CN105916587A - Stepped shredder hammers - Google Patents

Abstract

Impact shredder hammers having first and second major surfaces on opposing sides, and a circumferential edge. A mounting portion includes a mounting hole that extends from the first major surface to the second major surface, and is configured to receive a hammer mounting pin for mounting in a reducing system. A distal portion includes a primary impact face to initially impact materials to be reduced and a wear edge to subsequently compress, crumble, and/or shear the material against a wall of the equipment. The hammer is provided with a plurality of alternating protrusions and recesses in the distal portion.

Description

Staged pulverizer is hammered into shape

Related application

This application claims the U.S. enjoying entitled " Stepped Shredder Hammers " that on November 14th, 2013 submits to The priority of state temporary patent application No.61/904130, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein with way of reference.

Technical field

The present invention relates to industry pulverizer.More particularly it relates to have the pulverizer of pulverizer hammer.

Background technology

Equipment is pulverized in industry or pulverizer is generally used for being broken into big object the fritter being more easily handled, such as, reclaiming row In industry.The size range of commercially available pulverizer pulverizes such as rubber (such as automobile tire), wood and paper from those The pulverizer of material, to the bigger pulverizer that can pulverize discarded metal, motor vehicles, motor-vehicle bodies parts and the like.

The core of major part industry pulverizer is pulverizing chamber, in pulverizing chamber, and Duo Gechui, otherwise referred to as pulverizer hammer, Swivel head rotates, and repeatedly clashes into material to be comminuted facing to anvil or other rigid surfaces.Therefore, hammer is commonly exposed to Under the conditions of the harshest use, and thus be generally made up of hardening steel material, such as low-alloy steel or high manganese steel are (such as Austenitic manganese steel).A few cental (such as, 150-1200 pound) that can weigh hammered into shape by each pulverizer, and at common pulverizer During operating, these weights are fiercelyed attack material to be comminuted with relatively high speed.Even if employing hardened material, the allusion quotation of pulverizer hammer Type is likely to the most several days to several weeks service life.Especially since the sword of pulverizer hammer or impingement region are with pending Material clashes into repeatedly, and the material of pulverizer hammer self is prone to wear out.

It should be understood that the pulverizing accessible yield of equipment is the biggest, equipment just can operate more efficiently and more favourable.Cause This, for the structure of pulverizer hammer and structure and utilize machine that such pulverizer hammers into shape and system still to have improvement in this field Space.

Pulverizer hammer and industry pulverizer example be disclosed in United States Patent (USP) USRE14865, US1281829, US1301316、US2331597、US2467865、US3025067、US4049202、US4310125、US4373679、 In US6102312 and US7325761.The content of these patents and other all open source literatures cited herein is all with the side of quoting Formula is that all purpose entirety is herein incorporated.

Summary of the invention

The present invention includes that impact hammer, impact hammer have close end, distal portion, are positioned at first first type surface and second of opposite side First type surface and periphery.Close end limits installing hole, and installing hole extends through hammer and installed extremely by hammer to receive hammer mounting pin Pulverizer.Distal portion has main striking face and has the frayed edges of multiple position, the material that main striking face initial impact is to be comminuted Material, frayed edges extrudes, breaks into pieces and/or shears material to be comminuted subsequently.The distal portion of hammer has projection alternately and depression.

In one aspect of the invention, hammer includes having the first first type surface and the installation portion of the second first type surface, and tool There is the homework department of outer surface and sunk surface.The outer surface of side is corresponding to the sunk surface of opposite side.The outer surface of opposite side Limiting nominal thickness, nominal thickness is more than the thickness between the first first type surface and the second first type surface, but the sunk surface of correspondence is with outer Thickness between the thickness extended between surface and the first first type surface and the second first type surface is roughly the same.

In a still further aspect thereof, hammer the homework department at frayed edges or distal portion into shape to connect by two first type surfaces Continuous recess and protrusion is stepped, thus provides wavy or undulatory hammer body.Transition between adjacent recessed and projection carries Supply face or the ladder engaged with material to be separated during operating.

In a still further aspect thereof, along the section thickness at frayed edges arbitrfary point less than the nominal thickness hammered into shape.

In a still further aspect thereof, close end has from the first first type surface of hammer to the second first type surface at installing hole The section thickness recorded.Distal portion has section thickness.The section thickness of distal portion is more than the section thickness of close end.

In a still further aspect thereof, the projection alternately that the first first type surface and the second first type surface are included in distal portion And depression.

In a still further aspect thereof, impact hammer includes the first first type surface, the second first type surface, close end and distal portion. Close end has installing hole, and installing hole extends through the first first type surface to the second first type surface and hammers mounting pin into shape to receive, thus will hit Hammer is installed to pulverizer.Distal portion has main striking face and has the frayed edges of multiple position, main striking face initial impact Material to be comminuted, frayed edges extrudes, breaks into pieces and/or shears material to be comminuted subsequently.Frayed edges includes along abrasion limit The projection alternately of edge and depression.Projection and depression extend inwardly toward close end from frayed edges.

In a still further aspect thereof, hammer includes a pair first type surface and connects the peripheral surface of first type surface.Hole extends Support pin through hammer and at each first type surface split shed to receive, support pin for being installed in pulverizer by hammer.The operation of hammer Portion or distal portion are away from described hole, and have projection and adjacent with the projection on the first first type surface recessed on the first major surface Fall into, described projection corresponding to the depression on the second first type surface and corresponding thereto, and, adjacent with the projection on the first first type surface Described depression corresponding to the projection adjacent with the described depression on the second first type surface and corresponding thereto.

According to a further aspect in the invention, hammer is included in the first relative first type surface of hammer and the second first type surface split shed Installing hole.Hammer has overall transverse gage and actual (real) thickness, and overall transverse gage is main by the first first type surface and second limiting hammer The surface of the spaced furthest on surface determines, and actual (real) thickness is horizontal less than overall at least significant fraction of the homework department of hammer Thickness.

In still another aspect of the invention, the stepped profile of hammer is process attribute and the material properties that hammer provides improvement. In casting process, the solidification of metal needs to cool down to be separated into restriction alloying component with enough speed have less desirable material genus The disadvantageous grainiess of property.It is cold that surface area, the metal volume of reduction and the section thickness increased in homework department improves convection current But speed, contributes to elastic metallurgical structure.

In a still further aspect thereof, the present invention includes pulverizer or crushing system, wherein pulverizer include swivel head, Surround the pulverizing chamber of swivel head and be pivotably coupled to multiple hammers of swivel head.Each hammer includes be positioned at opposite side One first type surface and the second first type surface, periphery, close end and distal portion.The close end of each hammer limits installing hole to receive hammer to install Pin, and distal portion of at least one hammer include being positioned at the first first type surface and the second first type surface each on ladder alternately and recessed Fall into.In a preferable configuration, pulverizing chamber includes material inlet and the anvil near material inlet, so that material to be comminuted Material is clashed at the beginning between anvil and impact hammer.

The homework department of hammer includes the part of the close frayed edges of frayed edges and hammer, and described part has to be treated for shock The main contact surface of the target material separated.Homework department is through frayed during operation, and is the part for loss of hammer.

Other aspects of the present invention, advantage and feature will hereinafter be described more specifically, and by according to this Bright disclosed the described in detail below of exemplary construction will become apparent to.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the front view of the pulverizer hammer of the illustrative embodiments according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the crushing system of the illustrative embodiments according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the front view of the rotating shredder head of the illustrative embodiments according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the perspective view of the rotating shredder head of Fig. 3 of the illustrative embodiments according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 is the front view of the pulverizer hammer of the illustrative embodiments according to the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the top view of the pulverizer hammer of the illustrative embodiments according to the present invention.

Fig. 7 is the side view of the pulverizer hammer of the illustrative embodiments according to the present invention.

Fig. 8 is the side view of the pulverizer hammer of the illustrative embodiments according to the present invention.

Fig. 9 is the bottom view of the pulverizer hammer of the illustrative embodiments according to the present invention.

Figure 10 is the front perspective view of the pulverizer hammer of the illustrative embodiments according to the present invention.

Figure 11 is the sectional view of pulverizer as shown in Figure 10 hammer.

Figure 12 is the front view of the pulverizer hammer of the illustrative embodiments according to the present invention.

Figure 13 is the front view of the pulverizer hammer of the illustrative embodiments according to the present invention.

Figure 14 is the rearview of the pulverizer hammer of the illustrative embodiments according to the present invention, wherein has transverse axis and indulges Axle.

Figure 15 is the front perspective view of the pulverizer hammer of the illustrative embodiments according to the present invention.

Figure 16 is the front perspective view of the pulverizer hammer of the illustrative embodiments according to the present invention, wherein pulverizer hammer There is the wall along frayed edges.

Figure 17 is the three-dimensional cross sectional view of the pulverizer hammer of the illustrative embodiments according to the present invention, wherein pulverizer The groove of hammer oriented frayed edges opening.

Detailed description of the invention

Material separation with shock material and is less part with the highest speed operating by the hammer in crushing system, to permit Permitted material to be for further processing in downstream process.Hammer is installed on head and rotates in housing.Target material is initially passed through The flat side of a hammer of the anvil near material inlet clashes into.Along with target material hammer frayed edges and the wall of crushing system between and Being clashed into by other hammers or clash into crushed, extruding between hammer, the size of target material is further decreased.Wall is by having out The heavy grill portion ground of mouth limits, and these openings allow material to leave when being small enough to through grid opening.Still with at a high speed Rotate hammer at material through out-of-date facing to grate extrusion, fragmentation, shearing target material.

Fig. 2 schematically depict exemplary industrial pulverizer or crushing system 10.The typical case of such crushing system Assembly includes material inlet (such as chute 12), and material 14 that is to be broken or that pulverize is introduced crushing chamber or pulverizing chamber by material inlet 16.Material 14 to be comminuted can be any desired size or shape.Material 14 is optionally and is being introduced into pulverizing chamber 16 Before through pretreatment, such as by heating, cool down, smash, packing etc..Material inlet 12 can include charging alternatively Roller or other facility, in order to promote material supply to pulverizing chamber 16, and/or control material 14 enters the speed of pulverizing chamber 16, And/or prevent material 14 from moving back up on chute 12.

It is swivel head 18 or rotating shredder head in pulverizing chamber 16.Although the present invention describes rotary body or rotating shredder Head, it is to be understood that, multiple rotary body configures, and can also be used for including plate-like rotary body, star-like rotary body, the tubular rotary body etc. of taking turns This crushing system.Rotating shredder head 18 equipped with according at least one of the present invention, preferred multiple hammers or pulverizer hammer into shape 22, hammer or Pulverizer hammer 22 is configured to rotate around axle or axis 20.Each hammer 22 includes being closely received installing hole or the peace installing axle 20 Dress eye.

Typically the structure to the frayed edges on counterweight reflects the circumference hammering the rotation around pin into shape.The circumference rotated is less than The curvature of grid, the curvature of grid is corresponding to having the circumference of the rotation of the swivel head of one group of hammer.Each hammer 22 independently can pivot Turn ground and be installed on swivel head, thus when swivel head 18 rotates, act on and hammer the centrifugal force of 22 into shape and order about each hammer and flex outward, become To each center of gravity hammered into shape far as possible from the position of rotation axis 20.

In the case of not having the material introduced in the housing of crushing system, the head with hammer rotates with running speed.? During operating, hammer generally rotates freely closely around mounting pin, has the least or does not have the sky vertically or horizontally moved Between.Under non-stress state, due to centrifugal force, hammer directly extends (because of the air in pulverizing chamber with the direction away from rotation axis Resistance has some changes).In response to the material of entrance crushing system, when hammer is facing to Cascade Impaction material, hammer is around installation Pin deflection and rotation.

By this way, when rotating shredder head 18 rotates, pulverizer hammer clashes into material 14 to be comminuted, and by hammer 22, the shock between anvil 24 and grid extrudes, smashes, shears material 14, to be opened by material fragmentation.Owing to pulverizer hammer 22 can revolve It is installed in mounting pin 32 with turning, may result in pulverizer hammer 22 because clashing into material to be comminuted with contacting of material 14 to be comminuted 14 and slow down or even rotate around pin.

The material pulverized produced can be by any one in the outlet 26 that pulverizing chamber is drawn from pulverizing chamber 16 row Go out.As in figure 2 it is shown, suitably outlet 26 may be disposed at the pulverizing bottom of locular wall, top and/or one side or the multi-lateral or grid 25 In.Then the material pulverized can be transported for collecting and/or processing further.

The most multiple application of these pulverizers, is worked into motor vehicles from china clay and pulverizes, create the multiple of wide scope Pulverizer configures.Fig. 3 illustrates an exemplary of shredder head 18.Rotating shredder head 18 includes by distance piece separated many Individual rotating disk 28, multiple rotating disks 28 are configured around drive shaft 20 and install.Although rotating shredder head can use any number of Rotating disk 28, but shredder head 18 includes 10 dishes 28 in the example shown.Dish 28 is installed securely relative to axle 20, such as by weldering Connect, mechanical connection etc. be rotated so that being rotated hour indicator 28 at axle 20 by external motor or other power source (not shown). Except providing in addition to interval action, distance piece also assist in protection axle 20 from due to the material 14 time crushed or with broken The damage that the contact of the fragment etc. of the pulverizer hammer 22 damaged causes.

Rotating shredder head 18 also includes that multiple hammer mounting pin 32, hammer mounting pin 32 extend between at least some rotating disk 28 And/or extend through the whole length of shredder head 18.Pulverizer hammer 22 is rotatably mounted in hammer mounting pin 32, thus pulverizes Machine hammer freely and independently can rotate around mounting pin.In the example described, shredder head 18 includes the circumference around rotating disk 28 Four mounting pins 32, and selected pins 32 that pulverizer hammer 22 is installed between each Adjacent pairs rotating disk 28 as shown in figure On.It should be understood that, according to concrete application, three, four or more hammer are mountable between adjacent disc.Although generally hammering into shape It is positioned such that shredder head is balance for rotating, but the specific distribution of hammer can be changed as required.

Mounting pin 32, pulverizer hammer 22 and rotating disk 28 can be constructed and arranged to so that, pulverizer hammer 22 is can not be complete Can rotate to the position between adjacent disc 28 when by material 14 and and then walk around material 14 until pulverizer hammer is being pulverized Can again flex outward under the effect of the rotation of head 18.In some embodiments, or extraly, 22 are hammered into shape when pulverizer Walk around or during through material 14 to be comminuted, pulverizer hammer 22 can in its mounting pin 32 lateral displacement, and have little vertical Move or there is no vertical motion.If desired, the various piece of crushing machine head 18 can relative to each other shape or be orientated, so that powder Broken machine hammer 22 can do 360 degree of rotations around its mounting pin 32 and not contact other mounting pins 32, drive shaft 20, other hammers 22 etc.. Alternately, the lobe on one or two in the first type surface in hole can make hammer be centrally placed between dish 28.

The shock of the present invention pulverizes hammer 22 as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 5-15.Hammer 22 has close end or installation portion 46 and far-end Portion or homework department 48.The close end 46 of hammer 22 can include loser 54.When there is loser 54, loser 54 is usually placed in along installation portion Periphery 42 on.Loser 54 can be used for helping operation and the movement of pulverizer hammer 22, pulverizer hammer can be extremely heavy and The most easy-operating.Generally, the homework department of hammer is outside, it is intended to complete more crushing operation, and installation portion is internal, its Hammer is installed to head.

The homework department 48 of hammer 22 includes the frayed edges 56 being positioned at the distal surface of periphery 42.When revolving with non-stress state When turning, frayed edges 56 faces outwardly and relative with grid 25.Frayed edges with grid together operation with comminution of material.Real at this Executing in mode, frayed edges 56 is defined as the convex arc of the remote edge along hammer 22.When pulverizer hammer rotates around mounting pin 32, As the shape of the frayed edges 56 of convex arc help prevent pulverizer hammer 22 and the wall of pulverizing chamber 16 or and anvil 24 between any Undesirable contact.The frayed edges of arch enables to the quality maximization of homework department thus increases hammer and rotate to clash into around pin Energy during material to be comminuted.The frayed edges of arch also allows for hammer and rotates required gap around mounting pin 32.Arch Frayed edges additionally provides the cooperation of same grid, with the material in broken supply effectively to machine.Frayed edges can be circle One section of circular arc, it is limited by a radius or is limited by multiple radiuses or continually varying arc.Arc is preferably by the center of curvature The radius of the center or neighbouring (that is, being located on or near rotation axis and the center of pin 32 of hammer) that are positioned at installing hole 50 limits. Alternately, frayed edges may be formed to have plane or irregular surface or part.Frayed edges can be by recessed through hammer into shape Fall into or groove interrupts.Frayed edges maybe can also have irregularly shaped for plane.

Pulverizer hammer 22 is the most plate-shaped hammer body 34 with installation portion 46 and homework department 48, and wherein installation portion 46 is used In being fixed in machine by hammer, homework department 48 is for key strike in machine and engages material to be comminuted.Installation portion 46 has There is the first first type surface 36 and the second first type surface 38 of the opposite side defining hammer.First first type surface 36 and the second first type surface 38 are substantially It is parallel to each other and limits thickness (that is, the vertical dimensions between the first and second first type surfaces) between the two.Ridge, projection, recessed Fall into and the like and can be formed at or be arranged in the first first type surface and the second first type surface or on the first first type surface and the second first type surface. Thickness between the first and second first type surfaces is it is not intended that these ridge, projection, depression and the like.The installation portion 46 of hammer 22 wraps Including and limit installing hole or opening 50, it is configured in shapes and sizes closely accommodate hammer mounting pin 32, with by pulverizer Hammer is rotatably attached to rotating shredder head 18.Installing hole generally extends to the second first type surface of hammer from the first first type surface 36 of hammer 38, and form the passage through hammer 22.The inner surface 52 of installing hole 50 is variable and is and desired mounting pin and rotation powder Broken suitable form, the most desired mounting pin and rotating shredder head are that pulverizer hammer is wanted used along.Install The inner surface 52 in hole 50 substantially outer surface with mounting pin matches.Inner surface 52 may be shaped such that installing hole 50 substantially Cylindrical.Alternately, the inner surface 52 of installing hole 50 can limit one or more curved surface, such as United States Patent (USP) No.8, and 308, Described in 094, this patent is herein incorporated with way of reference entirety.Longitudinal axis 44 is defined to the center of opening 50 and hammer Between center of gravity.

The shape of hammer is mainly limited by periphery 42, and periphery 42 extends between the first first type surface 36 and the second first type surface 38 And there is frayed edges 56.Periphery 42 is generally substantially perpendicular to the plane limited by the first first type surface 36 or the second first type surface 38 In at least one, or be approximately perpendicular to the first first type surface 36 and the second first type surface 38.Periphery generally includes multiple edge Part, including one or more curved edge parts, to limit the overall profile of hammer.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, The profile of hammer in the most bell, limits as being wider than the periphery 42 of installation portion by homework department in plan view.In this enforcement In mode, frayed edges bends from striking face 58 to tail surface 60.This shape can be different.Such as, another in the present invention In one embodiment, the distal portion of periphery 42 is made up of a series of linear faces intersected each other.

Periphery 42 includes the frayed edges 56 relative with grid, and guides striking face 58, guides striking face to face front With the material in impact supply to machine.Although guiding striking face 58 can have multiple orientation, but it showing the most greatly longitudinal axis The direction of line 44 extends.Striking face 58 is preferably general plane, but can have a rounding or other configuration.Tail surface 60 limits Second striking face or auxiliary striking face, to allow to grind off, at the leader of homework department 48, the reversible installation hammered into shape afterwards, but second Striking face it is not necessary to.Guide surface 58 is connected with leading end 57 and the tail end 59 of frayed edges 56 with tail surface 60.Guiding is hit Face of hitting substantially extends (direction of 44 extends i.e., generally about the longitudinal axis) from frayed edges 56 inward towards installing hole.Striking face 58 Towards the direction of rotation of rotating shredder head 18, the material supplied to machine to provide dull face to impact.The tail of frayed edges 56 Hold the tail surface 60 at 59 to allow at the leader of homework department 48 and grind off the reversible installation hammered into shape afterwards.

Pulverizer hammer 22 includes the shoulder 64 being positioned on first type surface 36,38.Shoulder is predominantly located near installing hole 50 the most same In the installation portion that frayed edges 56 separates.Shoulder can contact disc 28 maintain the position hammered into shape installing on axle 32.

The homework department 48 of hammer 22 includes being positioned at the depression 68 on first type surface 36,38 and projection 66.Depression 68 and projection 66 are excellent Select the most overlapping, but recess and protrusion can be overlapping in some embodiments.Projection and depression are mostly in homework department, And cave in towards surface 36 or 38 and frayed edges 56 opening.Homework department 48 includes being positioned at every side in the first side aa and the second side bb At least one depression 68.The first side aa and the second side bb of homework department 48 are limited by sunk surface cc and outer surface dd, and cave in table Face cc and outer surface dd with the first first type surface 36 of installation portion 46 and the second first type surface 38 generally facing equidirectional.Outer surface dd Limiting nominal thickness, nominal thickness is more than the thickness between the first first type surface 36 and the second first type surface 38.Nominal thickness is with outward Vertical dimension between the plane that surface dd is the most coplanar.Each outer surface dd and the depression on the opposite side of the homework department 48 of hammer Surface cc substantially transversely aligns.To be referred to as outside correspondence for every a pair in these laterally aligned outer surfaces and sunk surface Surface and sunk surface.The thickness between any pair in corresponding outer surface dd and sunk surface cc is equal to or less than first Thickness between first type surface 36 and the second first type surface 38.Arrange the most corresponding outer surface and sunk surface along homework department to make Obtaining homework department and have bigger nominal thickness, the actual (real) thickness in any position is equal to or less than the first of installation portion simultaneously Thickness between first type surface and the second first type surface.Such structure improves casting and hammers quality and the efficiency of especially steel casting hammer into shape.

Thus, the section thickness of distal portion is more than the section thickness of close end to increase the surface area in the homework department hammered into shape. Transition between projection and depression provides ladder, further grasping and engaged target material in the homework department of hammer, thus improves life Productivity and separation.The surface area of material it is available for, on one or two in the first type surface of pulverizer hammer by increase Additional edge advantageously acts as assisting striking face, and then improves the running efficiency that pulverizer is hammered into shape, including output density of material.Improve Material disintegrating by providing the effective classification to ferrous metal, non-ferrous metal and other materials, improve post processing.

Although in the first type surface of hammer, the formation of depression removes material from hammer, but by adding that extra material shock causes Work is hardened, and particularly the processing hardening at concave edges, deeper in extending to have the hammer body of potassium steel alloy by processing hardening Place.This makes the hammer body of bigger percent volume have the operative material characteristic of improvement.

In homework department, the projection 66 on first type surface 36 and first type surface 38 limits the nominal thickness of hammer.Preferably, the cross section of hammer Thickness is the biggest in difference or the regional change of hammer body.The face of recess and protrusion is preferably plane but it also may be curved surface or by Multiple planes are formed.The wall of depression typically comprises upstream wall 68a and downstream wall 68B, by it during operation relative to shock The orientation of face 58 or material flowing limits.Upstream wall and the downstream wall of each side of depression 68 are relative to each other.Upstream wall and downstream Wall can be to incline towards each other and separate on the direction of the bottom away from depression 68, or extends in parallel from the bottom of depression 68, Or there is other shapes.The upstream wall extending outwardly away from frayed edges 56 can be parallel, separation with downstream wall or assemble (such as, relative to the radially orientation of installing hole 50).Wall 68A and 68B mainly limits depression and by each depression from adjacent Projection is separately.

Projection 66 includes roof 66A, its spaced apart with frayed edges 56 and be in projection and hammer first type surface 36 or 38 it Between.Wall 66A is the transition being between the projection of differentiated levels and first type surface.Some walls being between recess and protrusion 68A and 68B forms ladder, and ladder is approximately perpendicular to the face of projection and depression.Some transition between adjacent recessed and projection are shapes Milder transition in the slope.U.S. Patent application No.13/789,031 disclose in more detail and include depression, ladder With the hammer of transition, entire contents is incorporated herein with way of reference.These multiple depressions and the like can be with according to the present invention Hammer used along.

Transition portion in the slope can be to provide any structure of the transition of more extending more gently from projection to adjacent recessed Type.Here, transition is extend to protrusion surface with protrusion surface from the bottom caved in plane surface with becoming obtuse angle.Again, Concave transition can be other configurations, such as, is not extend to rounded edges or the inclined-plane of the bottom of depression.Transition is away from abrasion limit Edge extends towards installation portion, and aligns preferably along the radius between frayed edges and hole.The edge on inclined-plane can be away from abrasion Edge 56 extends to be assembled.Concave transition at least some of the most preferably with depression upstream edge at formation obtuse angle, hammer surface.

Other configurations of recess and protrusion are also possible.Showing the hammer 22 ' with alternate configuration in Figure 15, it has The projection 66 separated by the tail ladder 68D of guide step 68C bent and bending being positioned in homework department 48 and depression 68.Ladder 68C and 68D extends towards the installation end 46 of hammer 22 ' away from frayed edges 56.During operation these transition with wall 68A and Mode grafting material similar for 68B.Hammer in this embodiment has the most similar in terms of manufacture with material joint Advantage.More preferably crystal grain is had than the non-staged hammer of similar nominal thickness with the hammer material that faster and evenly speed cools down Formed.

In another alternative embodiment similar to FIG. 10, wall 68A and 68B limits the significant portion of depression, its shape Become that incline towards each other and assemble extension in hammer from projection two faces.On the opposite side of hammer, the projection of each correspondence is big Part is limited by wall 68A and 68B, and wall 68A and 68B is formed and incline towards each other and assemble two faces extended away from depression.? In another alternative embodiment, each depression between adjacent protrusions can be limited by full curve.

Other changes many are feasible, and still fall within the scope of the present invention.Although accompanying drawing shows three Projection and depression are positioned on every side of hammer, but may be used without more or less of projection and depression.May be used without projection and depression The various combination of configuration.Such as, in another alternative embodiment, some transition between face are wall 68A and/or 68B, and And ladder 68C and/or 68D that some transition are bending.

In some cases, manufacture hammer make pulverizings cave in (i.e., mainly those in homework department) near or adjacent to Edge 42 but the most as shown in Figure 16 be favourable to rim openings.Hammer can be manufactured such that have thin-walled or partition 70, thin Wall or cut off 70 by edge 56 and depression separately so that and the frayed edges 56 spaced apart with frayed edges 56 of caving in is without projection And depression.Cut off or thin-walled 70 is shown as crossing over the nominal thickness 40 hammered into shape.Due to wall 70 relative thin, this embodiment can Obtain the advantage identical with the embodiment of Figure 10.Wall 70 also can be the most dual because of the lifting of the material hardness in thin-walled 70 Heat treatment or the hammer of impewdance matching.When installing and starting running, cut off and be worn away or quickly separate from hammer, thus at hammer The advantage providing depression during initial operation and in the whole service life of hammer.Although depression is opened at edge 56 the most at the very start Mouthful, but the on-stream all advantages being achieved depression.Alternately, as long as most depression extends only through the thickness of hammer A part is to provide enough intensity and reliability, and pulverizing depression just completely open (that is, running through full depth) can reach one Span (such as along frayed edges 56).

In an alternative embodiment, many advantages of the hammer with novelty can have wound as shown in Figure 17 The hammer of new property realizes.Hammer 100 has the first first type surface 136 and the second first type surface 138 of the opposite side limiting hammer, and in homework department The partially defined nominal thickness of largest interval 140 on surface 136 and 138.Hammer 100 includes and limits being configured to receive hammer to install The installing hole of pin or opening 150.The shape of hammer is mainly limited by periphery 142, and periphery 142 is main at the first first type surface 136 and second Extend between surface 138 and include frayed edges 156.

Pulverizer hammer 100 includes the groove 160 through hammer homework department 148, and groove 160 is along the big portion of the length of frayed edges 156 Separately mouth, and extend towards opening 150 away from frayed edges.Groove 160 is approximately along at the first first type surface 136 and the second first type surface The plane extended between 138.In a preferred embodiment, the first first type surface 136 and the second first type surface 138 are nonpitting, but It is that the first first type surface and the second first type surface can have the recess and protrusion on hammer 22 and 22 ' being similar to discuss before this.Groove 160 have laterally-graded 160A as shown in the figure, and it extends and not to striking face 158 opening along the length of frayed edges.Phase Ratio is in the hammer of standard, and described hammer has the thinnest cross section, and is given bigger surface area by groove.Groove makes the hammer can Cooling down equably on the thickness of hammer, thus solidification forming is restricted to have consistent material properties with running through whole hammer.Can Alternatively, groove is linear and length along frayed edges extends, and does not has the interruption of such as ladder.Alternately, groove is to place One or two striking face opening in frayed edges two ends.

Hammer 22 can include extra depression such as depression 62 (Fig. 1,5,10-12 and 15).Depression 62 is predominantly located at the peace of hammer In dress portion 46, it reduces the gross weight of hammer in the case of not having essentially decreased running effect.During operation, when hammer height When speed rotates, the material of far-end moves with the most higher speed compared to the material of installation portion and has bigger momentum. The impact impact that Quality Down at installation end 46 provides for hammer is limited, reduces at the end of the service life of hammer useless simultaneously The material abandoned.

The present invention is suitable to symmetrical and asymmetrical hammer.In a preferred embodiment, hammer into shape into as patent application publication US- Asymmetric hammer disclosed in 2014/0151475, the full content of this patent is herein incorporated with way of reference.At asymmetrical hammer In, periphery the frayed edges limited does not has the axis of symmetry, thus works as the hammer center of gravity around end rotation hour hammer compared to hammer Leading end is closer to the tail end (that is, the center of gravity of described hammer is at the rear of the corresponding center of gravity to counterweight) of hammer.So, hammer into shape and installing On pin, the direction of rotation along head rotates forward, with compared to counterweight between the guide portion and relative grid of frayed edges The bigger gap with bigger volume is provided.Under a load, owing to clashing into and frictional force, there is center of gravity asymmetric of deviation Hammer still may with same head rotate contrary direction rotate around pin, but load under receiving gap compared in similar load Under wider by the receiving gap that counterweight is provided.Asymmetric hammer preferably has bigger quality so that the center of gravity of hammer is away from master Striking face 58 shifts, but the present invention makes center of gravity compared to tail end closer in the asymmetric hammer of leading end being also in mass shift Useful.Figure 13 illustrates the asymmetrical hammer to counterweight 22A with superposition.Under non-stress state, the two hammer all passes through pin Suspention, thus center of gravity CG is overlapping and is in the underface at center of pin.The right guiding side of asymmetric hammer or front side reflect with The profile similar to counterweight described, but hammer can have any profile.Two hammers are all with reference to the same center of mounting pin 32.

The tail surface of asymmetric hammer has extra quality, and it makes center of gravity displacement so that center of gravity is compared to guiding side more to lean on Nearly caudal.So, hammer rotates forward on pin in the direction of rotation of head, and main striking face 58 is compared to the striking face to counterweight 58A shifts forward in the direction of rotation of head.Horizontal line TL the most vertically prolongs from longitudinal axis cross point at frayed edges Stretch.Frayed edges 56 be positioned at distance d away from horizontal line TL of the forward terminal 57 at the main striking face of asymmetric hammer_aCompared to counterweight On corresponding point 57A distance d away from horizontal line_sLonger.This provides for accommodating the wider of target material that is to be separated and that pulverize Opening or gap, and improve the efficiency of system.

Far-end or the homework department of hammer 22 can be distinguished by axis of pitch 47 with the near-end of hammer, and axis of pitch 47 is transversely to the machine direction axle Line also extends through center of gravity CG, but may be alternatively located at outside or the inner side of center of gravity, i.e. the division between installation portion and homework department is permissible Different modes limits, and can be different for different hammers.Axis of pitch can be straight line 47A or camber line 47B or its He configures, to provide the division of two parts.

Pulverizer hammer for crushing system field is generally constructed by the material of durable and forms, such as hardening agent Steel.The material being suitable to manufacture pulverizer hammer includes low-alloy steel or especially high manganese steel.The size of casting alloys steel assembly Technique can be cured limit, this separation that may result in alloying component in heavy castings and the deterioration of material character.Hammer, especially It is the hammer of low-alloy steel, is typically limited to about 5 inchs so that parts are during curing able to soon with uniformly Rate uniform cools down, and thus makes it solidify with homogeneous composition.During Technology for Heating Processing, hammer can be by completely, cool down rapidly Ability for obtain excellent mechanical attributes be crucial.Slower cooldown rate makes carbon and other compositions solidifying Period separates out from motlten metal.When foundry goods solidifies to center from outside, the concentration of these non-ferrous components is before curing along increasing Greatly.The center of foundry goods is final curing, thus has these non-ferrum element of higher concentration.Due to the effect of these elements, The crystal grain being formed at foundry goods center has different attributes with the crystal grain of casting exterior.This may result in toughness of material reduce, wear-resistant Damage property is deteriorated and the material cracking in center.The quickly cooling of foundry goods limits precipitation, thus non-ferrous components is in whole casting More uniformly it is distributed in part, thus there is more homogeneous structure and consistent material properties.During casting, use and there is increasing Big surface area and the mold comprising recess and protrusion of higher cooldown rate, can bring the material properties of improvement, and and then Pulverizer hammer for obtaining brings more preferable wear resistance and reliability.The faster cooldown rate of this design is the most significantly Have impact on the Quenching Treatment during heat treatment, and make material be hardened to the much bigger degree of depth, thus carry when foundry goods weares and teares For more preferable abrasion resistance far away.

In addition to the advantage of the relevant raising functioning efficiency hammered into shape except pulverizer disclosed herein, the pulverizer hammer of the present invention is also The advantage manufactured about it can be provided.Although the present invention pulverizer hammer depression and depression can be after casting machining and Become, but these features are preferably contained in the mold for being manufactured pulverizer hammer by motlten metal.It is positioned at the homework department of hammer Projection alternately and depression nominal thickness for hammering into shape homework department at provide the cross section reduced.The existence of depression increases hammer Surface area, itself so improve casting and heat treatment during cooling effect, thus produce consistent metallic crystalline structure with And hardening depth, especially for big set hammer (such as those thickness are at four inches or above hammer).The surface area increased makes It is configured to manufacture high-quality thicker hammer, especially steel hammer compared to tradition hammer in the case of not expendable material attribute. This make attribute be suitable to required application material select wider.

The hammer of the present invention can have the nominal thickness of 6 inches or bigger in the case of the most limited alloy decomposes. Such as, there is the gross thickness of 6 inches or the hammer of nominal thickness can have the ladder striding across on apparent surface and 5 English recorded that cave in Very little cross section.Stepped, corrugated configuration at operation end can provide the cross section less than 6 inch nominal thickness.Disclosed pulverizing The described characteristic Design of machine hammer is freezed for improving during casting process, heat treatment, solidify, is quenched, thus improve material and Mechanical performance and product reliability.

During operation, cooling is also key factor.During operation, hammer in pulverizer high speed rotating with applies separation The biggest shock required for target material and shearing force.In pulverizer, the frictional force between hammer and material produces heat and powder Operating temperature in broken machine can reach 300 DEG C or higher.The frayed edges producing maximal friction of hammer and homework department can be significantly Heating, this can reduce hardness and the efficiency clashing into target material hour hammer.

In the present invention, the forced convertion cooling when heat in hammer can be rotated by hammer is dissipated in hammer surface In the air of process.Projection and depression increase the surface area of hammer, and the heat of other forms of convection current cooldown rate and/or hammer Transfer rate also can be increased.The most also produced by the rugged surface of ladder and the hammer of projection formation and stride across hammer The turbulent flow on surface.This air turbulence can further improve convection current cooldown rate, reduces the operating temperature of hammer and material, thus Improve efficiency.

Some hammer materials show the tendency of flowing in certain circumstances.The recessed of recess is transitted to right angle from the projection of hammer The sharp edges fallen into easily forms usual less desirable feature.Under shock repeatedly, flat side of a hammer material can deform and deflection thus Producing partially or completely at the overhang that extends above of depression, this can limit the size of recessed openings or seal depression and hold Mouthful.This can reduce the amount of the material clashed into by the downstream edge caved in.Guide edge or the upstream edge of depression are repaiied from right angle Change milder transition into and can reduce the tendency forming these features.The probability that oblique transition configuration forms cornice is less, Especially for the hammer material with liquidity preference.

Although it should be appreciated that be disclosed that the selected embodiment that representational pulverizer is hammered into shape, but this area Those of ordinary skill is it is contemplated that the multiple modification of these embodiments, and these modification are without departing from the scope of the present invention.Currently The design of pulverizer disclosed herein hammer is available for manganese and alloy hammer type uses, and the hammer produced can be perfectly suitable for except gold Belong to the multiple pulverizing application pulverized and outside metal recovery.

Believe that the disclosure herein proposed comprises multiple different inventions with independent function.Although in these inventions Each of which discloses in its preferred form, but what multiple modification was equally possible, thus the specific embodiment party being disclosed and describing Formula is not to be construed as restrictive.Embodiment disclosed in each example restriction foregoing disclosure, but any one Example need not necessarily comprise all features or combination that may finally claim.Description has been recorded " one " or " first " unit The description of part or its equivalent includes one or more this element, has both required also to be not excluded for two or more this units Part.Further, for the counting word of recognition component, such as first, second or the 3rd, it is used to distinguish element, and is not offered as this The requirement of kind of element or the quantity that limits, be also not offered as ad-hoc location or the order of this element, unless otherwise clear and definite table State.

Claims (24)

1. for the hammer at crusher for crushing material, including:

Installation portion, described installation portion includes the first first type surface, the second relative first type surface and installing hole, and described installing hole laterally prolongs Extend through described installation portion and at the first first type surface and the second first type surface split shed to receive mounting pin, thus hammer is installed to powder On broken equipment, described installation portion has the first thickness, the horizontal expansion between the first first type surface and the second first type surface of the first thickness；

Homework department, described homework department is away from described installing hole and has the guide surface for clashing into material to be comminuted, relative tail Face, the frayed edges, the first side and second side relative with the first side that extend between described guide surface and described tail surface, the Side with the second side generally facing the direction identical with first first type surface and the second first type surface of described installation portion, wherein, first Side and the second side include projection alternately and depression, so that the general thickness of described homework department is more than the of described installation portion One thickness.

2. for the hammer at crusher for crushing material, including:

Close end, described close end includes the first first type surface, the second relative first type surface and installing hole, and described installing hole laterally prolongs Extend through hammer and at the first first type surface and the second first type surface split shed to receive mounting pin, thus by hammer installation to disintegrating apparatus On；

Distal portion, described distal portion have the guide surface for clashing into material to be comminuted, relative tail surface, at described guide surface and The frayed edges extended between described tail surface and the multiple recess and protrusion being positioned on the opposite side of described distal portion, wherein, Along the section thickness at described distal portion any point less than the nominal thickness hammered into shape.

3. for the hammer at crusher for crushing material, including:

Close end, described close end limits installing hole, and described installing hole extends through the first first type surface to the second first type surface to connect Receive hammer mounting pin, thus hammer is installed to disintegrating apparatus；

Distal portion, described distal portion has a guide surface for initially clashing into material to be comminuted, relative tail surface and facing Outer frayed edges, described frayed edges extends back from described guide surface, and described distal portion is by being positioned at described distal portion Recess and protrusion on every side of opposite side and stepped, thus limit undulatory distal portion.

4. for the hammer at crusher for crushing material, including:

Installation portion, described installation portion includes the first first type surface, the second relative first type surface and installing hole, and described installing hole is used for connecing Receiving mounting pin to be installed in pulverizer by hammer, described installation portion is limited to horizontal expansion between the first first type surface and the second first type surface The first thickness；And

Homework department, described homework department includes generally facing the first first type surface and the second first type surface equidirectional with described installation portion The first side and the second side, the first side and the second side in every side all include at least one outer surface and at least one sunk surface To limit at least one depression on the every side in described side, each described outer surface on side is recessed with on opposite side Substantially transversely aliging in sunken surface, the described outer surface on described side limits the general thickness of described homework department, described homework department General thickness more than the first thickness of described installation portion, and horizontal between any laterally aligned sunk surface and outer surface Thickness is equal to or less than the first thickness of described installation portion.

Hammer the most according to claim 4, wherein, described homework department includes the frayed edges faced outwardly.

6. according to the hammer described in any one in claim 1-3 or 5, wherein, described frayed edges does not cave in.

Hammer the most according to claim 6, wherein, described frayed edges and described depression are separated by thin-walled, so that institute State depression to separate with described frayed edges.

8. according to the hammer described in any one in claim 1-3 or 5, wherein, described projection and described depression are from described in each Side upwardly extends with described frayed edges joint.

9. according to the hammer described in any one in claim 1-3, wherein, in described projection each not with the institute on opposite side State projection overlapping.

10. according to the hammer described in any one in claim 1-3, wherein, described distal portion has minimum thickness, described minimum One of thickness described projection on one of opposite side records to the depression relative with the described projection on another opposite side, described Minimum thickness is less than the nominal thickness of hammer.

11. 1 kinds are used for the hammer at crusher for crushing material, including:

Installation portion, described installation portion includes the first first type surface, the second relative first type surface and installing hole, and described installing hole is used for connecing Receiving mounting pin to be installed in pulverizer by hammer, described installation portion is limited to horizontal expansion between the first first type surface and the second first type surface The first thickness；And

Distal portion, described distal portion have the main striking face for initially clashing into material to be comminuted, from described main shock towards The frayed edges faced outwardly of rear extension and with the first first type surface of described installation portion and the second first type surface generally facing phase Tongfang To the first side and the second side, described frayed edges includes that groove, described groove extend towards described installation portion away from described frayed edges, Described groove is approximately along the plane positioning extended between the first side and the second side.

12. hammers according to claim 11, wherein, do not cave in the first side and the second side.

13. according to the hammer described in claim 11 or 12, and wherein, described groove includes the guiding being generally adjacent to described main striking face Side, substantially relative with the described guiding side of described groove caudal and between described guiding side and described caudal extend one To opposite side, wherein, described groove has projection alternately and depression on the pair of opposite side.

14. according to the hammer described in any one in claim 11-13, wherein, described installation portion be limited to the first first type surface and The overall thickness of the fixed described distal portion of the first thickness of horizontal expansion between the second first type surface, the first side of described far-end and the second lateral spacing Degree, wherein, the general thickness of described distal portion is more than the first thickness of described installation portion, and the arbitrary continuation of described distal portion Transverse gage between part is equal to or less than the first thickness of described installation portion.

15. according to the hammer described in any one in claim 1-10 or 13-14, and wherein, each of described depression is by by institute State depression relative wall separate with adjacent protrusions to limit.

16. hammers according to claim 15, wherein, described relative wall is generally planar.

17. according to the hammer described in claim 15 or 16, and wherein, described relative wall extends outwardly away from each described depression along with it And be separated from each other.

18. according to the hammer described in any one in claim 1-3,5 or 11, and wherein, described frayed edges is positioned at apart from described On the surface that installing hole is farthest.

19. according to the hammer described in any one in aforementioned claim, and wherein, described hammer is approximately bell like.

20. according to the hammer described in any one in aforementioned claim, wherein, and the size of described installing hole and described hammer mounting pin Size substantially matching.

21. according to the hammer described in any one in claim 1-3, and wherein, described guide surface and described tail surface are interconvertible, To extend the life-span of described hammer.

22. 1 kinds of pulverizers for comminution of material, described pulverizer include swivel head, the pulverizing chamber surrounding described swivel head, Multiple according to the hammer described in any one in aforementioned claim and multiple mounting pin with by each described hammer pivotably Mode is attached to described swivel head.

23. pulverizers according to claim 21, wherein, described pulverizing chamber includes material inlet and near described material The anvil of entrance so that material to be comminuted between described anvil and described hammer by initial impact.

24. according to the pulverizer described in claim 21 or 22, and wherein, the inner surface of the described installing hole in described hammer is substantially Join the outer surface of described hammer mounting pin.