top surface of test specimen offset, and connector is also fixedly connected in the lower end of the pressure head, described to connect
Head is stretched into the mounting hole of test specimen, and with bonding agent by connector outer wall and inner wall of the hole installing adhering and sealing；In the connector, pressure head
Be provided with upper duct in compression bar, the lower end of the inner orifice perforation connector in the upper duct, the outer aperture perforation compression bar in upper duct
Lateral wall；
Sealing ring is both provided between the compression bar and upper cartridge body, between compression bar and pressure head, between pressure head and connector；
Step 3: applying normal stress, pressure is applied to compression bar, makes test specimen by normal stress；
Step 4: applying shear stress, upper cartridge body is clamped, applies constant pressure to lower box body in left-right direction；
Step 5: hydraulic fracturing, with the hydraulic pressure that constant rate of speed increases from the outer aperture water filling in upper duct, until test specimen occurs
Cleavage fracture；
Step 6: profile scanning, test specimen is taken out, test specimen section is scanned and obtains section three dimensional point cloud；
Step 7: with other experiments are organized, test specimen is replaced, changes the pressure size applied to compression bar or change to lower box
Body applies the size of constant pressure or the type for changing test specimen or changes hydraulic pressure rate of rise, repeats step 2 to step
Six；
Step 8: it arranges, analysis experimental data.
Described method provide hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment method under a kind of shear stress state, step 3 applies compression bar
Pressure size can be subject to the constant pressure that lower box body applies in step 4 with depth where simulation rock with simulation rock
Shearing force makes test specimen be in certain shear stress state, and constant hydraulic pressure can simulate the hydraulic pressure of hydraulic fracturing in step 5, from
And can the influence of single parameter or multiple parameters to hydraulically created fracture be studied by multiple experiment, be conducive to deeper
Study to level the propagation law in hydraulic fracturing crack.
The upper cartridge body includes rectangular box-like upper ledge and is fixed on the cover board of arch, the upper left shell and upper right shell
In the framework of upper ledge, the locating rod is also threaded through on the upper ledge of upper cartridge body.Upper cartridge body is set in this way, makes test specimen and shearing
The assembling of box is more convenient.
The lower box body includes rectangular box-like lower frame and is fixed on the bottom plate of lower frame bottom, the lower-left shell and bottom right shell
In the framework of lower frame, the left hole road and right hole road are opened on the lower frame of lower box body.Lower box body is set in this way, makes test specimen
It is more convenient with the assembling of shear box.
The test specimen is 100*100*100mm3Square, the aperture of the mounting hole is 10mm, depth 60mm.
Advantageous effect：The present invention applies shearing force to test specimen using the test box of built-in shear box, is carried out at the same time waterpower pressure
It splits, so as to provide hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment method under a kind of shear stress state, convenient for the depth of investigation, shear stress and hydraulic pressure etc.
Influence of the parameter to variety classes rock hydraulic fracturing is conducive to study the propagation law in hydraulic fracturing crack to a deeper level.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the A-A sectional views of Fig. 2.
It is marked in figure as follows：First gap 1, bottom plate 2, lower frame 3, upper ledge 4, cover board 5, compression bar 6, the second gap 7, locating rod
8th, left hole road 9, right hole road 10, pressure head 12, connector 11, upper duct 13, upper left shell 14, upper right shell 15, lower-left shell 16 and bottom right shell
17。
It should be noted that：In description of the invention, noun of locality "front", "rear", "left", "right" in actual use to grasp
Make personnel station subject to the direction of visual lines and equipment oriented of Fig. 1 views namely a left side for Fig. 1 views is in present invention description
The right side of " left side ", Fig. 1 views for the present invention description in " right side ", Fig. 2 views it is upper for the present invention describe in " rear ", Fig. 2 views
It is lower for the present invention description in " preceding ".
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in detail, the embodiment described example is shown in the drawings, wherein from beginning to end
Same or similar label represents same or similar element or the element with same or like function.Below with reference to attached
Figure description embodiment is exemplary, it is intended to be explained the present invention, and is not considered as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if any term " " center ", " transverse direction ", " on ", " under ", " preceding ",
The indicating positions such as " rear ", "left", "right", " vertical ", " level ", " top ", " bottom ", " interior ", " outer " and position relationship are based on attached
Orientation or position relationship shown in figure are for only for ease of the narration present invention and simplify description rather than instruction or imply signified
Device or element must have specific orientation, with particular orientation construct and operate, the tool that should not be construed as limiting the invention
Body protection domain.In addition, description purpose is only used for if any term " first ", " second ", and it is not intended that instruction or hint phase
To importance or the implicit quantity for indicating technical characteristic.
In the present invention, except as otherwise clear stipulaties and restriction, if any term " assembling ", " connected ", " connection ", " fixation " etc.
Term should be gone to understand as broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected or being detachably connected or be integrally connected；It can also
It is mechanical connection or electrical connection；It can be directly connected or be connected by intermediary, can be two
It is connected inside element.For those of ordinary skills, above-mentioned term can be understood at this as the case may be
Concrete meaning in invention.
In invention, unless otherwise prescribed and limit, fisrt feature second feature it " on " or it " under " can include
First and second features are in direct contact, and can not also be in direct contact but by between them including the first and second features
In addition characterisation contact.Moreover, fisrt feature second feature " on ", " under " and " above " including fisrt feature in the second spy
Right over sign and oblique upper is only to represent that fisrt feature level height is higher than the height of second feature.Fisrt feature is
Two features " on ", " under " and " following " immediately below second feature or obliquely downward or are merely representative of including fisrt feature
One characteristic level height is less than second feature.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is further described by the specific embodiment to the present invention, makes the technology of the present invention
Scheme and advantage are clearer, clear and definite.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, the present invention includes the following steps,
Step 1: early-stage preparations, pillared test specimen is processed, and open up installation at test piece upper part center by rock mass sample
Hole.The preferably described test specimen of the present embodiment is 100*100*100mm3Square, the aperture of the mounting hole is 10mm, depth is
60mm.Certainly, according to experiment needs, test specimen can also be the cylinder of diameter 100mm, high 100mm.
Step 2: preparing experiment, test box is put by test specimen,
The test box includes upper cartridge body, lower box body and shear box, and the upper cartridge body and lower box body surround the box-like of sealing.
The upper cartridge body includes rectangular box-like upper ledge 4 and is fixed on the cover board 5 at 4 top of upper ledge, and the lower box body includes rectangular box-like
Lower frame 3 and be fixed on the bottom plate 2 of 3 bottom of lower frame.Between the cover board 5 and upper ledge 4, between upper ledge 4 and lower frame 3, lower frame 3
Sealing ring is equipped between bottom plate 2.
The shear box includes upper left shell 14, upper right shell 15, lower-left shell 16 and bottom right shell 17, the upper left shell 14, upper right
The shear box inner cavity and the shape of test specimen that shell 15, lower-left shell 16 and bottom right shell 17 surround are adapted.Also, when test specimen is square
When, according to experiment needs, shear box inner cavity can be the crooked square body cavity in a certain angle with left and right directions.The upper left shell
14 and upper right shell 15 be located in upper cartridge body, and upper left shell 14 and upper right shell 15 are located in the framework of upper cartridge body upper ledge 4.Described
The right and left of upper cartridge body upper ledge 4 is equipped with the locating rod 8 arranged in left-right direction, and the upper left shell 14 is hung with upper right shell 15
On the inner end of corresponding locating rod 8.Also, the locating rod 8 of the right and left with upper cartridge body thread fitting, during rotational positioning bar 8,
Locating rod 8 moves left and right on upper cartridge body.Under the action of the right and left locating rod 8, upper left shell 14 and upper right shell 15 are by test specimen
Upper pinch.The locating rod 8 that the present embodiment preferably coordinates with upper left shell 14 has front and rear two, the positioning coordinated with upper right shell 15
Bar 8 also has front and rear two.
The lower-left shell 16 and bottom right shell are located in lower box body, and lower-left shell 16 and bottom right shell 17 are located at the frame of lower frame 3
In vivo, the lower-left shell 16 and bottom right shell 17 are located at the lower section of upper left shell 14 and upper right shell 15 respectively, the upper left shell 14 with
There are the first gaps 1 between lower-left shell 16, and there are the second gaps 7 between the upper right shell 15 and bottom right shell 17.In the examination
It tests in box lower box body and is provided with left hole road 9 and right hole road 10, the left hole road 9 and right hole road 10 are opened on the lower frame 3 of lower box body；
The inner orifice in the left hole road 9 and right hole road 10 connects respectively with the first gap 1 and the second gap 7, the left hole road 9 and right hole
The outer aperture in road 10 penetrates through the outer wall of test box.The preferably described left hole road 9 of the present embodiment is located at the left front of test box lower frame 3
Portion, the inner orifice in left hole road 9 are connected with the front section in the first gap 1；The preferably described right hole road 10 of the present embodiment is located at test box
The right rear portion of lower frame 3, the inner orifice in right hole road 10 are connected with the back section in the second gap 7.
Compression bar 6 is fitted on the cover board 5 of the upper cartridge body, is fixedly connected in the lower end of compression bar 6 positioned at upper left shell 14
Pressure head 12 between upper right shell 15, the bottom surface of the pressure head 12 and the top surface of test specimen offset.In the lower end of the pressure head 12 also
Connector 11 is fixedly connected with, the connector 11 is stretched into the mounting hole of test specimen, and with bonding agent by 11 outer wall of connector and mounting hole
Inner wall adhering and sealing.Duct 13, the inner orifice in the upper duct 13 are provided in the connector 11, pressure head 12 and compression bar 6
Penetrate through the lower end of connector 11, the lateral wall of the outer aperture perforation compression bar 6 in upper duct 13.The compression bar 6 and upper cartridge body cover board 5 it
Between, between compression bar 6 and pressure head 12, between pressure head 12 and connector 11 be both provided with sealing ring.
Step 3: applying normal stress, pressure is applied to compression bar 6, makes test specimen by normal stress.
Step 4: applying shear stress, upper cartridge body is clamped, applies constant pressure to lower box body in left-right direction.
Step 5: hydraulic fracturing, with the hydraulic pressure that constant rate of speed increases from the outer aperture water filling in upper duct 13, until test specimen is sent out
Raw cleavage fracture.
Step 6: profile scanning, test specimen is taken out, test specimen section is scanned and obtains section three dimensional point cloud.
Step 7: with other experiments are organized, test specimen is replaced, changes the pressure size applied to compression bar 6 or change to lower box
Body applies the size of constant pressure or the type for changing test specimen or changes hydraulic pressure rate of rise, repeats step 2 to step
Six.
Step 8: it arranges, analysis experimental data.
Table one：
It chooses rock mass sample of the same race and is processed into test specimen, repetition experiment is carried out according to the following table,
It is analyzed by the splitting section obtained to repeating experiment table one Suo Shi, you can research shear stress is to hydraulic fracturing
Influence.Similarly, change the pressure applied to compression bar, keep the pressure applied to lower box body and hydraulic pressure rate of rise constant, i.e.,
It can study under shear stress effect, influence of the depth to hydraulic fracturing.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment method under shear stress state, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps,
Step 1: early-stage preparations, pillared test specimen is processed, and open up mounting hole at test piece upper part center by rock mass sample；
Step 2: preparing experiment, test box is put by test specimen,
The test box includes upper cartridge body, lower box body and shear box, and the upper cartridge body and lower box body surround the box-like of sealing, described
Shear box includes upper left shell, upper right shell, lower-left shell and bottom right shell, and the upper left shell and upper right shell are located in upper cartridge body, described
The right and left of upper cartridge body is equipped with the locating rod arranged in left-right direction, and the upper left shell hangs over corresponding positioning with upper right shell
On the inner end of bar, also, under the action of the right and left locating rod, upper left shell and upper right shell are by the upper pinch of test specimen；It is described
Lower-left shell and bottom right shell are located in lower box body, and the lower-left shell and bottom right shell are located at the lower section of upper left shell and upper right shell respectively,
There are the first gaps between the upper left shell and lower-left shell, and there are the second gaps between the upper right shell and bottom right shell；Institute
State and left hole road and right hole road be provided in test box lower box body, the inner orifice in the left hole road and right hole road respectively with the first gap and
The outer aperture in the second gap area, the left hole road and right hole road penetrates through the outer wall of test box；
Compression bar is fitted on the upper cartridge body, the pressure being fixedly connected in the lower end of compression bar between upper left shell and upper right shell
Head, the bottom surface of the pressure head and the top surface of test specimen offset, and connector is also fixedly connected in the lower end of the pressure head, and the connector is stretched
Enter in the mounting hole of test specimen, and with bonding agent by connector outer wall and inner wall of the hole installing adhering and sealing；In the connector, pressure head and pressure
Duct, the lower end of the inner orifice perforation connector in the upper duct, the outside of the outer aperture perforation compression bar in upper duct are provided in bar
Wall；
Sealing ring is both provided between the compression bar and upper cartridge body, between compression bar and pressure head, between pressure head and connector；
Step 3: applying normal stress, pressure is applied to compression bar, makes test specimen by normal stress；
Step 4: applying shear stress, upper cartridge body is clamped, applies constant pressure to lower box body in left-right direction；
Step 5: hydraulic fracturing, with the hydraulic pressure that constant rate of speed increases from the outer aperture water filling in upper duct, until test specimen cleaves
It destroys；
Step 6: profile scanning, test specimen is taken out, test specimen section is scanned and obtains section three dimensional point cloud；
Step 7: with other experiments are organized, test specimen is replaced, changes the pressure size applied to compression bar or lower box body is applied in change
Add the size of constant pressure or change hydraulic pressure rate of rise, repeat step 2 to step 6；
Step 8: it arranges, analysis experimental data.
2. hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment method under shear stress state according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The upper box
Body includes rectangular box-like upper ledge and is fixed on the cover board of arch, and the upper left shell and upper right shell are located at the framework of upper ledge
Interior, the locating rod is also threaded through on the upper ledge of upper cartridge body.
3. hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment method under shear stress state according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The lower box
Body includes rectangular box-like lower frame and is fixed on the bottom plate of lower frame bottom, and the lower-left shell and bottom right shell are located at the framework of lower frame
Interior, the left hole road and right hole road are opened on the lower frame of lower box body.
4. according to hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment method under any shear stress states of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that：Institute
Test specimen is stated as 100*100*100mm3Square, the aperture of the mounting hole is 10mm, depth 60mm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106769780B (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2019-07-05 | 同济大学 | The full shear-seepage coupling test of rock joint shears seepage flow box under Thief zone pressure |
| CN110242267B (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2022-02-18 | 山东科技大学 | Water injection fracturing shear test system and method for simulating geothermal system dry hot rock |
| CN110306964B (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2020-08-21 | 中国矿业大学 | Hydraulic fracturing coal seam crack visualization and permeability increasing effect evaluation method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101169359A (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2008-04-30 | 西安科技大学 | Jointed rock permeability detection method |
| CN102607950A (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2012-07-25 | 山东科技大学 | Rock shearing seepage coupling true triaxial test system |
| CN204807547U (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-11-25 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Stress seepage coupling true triaxial shear box |
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| KR100821812B1 (en) * | 2007-08-18 | 2008-04-14 | 울산과학대학 산학협력단 | Method for making test sample from weathered rock with well-developed joint layers |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101169359A (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2008-04-30 | 西安科技大学 | Jointed rock permeability detection method |
| CN102607950A (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2012-07-25 | 山东科技大学 | Rock shearing seepage coupling true triaxial test system |
| CN204807547U (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-11-25 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Stress seepage coupling true triaxial shear box |
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