CN105910387B - 一种从焦炉煤气制lng中回收冷量的工艺装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种从焦炉煤气制lng中回收冷量的工艺装置及方法 Download PDF

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CN105910387B
CN105910387B CN201610322376.3A CN201610322376A CN105910387B CN 105910387 B CN105910387 B CN 105910387B CN 201610322376 A CN201610322376 A CN 201610322376A CN 105910387 B CN105910387 B CN 105910387B
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heat exchanger
lng
cold
coke
reboiler
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CN105910387A (zh
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孙林
苏理林
刘家洪
黄勇
汪贵
白宇恒
龙海洋
田静
郑颖
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China National Petroleum Corp
China Petroleum Engineering and Construction Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0223—H2/CO mixtures, i.e. synthesis gas; Water gas or shifted synthesis gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0252—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/74—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the partially condensed overhead gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/14—Coke-ovens gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/04—Recovery of liquid products
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/12—External refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop

Abstract

本发明公开了一种从焦炉煤气制LNG中回收冷量的工艺装置及方法，装置包括脱氢塔、LNG回流泵、同轴压缩膨胀机、分液罐和换热器，其中：所述换热器依次与脱氢塔、LNG回流泵、同轴压缩膨胀机和分液罐连接；脱氢塔顶进料口依次与换热器和LNG回流泵连接。本发明的积极效果是：采用富氢气冷量回收+膨胀机制冷从焦炉煤气制LNG装置中回收冷量，利用从焦炉煤气中脱除的低温富氢气为LNG和混合冷剂提供部分冷量，同时复热后的富氢气经过节流膨胀再次进入换热器提供冷量，直至常温进入同轴压缩膨胀机。该工艺装置流程简单，相应换热器只增加两股流道，操作简单，可大大节省冷剂压缩机组功耗，还可根据下游需求，灵活处置富氢气。

Description

一种从焦炉煤气制LNG中回收冷量的工艺装置及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及在焦炉煤气制LNG过程中一种从焦炉煤气制LNG装置里回收冷量的工艺装置及方法，特别针对用于中小型富含氮气煤气制LNG的装置及方法。
背景技术
焦炉煤气是炼焦的副产品，其主要成分是甲烷、氢气、氮气，是一种良好的化工原料和高热值燃料。大规模的焦炉煤气直接排放，不仅困扰企业和政府，同时浪费大量可用资源。为了解决中小企业焦炉煤气综合利用的问题，将焦炉煤气中甲烷和氢气有效成分作为两种资源加以利用。是实现焦炉煤气的综合利用和下游产品的多元化，从根本上治理环境、解决企业困境的必然选择。其中甲烷生产LNG，在生产LNG过程中，非甲烷组分携带大量冷量，做好该部分冷量的回收利用，减少混合冷剂压缩机组的功耗，提高焦炉煤气制LNG的可行性和收益。
目前制LNG工艺技术主要有：阶式制冷工艺、混合冷剂制冷工艺和膨胀制冷工艺。混合冷剂制冷大大简化了液化单元，提高了操作可靠性、灵活性，强化系统的能量利用，从而实现低能耗、低投资的目的。与阶式制冷相比，混合制冷工艺能以较小的压缩机功耗来获得更低温位的冷量（-160℃）。尤其是含有大量氢气和氮气的焦炉煤气制LNG的场合，工艺气中非甲烷组分携带大量低温位能量，若不加以回收利用，大量的冷量，即冷剂压缩机组功耗利用率大大降低。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺点，本发明提供了一种从焦炉煤气制LNG中回收冷量的工艺装置及方法，能充分利用非甲烷组分携带的大量冷量，减少冷剂压缩机功耗和冷剂压缩机投资，具有能耗低、能量利用合理完全、冷剂压缩机组投资低、操作灵活、流程简单等优点。
本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种从焦炉煤气制LNG中回收冷量的工艺装置，包括换热器、同轴压缩膨胀机、分液罐、脱氢塔和重沸器，其中：换热器的第一出口与同轴压缩膨胀机的压缩端进口连接，换热器的第二出口与同轴压缩膨胀机的膨胀端进口连接，同轴压缩膨胀机的膨胀端出口与换热器的第一冷流流道连接；换热器的第三出口与分液罐的进口连接，分液罐的气相出口与换热器的第二冷流流道连接，分液罐的液相出口与脱氢塔的上部进口连接，脱氢塔的气相出口与换热器的进口连接，脱氢塔的下部出口与重沸器的下部进口连接，重沸器顶部壳程气相出口与脱氢塔塔釜进口连接，脱氢塔的液相出口和重沸器的底部壳程液相出口均与换热器的冷流入口连接，换热器的第一热流出口与脱氢塔的中部进口连接；换热器的第二热流出口依次与节流阀和换热器的冷流进口连接；换热器的第三热流出口与重沸器的管程进口连接，重沸器的管程出口与换热器的热流进口连接。
本发明还提供了一种从焦炉煤气制LNG中回收冷量的工艺方法，包括如下步骤：压力为2MPa.a、温度为38℃的净化焦炉煤气与制冷剂在换热器中预冷至-25℃后，作为重沸器的热源，经过重沸器降温至-65℃后进入换热器，冷却至-125℃后进入脱氢塔，与脱氢塔上部的LNG逆流接触吸收进行传热传质；重沸器顶部壳程气相返回脱氢塔塔釜，进行两相分离，其中液相约-110℃与重沸器液相一起进入换热器过冷至-160℃，然后经节流降压后成为合格的LNG产品；压力为1.85MPa.a、温度为-130℃的脱氢塔塔顶气相不凝气，进入换热器冷却冷凝至-165℃后进入分液罐进行两相分离，液相进入脱氢塔，压力为1.82MPa.a、温度为-165℃的气相富氢气作为低温位冷源进入换热器，复热至-110℃后进入同轴压缩膨胀机膨胀至200kPa.a，-169.2℃，然后再次进入换热器换热，直至富氢气复热至35℃后出换热器。
与现有技术相比，本发明的积极效果是：换热器新增两个冷流流道，通过将低温位的富氢气通入新增流道的换热器，为LNG和混合冷剂提供冷量，同时复热后的富氢气经过膨胀机膨胀制冷降温后，再次进入新增流道的换热器再次提供冷量，直到复热至35℃。直至非甲烷组分所携带的冷量全部回收利用。其中同轴膨胀压缩机成熟可靠，与其他单纯采用混合冷剂制冷不回收冷量工艺相比，混合冷剂压缩机组轴功率减少约2300kW、混合冷剂循环量大大减少、投资较少、制造工期短、减少占地面积，同时增大混合冷剂压缩机组国产化，使得本发明的工程总投资大幅下降；能量利用完全，在保证LNG产品热值的前提下，将焦炉煤气中的甲烷组分尽可能的全部回收，制成LNG，解决远距离输送问题，液化后的天然气体积缩小600多倍，为天然气远距离输送创造了条件。同时LNG进简单汽化装置后就可以变成气态使用，克服了长途铺设管线耗资大，覆盖地区有限的条件。回收冷量后，焦炉煤气制LNG项目的综合能耗大大降低，同时远远高于焦炉煤气制甲醇等项目的能量利用率。
附图说明
本发明将通过例子并参照附图的方式说明，其中：
图1 为本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
一种从焦炉煤气制LNG中回收冷量的工艺装置，如图1所示，包括：换热器1、同轴压缩膨胀机2、分液罐3、LNG回流泵4、脱氢塔5、节流阀6、重沸器7等，其中：
换热器1的第一出口8与同轴压缩膨胀机2的压缩端进口连接，换热器1的第二出口9与同轴压缩膨胀机2的膨胀端进口连接，同轴压缩膨胀机2的膨胀端出口与换热器1的第一冷流流道10连接；换热器1的第三出口12与分液罐3的进口连接，分液罐3的气相出口与换热器1的第二冷流流道11连接，分液罐3的液相出口依次与LNG回流泵4、脱氢塔5连接，脱氢塔5的气相出口与换热器1的进口13连接，脱氢塔5的下部出口与重沸器7的下部进口连接，重沸器顶部壳程气相出口与脱氢塔塔釜进口连接，脱氢塔5的液相出口与重沸器7的底部壳程液相出口均与换热器1的冷流入口14连接，换热器1的第一热流出口15与脱氢塔5的中部进口连接；换热器1的第二热流出口16依次与节流阀6和换热器1的冷流进口17连接；换热器1的第三热流出口18与重沸器7的管程进口连接，重沸器7的管程出口与换热器1的热流进口19连接。
所述换热器1为制冷剂及其他物流提供能量交换的场所；膨胀机为再次制冷设备，将压力能转化为冷量，充分利用非甲烷组分携带的能量；压缩机为同轴膨胀压缩机，将富氢气增压，为下游利用提供可能的压力。富氢气冷凝过冷，经分液罐3分离后液相作为脱氢塔5塔顶回流液。脱氢塔作为分离LNG和氢气的传质场所。
所述脱氢塔既可以是填料塔也可以是板式塔。
本发明还提供了在一种从焦炉煤气制LNG装置里回收冷量的工艺方法，包括如下步骤：
净化焦炉煤气2MPa.a，约38℃与制冷剂在换热器1中预冷至-25℃后，从换热器1的第三热流出口18抽出，作为重沸器7的热源从重沸器7上部进入重沸器7，净化焦炉煤气温度降为-65℃后返回换热器1的热流进口19。经过换热器冷却至-125℃后作为脱氢塔5中部进料，与脱氢塔5上部来自LNG回流泵4的LNG逆流接触吸收进行传热传质，重沸器顶部壳程气相返回脱氢塔塔釜，进行两相分离，其中液相约-110℃与重沸器液相一起进入换热器1的冷流入口14过冷至-160℃，节流降压后成为合格的LNG产品；脱氢塔5塔顶气相不凝气1.85MPa.a，约-130℃，经换热器1冷却冷凝至约-165℃，然后进入分液罐3，进行两相分离，液相进入LNG回流泵泵送至脱氢塔5；气相富氢气1.82MPa.a，约-165℃作为低温位冷源从新增第二冷流流道11进入换热器1，复热至-110℃后出换热器1的第二出口9，进入同轴压缩膨胀机2膨胀至200kPa.a，-169.2℃，再次进入换热器1新增第一冷流流道10换热，直至富氢气复热至35℃后出换热器1的第一出口8，冷量完全利用，为焦炉煤气和混合冷剂提供冷源。因为非甲烷组分的富氢气携带的冷量完全回收利用，通过冷剂压缩机组制冷量减少，混合冷剂循环量相应减少，从而降低混合冷剂压缩机组的功率，提高冷量利用率。

Claims (6)

1.一种从焦炉煤气制LNG中回收冷量的工艺装置，其特征在于：包括换热器、同轴压缩膨胀机、分液罐、脱氢塔和重沸器，其中：换热器的第一出口（8）与同轴压缩膨胀机的压缩端进口连接，换热器的第二出口（9）与同轴压缩膨胀机的膨胀端进口连接，同轴压缩膨胀机的膨胀端出口与换热器的第一冷流流道（10）连接；换热器的第三出口（12）与分液罐的进口连接，分液罐的气相出口与换热器的第二冷流流道（11）连接，分液罐的液相出口与脱氢塔的上部进口连接，脱氢塔的气相出口与换热器的进口（13）连接，脱氢塔的下部出口与重沸器的下部进口连接，重沸器顶部壳程气相出口与脱氢塔塔釜进口连接，脱氢塔的液相出口和重沸器的底部壳程液相出口均与换热器的冷流入口（14）连接，换热器的第一热流出口（15）与脱氢塔的中部进口连接；换热器的第二热流出口（16）依次与节流阀和换热器的冷流进口（17）连接；换热器的第三热流出口（18）与重沸器的管程进口连接，重沸器的管程出口与换热器的热流进口（19）连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种从焦炉煤气制LNG中回收冷量的工艺装置，其特征在于：在分液罐和脱氢塔之间设置LNG回流泵。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种从焦炉煤气制LNG中回收冷量的工艺装置，其特征在于：所述脱氢塔为填料塔或板式塔。
4.一种从焦炉煤气制LNG中回收冷量的工艺方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：压力为2MPa.a、温度为38℃的净化焦炉煤气与制冷剂在换热器中预冷至-25℃后，作为重沸器的热源，经过重沸器降温至-65℃后进入换热器，冷却至-125℃后进入脱氢塔，与脱氢塔上部的LNG逆流接触吸收进行传热传质；重沸器顶部壳程气相返回脱氢塔塔釜，进行两相分离，其中液相约-110℃与重沸器液相一起进入换热器过冷至-160℃，然后经节流降压后成为合格的LNG产品；压力为1.85MPa.a、温度为-130℃的脱氢塔塔顶气相不凝气，进入换热器冷却冷凝至-165℃后进入分液罐进行两相分离，液相进入脱氢塔，压力为1.82MPa.a、温度为-165℃的气相富氢气作为低温位冷源进入换热器，复热至-110℃后进入同轴压缩膨胀机膨胀至200kPa.a，-169.2℃，然后再次进入换热器换热，直至富氢气复热至35℃后出换热器。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种从焦炉煤气制LNG中回收冷量的工艺方法，其特征在于：分液罐进行两相分离后的液相经LNG回流泵泵送至脱氢塔。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种从焦炉煤气制LNG中回收冷量的工艺方法，其特征在于：复热至35℃后出换热器的富氢气进入同轴压缩膨胀机的压缩端进口。
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