CN105908028A - Method for designing major compositions of high-hardenability and high-strength aluminum alloys - Google Patents
Method for designing major compositions of high-hardenability and high-strength aluminum alloys Download PDFInfo
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- CN105908028A CN105908028A CN201610431322.0A CN201610431322A CN105908028A CN 105908028 A CN105908028 A CN 105908028A CN 201610431322 A CN201610431322 A CN 201610431322A CN 105908028 A CN105908028 A CN 105908028A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of metal alloys, and particularly relates to a method for designing major compositions of high-hardenability and high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-series aluminum alloys. In order to obtain the high hardenability, the principle that the radius difference percentage sum of main alloying element atoms and Al atoms is minimized as much as possible is followed, the atom radius difference percentage sum delta meets the formula that 0.059%<=delta<=0.344%; in order to obtain the high strength, the principles that the mass percentages of Zn and Mg in the alloy elements should meet the formula that Wt<Zn>/Wt<Mg>>=4, and the mass percentage Wt<Mg> of Mg should be equal to or larger than 1.4 should be followed when the compositions are designed. The ideal method for designing the major compositions of the high-hardenability and high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-series aluminum alloys is obtained based on a large quantity of experiments and calculation, calculation is simple and convenient, the method is reliable, and the problem that the high-hardenability and high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-series aluminum alloy composition design field lacks a recognized and accurate design method is solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal alloy field, particularly relate to a kind of design high-hardenability high intensity Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy
The method of main component.
Background technology
Aluminium alloy is as the widest class non-ferrous metal structural material of commercial Application, at Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, machine
Make, boats and ships and chemical etc. use in field the most in a large number, and high strength alumin ium alloy is as the higher a kind of material of intensity in aluminium alloy
Material, demand increases the most day by day.The main body of high strength alumin ium alloy is Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system (being called for short 7000 is) alloy, should
It is that alloy has good plasticity, toughness, anti-stress corrosion performance and processing characteristics.
But, along with the development of aerospace flight vehicle, latest generation aerospace flight vehicle model equipment Development is especially
It is that maximization model equipment Development proposes requirements at the higher level to high strength alumin ium alloy.Maximization its bearing carrier of model equipment Requirement must
Must maximize and integration, in order to ensure the heart portion performance of large-scale bearing carrier, it is desirable to high strength alumin ium alloy must have preferably
Quenching degree (quenching sensitive).7075, the composition design of 7050,7055 alloys can only meet thickness at below 120mm knot
The requirement that component manufactures is bigger with heart portion performance difference at the thickness product surface more than 120mm, it is difficult to meet aviation boat
It demand to super large cross-sectional aluminum alloy material, in order to solve this difficult problem, it is necessary to is developed to be applicable to produce large-scale,
The low-quenching sensitive alloy of integrated structure part.
Chinese patent CN104004946A discloses a kind of 690-730MPa superhigh intensity high-hardenability aluminium alloy and preparation thereof
Method, the single-ended full hardening deepness of this aluminium alloy can reach 80-100mm.Chinese patent CN102703782A discloses
A kind of superelevation strong high-hardenability Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, after this aluminum alloy quenching, hardness can reach 214HV, single-ended
Full hardening deepness is about 82mm.But the two patent has all been merely given as the main component of alloy, both aluminum is not provided to close
The method of gold composition design.
In recent years, US and European has been developed over 7136 (Al-8.9Zn-2.2Mg-2.2Cu-0.15Zr) etc. as representative
Latest generation has that intensity rank is higher, combination property more balance optimizing and have the aluminium alloy of good quenching degree, walks
Prostatitis, the world, but up to the present, except providing alloying component, China is still blocked by other technologies.
For how reducing the difficult problem of quenching sensitive, a lot of research institutions and scholar are proposed viewpoint and the method for oneself,
Such as adjust the composition proportion of main alloy element (Zn, Mg, Cu), reduce quenching sensitive alloying element (Cu, Cr
Deng) content, reduce further and control impurity element (Fe, Si) content etc..But these viewpoints and method are in a given layer
Limitation is all there is on face, the most self-contradictory, up to the present, not yet have a kind of generally acknowledged more preferable
Theoretical appearance, do not have a kind of can be used in instruct high-hardenability high intensity Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy composition to design yet
Method is available, and this constrains the industrial expansion such as Aero-Space, weaponry to a certain extent.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to for present Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system high-hardenability high intensity Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy composition
Design theory and the problem of method disappearance, invented one and can be used in instructing high-hardenability high intensity Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system aluminum
The method of design of alloy.
The technical scheme is that
A kind of method designing high-hardenability high intensity Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy main component, it is characterised in that in design
During high-hardenability high intensity Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy main component, for obtaining high-hardenability, at design Al-Zn-Mg-Cu
Line aluminium alloy main component mass percent time, first calculate master alloying Elements Atom Zn, Mg, Cu and Al atom
Semidiameter percentage ratio summation δ so that master alloying Elements Atom Zn, Mg, Cu are total with the semidiameter percentage ratio of Al atom
0.059%≤δ≤0.344% is met with δ；δ-value is the most the smaller the better simultaneously, calculates by substituting into formula, finds master
The suitable mass percent that alloy element Zn, Mg, Cu are the most shared；For obtaining high intensity, its composition
Also should follow following principle, in alloying element, the ratio of the mass percent of Zn and Mg should meet 4≤WtZn/WtMg≤ 5.5,
The mass percent Wt of MgMg1.4%≤Wt should be metMg≤ 3.5%.
Described Atomic radiuses difference percentage ratio summation δ, its computing formula is WtZnFor Zn shared mass percent, Wt in aluminium alloyMgFor Mg shared quality in aluminium alloy
Percent, WtCuFor Cu shared mass percent in aluminium alloy.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) a kind of method designing high-hardenability high intensity Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy main component that the present invention proposes,
The most all belong to pioneering, it is proposed that a kind of brand-new reliable composition design method, solve in high-hardenability high intensity
Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy composition design field there is no generally acknowledges and the problem of Exact Design method.
(2) present invention obtains a kind of preferably design high-hardenability high intensity by substantial amounts of test and calculating
The method of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy main component, calculates simple and convenient, and method is reliable.
(3) a kind of method designing high-hardenability high intensity Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy main component that the present invention proposes,
Greatly simplify the design of high-hardenability high intensity Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy composition, and reliable and practical, to a certain degree
On promoted the industrial expansion such as Aero-Space, weaponry.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the dimensional drawing of end quenching bar of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is end quenching scene photograph of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that end quenching Bar Rolling Line of the present invention cuts schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is tensile sample dimensional drawing of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the hardness-from the Jominy end-quench curves figure of quenched end distance of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 6 is the hardness-from the Jominy end-quench curves figure of quenched end distance of the embodiment of the present invention two.
Fig. 7 is the hardness-from the Jominy end-quench curves figure of quenched end distance of the embodiment of the present invention three.
Fig. 8 is the hardness-from the Jominy end-quench curves figure of quenched end distance of comparative example one of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the hardness-from the Jominy end-quench curves comparison diagram of quenched end distance of the embodiment of the present invention one, two, three and comparative example one.
Detailed description of the invention
Elaborating embodiments of the invention and comparative example below, the present embodiment is under premised on technical solution of the present invention
Implement, give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following
Embodiment.
In order to the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described, 3 kinds will be designed typically according to method provided by the present invention below
7000 line aluminium alloy compositions, in order to reliability and the superiority of method that the present invention provides are described, also will provide a comparative example,
Being a kind of 7075 alloys, the principle in the method that composition design and the present invention of comparative example alloy provides is opposing.By above-mentioned
The wherein material of all embodiments and comparative example carry out following material prepare, heat treatment, quenching degree and stretching test.
Prepared by material, heat treatment, quenching degree and stretching test scheme:
(1) prepared by material:
1) according to the alloying component molten alloy of design, smelting temperature is 850 DEG C～900 DEG C.
2) ingot casting being carried out homogenizing anneal process, mechanism of anneal is 470 DEG C × 24h, then cold with stove
But to 200 DEG C, air cooling is finally taken out.
3) ingot casting is carried out hot extrusion processing, and then obtain the extruded bars of a diameter of Φ 30mm.Extruding
Ratio is 20:1.
4) bar obtained in the previous step is processed into the tension test bar of Φ 30mm × 40mm and such as figure
(1) the end quenching bar shown in is standby.
(2) heat treatment:
1) strengthened solution: above-mentioned tension test bar and end quenching bar are carried out strengthened solution,
Intensive intervention mechanism is 470 DEG C × 2h+480 DEG C × 2h+490 DEG C × 2h.
2) Quenching Treatment: the end quenching bar after above-mentioned Intensive intervention is carried out end quenching at once,
Quenching shift time is less than 10 seconds, and hardening media is the water of 20 DEG C, and end quenching is on-the-spot such as figure
(2) shown in；Tension test bar after above-mentioned Intensive intervention is carried out Water Quenching, quenching
It is less than transfer time 10 seconds, directly bar is immersed in the clear water of 20 DEG C, until bar is complete
Till full cooling.
3) Ageing Treatment: the end quenching bar after above-mentioned Quenching Treatment and stretching experiment bar are carried out
Ageing Treatment, wherein 7085 and 7075 aluminium alloys take T76 Ageing Treatment, ageing mechanism
Being 121 DEG C × 5h+153 DEG C × 16h, ultra-high-strength aluminum alloy takes T6 timeliness, ageing mechanism
It is 121 DEG C × 24h.
(3) performance test:
1) quenching degree test: the method using line cutting, according to mode incision tip as shown in figure (3)
Quenching bar, by the test sheet brighten of well cutting, from the beginning of small end, every a segment distance,
Survey a hardness, hardness is depicted as hardness-from the Jominy end-quench curves of quenched end distance, it is stipulated that hard
It is single-ended full hardening deepness that degree declines 10%.
2) extension test: use wire cutting method, cuts into the stretching examination as shown in figure (4) by bar
Sample, carries out tension test, measures the tensile strength of sample.
Embodiment one
According to the present invention provide method, design a kind of 7085 aluminium alloys, its composition be Al-7Zn-1.41Mg-1.5Cu and
The Zr of the minimal amount of 0.4% and Sr of 0.025%, this alloy is called 7085-1 alloy, by the quality of Zn, Mg, Cu
Percent substitutes into formulaCalculate the atomic radius of this alloy
Difference percentage ratio summation δ=0.059%, WtZn/WtMg=4.96, and WtMg=1.41%, meet 0.059%≤δ≤0.344%,
4≤WtZn/WtMg≤ 5.5,1.4%≤WtMg≤ 3.5%, this alloy is prepared through above-mentioned material, heat treatment, quenching degree and draw
Stretch performance test, draw out hardness-from quenched end distance Jominy end-quench curves as figure (5) shown in, the 7085-1 aluminium alloy of analysis
Single-ended full hardening deepness more than 140mm so its quenching degree is at least 280mm, quenching degree is the highest, and its tensile strength is
518.25MPa。
Embodiment two
The method provided according to the present invention, designs a kind of 7085 aluminium alloys, and its composition is Al-7.48Zn-1.51Mg-1.42Cu
With the Sr of the Zr and 0.025% of minimal amount of 0.4%, this alloy is called 7085-2 alloy, by the matter of Zn, Mg, Cu
Amount percent substitutes into formulaCalculate the atom half of this alloy
Footpath difference percentage ratio summation δ=0.0959%, WtZn/WtMg=4.95, and WtMg=1.51%, meet 0.059%≤δ≤0.344%,
4≤WtZn/WtMg≤ 5.5,1.4%≤WtMg≤ 3.5%, this alloy is prepared through above-mentioned material, heat treatment, quenching degree and draw
Stretch performance test, draw out hardness-from quenched end distance Jominy end-quench curves as figure (6) shown in, analyze to obtain 7085-2 aluminium alloy
Single-ended full hardening deepness more than 140mm so its quenching degree is at least 280mm, quenching degree is the highest, and its tensile strength is
517MPa。
Embodiment three
The method provided according to the present invention, designs a kind of 7085 aluminium alloys, and its composition is Al-7.95Zn-1.8Mg-1.59Cu
With the Sr of the Zr and 0.025% of minimal amount of 0.4%, this alloy is called 7085-3 alloy, by the matter of Zn, Mg, Cu
Amount percent substitutes into formulaCalculate the atom half of this alloy
Footpath difference percentage ratio summation δ=0.1833%, WtZn/WtMg=4.4, and WtMg=1.8%, meet 0.059%≤δ≤0.344%,
4≤WtZn/WtMg≤ 5.5,1.4%≤WtMg≤ 3.5%, this alloy is prepared through above-mentioned material, heat treatment, quenching degree and draw
Stretch performance test, draw out hardness-from quenched end distance Jominy end-quench curves as figure (7) shown in, analyze to obtain 7085-1 aluminium alloy
Single-ended full hardening deepness more than 140mm so its quenching degree is at least 280mm, quenching degree is the highest, and its tensile strength is
542.25MPa。
Comparative example one
Designing a kind of 7075 aluminium alloys, its composition is Al-5.6Zn-2.5Mg-1.6Cu, by this alloy through above-mentioned material system
Standby, heat treatment prepares laboratory sample, and carries out quenching degree and stretching test, by the mass percent of Zn, Mg, Cu
Substitute into formulaThe Atomic radiuses difference percentage of this alloy calculated
Ratio summation δ=0.00648, WtZn/WtMg=2.24, and WtMg=2.5%, it is unsatisfactory for the condition of 0.059%≤δ≤0.344%, root
According to quenching degree experimental result, draw out hardness-from the Jominy end-quench curves of quenched end distance as shown in figure (8), analyze this 7075
The single-ended full hardening deepness of aluminium alloy is about 36mm, so its quenching degree is 72mm, quenching degree is bad, is also unsatisfactory for
4≤WtZn/WtMgThe condition of≤5.5, its tensile strength is 505MPa, and its tensile strength is the highest.
Embodiment one, two, three and comparative example one are contrasted by we, 7085-1 that three embodiments provide, 7085-2,
Principle and method design that the composition of 7085-3 alloy provides all in accordance with the present invention draw, its quenching degree is the highest, and contrasts
The principle that the composition of example 1 alloy and the present invention provide does not corresponds, and quenching degree is the lowest, and intensity is also in these several alloys
Minimum, by the hardness of four kinds of alloys-be plotted in a figure contrast from the Jominy end-quench curves of quenched end distance, as shown in figure (9),
It appeared that be at least 3.8 times of 7075 alloys by 7805 alloy quenching degree of present invention offer.Visible provided by the present invention
The reasonability of composition design method and superiority.
Claims (2)
1. the method designing high-hardenability high-strength aluminum alloy main component, described high-strength aluminum alloy is
Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy, it is characterised in that: for obtaining high-hardenability, at design Al-Zn-Mg-Cu
Line aluminium alloy main component mass percent time, first calculate master alloying Elements Atom Zn, Mg, Cu
Semidiameter percentage ratio summation δ with Al atom so that Elements Atom Zn, Mg, Cu are former with Al for master alloying
Semidiameter percentage ratio summation δ of son meets 0.059%≤δ≤0.344%；δ-value is the most the smaller the better simultaneously,
Calculate by substituting into formula, find master alloying element Zn, Mg, Cu the most shared suitable
Mass percent；For obtaining high intensity, its composition also should follow following principle, in alloying element Zn and
The ratio of the mass percent of Mg should meet 4≤WtZn/WtMgThe mass percent Wt of≤5.5, MgMgYing Man
Foot 1.4%≤WtMg≤ 3.5%.
A kind of method designing high-hardenability high-strength aluminum alloy main component the most as claimed in claim 1,
It is characterized in that: described master alloying Elements Atom Zn, Mg, Cu and the semidiameter percentage ratio of Al atom
Summation δ, its computing formula isWtZnFor Zn
Shared mass percent, Wt in aluminium alloyMgFor Mg shared mass percent, Wt in aluminium alloyCuFor
Cu is shared mass percent in aluminium alloy.
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| CN201610431322.0A CN105908028B (en) | 2016-06-16 | 2016-06-16 | A kind of method for designing high-hardenability high-strength aluminum alloy main component |
| PCT/CN2016/094097 WO2017215098A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 | 2016-08-09 | Method for designing major components of high-hardenability and high-strength aluminium alloys |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20010016472A (en) * | 2000-12-13 | 2001-03-05 | 주식회사 하바메탈 | Aluminium-magnesium-zinc-scandium alloy composition |
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| US8043445B2 (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2011-10-25 | Aleris Aluminum Koblenz Gmbh | High-damage tolerant alloy product in particular for aerospace applications |
| CN101297054A (en) * | 2005-10-25 | 2008-10-29 | 阿勒里斯铝业科布伦茨有限公司 | Al-Cu-Mg alloy suitable for aerospace application |
| CN101701308B (en) * | 2009-11-11 | 2011-09-28 | 苏州有色金属研究院有限公司 | High-damage tolerance type ultrahigh strength aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN102703782A (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2012-10-03 | 北京工业大学 | Ultrahigh-strength high-hardenability Al, Zn, Mg and Cu alloy |
| CN104404321B (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2016-08-24 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of ultradeep well ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy drill pipe body and manufacture method thereof |
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| KR20010016472A (en) * | 2000-12-13 | 2001-03-05 | 주식회사 하바메탈 | Aluminium-magnesium-zinc-scandium alloy composition |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 席桂荣: "化学成分对铝合金淬透性的影响", 《化学成分对铝合金淬透性的影响》 * |
| 王国军 等: "2D70铝合金淬透性研究", 《稀有金属》 * |
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