CN105913895A - High-speed difference cable and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-speed difference cable and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105913895A CN105913895A CN201610415158.4A CN201610415158A CN105913895A CN 105913895 A CN105913895 A CN 105913895A CN 201610415158 A CN201610415158 A CN 201610415158A CN 105913895 A CN105913895 A CN 105913895A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- groups
- wire
- wrapped
- shielding layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/026—Alloys based on copper
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
- H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
- H01B11/06—Cables with twisted pairs or quads with means for reducing effects of electromagnetic or electrostatic disturbances, e.g. screens
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/0045—Cable-harnesses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/04—Flexible cables, conductors, or cords, e.g. trailing cables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
- H01B7/1805—Protections not provided for in groups H01B7/182 - H01B7/26
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
- H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Communication Cables (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-speed difference cable and a preparation method thereof. The high-speed difference cable comprises eight groups of signal wire pairs. Two groups of signal wires are stranded and then are arranged in the center of the cable. The two groups of signal wires are externally wrapped by a cabling tape layer I. The other six groups of signal wire pairs are stranded outside the cabling tape layer I. The six groups of signal wire pairs are externally wrapped by a cabling tape layer II. The cabling tape layer II is externally and reversely wrapped by an outer shielding layer I. The outer shielding layer I is externally wrapped by an outer shielding layer II. The outer shielding layer is externally covered by a sheath layer. The high-speed difference cable has the advantages that the structure is reasonable, the cost is low, the insulating performance and the pressing resistance are relatively good, the balance requirement of the electric performance and the cost is met, the preparation method is simple and easy to control, and the production efficiency of the cable is effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cable, especially relate to a kind of high speed differential cable and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Existing high speed differential cable is for price angle, general employing polyethylene foamed insulated cable structure, but along with improving constantly of frequency, especially arrive 15G or 20G, the electric property of this kind of cable is difficult to ensure that, so the high speed differential cable using low-density expanded microporous polytetra fluoroethylene-EPTEE around peplos insulating forms occur, but such cable price is sufficiently expensive, is commonly used in military applications.For the angle of serviceability, the cable insulation that polyethylene foamed insulated cable and low-density expanded microporous polytetra fluoroethylene-EPTEE insulate around peplos is softer, crushing resistance is poor, in cabling process, the biggest pair count cable stranding, easily cause the crimp of insulation core wire, thus affect the electric properties such as the characteristic impedance of cable, decay.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of rational in infrastructure, low cost, high speed differential cable with better pressure resistance and preparation method thereof.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of high speed differential cable, including eight groups of holding wires pair, cable central authorities it are located at after two groups of holding wire centering are stranded, these two groups of holding wires are externally surrounded with stranding belting layer I, remaining six groups of holding wire centering is stranded in outside stranding belting layer I, and these six groups of holding wires are externally surrounded with the outer opposite direction of stranding belting layer II, stranding belting layer II and are surrounded with external shielding layer I, it is surrounded with external shielding layer II, external shielding layer II outside external shielding layer I and is coated with restrictive coating.
Above-mentioned holding wire is to including the both threads core that is arranged side by side, the outer wrapped wired internal screen layer I of this both threads core, line opposite direction wrapped wired internal screen layer II outer to internal shield I, line is to being provided with ground wire between internal shield I and core, and core is made up of inner wire and the insulating barrier that is coated on outside inner wire.
Above-mentioned stranding belting layer I is non-woven fabrics, and stranding belting layer II is polyester belt, and external shielding layer I is aluminium-plastic tape, and external shielding layer II is that tin-plating round copper wire braiding forms, and restrictive coating is flame-proof polyvinyl chloride resin.
Above-mentioned inner wire is silver-plated circular copper wire, and insulating barrier is sintering polytetrafluoroethylfilm resin, and line is aluminium-plastic tape to internal shield I, and line is self-adhesion polyester belt to internal shield II, and ground wire is tin-plating round copper wire.
The preparation method of above-mentioned high speed differential cable, comprises the following steps:
(1) outside silver-plated circular copper wire inner wire, push sintering polytetrafluoroethylfilm resin formation insulating barrier, obtain core；
(2) being placed in parallel on parallel belting machine with a tin-plating round copper wire ground wire by both threads core, and ground wire is placed in the middle of both threads core, the most wrapped one layer of aluminium-plastic tape formation line is to internal shield I, and the aluminum of this aluminium-plastic tape is towards interior and ground contact；Online the wrapped one layer of self-adhesion polyester belt of opposite direction outer to internal shield I forms line to internal shield II, wrapped complete after be sintered with hot air apparatus, obtain holding wire pair；
(3) by two groups of holding wires to being placed on cable-former, stranded after outside it wrapped layer of non-woven fabric formed stranding belting layer I；Again by other six groups of holding wire strands outside stranding belting layer I, the most wrapped strata ester band of these six groups of holding wires forms stranding belting layer II；
(4) forming external shielding layer I at the stranding belting layer II wrapped one layer of aluminium-plastic tape of outer opposite direction, the aluminum of this aluminium-plastic tape faces out；Knit out metal net layer at external shielding layer I external tin-plating round copper wire and form external shielding layer II；
(5) outside external shielding layer II, push flame-proof polyvinyl chloride resin formation restrictive coating, complete the preparation of cable.
In above-mentioned steps (1), the dielectric constant of sintering polytetrafluoroethylfilm resin is 1.5-1.8.
In above-mentioned steps (3), the thickness of non-woven fabrics is less than 0.15mm, and the thickness of polyester belt is less than 0.03mm.
The invention have the advantage that the high speed differential cable of the present invention is rational in infrastructure, low cost, there is preferable insulating properties and crushing resistance, meet the balance requirement of electric property and price, and its preparation method is simple and easy to control, it is possible to be effectively improved the production efficiency of cable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
With detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, inner wire, 2, insulating barrier, 3, ground wire, 4, line to internal shield I, 5, line to internal shield II, 6, stranding belting layer I, 7, stranding belting layer II, 8, external shielding layer I, 9, external shielding layer II, 10, restrictive coating.
Detailed description of the invention:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of high speed differential cable, including eight groups of holding wires pair, often group holding wire is to including the both threads core that is arranged side by side, the outer wrapped wired internal screen layer I4 of this both threads core, line opposite direction wrapped wired internal screen layer II5 outer to internal shield I4, line is to being provided with ground wire 3 between internal shield I4 and core, and core is made up of inner wire 1 and the insulating barrier 2 that is coated on outside inner wire 1；Cable central authorities it are located at after two groups of holding wire centering are stranded, these two groups of holding wires are externally surrounded with stranding belting layer I6, remaining six groups of holding wire centering is stranded in outside stranding belting layer I6, these six groups of holding wires are externally surrounded with stranding belting layer II7, the outer opposite direction of stranding belting layer II7 is surrounded with external shielding layer I8, it is surrounded with external shielding layer II9, external shielding layer II9 outside external shielding layer I8 and is coated with restrictive coating 10.
In the present invention, inner wire 1 is silver-plated circular copper wire, and the proportioning of yellow gold material is: copper 95-99.5%, silver 0.5-5%；Insulating barrier 2 is sintering polytetrafluoroethylfilm resin, its dielectric constant is 1.5-1.8, crimp it is difficult in cabling process, there is mechanical performance and the electric property of excellence, impedance stability can improve more than 1%, full frequency band decay indices averagely can improve more than 0.5dB/10m, and cost can be saved about 50%；Line is aluminium-plastic tape to internal shield I4, can effectively prevent the leakage of cable internal signal in signals transmission, can also stop external electromagnetic waves that internal signal is produced interference simultaneously；Line is self-adhesion polyester belt to internal shield II5；Ground wire 3 is tin-plating round copper wire；Stranding belting layer I6 is non-woven fabrics；Stranding belting layer II7 is polyester belt；External shielding layer I8 is aluminium-plastic tape；External shielding layer II9 is that tin-plating round copper wire braiding forms；Restrictive coating 10 is flame-proof polyvinyl chloride resin.
The preparation method of high speed differential cable of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) at silver-plated circular copper wire inner wire 1 outer pushing sintering polytetrafluoroethylfilm resin formation insulating barrier 2, core is obtained；
(2) both threads core is placed in parallel on parallel belting machine with a tin-plating round copper wire ground wire 3, and ground wire 3 is placed in the middle of both threads core, the most wrapped one layer of aluminium-plastic tape forms line to internal shield I4, the aluminum of this aluminium-plastic tape contacts towards interior with ground wire 3, to ensure good shielding and ground connection performance；The wrapped one layer of self-adhesion polyester belt of opposite direction outer to internal shield I4 forms line to internal shield II5 online, wrapped complete after be sintered with hot air apparatus, obtain holding wire pair, sintering makes self-adhesion polyester belt closely be coated on outside aluminium-plastic tape, be possible not only to prevent holding wire to loose, it is also ensured that holding wire between there is good insulating properties；
(3) by two groups of holding wires to being placed on cable-former, stranded after outside it wrapped layer of non-woven fabric formed stranding belting layer I6, the thickness of non-woven fabrics be less than 0.15mm, most preferably 0.11mm；Again by other six groups of holding wire strands outside stranding belting layer I6, the most wrapped strata ester band of these six groups of holding wires forms stranding belting layer II7, the thickness of polyester belt is less than 0.03mm, most preferably 0.025mm, both can ensure that the stability of the construction of cable after stranding, can ensure that again the flexibility of cable after stranding；
(4) forming external shielding layer I8 at the stranding belting layer II7 wrapped one layer of aluminium-plastic tape of outer opposite direction, the aluminum of this aluminium-plastic tape faces out；Knitting out metal net layer at external shielding layer I8 external tin-plating round copper wire and form external shielding layer II9, double-layer shielding structure both can ensure that good shielding properties, is possible to prevent again extraneous electromagnetic signals that internal signal is produced interference；
(5) outside external shielding layer II9, push flame-proof polyvinyl chloride resin formation restrictive coating 10, complete the preparation of cable；Wherein, the Hardness Control of flame-proof polyvinyl chloride resin, at 80-82A, the most both ensure that cable pliability, can guarantee that again good fire resistance.
Claims (7)
1. a high speed differential cable, it is characterized in that: include eight groups of holding wires pair, cable central authorities it are located at after two groups of described holding wire centering are stranded, these two groups of holding wires are externally surrounded with stranding belting layer I, remaining six groups of described holding wire centering is stranded in outside stranding belting layer I, these six groups of holding wires are externally surrounded with stranding belting layer II, the outer opposite direction of described stranding belting layer II is surrounded with external shielding layer I, it is surrounded with external shielding layer II, described external shielding layer II outside described external shielding layer I and is coated with restrictive coating.
High speed differential cable the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described holding wire is to including the both threads core that is arranged side by side, the outer wrapped wired internal screen layer I of this both threads core, described line opposite direction wrapped wired internal screen layer II outer to internal shield I, described line is to being provided with ground wire between internal shield I and core, and described core is made up of inner wire and the insulating barrier that is coated on outside inner wire.
High speed differential cable the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described stranding belting layer I is non-woven fabrics, described stranding belting layer II is polyester belt, described external shielding layer I is aluminium-plastic tape, described external shielding layer II is that tin-plating round copper wire braiding forms, and described restrictive coating is flame-proof polyvinyl chloride resin.
High speed differential cable the most according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described inner wire is silver-plated circular copper wire, described insulating barrier is sintering polytetrafluoroethylfilm resin, described line is aluminium-plastic tape to internal shield I, described line is self-adhesion polyester belt to internal shield II, and described ground wire is tin-plating round copper wire.
5. the preparation method of the high speed differential cable as according to any one of Claims 1-4, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) outside silver-plated circular copper wire inner wire, push sintering polytetrafluoroethylfilm resin formation insulating barrier, obtain core；
(2) being placed in parallel on parallel belting machine with a tin-plating round copper wire ground wire by both threads core, and ground wire is placed in the middle of both threads core, the most wrapped one layer of aluminium-plastic tape formation line is to internal shield I, and the aluminum of this aluminium-plastic tape is towards interior and ground contact；Online the wrapped one layer of self-adhesion polyester belt of opposite direction outer to internal shield I forms line to internal shield II, wrapped complete after be sintered with hot air apparatus, obtain holding wire pair；
(3) by two groups of holding wires to being placed on cable-former, stranded after outside it wrapped layer of non-woven fabric formed stranding belting layer I；Again by other six groups of holding wire strands outside stranding belting layer I, the most wrapped strata ester band of these six groups of holding wires forms stranding belting layer II；
(4) forming external shielding layer I at the stranding belting layer II wrapped one layer of aluminium-plastic tape of outer opposite direction, the aluminum of this aluminium-plastic tape faces out；Knit out metal net layer at external shielding layer I external tin-plating round copper wire and form external shielding layer II；
(5) outside external shielding layer II, push flame-proof polyvinyl chloride resin formation restrictive coating, complete the preparation of cable.
Preparation method the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: in described step (1), the dielectric constant of sintering polytetrafluoroethylfilm resin is 1.5-1.8.
Preparation method the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: in described step (3), the thickness of non-woven fabrics is less than 0.15mm, and the thickness of polyester belt is less than 0.03mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610415158.4A CN105913895A (en) | 2016-06-15 | 2016-06-15 | High-speed difference cable and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610415158.4A CN105913895A (en) | 2016-06-15 | 2016-06-15 | High-speed difference cable and preparation method thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105913895A true CN105913895A (en) | 2016-08-31 |
Family
ID=56750866
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610415158.4A Pending CN105913895A (en) | 2016-06-15 | 2016-06-15 | High-speed difference cable and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105913895A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107633920A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-01-26 | 湖州久鼎电子有限公司 | A kind of production technology of VR virtual realities high speed connecting line |
| CN114023507A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-02-08 | 上海天诚通信技术股份有限公司 | Coaxial cable, high-speed direct-connection cable and manufacturing process of high-speed direct-connection cable |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2833809Y (en) * | 2005-10-26 | 2006-11-01 | 苏州科宝光电科技有限公司 | High frequency data communication cable |
| CN101887784A (en) * | 2010-07-01 | 2010-11-17 | 江苏宇航特种线缆有限公司 | Manufacture method of high speed differential cable |
| US20110048764A1 (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-03-03 | Yoshinogawa Electric Wire & Cable Co., Ltd. | High frequency extrafine pair cable and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN202976994U (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2013-06-05 | 江苏亨通线缆科技有限公司 | Low-latency high-speed data cable |
| CN103943270A (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2014-07-23 | 江苏通光电子线缆股份有限公司 | Novel microwave cable and preparing method thereof |
| CN104538127A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2015-04-22 | 中国西电集团公司 | Cable core seamless belt coating device and method |
-
2016
- 2016-06-15 CN CN201610415158.4A patent/CN105913895A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2833809Y (en) * | 2005-10-26 | 2006-11-01 | 苏州科宝光电科技有限公司 | High frequency data communication cable |
| US20110048764A1 (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-03-03 | Yoshinogawa Electric Wire & Cable Co., Ltd. | High frequency extrafine pair cable and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN101887784A (en) * | 2010-07-01 | 2010-11-17 | 江苏宇航特种线缆有限公司 | Manufacture method of high speed differential cable |
| CN202976994U (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2013-06-05 | 江苏亨通线缆科技有限公司 | Low-latency high-speed data cable |
| CN103943270A (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2014-07-23 | 江苏通光电子线缆股份有限公司 | Novel microwave cable and preparing method thereof |
| CN104538127A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2015-04-22 | 中国西电集团公司 | Cable core seamless belt coating device and method |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107633920A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-01-26 | 湖州久鼎电子有限公司 | A kind of production technology of VR virtual realities high speed connecting line |
| CN114023507A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-02-08 | 上海天诚通信技术股份有限公司 | Coaxial cable, high-speed direct-connection cable and manufacturing process of high-speed direct-connection cable |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106057284B (en) | Aviation 1394b data bus cables and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103354107A (en) | Phase-regulated cable for spaceflight, and method for preparing same | |
| CN105788706A (en) | Aerospace-used star quad communication cable and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN204066868U (en) | The extraordinary LVDS Signal transmissions cable of a kind of aviation | |
| CN105913895A (en) | High-speed difference cable and preparation method thereof | |
| CN108417301B (en) | Medium-voltage water tree-resistant crosslinked polyethylene insulated power cable and production process thereof | |
| CN202650631U (en) | Cable for aerospace | |
| CN202816421U (en) | Minitype soft super-light data transmission cable | |
| CN205845525U (en) | Aviation 1394b data bus cable | |
| CN202150302U (en) | Anti-electromagnetic interference shielded cable | |
| CN205911026U (en) | High -speed difference cable | |
| CN203325493U (en) | High-speed multimedia data cable | |
| CN204066807U (en) | Electromagnetism interference flexible cable | |
| CN202384060U (en) | Ultra-light cable for aerospace | |
| CN203325532U (en) | Indoor multimedia communication data cable | |
| CN203192440U (en) | Novel computer cable | |
| CN206628291U (en) | A kind of shield type multi-in-line | |
| CN203325487U (en) | High-definition multimedia data cable having shielding function | |
| CN203966672U (en) | A kind of low-k eight class cables | |
| CN208127389U (en) | A kind of new structural parallel double conducting wire cable | |
| CN204143952U (en) | Shield type communication data cable | |
| CN108242583A (en) | A kind of test method of the internal transmission delay differences of parallel double conducting wire cable and its line of new structure | |
| CN204516473U (en) | Parallel signal is to USB3.1 cable | |
| CN204229881U (en) | A kind of Novel variable frequency cable | |
| CN204332446U (en) | A kind of mouse bite preventing and fire-resistant flat unit cable |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20160831 |