CN105925510A - 一株空间不动杆菌lct-h3 - Google Patents

一株空间不动杆菌lct-h3 Download PDF

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CN105925510A
CN105925510A CN201610456292.9A CN201610456292A CN105925510A CN 105925510 A CN105925510 A CN 105925510A CN 201610456292 A CN201610456292 A CN 201610456292A CN 105925510 A CN105925510 A CN 105925510A
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CN105925510B (zh
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刘长庭
周宏�
张学林
方向群
姜学革
郭英华
刘岩
徐绸
潘磊
李佳
余昳
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Chinese PLA General Hospital
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Abstract

本发明涉及一株“神舟九号”飞船返回舱中分离得到下行菌株不动杆菌LCT‑H3(Acinetobacter sp. LCT‑H3),其菌体形态为短杆状,可利用多种碳源生长,并且可以响应不同浓度的铁离子,全基因组测序分析其基因组大小为3.13 Mbp,包括2760个编码序列和74个RNA基因,COG数据库比对共注释到21组COG功能分类。对研究密闭飞行器内微生物种类、分布及特点等提供了一定帮助。

Description

一株空间不动杆菌LCT-H3
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域;更具体地,本发明涉及不动杆菌LCT-H3及其生物学特性、全基因组学测序。
背景技术
随着航天技术的发展,人类的外太空探索活动越来越频繁。在地面上微生物几乎无处不在,大多数存在于人类皮肤、口腔、鼻咽部和胃肠道。尽管载人飞船及内部物品等经过严格的真空消毒,载人航天器密闭环境条件下仍然容易滋生细菌和真菌等微生物,这些微生物能在密闭舱室内的金属、高分子复合材料等表面形成生物膜,它们的生长繁殖和代谢会对材料产生腐蚀,严重威胁空间站的长期在轨运行安全,缩短空间站的服役时间。研究密闭航天器内的微生物种类对于航天器内微生物的安全防护具有重要的意义。
早期人们对许多环境微生物的认识仅来自于对16S rRNA的研究,一些重要的遗传信息很难获得。现在越来越多的新的培养和分子生物学方法,例如基因组学、蛋白质组学、宏基因组学等,被用来研究新获得微生物的潜在特征和功能等。
随着人类基因组计划的实施和进行,生物体基因组研究已经成为生命科学研究的前沿领域,而与之相对应的微生物基因组研究正在广泛开展。细菌是微生物的一种,其基因组小、操作简单且实验周期短,其研究的工作可为人类基因组研究提供有益的参考;同时随着测序技术的更新换代和高通量测序技术的出现,细菌基因组的测序成本和所需时间已大幅度降低。初步研究了该菌的表型及生理生化特征,对研究密闭飞行器内微生物种类分布、材料的微生物腐蚀等提供了帮助。
发明内容
本发明的菌株不动杆菌LCT-H3(Acinetobacter sp. LCT-H3)为“神舟九号”飞船的返回舱内的冷凝水中分离得到。
本发明提供的该菌株,其保藏号为CGMCC 12571。
菌株LCT-H3可在MH固体平板上形成无色、表面光滑且边缘整齐菌落。为革兰氏阴性菌。菌体呈杆状,分散排布,无荚膜,无芽孢,表面没有鞭毛,但有菌毛结构。LCT-H3菌株可利用多种碳源,包括单糖(葡萄糖、果糖、甘露糖、半乳糖等)、二糖(龙胆二糖、乳糖、蜜二糖等),多糖(果胶、糊精等)以及多种无机碳源等,对四环素、庆大霉素、左氧氟沙星、头孢哌酮等多种抗生素敏感。在铁离子缺乏条件下,生长受到明显抑制。
所述的菌株LCT-H3菌株,进行了全基因组测序,并进行分析,其基因组大小为3.13Mbp,GC含量为44.3%, 包括2760个蛋白编码基因和74个RNA基因。其中,COG数据库比对后,2131个蛋白被分类注释为21类COG家族。
表1 Acinetobacter sp. LCT-H3菌株核苷酸含量和基因水平的基因组。
Attribute Value % of total
Size (bp) 3134118
G+C content (bp) 2366143 44.3
Coding region (bp) 3084376 82.9
Total genes 2834 100
RNA genes 74 2.61
Protein-coding genes 2760 97.39
Genes in paralog clusters 181 6.39
Genes assigned to COGs
1 or more conserved domains 1849 65.24
2 or more conserved domains 209 7.37
3 or more conserved domains 51 1.80
4 or more conserved domains 22 0.78
Genes with signal peptides 178 6.28
Genes with transmembrane helices 640 22.58
Paralogous groups 81 2.86
表2 LCT-H3基因组21个COG分类的基因数统计。
Code Value % age Description
J 162 5.72 Translation
A 1 0.04 RNA processing and modification
K 110 3.88 Transcription
L 119 4.20 Replication, recombination and repair
D 24 0.85 Cell cycle control, mitosis and meiosis
V 27 0.95 Defense mechanisms
T 67 2.36 Signal transduction mechanisms
M 122 4.30 Cell wall/membrane biogenesis
N 22 0.78 Cell motility
U 52 1.83 Intracellular trafficking and secretion
O 96 3.39 Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones
C 148 5.22 Energy production and conversion
G 76 2.68 Carbohydrate transport and metabolism
E 191 6.74 Amino acid transport and metabolism
F 65 2.29 Nucleotide transport and metabolism
H 96 3.39 Coenzyme transport and metabolism
I 97 3.42 Lipid transport and metabolism
P 150 5.29 Inorganic ion transport and metabolism
Q 52 1.83 Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism
R 286 10.09 General function prediction only
S 168 5.93 Function unknown
- 693 24.45 Not in COGs
附图说明
图1 菌株LCT-H3的16S rRNA基因序列NJ系统发育树。
图2 菌株LCT-H3的革兰氏染色结果。
图3 菌株LCT-H3的生理生化鉴定分析。
图4 菌株LCT-H3的药敏分析。
图5 菌株LCT-H3的透射及扫描电子显微镜观察。
图6 菌株LCT-H3在不同铁离子浓度下的生长曲线。
图7 菌株LCT-H3在不同铁离子浓度下的差异蛋白分析。
具体实施方式
下述实施实例中所用的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施实例中所用的材料、试剂,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径获得。
实施实例一:菌株LCT-H3培养。
菌株LCT-H3为 “神舟九号”飞船的返回舱内冷凝中分离得到的下行菌株。菌株分别于37 ℃培养箱或摇床中进行静置或振荡培养,液体培养基均为LB(Trptone 10g/L,Yeast extract 5g/L, NaCl 5g/L, PH7.3),固体培养基为MH 平板。
实施实例二:菌株LCT-H3菌种鉴定及系统发育树构建。
LCT-H3接种至LB液体培养基,37 °C,180 rpm过夜培养,6000 rpm离心5 min收集菌体,弃上清。利用Qiagen公司的基因组DNA 提取试剂盒(Code No. 51304,详细步骤见产品说明书) 提取收集的菌体的基因组DNA。以LCT-H3的基因组DNA为模板,利用细菌16srRNA通用测序引物27F(5’- AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3’)和1492R(5’-TACGGCTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3’)扩增其16s rRNA片段并测序,得到其碱基序列。用 CLUSTALW(http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/clustalw2/)进行多序列比对,并用 MEGA 5.0构建NJ 系统发育树(图1)。
实施实例三:菌株LCT-H3的革兰氏染色。
采用革兰氏染色试剂盒(Code No. G1060, Solarbio)对LCT-H3菌体进行革兰氏染色。LB液体培养基过夜培养菌体,将菌液滴于载玻片中央,在酒精灯上略加温,使之迅速干燥。结晶紫、沙黄染色液对干燥菌体一次染色脱色,详细步骤见产品说明书。染色完成并晾干后,置于光学显微镜下观察染色情况,先用显微镜低倍镜找到目标视野,然后再用油镜(100×)进行观察,判定并记录结果、拍照,见图2,革兰氏染色阴性杆菌,呈单个、分散排列。
实施实例四:菌株LCT-H3的生理生化鉴定实验。
Biolog微孔板(Biolog GENIII MicroPlate, Biolog)用来对LCT-H3菌株进行94种表型检测,其中包括71种碳源利用率分析和23种化学敏感性分析。LCT-H3接种至BHI液体培养基,37 °C,180 rpm过夜培养,6000 rpm离心5 min收集菌体,弃上清。将菌体用IF- B接种液悬浮并调节至适当浓度(OD600约为0.8,菌体浓度约107~108),分别取100 ul接种液加入Biolog微孔板的96个孔中,将微孔板放置在37 °C培养箱中培养24小时后,进行观察,见图3,同时用酶标仪测定590 nm各孔的吸光度值(OD590)作为辅助结果。
实施实例五:菌株LCT-H3的抗生素敏感性检测。
LB液体培养基过夜培养菌体,用灭菌的棉签蘸取菌液后涂布MH固体平板,尽可能地涂布均匀,涂4个平板;粘贴药敏片或药敏E-TEST试纸,选择抗生素进行药敏试验,以检测菌株对不同抗生素的敏感程度;贴完药敏片后,将平板放置在37℃下培养18~24h;观察结果,将平板取出观察各药敏片的抑菌情况,并记录抑菌圈的大小(直径cm),其中药敏片直径约为0.6cm。结果见表3和图4。
表3 菌株LCT-H3药敏试验。
抗生素 敏感(S)、中介(I)、耐药(R)
四环素 S
庆大霉素 S
左氧氟沙星 S
头孢哌酮 R
美罗培南 S
哌拉西林/他唑巴坦 S
头孢吡肟 S
复方新诺明 S
哌拉西林 S
头孢他啶 S
亚胺培南 I
实施实例六:菌株LCT-H3的电子显微镜观察。
分别在透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)下观察菌体形态。1 ml培养至稳定前期的菌液,6000 rpm离心5 min收集菌体,弃上清;PBS缓冲液洗涤一次后将菌体悬浮至合适浓度。菌悬液等体积与4% 多聚甲醛+0.5%戊二醛溶液混合,滴在有支持膜的铜网上,15 min 后用滤纸吸取未吸附样品;吸取磷钨酸染液小心滴在铜网上,染色1 min后用滤纸吸取未吸附的样品;样品干燥后在Philips EM 400T型透射电子显微镜(TEM)下观察菌体形态。首先用2.5%戊二醛、PBS缓冲液以及1% 锇酸清洗菌体,乙醇梯度脱水并乙酸异戊酯置换,样品干燥后做喷金处理(4),处理好的样品置于FEI Quanta 200型扫描电镜下观察。结果如图5所示,菌体形态为杆状,没有鞭毛,但有菌毛,透射电镜下可观察到深色致密区域。
实施实例七:菌株LCT-H3在不同铁离子浓度条件下的生长曲线。
活化菌株,在15ml试管(4ml培养基)中过夜培养,然后接种至装有6ml LB液体培养基和6ml含终浓度200uM DIP(,铁螯合剂)的LB培养基的15ml试管中,不同时间点取菌液180ul,用酶标仪测定630 nm的吸光度值(OD630)。将菌株在两种培养条件下所得到的OD值进行平均值的计算,然后再绘制曲线,见图6,从图中可看出,培养基中加入200uM DIP后,LCT-H3菌株基本不生长。
实施实例八:菌株LCT-H3在不同铁离子浓度下的差异蛋白分析。
LB液体培养基培养两管菌体至稳定前期,无菌条件下6000 g,5 min,4℃ 离心收集菌体;弃掉上清后,将菌体分别转移至等体积的LB和含终浓度200uM DIP()的LB培养基中,培养6小时。6000 g,5 min,4°C 离心收集菌体,弃上清,用PBS 缓冲液重新悬浮菌体并洗涤一次。加入50ul SDS-PAGE上样缓冲液重悬上述菌体沉淀,煮沸10min,10000g离心10min,上清即为全菌体蛋白样品。将以上蛋白样品进行 SDS-PAGE 电泳检测,电泳结束后对凝胶进行考马斯亮蓝染色,分离比较差异蛋白条带,如图7,可以发现在铁缺乏的条件下,出现了一条差异蛋白条带,大小约70-80KDa。
实施实例九:菌株LCT-H3的基因组测序、组装及注释。
基因组DNA样品委托美吉生物有限公司进行全基因组序列测定、基因预测、基因功能注释、非编码RNA预测等工作,序列分析工作委托美吉生物有限公司和上海瀚宇生物科技有限公司共同完成。
基因组DNA 提取后进行质量鉴定,在浓度和纯度达到测序要求后进行全基因组测序。利用Covaris进行基因组DNA片段化,构建插入片段约300-500 bp 的基因组测序文库,通过桥式PCR扩增得到DNA簇,然后采用Illumina Hiseq2000测序技术完成该菌株的基因组扫描测序,获得约1 Gb 的原始测序数据。Illumina HiSeq2000 测序得到的原始图像数据经过Base Calling 转化为序列数据,结果以FASTQ 文件格式来存储,包含测序read 的序列信息以及测序质量信息;原始数据经过预处理去除接头、引物及低质量数据后,利用SOAPdenovo (http://soa p.genomics.org.cn/)拼接软件对优化序列进行多个Kmer 参数的拼接,得到最优的组装结果,并运用GapCloser 软件对组装结果进行局部内洞填充和碱基校正;分别利用RNAmmer 和tRNAscan-SE 软件对基因组中包含的rRNA 和tRNA 进行预测;利用Glimmer 3.0(http://www.cbcb.umd.edu/software/glimmer/)软件进行基因预测;利用各种数据库进行基因功能注释和分类。
关于保藏的LCT-H3菌株的说明
A. 菌种的保藏单位名称和地址
名称:中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心
地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号中国科学院微生物研究所
B. 交机构保藏的日期
2016年6月1日
C. 保藏机构给予的保藏号
CGMCC No.12571
D. 分类命名
不动杆菌 Acinetobacter sp.。

Claims (3)

1.一株“神舟九号”飞船返回舱中分离得到下行菌株不动杆菌LCT-H3(Acinetobactersp. LCT-H3),其保藏号为CGMCC 12571。
2.根据权利要求1所述的下行菌株LCT-H3,其特征在于:为杆状的革兰氏阴性菌,分散排列,菌落直径约0.5-1.0 mm,菌落为圆形,无色,不透明,表面光滑,边缘整齐,细菌无荚膜,无芽孢;化学异养细菌,可利用葡萄糖、纤维二糖等多种碳源;对多种抗生素敏感;在铁离子缺乏条件下,生长受抑制。
3.根据权利要求1所述的下行菌株LCT-H3,对该菌进行16S rRNA测序,并进行全基因组测序并进行分析。
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