CN105915288B - A kind of Polarization Dependent Loss compensation system based on Raman amplifiction effect - Google Patents
A kind of Polarization Dependent Loss compensation system based on Raman amplifiction effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN105915288B CN105915288B CN201610394035.7A CN201610394035A CN105915288B CN 105915288 B CN105915288 B CN 105915288B CN 201610394035 A CN201610394035 A CN 201610394035A CN 105915288 B CN105915288 B CN 105915288B
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- polarization
- dependent loss
- polarization dependent
- raman amplifiction
- compensation system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2507—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion
- H04B10/2572—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to forms of polarisation-dependent distortion other than PMD
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
- G01M11/33—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter being disposed at one fibre or waveguide end-face, and a light receiver at the other end-face
- G01M11/337—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter being disposed at one fibre or waveguide end-face, and a light receiver at the other end-face by measuring polarization dependent loss [PDL]
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Polarization Dependent Loss compensation systems based on Raman amplifiction effect.It obtains the Polarization Dependent Loss of existing signal by certain detection means.The detection can be based on digital signal processing algorithm, can also the measurement based on optical parameter.Obtained Polarization Dependent Loss is converted into Stokes Vector.The Raman pump of a polarization is added in the input terminal of Transmission Fibers, the polarization direction (Stokes Vector) of the pumping controls consistent with the polarization direction of Polarization Dependent Loss (Stokes Vector) by Polarization Controller.The power for adjusting pumping causes the Polarization-Dependent Gain generated to compensate exactly for Polarization Dependent Loss.This method has the characteristics that following：Device is simple, loss is low, at low cost, can directly be compensated in transmission process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of polarization loss devices, are damaged more particularly, to a kind of polarization correlation based on Raman amplifiction effect
Consume compensation system.
Background technology
In optical fiber and optical device (such as coupler, isolator and erbium-doped fiber amplifier device), due to optical fiber and device
The physical characteristic of part in itself can cause to generate different losses to the input signal of different polarization states.This phenomenon is referred to as polarizing
Dependent loss (Polarization Dependent Loss, PDL), numerical value generally takes the difference of minimum and maximum loss,
PDL=10log10(Tmax/Tmin)
TmaxAnd TminThe minimum and maximum power by being received after device is represented respectively.
In cross-polarization multiplex system, the presence of Polarization Dependent Loss can influence the transmission capacity of system.Larger is inclined
The dependent loss that shakes can cause the digital signal processing algorithm such as constant modulus algorithm of current separation palarization multiplexing to fail, and greatly influence
The performance of system.This point is especially prominent in distance transmission system.Since optical signal will by a large amount of optical device and very
Long optical fiber, these Passive Optical Components all can there are certain Polarization Dependent Loss.It is related that larger polarization can be accumulated after superposition
Loss.In this way, PDL, which becomes photosystem, continues one of significant obstacle of development, it is necessary to be compensated by.
The Polarization Dependent Loss of optical signal can be obtained by certain detection means.It can to the detection of Polarization Dependent Loss
It, can also the measurement based on optical parameter to be based on digital signal processing algorithm.Such as polarization state random scanning method, typical case's knot
Structure is by the laser light source of a power stability, then is used for by the Polarization Controller of an automatically scanning deterministically or pseudo-
Different polarization states is generated at random, and the power of receiving terminal is finally measured by power meter.In these measured values, minimum and maximum work(
The difference of rate is exactly PDL.In document N.J.Muga and A.N.Pinto, " Digital PDL Compensation in 3D
Stokes Space are pointed out in 2013 "：After being transmitted by PDM-QPSK systems, star of the signal in Stokes Space is received
Seat figure center will deviate from coordinate axis origin.We can be believed by the distance of its planisphere center deviation coordinate axis origin with transmitting
Number intensity ratio calculate PDL.It can also be obtained by dense wavelength division multiplexing system, setting detectable signal by measuring
The statistical property and then calculating PDL of electric signal.
And for the compensation of PDL, it has been proposed that many methods.It can be arrived than devising one kind if any document in 0dB
The long-period fiber grating of PDL is adjusted in the range of 20dB, and the long-period fiber grating can make it by changing screen periods
It is different to the loss in different polarization direction.The optical signal in different polarization direction can be controlled to make it that phase be lost by this device
Together, the effect of PDL compensation is obtained.In document N.J.Muga and A.N.Pinto, " Digital PDL Compensation
In 3D Stokes Space, using the method for Digital Signal Processing in 2013 "：Signal after PDM-QPSK systems is led to
Matrixing is crossed, the center translation of signal planisphere in Stokes Space is made to return coordinate axis origin, and makes planisphere place
Plane is located at " s2-s3 " plane, so as to achieve the effect that compensate PDL.Signal has further been lost in the compensation method of these PDL,
Reduce the effect for restoring signal.The more or less Shortcomings of compensation method of more than PDL.Long-period gratings method needs dynamic to adjust
The period of whole grating adjusts wanted Polarization Dependent Loss, this can only compensate fixed Polarization Dependent Loss in practical applications.
Digital Signal Processing rule needs possess powerful digital signal processing chip in receiving terminal, and this compensation is located at receiving terminal,
Can not compensating polarizing dependent loss influenced for caused by power system capacity.
In a fiber there are Raman amplifiction effect, when pumping and signal are with polarization direction, gain is maximum, and pump and
When signal is orthogonal polarization orientation, gain 0.Therefore Polarization-Dependent Gain can be generated with polarized pump raman amplifier.I
Propose Transmission Fibers input terminal add in one polarization Raman pump, the polarization direction (Stokes Vector) of the pumping
It is controlled by Polarization Controller consistent with the polarization direction of Polarization Dependent Loss (Stokes Vector).Adjust the power of pumping
So that the Polarization-Dependent Gain generated is exactly equal to Polarization Dependent Loss, it can thus realize that Polarization Dependent Loss compensates.
Invention content
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide one kind is based on Raman amplifiction
The Polarization Dependent Loss compensation device of effect, the device is simple, at low cost, loss is low and can directly be mended in transmission process
It repays, can be influenced for caused by power system capacity with compensating polarizing dependent loss.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions：
As the first scheme, a kind of Polarization Dependent Loss compensation system based on Raman amplifiction effect, with transmitting device
Connection, transmitting device transmission optical signal, the compensation system includes Raman amplifiction device and Polarization Dependent Loss is supervised
Device is surveyed, the input terminal and output terminal of the transmitting device are connected to the input terminal of Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device, polarize
The output end signal of dependent loss monitoring device and the output terminal optical signal of transmitting device are respectively connected to Raman amplifiction device, draw
Graceful amplifying device generates Polarization-Dependent Gain by Raman amplifiction effect, to compensate the Polarization Dependent Loss of transmitting device generation,
And export optical signal.
The Polarization Dependent Loss of the Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device monitoring transmitting device generation is simultaneously converted to Si Tuo
Gram this vector.
As second scheme, a kind of Polarization Dependent Loss compensation system based on Raman amplifiction effect, with transmitting device
Connection, transmitting device transmission optical signal, the compensation system includes Raman amplifiction device and Polarization Dependent Loss is supervised
Device is surveyed, the input terminal of the transmitting device and the output terminal of Raman amplifiction device are connected to Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device
Input terminal, the output end signal of Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device and the output terminal optical signal of transmitting device are respectively connected to draw
Graceful amplifying device, Raman amplifiction device generate Polarization-Dependent Gain by Raman amplifiction effect, to compensate transmitting device generation
Polarization Dependent Loss, and export optical signal and feed back to Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device, form closed loop compensation.
In above two scheme, the polarization correlation that Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device monitoring compensation system generates is damaged
It consumes and is converted to Stokes Vector.
The Raman amplifiction device includes：
First optoisolator, input terminal are connect with transmitting device output terminal, are only allowed light one-way transmission, are prevented optical signal
Influence of the reverse transmission to photosystem；
Polarization Controller, the input terminal of the Polarization Controller connect with the output terminal of Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device
It connects, for controlling the polarization direction of pump laser according to the output signal of Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device；
The output terminal connection of pump laser, input terminal and Polarization Controller；
The optical signal of output terminal and the pump laser output of wavelength division multiplexer, input terminal and the first optoisolator is simultaneously
Connection；
The output terminal connection of Transmission Fibers, head end and wavelength division multiplexer, for generating Raman amplifiction effect, and then generates
Polarization-Dependent Gain；
Second optoisolator is connect with the end of Transmission Fibers, is exported optical signal, is only allowed light one-way transmission, prevent light
Inversely transmission has an impact Raman amplifiction to signal.
The polarization direction that Raman amplifiction device makes loss larger obtains gain, and then makes the polarization loss in different polarization direction
Identical, Polarization-Dependent Gain increases the energy of optical signal.
The Polarization Controller is Retardation Sheets Polarization Controller.
The Polarization Controller includes the quarter-wave plate, half wave plate and the quarter-wave that set gradually
Piece, wherein the retardation of each wave plate is fixed, relative angle is variable, and control principle is：First quarter-wave plate is arbitrary
Input polarization light is changed into linearly polarized light, this linearly polarized light is gone to any desired polarization direction by half wave plate,
The polarised light is become any output polarization state intentionally got by final second quarter-wave plate again.
The transmitting device includes multistage optical fiber, and fiber amplifier is equipped between every section of optical fiber.
The Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device carries out polarization correlation according to digital signal processing algorithm or optical parameter
Loss monitoring, digital signal processing method are：The received signal after optical system transmission, the star in Stokes Space
Seat figure center will deviate from coordinate axis origin, pass through the distance of its planisphere center deviation coordinate axis origin and the intensity of transmitting signal
The ratio between calculate Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL).
The present invention obtains the Polarization Dependent Loss of existing signal by certain detection means.The detection can be based on number
Signal processing algorithm, can also the measurement based on optical parameter.Obtained Polarization Dependent Loss is converted into Stokes Vector.
The Raman pump of a polarization is added in the input terminal of Transmission Fibers, the polarization direction (Stokes Vector) of the pumping is by inclined
Controller control of shaking is consistent with the polarization direction (Stokes Vector) of Polarization Dependent Loss.The power for adjusting pumping to produce
Raw Polarization-Dependent Gain compensates exactly for Polarization Dependent Loss.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages：
(1) Polarization Dependent Loss is monitored by Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device, and inclined using Raman amplifiction effect compensating
The polarization direction that the dependent loss that shakes makes loss larger obtains gain, and then makes the polarization loss in different polarization direction identical, polarization
Related gain increases the energy of optical signal, and device is simple, loss is low, at low cost, can directly be compensated in transmission process.
(2) compared with Digital Signal Processing, this method carries out PDL compensation during optical signal transmission, reduces number
The expense of signal processing chip.
(3) compared with long-period gratings method, this method utilizes ready-made pump laser, reduces the use of device, saves
About cost.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the loss balancing system structure diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 is the Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring principle schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 3 is the structure diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 4 is Polarization Controller structure diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is transmitting device structure diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.The present embodiment is with technical solution of the present invention
Premised on implemented, give detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
Following embodiments.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of Polarization Dependent Loss compensation system based on Raman amplifiction effect, connect with transmitting device 1,
Transmitting device 1 transmits optical signal, and compensation system includes Raman amplifiction device 2 and Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device 3, transmitting device
1 input terminal and output terminal are connected to the input terminal of Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device 3, Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device 3
The output terminal optical signal of output end signal and transmitting device 1 is respectively connected to Raman amplifiction device 2, and Raman amplifiction device 2 passes through
Raman amplifiction effect generates Polarization-Dependent Gain, to compensate the Polarization Dependent Loss of the generation of transmitting device 1, and exports optical signal.
Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device 3 monitors the Polarization Dependent Loss that transmitting device 1 generates and is converted to Stokes
Vector.
Raman amplifiction device 2 includes：
First optoisolator 21, input terminal are connect with 1 output terminal of transmitting device, are only allowed light one-way transmission, are prevented light
Signal inversely influence of the transmission to photosystem；
Polarization Controller 22, the input terminal of Polarization Controller 22 are connect with the output terminal of Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device 3,
For controlling the polarization direction of pump laser according to the output signal of Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device 3；
Pump laser 23, input terminal are connect with the output terminal of Polarization Controller 22；
The light letter of output terminal and pump laser 23 output of wavelength division multiplexer 24, input terminal and the first optoisolator 21
It number connects, is multiplexed simultaneously；
Transmission Fibers 25, head end are connect with the output terminal of wavelength division multiplexer 24, for generating Raman amplifiction effect, and then
Generate Polarization-Dependent Gain；
Second optoisolator 26, connect with the end of Transmission Fibers 25, exports optical signal, only allows light one-way transmission, prevents
Only inversely transmission has an impact Raman amplifiction to optical signal.
As shown in figure 4, Polarization Controller 22 be Retardation Sheets Polarization Controller, including set gradually quarter-wave plate,
Half wave plate and quarter-wave plate, wherein the retardation of each wave plate is fixed, relative angle is variable, and control principle is：The
Arbitrary input polarization light is changed into linearly polarized light by one quarter-wave plate, and half wave plate goes to this linearly polarized light
Any desired polarization direction, final second quarter-wave plate again by the polarised light become it is any intentionally get it is defeated
Go out polarization state.
As shown in figure 5, transmitting device includes multistage optical fiber, fiber amplifier is equipped between every section of optical fiber.
Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device 3 carries out Polarization Dependent Loss prison according to digital signal processing algorithm or optical parameter
It surveys, it, can be by measuring the center deviation Pa'anga of all subcarrier Stokes Vectors received in PDM-OFDM systems
The distance in the ball center of circle and the intensity ratio calculating PDL for receiving subcarrier.
As shown in Fig. 2, in PDM-QPSK systems, if there is no PDL and random birefringences in system, signal is received
For planisphere in Stokes Space as shown in Fig. 2 left figures, the center of planisphere is located at the origin of reference axis, S1, S2, S3
Reference axis is represented respectively；If there are PDL random birefringences in system, planisphere of the signal in Stokes Space is received
As shown in Fig. 2 right figures, the center of planisphere will deviate from coordinate axis origin.Its planisphere center deviation reference axis original can be passed through
The distance D of point and the intensity ratio of transmitting signal calculate PDL.
System Working Principle is as follows：
1) optical signal transmits in transmitting device 1.
2) optical signal passes through the first optoisolator 21.
3) Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device 3 passes through the input terminal of transmitting device 1 and output terminal detecting polarization dependent loss.
4) Polarization Dependent Loss detected is converted to Stokes Vector by Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device 3, feedback
To Polarization Controller 22.
5) Polarization Controller 22 controls the polarization direction of 23 output signal of pump laser.
6) 23 output signal of pump laser and optical signal are passed to wavelength division multiplexer 24 and are multiplexed together.
7) 23 output signal of pump laser and optical signal are passed to Transmission Fibers 25, and Transmission Fibers 25 generate Raman amplifiction effect
Should, and then Polarization-Dependent Gain is generated to optical signal, compensate the Polarization Dependent Loss generated in transmitting device 1.
8) optical signal is exported again by the second optoisolator 26.
Embodiment 2
As shown in figure 3, a kind of Polarization Dependent Loss compensation system based on Raman amplifiction effect, including Raman amplifiction device
2 and Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device 3.
As different from Example 1, the output terminal of the input terminal of transmitting device 1 and Raman amplifiction device 2 is connected to polarization
The input terminal of dependent loss monitoring device 3, the output of the output end signal and transmitting device 1 of Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device 3
End optical signal is respectively connected to Raman amplifiction device 2, and Raman amplifiction device 2 generates the related increasing of polarization by Raman amplifiction effect
Benefit to compensate the Polarization Dependent Loss of the generation of transmitting device 1, and exports optical signal and feeds back to Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device
3, form closed loop compensation；Backward pump laser 27 is increased to amplify optical signal.
Therefore, what Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device 3 monitored is the Polarization Dependent Loss that compensation system generates, with embodiment
1 compares, and loss balancing limit of consideration is more comprehensive, is a closed loop, dynamic compensation process.
Remaining is same as Example 1.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of Polarization Dependent Loss compensation system based on Raman amplifiction effect, connect, the transmission with transmitting device (1)
Device (1) transmits optical signal, which is characterized in that the compensation system includes Raman amplifiction device (2) and Polarization Dependent Loss
Monitoring device (3), the input terminal and output terminal of the transmitting device (1) are connected to Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device (3)
Input terminal, the output end signal of Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device (3) and the output terminal optical signal of transmitting device (1) connect respectively
To Raman amplifiction device (2), Raman amplifiction device (2) generates Polarization-Dependent Gain by Raman amplifiction effect, to compensate transmission
The Polarization Dependent Loss that device (1) generates, and export optical signal；
The Raman amplifiction device (2) includes：
First optoisolator (21), input terminal are connect with transmitting device (1) output terminal；
Polarization Controller (22), the input terminal of the Polarization Controller (22) are defeated with Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device (3)
Outlet connects, for controlling the polarization direction of pump laser according to the output signal of Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device (3)；
Pump laser (23), input terminal are connect with the output terminal of Polarization Controller (22)；
The light of output terminal and pump laser (23) output of wavelength division multiplexer (24), input terminal and the first optoisolator (21)
Signal connects simultaneously；
Transmission Fibers (25), head end are connect with the output terminal of wavelength division multiplexer (24), for generating Raman amplifiction effect, and then
Generate Polarization-Dependent Gain；
Second optoisolator (26) is connect with the end of Transmission Fibers (25), exports optical signal.
2. a kind of Polarization Dependent Loss compensation system based on Raman amplifiction effect according to claim 1, feature exist
In the Polarization Dependent Loss of the Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device (3) monitoring transmitting device (1) generation is simultaneously converted to Si Tuo
Gram this vector.
3. a kind of Polarization Dependent Loss compensation system based on Raman amplifiction effect according to claim 1, feature exist
In the Polarization Controller (22) is Retardation Sheets Polarization Controller.
4. a kind of Polarization Dependent Loss compensation system based on Raman amplifiction effect according to claim 1, feature exist
Include the quarter-wave plate, half wave plate and quarter-wave plate that set gradually in, the Polarization Controller (22).
5. a kind of Polarization Dependent Loss compensation system based on Raman amplifiction effect according to claim 1, feature exist
In the transmitting device includes multistage optical fiber, and fiber amplifier is equipped between every section of optical fiber.
6. a kind of Polarization Dependent Loss compensation system based on Raman amplifiction effect according to claim 1, feature exist
In the Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device (3) carries out polarizing related damage according to digital signal processing algorithm or optical parameter
Consumption monitoring.
7. a kind of Polarization Dependent Loss compensation system based on Raman amplifiction effect, connect, the transmission with transmitting device (1)
Device (1) transmits optical signal, which is characterized in that the compensation system includes Raman amplifiction device (2) and Polarization Dependent Loss
Monitoring device (3), it is related that input terminal and the output terminal of Raman amplifiction device (2) of the transmitting device (1) are connected to polarization
Be lost the input terminal of monitoring device (3), the output end signal of Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device (3) and transmitting device (1) it is defeated
Outlet optical signal is respectively connected to Raman amplifiction device (2), and Raman amplifiction device (2) generates polarization phase by Raman amplifiction effect
Gain is closed, to compensate the Polarization Dependent Loss of transmitting device (1) generation, and optical signal is exported and feeds back to Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring
Device (3) forms closed loop compensation；
The Raman amplifiction device (2) includes：
First optoisolator (21), input terminal are connect with transmitting device (1) output terminal；
Polarization Controller (22), the input terminal of the Polarization Controller (22) are defeated with Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device (3)
Outlet connects, for controlling the polarization direction of pump laser according to the output signal of Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device (3)；
Pump laser (23), input terminal are connect with the output terminal of Polarization Controller (22)；
The light of output terminal and pump laser (23) output of wavelength division multiplexer (24), input terminal and the first optoisolator (21)
Signal connects simultaneously；
Transmission Fibers (25), head end are connect with the output terminal of wavelength division multiplexer (24), for generating Raman amplifiction effect, and then
Generate Polarization-Dependent Gain；
Second optoisolator (26) is connect with the end of Transmission Fibers (25), exports optical signal.
8. a kind of Polarization Dependent Loss compensation system based on Raman amplifiction effect according to claim 7, feature exist
In the Polarization Dependent Loss of the Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device (3) monitoring compensation system generation is simultaneously converted to stoke
This vector.
9. a kind of Polarization Dependent Loss compensation system based on Raman amplifiction effect according to claim 7, feature exist
In the Polarization Controller (22) is Retardation Sheets Polarization Controller.
10. a kind of Polarization Dependent Loss compensation system based on Raman amplifiction effect according to claim 7, feature exist
Include the quarter-wave plate, half wave plate and quarter-wave plate that set gradually in, the Polarization Controller (22).
11. a kind of Polarization Dependent Loss compensation system based on Raman amplifiction effect according to claim 7, feature exist
In the transmitting device includes multistage optical fiber, and fiber amplifier is equipped between every section of optical fiber.
12. a kind of Polarization Dependent Loss compensation system based on Raman amplifiction effect according to claim 7, feature exist
In the Polarization Dependent Loss monitoring device (3) carries out polarizing related damage according to digital signal processing algorithm or optical parameter
Consumption monitoring.
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| CN106989852B (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2019-06-18 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of fibre optical sensor measuring stress direction |
| CN109560867B (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2022-05-17 | 富士通株式会社 | Method, device, receiver and communication system for monitoring polarization dependent loss |
| CN111366334B (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2022-05-13 | 海思光电子有限公司 | Method for determining polarization-dependent loss, detection system and optical signal transmission structure |
| CN109724634B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2022-01-18 | 武汉光谷互连科技有限公司 | Optical coherent receiving method with automatic polarization equalization |
| CN113810124B (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2023-07-07 | 富士通株式会社 | Polarization state tracking recovery method and device |
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| CN1432228A (en) * | 2000-08-18 | 2003-07-23 | 康宁股份有限公司 | Amplifier system with distributed and discrete raman fiber amplifiers |
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