CN105929107A - 一种森林减弱大气颗粒物的测定技术方法 - Google Patents
一种森林减弱大气颗粒物的测定技术方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及本发明涉及一种森林减弱大气颗粒物的测定技术方法，针对目前环境污染严重，尤其是雾霾现象的高发，利用植被对大气颗粒物的滞留、减弱和化解作用，设置裸地、针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林和乔灌混交林样地，测定个类型样地林木的树高、胸径和冠幅，获得植被盖度和生物量。测定各类型样地的PM10、PM2.5、PM1等值，同时用颗粒物收集器收集大粒径颗粒沉降物，并同步测定风速、风向及持续时间，最后应用树高、植被盖度和生物量构建线性和非线性模型，定量准确的测定和比较不同森林类型对大气颗粒物的滞留和消减作用。
Description
一、技术领域
本发明涉及一种森林减弱大气颗粒物的测定技术方法，针对目前环境污染严重，尤其是雾霾现象的高发，利用植被对大气颗粒物的滞留、减弱和化解作用，设置裸地、针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林和乔灌混交林样地，测定各类型样地的PM10、PM2.5、PM1等值，同时用颗粒物收集器收集大粒径颗粒沉降物，并同步测定风速和风向及持续时间，定量的测定和比较不同森林类型对大气颗粒物的滞留和消减作用。
二、技术背景
随着工业的发展，环境污染日益加剧，尤其是近年雾霾现象的频发严重影响人体的健康。如何减弱雾霾及大气颗粒物对环境的影响问题迫在眉睫。
森林是维持生态平衡的关键部分，在净化空气、减少灰尘方面发挥着重要作用。因此，利用植被对大气颗粒物的滞留、减弱和化解作用，设置裸地、针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林和乔灌混交林样地，测定各类型样地的PM10、PM2.5、PM1等值，同时用颗粒物收集器收集大粒径颗粒沉降物，并同步测定风速和风向及持续时间，定量的测定和比较不同森林类型对大气颗粒物的滞留和消减作用。
该方法简便、快速，并且能准确定量地来测定和衡量不同森林植被类型对大气颗粒物的减弱作用。
三、发明内容
为了实现快速、准确地测定森林植被类型对大气颗粒物的影响，提出一种森林减弱大气颗粒物的测定技术方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：
1)分别在裸地、针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林、乔灌混交林内设置样地，应用3D角规法测定样地内林木的树高、胸径，冠幅，计算出蓄积和植被盖度，并且反演出生物量；在距离地面1.5m处测定样地内PM值，同步测定风速和风向，用颗粒物收集器收集单位时间内单位面积的颗粒物沉降量。测定次数和时间及实验的持续时间均根据当地的天气情况确定。
2)建立各林型的大气颗粒物与植被盖度、生物量和树高的相关模型。其中线性模型为①gi＝ai+biC+ciW+diH，非线性模型为②其中g(i＝针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林、乔灌混交林)为颗粒物浓度，C为植被盖度，W为植被生物量，H为树高，a为常数项，(bi、ci、di)为因子系数。
1本项发明与现有方法相比具有以下优点：
①本发明能简单、快速、低成本的测定样地内的大气颗粒物含量，并能实时追踪。为森林减弱大气颗粒物的测定技术提供一种新方法。
②利用线性模型和非线性模型能够准确的计算各森林类型的大气颗粒物浓度。
四、附图说明：
附图1为各林地分布示意图，图中T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6分别表示裸地、针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林、灌木林和乔灌混交林。
五、具体实施方式
(1)在合适区域设置裸地、针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林和乔灌混交林样地，在各类型林地内应用3D角规法测定样地内的林木树高、胸径和植被盖度；在距离地面1.5m处测定样地内PM值，同步测定风速和风向，用颗粒物收集器收集单位时间内单位面积的颗粒物沉降量。
(2)建立各林型的大气颗粒物与植被盖度、生物量和树高的相关模型。其中线性模型为①gi＝ai+biC+ciW+diH，非线性模型为②其中g(i＝针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林、乔灌混交林)为颗粒物浓度，C为植被盖度，W为植被生物量，H为树高，a为常数项，(bi、ci、di)为因子系数。
Claims (3)
1.一种森林减弱大气颗粒物的测定技术方法，其特征是：针对目前环境污染严重，尤其是雾霾现象的高发，利用植被对大气颗粒物的滞留、减弱和化解作用，设置裸地、针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林和乔灌混交林样地，测定各类型样地的PM10、PM2.5、PM1等值，同时用颗粒物收集器收集大粒径颗粒沉降物，并同步测定风速和风向及持续时间，定量的测定和比较不同森林类型对大气颗粒物的滞留和消减作用。
2.依据权利要求书1的一种森林减弱大气颗粒物的测定技术方法，其特征是：分别在裸地、针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林、乔灌混交林内设置样地，应用3D角规法测定样地内的植被盖度、生物量和树高；在距离地面1.5m处测定样地内PM值，同步测定风速和风向，用颗粒物收集器收集单位时间内单位面积的颗粒物沉降量。
3.依据权利要求书1的一种森林减弱大气颗粒物的测定技术方法，其特征是：建立各林型的大气颗粒物与植被盖度、生物量和树高的相关模型；其中线性模型为①gi＝ai+biC+ciW+diH，非线性模型为其中g(i＝针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林、乔灌混交林)为颗粒物浓度，C为植被盖度，W为植被生物量，H为树高，a为常数项，(bi、ci、di)为因子系数。
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| CN203688409U (zh) * | 2014-01-16 | 2014-07-02 | 深圳市华测检测技术股份有限公司 | 大气颗粒物监测装置 |
| CN104155202A (zh) * | 2014-08-14 | 2014-11-19 | 北京市园林科学研究院 | 一种植物滞留细颗粒物质量的检测方法 |
| CN104677693A (zh) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-06-03 | 北京林业大学 | 植株上大气颗粒物的湿沉降通量采集装置及检测方法 |
| CN105092293A (zh) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-11-25 | 北京林业大学 | 植物树干表面颗粒物取样装置和颗粒物吸附量测定方法 |
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| CN203688409U (zh) * | 2014-01-16 | 2014-07-02 | 深圳市华测检测技术股份有限公司 | 大气颗粒物监测装置 |
| CN104155202A (zh) * | 2014-08-14 | 2014-11-19 | 北京市园林科学研究院 | 一种植物滞留细颗粒物质量的检测方法 |
| CN104677693A (zh) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-06-03 | 北京林业大学 | 植株上大气颗粒物的湿沉降通量采集装置及检测方法 |
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Application publication date: 20160907 |