CN105928778B - The method that lever weighting measures wire Young's modulus - Google Patents
The method that lever weighting measures wire Young's modulus Download PDFInfo
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- CN105928778B CN105928778B CN201610541827.2A CN201610541827A CN105928778B CN 105928778 B CN105928778 B CN 105928778B CN 201610541827 A CN201610541827 A CN 201610541827A CN 105928778 B CN105928778 B CN 105928778B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/14—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by dead weight, e.g. pendulum; generated by springs tension
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
- G01N2203/0033—Weight
Abstract
The method that lever weighting measures wire Young's modulus is related to physical parameters measurement, is measured to simplify Young's modulus, technical solution is：Supporting rod is fixed on pedestal, a platform is fixed at supporting rod middle part and top respectively, and top platform places support column, is the fulcrum of lever at the top of support column, and lever ratio is 1：N, the left distal end of lever fix the upper end of wire, and the lower end of wire is fixed on the left side of middle deck, wire length L；Lever right end hangs the thin stick of a metal and a scale, one pointer is fixed on top platform, pointer end is horizontality, a pallet is fixed in the thin stick lower end of metal, the reading of scale is x1 at this time, reading is x2 after increasing the weight that quality is m kilograms on pallet, elongation deltaL of the wire under weight effect=| x2 x1 |/n；The diameter d and length L of wire are measured, then the m*g*n of Young's modulus Y=42*L/(π*d2* | x2 x1 |), wherein g is acceleration of gravity, π is pi.Advantageous effect：It is cost-effective, facilitate adjusting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the measurements of the Young's modulus of the fields of measurement of physical parameter, especially material.
Background technology
The measurement of wire Young's modulus is a common experiment of Experiment of College Physics, mainly optical lever is utilized to amplify
The elongation of principle measuring steel wire, to calculate the Young's modulus of steel wire.The parameter that must be measured has：The length of wire, gold
Belong to the diameter of silk, the elongation of wire, the quality of increased weight（Using counterweight, the quality of 1 counterweight is 1 kilogram, generally
Use 8-9 counterweight）, existing deficiency has：
The linear measure longimetry of wire is inaccurate：Since the top and bottom of wire are clamped by fixture, upper end-fixture is fixed
In the support plate of a supporting rack, lower end fixture is located in the center hole of the support plate in the middle part of supporting rack, every, laboratory
Wire（Generally use steel wire）Effective length（The distance between upper end-fixture fixed point and lower end fixture fixed point）It is not
It is the same, measure tape measure that wire uses when measuring wire length, due to fixture upper surface with wire similar to straight
Angle, close to wire then tape measure bend can not close to fixed point between wire and fixture, bring in measurement exist compared with
Big error.
The elongation that polished rod bar measures wire is more complicated：A piece vertical scale is fixed on the side of telescope, steel wire
Lower end fixture upper surface fix polished rod bar the rear foot, the fulcrum of polished rod bar（Two front foots）Support in the middle part of supporting rack
On plate, there are one the plane mirror that can be rotated, the scale of scale is reflected into the flat of optical lever for the top of two front foots of optical lever
Face mirror is reflected into telescope from plane mirror, from the lateral reference line of telescope graticle（Referred to as read reference line）Read scale
Scale, with counterweight increase or decrease cause range of telescope graduated scale be located at reading reference line scale become
Change, to measure the relationship between steel wire elongation and counterweight weight.Need to adjust that plane mirror is vertical, is seen above telescope
It observes scale, find scale in range of telescope；Measuring polished rod bar minute surface, there are errors to the distance of the rear foot, because minute surface is general
Positioned at the centre of frame, so general be reduced to measure the distance between front foot and rear foot of polished rod bar, and two front foots are in number
It might not be in minute surface on learning；The distance for measuring minute surface to scale needs measurement point contour, to measure vertical range, Bu Nengfa
Raw to tilt, these are all difficult experimentally accurate.
Invention content
To simplify the measurement of Young's modulus, the present invention designs a kind of wire pulling method Young's modulus measurement method.
The present invention realize goal of the invention the technical solution adopted is that：The method that lever weighting measures wire Young's modulus,
It is characterized in that：A supporting rod is fixed on one pedestal, a platform is fixed at the middle part and top of supporting rod respectively（Middle deck
Support stick can be substituted for）, middle deck is relative to top platform 1-2cm prominent to the left；A branch is placed on top platform
Dagger, there are three omnidirectional's rotating wheels for the bottom of support column（It is not drawn in figure, 3 points determine a plane, three omnidirectional's rotations
Wheel is a kind of rock-steady structure, and omnidirectional's rotating wheel is a kind of prior art）, it is the fulcrum of lever at the top of support column, lever can
It is rotated around fulcrum, the left length and right length ratio of balance pivot are 1：n（N is any number, is convenience of calculation, it is proposed that n
For 10 or 10 multiple, preferably n is 20-50）, the upper end of the left distal end fixation wire of lever（Fixed form can be
There are one aperture, wires, and aperture, wire to be passed through to be clamped by a fixture for lever, and the lower face of fixture is close on lever aperture
Side, the left end length of lever is length of the small hole center to fulcrum at this time, to reduce error, the diameter and wire diameter of aperture
Equally big, certain passing through for convenience of wire, the diameter of aperture is slightly larger than the diameter of wire, such as big 0.02mm）, gold
The lower end for belonging to silk is fixed on the left side of middle deck, and the length L of wire fixes for the left side of wire and middle deck
Point and the distance between with lever left-hand end fixed point；The right end suspension thin stick of a piece metal of lever and a scale, mark
There are one rectangular opening, the thin stick of metal passes through scale by rectangular opening at the center of ruler, and there are an identical graduated scale in the both sides of rectangular opening, and one
A pointer is fixed on top platform, and pointer end is horizontality, and pointer end is stretched out from the rectangular opening of scale, read by pointer
Go out the reading of scale, a pallet is fixed in the lower end of the thin stick of metal, and the reading of the scale of pointer instruction at this time is x1, is increased on pallet
It is m kilograms of weight to add quality, and the reading of the scale of pointer instruction at this time is x2, elongation of the wire under weight effect
deltaL=|x2-x1|/n；The diameter d and length L of wire are measured, then the m*g* of Young's modulus Y=4 n2 * L/(π*d2*|
X2- x1 |), wherein g is acceleration of gravity, π is pi.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：It is convenient for measuring the length of wire；Optical lever is omitted, instead of mechanical type lever,
It is cost-effective, decrease the cumbersome regulating step of optical lever；Lever amplification stress alleviates the quality of added object,
Relative to the increased counterweight in existing laboratory（Weight）Quality be 1 kilogram, generally increase 8-10 counterweight, the present invention can
By the ratio of lever accomplish 10 times it is even higher, so as to which the quality of counterweight is relieved to 0.1 kilogram, to save counterweight
Cost.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram for the method that lever weighting measures wire Young's modulus；
Wherein, 1, pedestal, 2, supporting rod, 3-1, middle deck, 3-2, top platform, 4, support column, 5, lever, 6, metal
Silk, 7, the thin stick of metal, 8, scale, 9, rectangular opening, 10, pointer, 11, pallet.
Specific implementation mode
A supporting rod 2 is fixed on one pedestal 1, a platform is fixed at the middle part and top of supporting rod 2 respectively（Middle part is flat
Platform 3-1 can be substituted for support stick, and the purpose of middle deck 3-1 is one end of fixed wire 6, has any dress of the function
It sets, therefore cylindric or cuboid hard stick）, when adding and subtracting weight, wire generally will appear shake, in
Portion platform 3-1 advantageously ensures that wire is in vertical state relative to top platform 3-2 1-2cm prominent to the left, it is ensured that
When wire is in shake, the upper end of wire will not generally contact top horizontal edge of table；One is placed on top platform 3-2
Support column 4, there are three omnidirectional's rotating wheels for the bottom of support column 4（It is not drawn in figure, 3 points determine a plane, three omnidirectionals
Rotating wheel is a kind of rock-steady structure, and omnidirectional's rotating wheel is a kind of prior art, it is ensured that the metal that wire occurs in plus-minus weight
Silk shake and lever occur it is mobile cause wire it is not vertical when, the horizontal direction that the pulling force of wire generates can be passed through
Component promote support column to move, reach wire when static be in vertical state）, to ensure the stability of support column 4（I.e.
Top platform 3-2 is not slid out）, the prior art may be implemented：For example support column bottom omnidirectional rotating wheel is in a groove,
There are the baffle of horizontal direction, support column also to there is the baffle of horizontal direction, the baffle of support column to be located at groove baffle above groove
Lower section, also there are the space that baffle limits its transverse shifting in the both sides of groove.The top of support column 4 is the fulcrum of lever 5, lever
The left length and right length ratio of 5 fulcrums are 1：n（N is any number, is convenience of calculation, it is proposed that times that n is 10 or 10
Number, the ratio of the existing optical lever in laboratory is substantially at 20 times or so）, the upper end of the left distal end fixation wire 6 of lever（Than
If the left side of lever 5 is there are one the threaded hole of the aperture and a horizontal direction of vertical direction, wire passes through aperture, a spiral shell
Nail precession makes the end of screw withstand wire；Fixed form can also be that there are one apertures for lever, and wire is across aperture, gold
Belong to silk to be clamped by a fixture, the lower face of fixture is close to above lever aperture, and the left end length of lever is small hole center at this time
To the length of fulcrum, to reduce error, the diameter of aperture is big as wire diameter, certainly passing through for convenience of wire,
The diameter of aperture is slightly larger than the diameter of wire, such as 0.02mm, and the wire that laboratory often measures is steel wire, steel wire
Diameter is generally in 0.7-0.8mm）, the lower end of wire 6 is fixed on the left side of middle deck 3-1, and the length L of wire 6 is
The left side fixed point of wire and middle deck 3-1 and the distance between with 5 left-hand end fixed point of lever；The right side of lever 5
End hangs the thin stick 7 of a metal and a scale 8（Suspension line is used alone in scale, relatively thicker in metal bar 7, can ignore that
When its elongation under weight effect, scale 8 can also be fixed on metal bar 7, in metal bar 7 and wire 6 to be measured
When being more than or equal to the diameter of wire 6 to be measured for the diameter of same material and metal bar 7, metal bar 7 can be ignored and existed
Elongation under weight effect）, there are one rectangular opening 9, the thin stick 7 of metal passes through scale 8, square by rectangular opening 9 at the center of scale 8
There are identical graduated scale in the both sides in shape hole 9（Two graduated scales facilitate reading, a graduated scale could be used that）, pointer 10 is solid
It is scheduled on top platform 3-2（It can be directly anchored to the side of top platform, the upper table for being integrally fixed at top platform of Fig. 1 descriptions
Face, end are bent horizontally）, pointer end is horizontality（It can be realized by adjusting top platform, it can also be straight
Bending pointer is connect to realize, can be steeped by pointer additional levels to observe, adjusting level and horizontal instruction device are all existing
There is technology, is that by）, 10 end of pointer from the rectangular opening 9 of scale 8 stretch out, by pointer read scale 8 reading,
A pallet 11 is fixed in the lower end of the thin stick of metal 7, and the reading for the scale 8 that pointer 10 indicates at this time is x1, increases matter on pallet 11
Amount is m kilograms of weight, and the reading for the scale 8 that pointer 10 indicates at this time is x2, elongation of the wire 6 under weight effect
deltaL=|x2-x1|/n；The diameter d and length L of wire are measured, then the m*g* of Young's modulus Y=4 n2 * L/(π*d2*|
X2- x1 |), wherein g is acceleration of gravity, π is pi.
Its Computing Principle is as follows：
The wire that a piece cross-sectional area is S, for the cylindrical metal silk of a diameter of d, S=π * (d/2)2, wherein π is
Pi；Meet relational expression F/S=Y* between the long L of original of wire under tension F, wire elongation amount deltaL and wire
DeltaL/L, proportionality coefficient Y are known as Young's modulus Y=F/S *（L/ deltaL）；
In the present invention designs, the rod reading difference increased before and after weight is x2- x1, by the magnification ratio of lever, because
The elongation deltaL of this wire=| x2- x1 |/n, wherein | x2- x1 | indicate that difference takes absolute value, n is lever ratio,
It is equivalent to the equilibrium principle of platform scale；
F=n*m*g, wherein m are the quality of increased weight, and F be to increase weight m stress on the left of lever, g is caused to be
The acceleration of gravity on ground, n are lever ratio, are equivalent to the equilibrium principle of platform scale；
Y= F/S*L/deltaL= n*m*g/[π*(d/2)2] *L/(| x2- x1|/n)=4 m*g* n2 * L/(π*
d2*| x2- x1|)。
Claims (1)
1. the method that lever weighting measures wire Young's modulus, it is characterized in that：One pedestal（1）On fix a supporting rod
（2）, supporting rod（2）Middle part and top fix a platform respectively（3-1,3-2）, middle deck（3-1）Relative to top horizontal
Platform（3-2）1-2cm prominent to the left；Top platform（3-2）One support column of upper placement（4）, support column（4）Bottom have three
A omnidirectional's rotating wheel, support column（4）Top truck dead lever（5）Fulcrum, lever（5）It can be rotated around fulcrum, lever（5）Branch
The left length and right length ratio of point are 1：The left distal end of n, lever fix wire（6）Upper end, wire（6）'s
Lower end is fixed on middle deck（3-1）Left side, wire（6）Length L be wire and middle deck（3-1）Left side
Face fixed point and and lever（5）The distance between left-hand end fixed point；Lever（5）Right end hang a thin stick of metal
（7）With a scale（8）, scale（8）Center there are one rectangular opening（9）, the thin stick of metal（7）Pass through rectangular opening（9）Across mark
Ruler（8）, rectangular opening（9）Both sides have identical graduated scale, a pointer（10）It is fixed on top platform, pointer end is level
State, pointer（10）End is from scale（8）Rectangular opening（9）It stretches out, scale is read by pointer（8）Reading, the thin stick of metal
（7）Lower end fix a pallet（11）, pointer at this time（10）The scale of instruction（8）Reading be x1, pallet（11）Upper increase
Quality is m kilograms of weight, at this time pointer（10）The scale of instruction（8）Reading be x2, wire（6）Under weight effect
Elongation deltaL=| x2-x1 |/n；The diameter d and length L of wire are measured, then the m*g* of Young's modulus Y=4 n2 * L/(π*
d2* | x2- x1 |), wherein g is acceleration of gravity, π is pi.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610541827.2A CN105928778B (en) | 2016-07-12 | 2016-07-12 | The method that lever weighting measures wire Young's modulus |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610541827.2A CN105928778B (en) | 2016-07-12 | 2016-07-12 | The method that lever weighting measures wire Young's modulus |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN105928778A CN105928778A (en) | 2016-09-07 |
| CN105928778B true CN105928778B (en) | 2018-08-10 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202339301U (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2012-07-18 | 湖州师范学院 | Experimental facility for measuring Young modulus of metal wire by stretching method |
| CN102621004A (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2012-08-01 | 四川大学 | Young modulus with laser reflection replacing telescopes for measuring metal wires |
| CN202393656U (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2012-08-22 | 徐州工程学院 | Laser Young modulus tester |
| CN104865135A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-08-26 | 湖南城市学院 | Experimental instrument for measuring Young modulus of metal wire through reflection type laser method |
-
2016
- 2016-07-12 CN CN201610541827.2A patent/CN105928778B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202339301U (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2012-07-18 | 湖州师范学院 | Experimental facility for measuring Young modulus of metal wire by stretching method |
| CN202393656U (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2012-08-22 | 徐州工程学院 | Laser Young modulus tester |
| CN102621004A (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2012-08-01 | 四川大学 | Young modulus with laser reflection replacing telescopes for measuring metal wires |
| CN104865135A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-08-26 | 湖南城市学院 | Experimental instrument for measuring Young modulus of metal wire through reflection type laser method |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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Granted publication date: 20180810 Termination date: 20190712 |