CN105925882B - A kind of centrifugal cast cannulation and its preparation technology - Google Patents
A kind of centrifugal cast cannulation and its preparation technology Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
- B22D13/02—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of centrifugal cast cannulation and its preparation technology, comprise the following steps：Using steel scrap, ferromanganese and ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, pure nickel, molybdenum-iron and rare earth nickel gadolinium, nickel cerium intermediate alloy as raw material, and molten state molten steel is obtained using aluminium wire deoxidation and after liquid steel level slagging-off；According to formula N=20 × (G/r)1/2, calculate the centrifugal rotational speed of the steel pipe die cavity of centrifugal casting；When die cavity turns to calculated centrifugal rotational speed, the pour steel into die cavity from steel ladle, casting process ensures that molten steel is not oxidized using argon gas, and pouring temperature is 1523~1573 DEG C or so, and the duration of pouring is 5~10 minutes or so；Rear demoulding, will centrifugation steel pipe be cooled to room temperature and by interior boring machining process remove internal surface of steel pipe layer impurity, that is, obtain centrifugal cast cannulation.The present invention not only prepares the good centrifugal cast cannulation of mechanical behavior under high temperature, and its manufacturing process it also avoid impurity element embrittlement of grain boundaries caused by boiler tube Grain Boundary Segregation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting technical field, and in particular to a kind of centrifugal cast cannulation and its preparation work
Skill.
Background technology
In China, centrifugal casting furnace tube is gradually domesticized the 1970s, and one is just formed experienced recent two decades
Fixed production scale.In petrochemical industry, high-alloy centrifugal casting boiler tube has been widely used as the stove of reburner and pyrolysis furnace
Pipe, such as Nanjing Refinery, the hydrogen manufacturing conversion furnace of Zhenghai general petrochemicals factory, the pyrolysis furnace of Yanshan Petrochemical company etc..
Centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting gradually develops to high parameter and maximization direction in recent years, military service operating mode it is all the more complicated and
Harshness, thus the performance requirement of the domestic centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting to be come into operation in the market also more and more higher, are prepared using tradition
The boiler tube of technique productions is not well positioned to meet production requirement, and failure accidents happen occasionally, and gives petrochemical industry device for producing hydrogen
Long period safe operation bring very big hidden danger.Boiler tube is once failed, and the long period for having a strong impact on package unit is pacified
Row for the national games.
In addition, high temperature furnace pipe factory generally use intermediate frequency furnace smelting process, the technique purification capacity is poor, for metallurgical institute
The raw material of selection require high.In boiler tube manufacturing, in order to reduce production cost, generally existing recovery petroleum chemical enterprise report
Useless old boiler tube refines the phenomenon of new boiler tube to mix.In add old boiler tube smelting process, it will may be remained on old boiler tube tube wall
Low-melting impurities are brought into the boiler tube of coming of new, and during boiler tube Long-term Service under High Temperature, impurity element can be inclined in boiler tube crystal boundary
It is poly-, embrittlement of grain boundaries, the creep-resistant property of furnace tube material is reduced, causes boiler tube service life to greatly shorten.
Therefore, those skilled in the art need badly provide a kind of centrifugal cast cannulation with excellent high temperature mechanical property and its
Preparation technology.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned deficiency, the invention provides a kind of centrifugal cast cannulation and its preparation technology.The present invention can not only
The excellent centrifugal cast cannulation of mechanical behavior under high temperature is prepared, and it is brilliant in boiler tube that impurity element is it also avoid in its preparation technology
Embrittlement of grain boundaries caused by boundary's segregation, improve the service life of boiler tube.
A kind of centrifugal cast cannulation is provided one of to achieve the above object, and present invention employs following technical scheme：
A kind of centrifugal cast cannulation, the furnace tube material include the component of following content in units of mass percent：
The second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation technology of above-mentioned centrifugal cast cannulation, comprises the following steps：
S1, using steel scrap, ferromanganese and ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, pure nickel, molybdenum-iron and rare earth nickel gadolinium, nickel cerium intermediate alloy as raw material, press
According to the mass percent of each component, calculate and each raw material of weighing, carry out dispensing；
S2, above-mentioned raw material are melted in electric furnace, and pass through aluminium wire deoxidation three times in fusion process, twice in steel
Water level removes the gred, and then stands and obtains molten state molten steel；
S3, according to formula N=20 × (G/r)1/2, calculate the centrifugal rotational speed of the steel pipe die cavity of centrifugal casting.Wherein N is
The centrifugal rotational speed of die cavity, r are steel pipe inside radius, and G is steel pipe gravity coefficient, and G takes 47~80, the steel pipe G values of centrifugal casting by with
Under type determines：The minimum steel pipe G of phosphorus content is taken 80, phosphorus content highest steel pipe G takes 47, thereby determines that out steel pipe carbon content
Linear graph between G, and the steel pipe G values of centrifugal casting are pressed linear scale by the linear graph and determined；
S4, when die cavity turns to calculated centrifugal rotational speed, from steel ladle, the pour steel into die cavity, casting process are adopted
Ensure that molten steel is not oxidized with argon gas, pour into a mould 5~10 minutes or so；
S5, above-mentioned steps rear demoulding, centrifugation steel pipe is cooled to room temperature, according to measuring containing for its sulphur for including and oxygen
Amount, the impurity of internal surface of steel pipe layer is removed by interior boring machining process.
Further, in step S2, three times aluminium wire deoxidation, include twice the step of liquid steel level removes the gred：
S20, steel scrap is heated to fusing in electric furnace, after molten steel is melting down, sequentially adds ferromanganese and ferrosilicon is melting down, and carry out
First time aluminium wire deoxidation；
Pure nickel, molybdenum-iron, ferrochrome are sequentially added after S21, first time aluminium wire deoxidation, then carries out second of aluminium wire deoxidation, and
Liquid steel level removes the gred；
S22, rare earth nickel gadolinium, nickel cerium intermediate alloy then are sequentially added, removed again using aluminium wire deoxidation and in liquid steel level
Slag and stand obtain molten state molten steel.
Further, pouring temperature is 1523~1573 DEG C in step S4.
Further, in step S5 interior boring internal surface of steel pipe layer impurity, until interior boring after steel pipe inner wall sulfur content≤
0.020%, oxygen content≤12ppm.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1) 1.0~2.50% gadolinium and 0.20~0.40% is contained, in each composition of centrifugal cast cannulation of the present invention, in composition
Cerium.The presence of gadolinium element, growing up for crystal grain on the one hand is hindered in grain boundary sites, serves Grain refinement, is improved
The comprehensive mechanical property of alloy；On the other hand, gadolinium is preferentially forming mechanical behavior under high temperature with nickel in grain boundaries in process of setting
Excellent Ni-Gd intermetallic compounds, and crystal grain is wrapped up, the mechanical behavior under high temperature of alloy has been obtained the lifting of matter.It is few
The presence of Ce elements is measured, one side Ce elements hinder growing up for crystal grain in grain boundary sites, serve Grain refinement, improve
The comprehensive mechanical property of alloy；On the other hand, cerium can be reduced impurity content in molten steel, improved its mechanics with cleaning molten steel
Performance.
2), the present invention preparation technology rare earth elements gadolinium and cerium be in the form of nickel gadolinium and nickel cerium intermediate alloy add, one
Aspect can largely reduce scaling loss of the rare earth element during high melt；On the other hand, the nickel gadolinium intermediate alloy after fusing
It can preserve at high operating temperatures with Ni-Gd intermetallic compounds and in grain boundaries.
3), in preparation technology of the present invention, three times using aluminium wire deoxidation, and remove the gred in liquid steel level, further reduce twice
The impurity content of molten steel, ensure the mechanical behavior under high temperature of boiler tube；And during spun casting, according to formula N=20 ×
(G/r)1/2Calculate the centrifugal rotational speed of the tubing die cavity of centrifugal casting, field trash, which can be concentrated, under the rotating speed is distributed in the interior of steel pipe
Surface, steel duct can be effectively reduced and inclusion content occur；Simultaneously in the process of steel ladle pour steel into die cavity
It is middle to be protected using air seal, by pouring molten steel in die cavity, molten steel can be prevented to be oxidized by oxygen.
4), in preparation technology of the present invention, pouring temperature is 1523~1573 DEG C or so, and the duration of pouring is 5~10 minutes left sides
It is right.It the pouring temperature and time, on the one hand can ensure the mobility of molten steel, reduce molten steel because of oxidation caused by long-time exposure
Loss；On the other hand, nickel gadolinium intermediate alloy can be separated out preferentially at this temperature, added the nucleation rate of alloy, reduced alloy
Grain size, also promote nickel gadolinium intermediate alloy to have enough time crystallite-cladded along crystal boundary.
5), the present invention is machined by interior boring and removes internal layer field trash, makes that steel pipe forming speed is fast, work flow subtracts
It is few, and recovery rate of iron is high.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the SEM of centrifugal cast cannulation of the present invention schemes.
Fig. 2 is gravity coefficient of the present invention-carbon content linear relationship chart.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the technical scheme in the present invention is clearly and completely described.Following examples are only used
In clearly illustrating technical scheme, and can not be limited the scope of the invention with this.
The steel pipe G values of centrifugal casting in the present invention are determined by the following manner：The minimum steel pipe G of phosphorus content is taken 80, it is carbon containing
Amount highest steel pipe G takes 47, thereby determines that out the linear graph between steel pipe carbon content and G, and the steel pipe G values of centrifugal casting pass through
The linear graph presses linear scale determination.
Embodiment 1
Centrifugal casting size is 550/350 × 2000mm of Φ tubing, and its casting method is
(1), determine the composition of furnace tube material and (wt%) carries out batching weighing by mass percentage：
(2) steel scrap is heated to 1500 DEG C or so fusings in electric furnace, after molten steel is melting down, sequentially adds ferromanganese and ferrosilicon
It is melting down, and after use aluminium wire deoxidation, after sequentially adding pure nickel, molybdenum-iron, ferrochrome, again using aluminium wire deoxidation and in liquid steel level
After slagging-off, then sequentially add rare earth nickel gadolinium, nickel cerium intermediate alloy, again using aluminium wire deoxidation and liquid steel level slagging-off and it is quiet
Put to obtain molten state molten steel；
(3) according to formula N=20 × (G/r)1/2, calculate the centrifugal rotational speed of the tubing die cavity of centrifugal casting.Wherein N is
The centrifugal rotational speed of die cavity, r are steel pipe inside radius, and G is steel pipe gravity coefficient, and G takes 47~80.The carbon equivalent of steel pipe is calculated first
Ceq=0.282, calculate G in proportion according to Fig. 2 and take 80, internal surface of pipe radius considers 10mm allowance, takes r=
0.165m, it is 378r/min to calculate centrifugal rotational speed.
(4) when die cavity turns to calculated centrifugal rotational speed, from steel ladle, the pour steel into die cavity, casting process are adopted
Ensure that molten steel is not oxidized with argon gas, pouring temperature is 1523 DEG C or so, and the duration of pouring is 5 minutes or so；
(5) rear demoulding of above-mentioned steps, centrifugation steel pipe is cooled to room temperature, now measures the steel pipe internal-surface sulphur
0.04%, oxygen content 28ppm, steel pipe base endosexine impurity is removed by interior boring machining process, the sulphur now measured contains
0.018%, oxygen content 12ppm are measured, centrifugal cast cannulation is made, SEM figures are as shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment 2：Centrifugal casting size is 460/350 × 2000mm of Φ tubing, and its casting method is
(1) determine the composition of furnace tube material and (wt%) carries out batching weighing by mass percentage：
(2) steel scrap is heated to 1500 DEG C or so fusings in electric furnace, after molten steel is melting down, sequentially adds ferromanganese and ferrosilicon
It is melting down, and after use aluminium wire deoxidation, after sequentially adding pure nickel, molybdenum-iron, ferrochrome, again using aluminium wire deoxidation and in liquid steel level
After slagging-off, then sequentially add rare earth nickel gadolinium, nickel cerium intermediate alloy, again using aluminium wire deoxidation and liquid steel level slagging-off and it is quiet
Put to obtain molten state molten steel；
(3) according to formula N=20 × (G/r)1/2, calculate the centrifugal rotational speed of the tubing die cavity of centrifugal casting.Wherein N is
The centrifugal rotational speed of die cavity, r are steel pipe inside radius, and G is steel pipe gravity coefficient, and G takes 47~80, and the steel pipe G values of centrifugal casting are by material
Carbon content relation presses linear scale determination in material.The carbon equivalent Ceq=0.398 of steel pipe, G is calculated according to ratio and takes 62, in tubing
Surface radius considers 10mm allowance, takes r=0.130m, it is 437r/min to calculate centrifugal rotational speed；
(4) when die cavity turns to calculated centrifugal rotational speed, from steel ladle, the pour steel into die cavity, casting process are adopted
Ensure that molten steel is not oxidized with argon gas, pouring temperature is 1550 DEG C or so, and the duration of pouring is 7 minutes or so；
(5) rear demoulding of above-mentioned steps, centrifugation steel pipe is cooled to room temperature, now measures the steel pipe internal-surface sulphur
0.035%, oxygen content 25ppm, steel pipe base endosexine impurity is removed by interior boring machining process, the sulphur now measured contains
0.019%, oxygen content 11ppm are measured, centrifugal cast cannulation is made.
Embodiment 3：Centrifugal casting size is 420/240 × 2000mm of Φ tubing, and its casting method is
((1) determines the composition of furnace tube material and (wt%) carries out batching weighing by mass percentage：
(2) steel scrap is heated to 1500 DEG C or so fusings in electric furnace, after molten steel is melting down, sequentially adds ferromanganese and ferrosilicon
It is melting down, and after use aluminium wire deoxidation, after sequentially adding pure nickel, molybdenum-iron, ferrochrome, again using aluminium wire deoxidation and in liquid steel level
After slagging-off, then sequentially add rare earth nickel gadolinium, nickel cerium intermediate alloy, again using aluminium wire deoxidation and liquid steel level slagging-off and it is quiet
Put to obtain molten state molten steel；
(3) according to formula N=20 × (G/r)1/2, calculate the centrifugal rotational speed of the tubing die cavity of centrifugal casting.Wherein N is
The centrifugal rotational speed of die cavity, r are steel pipe inside radius, and G is steel pipe gravity coefficient, and G takes 47~80, and the steel pipe G values of centrifugal casting are by material
Carbon content relation presses linear scale determination in material.The carbon equivalent Ceq=0.55 of steel pipe, G is calculated according to ratio in Fig. 2 and takes 47, pipe
Material inner surface radius considers 10mm allowance, takes r=0.110m, it is 515r/min to calculate centrifugal rotational speed；
(4) when die cavity turns to calculated centrifugal rotational speed, from steel ladle, the pour steel into die cavity, casting process are adopted
Ensure that molten steel is not oxidized with argon gas, pouring temperature is 1573 DEG C or so, and the duration of pouring is 10 minutes or so；
(5) rear demoulding of above-mentioned steps, centrifugation steel pipe is cooled to room temperature, now measures the steel pipe internal-surface sulphur
0.039%, oxygen content 27ppm, steel pipe base endosexine impurity is removed by interior boring machining process, the sulphur now measured contains
0.019%, oxygen content 12ppm are measured, centrifugal cast cannulation is made.
The centrifugal cast cannulation mechanical behavior under high temperature data comparison obtained by above-mentioned manufacture method：
The deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat of table 1 integrates mechanics data comparison with steel forgings
As shown in Table 1, above-mentioned 3 embodiment products are respectively provided with excellent mechanical behavior under high temperature, can be perfectly suitable for stone
Oily chemical field.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, some improvement and deformation can also be made, these are improved and deformation
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of preparation technology of centrifugal cast cannulation, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1, using steel scrap, ferromanganese and ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, pure nickel, molybdenum-iron and rare earth nickel gadolinium, nickel cerium intermediate alloy as raw material, according to such as
The mass percent of lower each component, is calculated and each raw material of weighing, and carries out dispensing；
S2, above-mentioned raw material are melted in electric furnace, and pass through aluminium wire deoxidation three times in fusion process, twice in molten steel liquid
Face is removed the gred, and is then stood and is obtained molten state molten steel；
S3, according to formula N=20 × (G/r)1/2, the centrifugal rotational speed of the steel pipe die cavity of centrifugal casting is calculated, wherein N is die cavity
Centrifugal rotational speed, unit r/min；R is steel pipe inside radius, unit m；G is steel pipe gravity coefficient, and G takes 47~80, centrifugal casting
The steel pipe G values made are determined by the following manner：It is that 0.28wt% steel pipe G takes 80 by the minimum i.e. phosphorus content of phosphorus content, phosphorus content is most
Height is that the steel pipe G that phosphorus content is 0.55wt% takes 47, thereby determines that out the linear graph between steel pipe carbon content and G, and centrifugal casting
The steel pipe G values made are determined by the linear graph by linear scale；
S4, when die cavity turns to calculated centrifugal rotational speed, the pour steel into die cavity from steel ladle, casting process uses argon
Gas ensures that molten steel is not oxidized, pours into a mould 5~10 minutes；
S5, above-mentioned steps rear demoulding, centrifugation steel pipe is cooled to room temperature, the sulphur and the content of oxygen that it is included according to measurement, led to
Cross the impurity that interior boring machining process removes internal surface of steel pipe layer.
A kind of 2. preparation technology of centrifugal cast cannulation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step S2, three secondary aluminiums
Silk deoxidation, include twice the step of liquid steel level removes the gred：
S20, steel scrap is heated to fusing in electric furnace, after molten steel is melting down, sequentially adds ferromanganese and ferrosilicon is melting down, and carry out first
Secondary aluminium wire deoxidation；
Pure nickel, molybdenum-iron, ferrochrome are sequentially added after S21, first time aluminium wire deoxidation, then carries out second of aluminium wire deoxidation, and in molten steel
Liquid level removes the gred；
S22, rare earth nickel gadolinium, nickel cerium intermediate alloy then are sequentially added, again using aluminium wire deoxidation and in liquid steel level slagging-off simultaneously
Standing obtains molten state molten steel.
A kind of 3. preparation technology of centrifugal cast cannulation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Temperature is poured into a mould in step S4
Spend for 1523~1573 DEG C.
A kind of 4. preparation technology of centrifugal cast cannulation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Interior boring steel in step S5
The impurity of pipe endosexine, until steel pipe inner wall sulfur content≤0.020% after interior boring, oxygen content≤12ppm.
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| CN110564910A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-13 | 卓然(靖江)设备制造有限公司 | Intermediate frequency furnace lining |
| CN113941694B (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2023-08-11 | 四川维珍高新材料有限公司 | Centrifugal casting method of large-caliber wear-resistant cast iron pipe |
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| CN100355932C (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2007-12-19 | 寇生瑞 | Ferrum base rare earth high-chromium steel capable of welding and of heat and abrasive endurance |
| JP4995122B2 (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2012-08-08 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Ferritic heat-resistant steel and heat-resistant structure with excellent creep characteristics in weld heat-affected zone |
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Effective date of registration: 20191030 Address after: 214500 Fuyang Road, Jingjiang Economic Development Zone, Taizhou, Jiangsu Co-patentee after: Shanghai zhuoran engineering Limited by Share Ltd Patentee after: Zhuoran (Jingjiang) Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Address before: 1 No. 211167 Jiangsu city of Nanjing province Jiangning Science Park Hongjing Road Co-patentee before: Zhuoran (Jingjiang) Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Patentee before: Nanjing Institute of Technology |