CN105912750B - A kind of wet desulfuration tower dynamic Characteristic Simulation generalization modeling method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of wet desulfuration tower dynamic Characteristic Simulation generalization modeling methods, it establishes wet ammonia process and wet desulfurization of flue gas by limestone-gypsum method tower dynamic characteristic general mathematical model by researching and analysing the technological design and reaction process of desulfurizing tower in different flue gas desulphurization systems.The emulation of both sulfur methods can simply be switched in desulfurizing tower model, independent operating, meet the emulation demand to different sulfur removal technologies, have more practicability compared to single method desulfurization model.Compared with prior art, the present invention uses the modularization modeling method based on control volume, simulates desulfurizing tower dynamic operation overall process, calculates the dynamic parameters such as control body temperature, pressure, pH value, SO2 concentration, desulfurization degree.The present invention is using Thermal Power Station's desulfurizing tower as simulation object, multiple Dynamic Simulating Test has been carried out to model, the dynamic characteristic of the correct simulated object of simulation run result, it was demonstrated that the correctness of model, versatility, the model can be used for the simulating developer of wet desulfurization system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Simulation and Modeling Technology fields, and in particular to a kind of wet desulfuration tower dynamic Characteristic Simulation generalization is built
Mould method.
Background technique
As atmosphere pollution is on the rise now, environmental protection concept has been rooted in the hearts of the people.Country is to air contaminant treatment
Dynamics continues to increase, and especially proposes strict requirements to coal-burning power plant's pollutant emission.Power industry is coal-fired main body, by
It is still the first big pollution sources that China's sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and dust generate in the coal-smoke pollution that fire coal generates, fires
Coal power station be still desulfurization emphasis and leading industry.Present fired power generating unit generally installs desulphurization system, right to meet country
The SO of fired power generating unit2The requirement of discharge standard.Desulfurizing tower is as absorption dress mostly important in entire desulphurization system operational process
Set, its operating status normally whether directly affect desulphurization system outlet SO2Can concentration up to standard.It needs to study its dynamic spy thus
Property and its influence factor, and by founding mathematical models realize numerical simulation method, for analyzing its operation characteristic and its shadow
The factor of sound improves desulfuration efficiency and economy, improves the ability that operations staff operates level and processing unusual service condition, there is its uniqueness
Superiority.
Indispensable, most important running gear of the desulfurizing tower as entire desulphurization system, the dynamic modeling of desulfurizing tower are
Complete one of the important process of entire desulphurization system emulation.For desulfurizing tower since structure is complicated, inner material reacts more, desulfurizing tower
Interior substance two-phase flow is unordered, and the dynamic Characteristic Simulation generalization model for establishing desulfurizing tower is more difficult.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of wet desulfuration tower dynamic Characteristic Simulation generalization modeling method,
To solve the problems, such as that the dynamic Characteristic Simulation generalization model of the existing technology for establishing desulfurizing tower is more difficult.
In order to solve the above technical problems, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
To realize correct simulation of the model built to desulfurizing tower dynamic characteristic, the structure to desulfurizing tower, internal gas-liquid are needed
Two-phase flow, heat and mass and absorbing reaction process etc. are modeled.For this purpose, needing to fully consider during module design
The otherness of the factors such as Structure of Flue Gas Desulfuration Absorbing parameter, Liquid Flow, mass-and heat-transfer, running environment and its influence to operation characteristic,
In order to which reasonable model boundary condition and influence factor can be designed than more comprehensive mathematical model, with the emulation of implementation model
Generalization.
The desulfurizing tower internal structure, physical properties of fluids of different height, flowing, heat and mass, concentration of component, reaction from top to bottom
There are apparent differences for mechanism etc., and for this structure and operation characteristic, desulfurizing tower module uses segmentation modeling, the effect of segmentation
Each from top to down section of intrinsic parameter of desulfurizing tower is calculated first is that realizing, can get the fortune of different parts in desulfurizing tower dynamic running process
Row parameter；Second is that meeting General design, structural parameters in model can be modified in each segmentation and working medium interface reality being added
The possible working medium of existing different parts flows in or out.
A kind of wet desulfuration tower dynamic Characteristic Simulation generalization modeling method, it includes the following steps:
Step 1: according to structure in desulfurizing tower and operation characteristic, segmentation modeling being carried out to desulfurizing tower；
Step 2: calculating rate and energy absorption or the rate of releasing that substance in each segmentation is generated or consumed；
Step 3: calculating the temperature and fume side of fume side and the temperature of absorbing liquid side and absorbing liquid side in desulfurizing tower
Pressure；
Step 4: calculating desulfurizing tower integrally external heat dissipation capacity.
Wherein, fume side, which refers to from flue gas, enters desulfurizing tower to the entire flue gas flow of discharge, and absorbing liquid side refers to absorption
Liquid is sprayed from spray equipment enters desulfurizing tower to the whole flow process for flowing to desulfurizing tower bottom liquid level；Flue gas and absorbing liquid are respective
Process in contact when react, individual flow when not contacting, in this way design facilitate calculating.
In step 1, the segmentation refers to is divided into desulfurizing tower four sections from top to bottom, comprising: neat stress exclusive segment, demisting
Device and spray equipment design segments, gas liquid two-phase flow and chemical main reaction section and former smoke inlet section and reactant circulation, oxygen
Change and be discharged section.
In step 2, the formula for calculating the rate of generation or the consumption of substance in each segmentation is as follows:
Wherein, in formula (1), subscript i indicates a kind of substance；Subscript j indicates substance location section；Mi,jIt indicates in j section section
The quality of the material composition, MriIndicate the molal weight of substance i；Q indicates the volume flow of total material in the section, and C is indicated should
In section in total material, the concentration of the material composition；D τ indicates to calculate time step；RreactI, jIndicate component i in section j
Interior reaction generates or the rate of consumption；LI, jIndicate the evaporation rate of the water in section j, LI, jMiddle subscript i indicates moisture in gas phase
When L is addedI, j?.
Wherein, LI, jThe generation or consumption of moisture are indicated when calculating, but there are two kinds of forms for water: gas phase and liquid phase；Gas phase is deposited
It is that fume side, liquid phase are present in absorbing liquid side.In this formula, if i indicates to indicate in fume side when moisture in gas phase
The vaporous water timesharing contained is added in formula and calculates, this is equal to zero to other situations, is equivalent to and does not calculate.
In=step 2, the formula for calculating the rate of absorption or the releasing of each segmentation self-energy is as follows:
Wherein, in formula (2), subscript i indicates a kind of substance；Subscript j indicates substance location section；H indicates the object in the section
The energy of matter component, W indicate the mass flow of the material composition section Nei；hI, jIndicate the specific enthalpy of the substance i in section j；
RreactI, jIndicate that component i reacts the rate for generating or consuming in section j；LI, jIndicate the evaporation speed of the water in section j
Rate, LI, jMiddle subscript i indicates that L is added when moisture in gas phaseI, j?；EI, jIndicate that the reaction of the substance i in section j generates heat；Cp
Indicate substance specific heat at constant pressure；R indicates the latent heat of vaporization of water, αDIndicate the contact area between section；Δ t is indicated in the section
Drop evaporates the temperature difference；kI, jIndicate the coefficient of heat transfer of the substance i in section j；TjIndicate the mean temperature in section j.
In this model, the contact area between each section is configured to identical, but may be set to be with the variation according to j and become
Change.
In step 3, the formula of fume side and the pressure of absorbing liquid side in desulfurizing tower is calculated are as follows:
Wherein, in formula (3) and (4), M indicates the quality of the side substance, and d τ indicates to calculate time step；Subscript g indicates cigarette
Gas side parameter, subscript l indicate absorbing liquid side parameter；Subscript in and out respectively indicate inlet and outlet parameter； LwaterIndicate table
Show the mass flow of absorbing liquid side moisture evaporation, WairIndicate oxidation air mass flow, WlnewIndicate the fresh absorption work of supplement
Mass flow amount, WfwIndicate technique water flow.
In step 3, the formula of fume side and the temperature of absorbing liquid side in desulfurizing tower is calculated are as follows:
Wherein, in formula (5) and (6), H indicates that the energy of the side substance, d τ indicate to calculate time step；Subscript air is indicated
Oxidation air, subscript g indicate fume side parameter, and subscript l indicates absorbing liquid side parameter；T indicates temperature LwaterIt indicates to absorb
The mass flow of liquid side moisture evaporation；W indicates mass flow；Subscript in and out respectively indicate inlet and outlet parameter；Subscript fw
Indicate process water；Cp indicates substance specific heat at constant pressure；The latent heat of vaporization of r expression water；Subscript air indicates oxidation air；Subscript g1,
G2, l1 and l2 respectively indicate flue gas side-entrance, flue gas side outlet, absorbing liquid side-entrance and absorbing liquid side outlet；Δ t indicates the side
Drop evaporate the temperature difference；ΔEloss1With Δ Eloss2It respectively indicates fume side and absorbing liquid side is externally radiated.
In step 4, the calculation formula of the whole externally heat dissipation capacity of desulfurizing tower are as follows:
Wherein, in formula (7), Δ ElossIndicate the whole externally heat dissipation of desulfurizing tower, Δ Eloss1With Δ Eloss2Respectively indicate flue gas
Side and absorbing liquid side are externally radiated；kg,srAnd kl,srFume side and absorbing liquid side are respectively indicated to the coefficient of heat transfer of tower wall；αTIt indicates
Heat exchange area；WithRespectively indicate the mean temperature of fume side and absorbing liquid side；TenvIndicate environment temperature.
This model can also calculate pH value in desulfurizing tower, SO2The parameters such as concentration and desulfurization degree.Calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein, in formula (8),Indicate SO2The molar concentration of component,It is SO2Concentration generate or wear rate,
D τ indicates to calculate time step.
Real-time pH value uses moment H+Concentration directly calculates:
Wherein, in formula (9), CH+Indicate H in solution+Molar concentration.
Desulfurization degree η calculation formula:
In formula,Respectively indicate SO contained by flue gas import and export2Standard state under concentration.
To realize module generalization, when parameter that designs a model, need to consider the correct analogue simulation of desulfurizing tower under different objects.
Therefore, parameter can be set to structure class parameter, basic parameter and operating parameter three categories, as shown in the table.Parameter can lead to
It crosses and considers other factors suitably to increase to improve the versatility of desulfurizing tower module.Different objects are accordingly arranged, modify correlation
Parameter is, it can be achieved that desulfurizing tower module operation characteristic matches with practical object.
The parameters such as partial size and fault setting are related to for spray droplet, have profession mature research and calculation formula.Though
It does not refer to so, but can be jointly used in programming with technical solution of the present invention together in the present invention.
The utility model has the advantages that
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantage that
The present invention is established by researching and analysing the technological design and reaction process of desulfurizing tower in different flue gas desulphurization systems
Wet ammonia process and wet desulfurization of flue gas by limestone-gypsum method tower dynamic characteristic general mathematical model.It is de- to both in desulfurizing tower model
The emulation of sulphur method can simply switch, independent operating, meet the emulation demand to different sulfur removal technologies, compare single method desulfurization
Model has more practicability.Compared with prior art, the present invention uses the modularization modeling method based on control volume, simulates desulfurizing tower
Dynamic operation overall process calculates the dynamic parameters such as control body temperature, pressure, pH value, SO2 concentration, desulfurization degree.The present invention is with heat
Power power plant desulfurizing tower is simulation object, has carried out multiple Dynamic Simulating Test to model, and simulation run result is correctly simulated pair
The dynamic characteristic of elephant, it was demonstrated that the correctness of model, versatility, the model can be used for the simulating developer of wet desulfurization system.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Structure of Flue Gas Desulfuration Absorbing and stepwise schematic views in embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is desulfurization modelling and calculation flow chart in embodiment 1.
Specific embodiment
According to following embodiments, the present invention may be better understood.However, as it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that real
It applies content described in example and is merely to illustrate the present invention, without sheet described in detail in claims should will not be limited
Invention.
Embodiment 1
Model hypothesis: for convenient for calculating, the operational process and theory analysis of synthesis desulfurating tower are carried out mathematical model following
Assuming that: SO in flue gas2Mass transfer rate with absorbing liquid is by air film and liquid film controlled；Entire chemical reaction is completed in liquid film；It is de-
Even droplet distribution on any interface of sulphur tower, size is identical, remains spherical shape in drop dropping process；Gas-liquid two in desulfurizing tower
It is mutually One-Dimensional flows；Substance ionization moment under drop and thionizer liquid level completes；The mixing moment of substance completes under liquid level.
Desulfurizing tower absorbing reaction model: there are two types of the wet desulphurization modes of this modeling, is ammonia process and lime stone-respectively
Gypsum.Sweetening process will pass through the intermediate reaction step of a series of complex, two kinds of basic chemical equations of sulfur method are as follows:
(1) ammonia process:
SO2+H2O+(NH4)2SO3→2NH4HSO3Formula (11)
NH3+NH4HSO3→(NH4)2SO3Formula (12)
(2) limestone-gypsum method:
SO2Absorbing reaction is carried out in liquid film, since absorbing reaction is fast reaction, SO in liquid phase main body2It is soluble in
Water, it is believed that in absorbing liquid side SO2Concentration be zero, absorb unreacted SO2All H is converted into water2SO3, absorbed from gas side
SO2For long response time, rate is controlled by mass transfer equation:
In formula (14),For SO2Absorption rate, mol/ (m3·s)；For SO in gas phase2Partial pressure, Pa；For
SO in liquid phase2Concentration, mol/m3；For SO2Henry'S coefficient, (Pam3)/mol；αAFor the gas-liquid specific surface area of desulfurizing tower,
m2/m3；kGFor SO2Gas phase mass transfer coefficient, mol/ (m2·.s.·Pa)。
It needs to consider CO in limestone-gypsum method2Absorption rate, mass transfer equation are as follows:
In formula (15),For CO2Absorption rate, mol/ (m3·s)；For CO2Henry'S coefficient, (Pa m3)/
mol；For SO in gas phase2Partial pressure, Pa；For CO in liquid phase2Concentration, mol/m3；kLFor CO2Gas phase mass transfer coefficient, mol/
(m2·.s.·Pa)。
Material composition concentration calculation in reaction process: MaterialBalance Computation is made to any material composition:
In formula (16), CiIndicate the concentration of i component, mol/m3；∑NiBe the component middle concentration generate or wear rate,
mol/(m3·s)。
Component and pH meter calculate model in drop: substance is carried out in reaction process with molecule or ionic condition, but essence
Being ion is being combined with each other reaction, therefore in model, to each ion building differential equation to calculate ion concentration in solution, then
Each material concentration in solution is calculated according to ionization relational expression.It, can be dynamic with differential equation under the initial parameter of given object
The ion concentration and pH value at state operational process each moment.
SO in solution2Absorb the differential equation are as follows:
Ion differential equation general-purpose type can state are as follows:
In formula (18), substance or ion cluster λ ionization are cation λ+and anion λ-, and C is ion concentration, unit mol/
m3； KλIndicate the dissociation constant of λ, unit mol/m3.With HSO3 -The differential equation is writeable for ion are as follows:
Real-time pH value uses moment H+Concentration directly calculates:
Oxidation, crystallization computation model: for ammonia process and desulfurization method of limestone-gypsum, the oxidation under liquid level is mainly pair
HSO3 -And SO3 2-Oxidation, by both ion conversions be stable SO4 2-Ion, oxidation rate:
In formula (21), ROXFor oxidation rate, mol/ (m3·s)；KOXFor oxidation rate constant, m-1.5/(mol0.5·s)。
Using limestone-gypsum method, the crystallization and discharge that consider gypsum under liquid level are also needed；And because of hydrogen sulfate when using ammonia process
The highly dissoluble of ammonium does not consider to crystallize.The crystalline rate of gypsum:
Rgy=Kgy·(RSgy- 1) formula (22)
kgy=1.1 × 10-4·AgyFormula (23)
In formula (22) and (23), RgyFor gypsum crystallization rate, mol/ (m3·s)；KgyFor gypsum crystallization rate constant,
mol/(m3·s)；RSgyIndicate gypsum relative saturation degree；LgyFor the gypsum dissolution equilibrium constant, 20.33mol2/m6；AgyIndicate single
Gypsum particle surface area in the bulk solution of position, m2/m3。
Desulfurizing tower quality and energy model: quality and energy balane in desulfurizing tower are divided into two steps: the first step calculates each section
Quality and energy, segmentation calculate to improve operational precision and obtain each section intrinsic parameter；Second step is calculated in all sections and is tied
Mass and energy balance calculating is carried out to entire desulfurizing tower after beam, to calculate the correlations such as ensemble average temperature, pressure in desulfurizing tower
Parameter.
The generation or consumption of reactive material in each section, and droplet surface water are considered between section in material mass calculating
The evaporation divided, computing differential equation:
In formula (24), subscript i indicates something component；Subscript j indicates substance location section；M indicates something in the section
The quality of component, kg；MriIndicate the molal weight of something, kg/mol；Q indicates volume flow, m3/s；C indicates the dense of substance
Degree, mol/m3；D τ indicates to calculate time step, s；Rreacti,jIndicate component i reacted in section j generate or consumption
Rate is equal to zero, kg/s if being not engaged in reaction；Li,jIndicate the evaporation rate of water droplet in the section, kg/s, i indicate gas phase
L is added when middle moisturei,j?.
The energy balane differential equation between section:
In formula (25), H indicates the energy of something component in this section, kJ；W indicates the mass flow between section, kg/s；
hi,jIndicate the specific enthalpy of something in section, kJ/kg；Ei,jIndicate that reaction generates heat, kJ/kg；Cp indicates substance specific heat at constant pressure,
kJ/(kg·℃)；R indicates the latent heat of vaporization of water, kJ；αDContact area between the section of expression desulfurizing tower, m2；Δ t indicates the area
Drop in section evaporates the temperature difference, K；ki,jThe coefficient of heat transfer between section, kW/ (m2·K)；TjThe mean temperature of section, K.
Between section after quality, energy balane, the EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS of quality and energy need to be carried out to entire desulfurizing tower, it is de- to obtain
The relevant parameters such as sulphur tower entirety gas-liquid two sides temperature, pressure.Using entire desulfurizing tower as research object, gas phase and liquid side quality are flat
Weigh accounting equation:
In formula (26) and (27), subscript g indicates fume side parameter；Subscript l indicates absorbing liquid side parameter；LwaterIt indicates to absorb
The mass flow of liquid side moisture evaporation, kg/s；WairIndicate oxidation air mass flow, kg/s；WlnewIndicate the fresh suction of supplement
Receive working medium flow, kg/s；WfwIndicate technique water flow, kg/s.
Integral energy changes in desulfurizing tower are as follows: energy inside input desulfurizing tower energy-desulfurizing tower output energy=desulfurizing tower
Amount, is respectively as follows: with the energy balane equation of this gas phase and liquid phase two sides
In formula, subscript g indicates fume side parameter；Subscript l indicates absorbing liquid side parameter；Subscript in, out respectively indicate into
Mouth, outlet parameter；Subscript fw indicates process water；tg1、tg2、tl2、tl2Fume side, absorbing liquid side out temperature are respectively indicated,
℃；ΔEloss1、ΔEloss2Respectively indicate fume side, absorbing liquid side is externally radiated, kJ/s.
Desulfurizing tower is that sectional is not calculated with extraneous heat dissipation calculation method, is entirety with desulfurizing tower, in desulfurizing tower entirety
After energy balane, desulfurizing tower gas-liquid two sides mean temperature is calculatedAfterwards according to equation:
In formula, kg,sr, kl,srIt respectively indicates flue gas, absorb the coefficient of heat transfer of the working medium side to tower wall, kW/ (m2·K)；αTTable
Show heat exchange area, m2,It respectively indicates flue gas, absorb working medium side mean temperature, K；TenvIndicate environment temperature, K.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of wet desulfuration tower dynamic Characteristic Simulation generalization modeling method, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps:
Step 1: according to structure in desulfurizing tower and operation characteristic, segmentation modeling being carried out to desulfurizing tower；
Step 2: calculating rate and energy absorption or the rate of releasing that substance in each segmentation is generated or consumed；
Step 3: calculating the temperature and fume side of fume side and absorbing liquid side and the pressure of absorbing liquid side in desulfurizing tower；
Step 4: calculating desulfurizing tower integrally external heat dissipation capacity；
Wherein,
In step 1, the segmentation refers to is divided into desulfurizing tower five sections from top to bottom, comprising: neat stress exclusive segment, demister and
Spray equipment design segments, gas liquid two-phase flow and chemical main reaction section and former smoke inlet section and reactant circulation, oxidation and
Section is discharged；
In step 2, the formula for calculating the rate of generation or the consumption of substance in each segmentation is as follows:
Wherein, in formula (1), subscript i indicates a kind of substance；Subscript j indicates substance location section；Mi,jIndicate the substance in j section
The quality of component, MriIndicate the molal weight of substance i；Q indicates the volume flow of total material in the section, and C is indicated in the section
In total material, the concentration of the material composition；D τ indicates to calculate time step；RreactI, jIndicate that component i reacts in section j
The rate for generating or consuming；LI, jIndicate the evaporation rate of the water in section j, LI, jMiddle subscript i indicates to be added when moisture in gas phase
LI, j?；
In step 2, the formula for calculating the rate of absorption or the releasing of each segmentation self-energy is as follows:
Wherein, in formula (2), subscript i indicates a kind of substance；Subscript j indicates substance location section；H indicates the substance group in the section
The energy divided, W indicate the mass flow of the material composition section Nei；hI, jIndicate the specific enthalpy of the substance i in section j；
RreactI, jIndicate that component i reacts the rate for generating or consuming in section j；LI, jIndicate the evaporation speed of the water in section j
Rate, LI, jMiddle subscript i indicates that L is added when moisture in gas phaseI, j?；EI, jIndicate that the reaction of the substance i in section j generates heat；Cp table
Show substance specific heat at constant pressure；R indicates the latent heat of vaporization of water, αDIndicate the contact area between section；Δ t indicates the liquid in the section
The drop evaporation temperature difference；kI, jIndicate the coefficient of heat transfer of the substance i in section j；TjIndicate the mean temperature in section j；
In step 3, the formula of fume side and the pressure of absorbing liquid side in desulfurizing tower is calculated are as follows:
Wherein, in formula (3) and (4), M indicates the quality of the side substance, and d τ indicates to calculate time step；Subscript g indicates fume side
Parameter, subscript l indicate absorbing liquid side parameter；Subscript in and out respectively indicate inlet and outlet parameter；LwaterIt indicates to absorb
The mass flow of liquid side moisture evaporation, WairIndicate oxidation air mass flow, WlnewIndicate the fresh absorption working medium stream of supplement
Amount, WfwIndicate technique water flow；
In step 3, the formula of fume side and the temperature of absorbing liquid side in desulfurizing tower is calculated are as follows:
Wherein, in formula (5) and (6), H indicates that the energy of the side substance, d τ indicate to calculate time step；Subscript air indicates oxidation
Air, subscript g indicate fume side parameter, and subscript l indicates absorbing liquid side parameter；T indicates temperature, LwaterIndicate absorbing liquid side water
Divide the mass flow of evaporation；W indicates mass flow；Subscript in and out respectively indicate inlet and outlet parameter；Subscript fw indicates work
Skill water；Cp indicates substance specific heat at constant pressure；The latent heat of vaporization of r expression water；Subscript air indicates oxidation air；Subscript g1, g2, l1
Flue gas side-entrance, flue gas side outlet, absorbing liquid side-entrance and absorbing liquid side outlet are respectively indicated with l2；Δ t indicates the liquid of the side
The drop evaporation temperature difference；ΔEloss1With Δ Eloss2It respectively indicates fume side and absorbing liquid side is externally radiated；
In step 4, the calculation formula of the whole externally heat dissipation capacity of desulfurizing tower are as follows:
Wherein, in formula (7), Δ ElossIndicate the whole externally heat dissipation of desulfurizing tower, Δ Eloss1With Δ Eloss2Respectively indicate fume side and
It externally radiates absorbing liquid side；kg,srAnd kl,srFume side and absorbing liquid side are respectively indicated to the coefficient of heat transfer of tower wall；αTIndicate heat exchange
Area；WithRespectively indicate the mean temperature of fume side and absorbing liquid side；TenvIndicate environment temperature.
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