CN105896564A - Series compensation device and safety protection method of same - Google Patents
Series compensation device and safety protection method of same Download PDFInfo
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- CN105896564A CN105896564A CN201610390995.6A CN201610390995A CN105896564A CN 105896564 A CN105896564 A CN 105896564A CN 201610390995 A CN201610390995 A CN 201610390995A CN 105896564 A CN105896564 A CN 105896564A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
- H02J3/1807—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using series compensators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H9/045—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage adapted to a particular application and not provided for elsewhere
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种串联补偿装置和串联补偿装置的安全保护方法，该装置包括：补偿电容、氧化锌组件、放电限流电路、涡流快速开关、电流互感器和处理器。该方法包括以下步骤：采集电网中的电流数据；根据电流数据判断电网中是否存在短路，如果是，则由处理器控制涡流快速开关闭合。本发明设计了串联补偿装置，并提出静态电流均衡函数及电流安全预警函数，确保串联补偿装置的运行安全，保障电网的正常运行。
The invention provides a series compensation device and a safety protection method of the series compensation device. The device comprises: a compensation capacitor, a zinc oxide component, a discharge current limiting circuit, an eddy current fast switch, a current transformer and a processor. The method includes the following steps: collecting current data in the grid; judging whether there is a short circuit in the grid according to the current data, and if so, controlling the eddy current fast switch to be closed by a processor. The invention designs a series compensation device, and proposes a static current balance function and a current safety warning function, so as to ensure the operation safety of the series compensation device and ensure the normal operation of the power grid.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及计算机控制技术领域，特别涉及一种用于补偿电网电压的串联补偿装置及串联补偿装置的安全保护方法。The invention relates to the technical field of computer control, in particular to a series compensation device for compensating grid voltage and a safety protection method for the series compensation device.
背景技术Background technique
电力网损耗是指电能从发电厂传输到客户的过程中，在输电、变电、配电盒营销等各环节的电能损耗和损失。损率是综合反映电力网规划设计、生产运行和经营管理水平的主要经济技术指标。电力网的线损电量主要包括可变损耗、固定损耗和管理损耗。可变损耗指的是消耗在电力线路和电力变压器电阻上的电量,该部分损耗与传输功率(或电流)的平方成正比。固定损耗指的是产生在电力线路和变压器的等值并联电导上的损耗,对配电网而言主要包括电力变压器的铁损,电力电缆和电容器的绝缘介质损耗,绝缘子的泄漏损耗等。固定损耗和可变损耗可以通过理论计算得出,故常将其称为理论线损。管理损耗指的是线损电量扣除理论线损后的部分。电网损耗每年浪费电能巨大，且影响了供电质量，导致用电器损坏。Power grid loss refers to the loss and loss of power in various links such as power transmission, power transformation, and distribution box marketing during the process of power transmission from power plants to customers. The loss rate is the main economic and technical index that comprehensively reflects the planning and design, production operation and management level of the power network. The line loss of the power network mainly includes variable loss, fixed loss and management loss. Variable loss refers to the amount of electricity consumed on the resistance of power lines and power transformers, and this part of the loss is proportional to the square of the transmitted power (or current). Fixed loss refers to the loss generated on the equivalent parallel conductance of power lines and transformers. For distribution networks, it mainly includes the iron loss of power transformers, the dielectric loss of power cables and capacitors, and the leakage loss of insulators. Fixed loss and variable loss can be calculated theoretically, so they are often called theoretical line loss. Management loss refers to the part of the line loss after deducting the theoretical line loss. Power grid loss wastes a huge amount of electricity every year, and affects the quality of power supply, resulting in damage to electrical appliances.
现有技术中也提出了一些电网补偿方案，主要采用并联电容的方式进行补偿，其成本高，响应速度慢，容易烧坏补偿电容器。Some power grid compensation schemes have also been proposed in the prior art, mainly using parallel capacitors for compensation, which has high cost, slow response speed, and easily burns out the compensation capacitors.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对上述现有技术中的缺陷，提出了如下技术方案。The present invention proposes the following technical solutions aiming at the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.
一种串联补偿装置，包括：补偿电容、氧化锌组件、放电限流电路、涡流快速开关、电流互感器和处理器，其中，A series compensation device, comprising: a compensation capacitor, a zinc oxide component, a discharge current limiting circuit, an eddy current fast switch, a current transformer and a processor, wherein,
所述补偿电容串联在电网的供电线路中，用于补偿电网的压降；The compensation capacitor is connected in series in the power supply line of the power grid, and is used to compensate the voltage drop of the power grid;
所述氧化锌组件与补偿电容并联，用于限制补偿电容两端的电压；The zinc oxide component is connected in parallel with the compensation capacitor to limit the voltage across the compensation capacitor;
所述放电限流电路与涡流快速开关串联形成串联电路，所述串联电路与所述补偿电容并联，用于限制补偿电容的放电电流；The discharge current limiting circuit is connected in series with the eddy current fast switch to form a series circuit, and the series circuit is connected in parallel with the compensation capacitor to limit the discharge current of the compensation capacitor;
所述处理器分别与所述电流互感器和所述涡流快速开关相连；The processor is respectively connected with the current transformer and the eddy current fast switch;
所述电流互感器用于采集供电线路中的电流，并将采集到的电流数据发送至所述处理器；The current transformer is used to collect the current in the power supply line, and send the collected current data to the processor;
所述处理器根据所述电流数据控制所述涡流快速开关的开闭。The processor controls the opening and closing of the eddy current fast switch according to the current data.
优选的，所述串联补偿装置还包括：第一开关、第二开关和热备开关，Preferably, the series compensation device further includes: a first switch, a second switch and a hot standby switch,
所述第一开关和所述第二开关串联；the first switch is connected in series with the second switch;
所述补偿电容串联在所述第一开关和所述第二开关之间；The compensation capacitor is connected in series between the first switch and the second switch;
所述氧化锌组件与所述补偿电容并联形成并联电路，所述并联电路位于所述第一开关和所述第二开关之间；The zinc oxide component is connected in parallel with the compensation capacitor to form a parallel circuit, and the parallel circuit is located between the first switch and the second switch;
所述放电限流电路与涡流快速开关位于所述第一开关和所述第二开关之间；The discharge current limiting circuit and the eddy current fast switch are located between the first switch and the second switch;
所述热备开关与所述第一开关和所述第二开关并联。The hot standby switch is connected in parallel with the first switch and the second switch.
一种上述串联补偿装置的安全保护方法，包括以下步骤：A safety protection method for the above-mentioned series compensation device, comprising the following steps:
S1：采集电网中的电流数据；S1: Collect current data in the power grid;
S2：根据电流数据判断电网中是否存在短路；S2: judge whether there is a short circuit in the grid according to the current data;
S3：根据S2中的判断结果启动响应操作。S3: Start a response operation according to the judgment result in S2.
优选的，所述S1步骤具体为：Preferably, the S1 step is specifically:
使用电流互感器每隔0.1ms设置一个采样点，采集10个电流数据，将采集的电流数据存储在一个数组current[10]中。Use the current transformer to set a sampling point every 0.1ms, collect 10 current data, and store the collected current data in an array current[10].
优选的，所述S2步骤具体为：Preferably, the S2 step is specifically:
对数组current[10]中的电流数据进行处理，获得每一采样点电流的变化率，存储在数组diff_current[10]中，其中：Process the current data in the array current[10] to obtain the rate of change of the current at each sampling point, and store it in the array diff_current[10], where:
如果i>1 if i>1
式中i表示数组的标号，1≤i≤10；In the formula, i represents the label of the array, 1≤i≤10;
构建静态电流均衡函数：Construct the static current balance function:
I为通过的电流大小，I0为电网正常工作时通过串联补偿装置的最大电流，通过电网运行的日志数据获得；I is the magnitude of the passing current, and I0 is the maximum current passing through the series compensation device when the power grid is working normally, which is obtained from the log data of the power grid operation;
获得数组diff_current[10]中的最大值diff_current[j]，表示此时刻的电流变化率最大，1≤j≤10，并从数组current[10]中获得此时的电流值current[j]，构建电流安全预警函数：Obtain the maximum value diff_current[j] in the array diff_current[10], indicating that the current rate of change at this moment is the largest, 1≤j≤10, and obtain the current value current[j] from the array current[10] at this time, construct Current safety warning function:
G(j)＝α*F(current[j])+β*diff_current[j]，α、β分别为权重值，G0为短路阈值，可通过仿真计算或电网日志数据分析获得，G(j)=α*F(current[j])+β*diff_current[j], α and β are weight values respectively, and G0 is the short-circuit threshold, which can be obtained through simulation calculation or power grid log data analysis,
当所述电流安全预警函数值G(j)>G 0时，判定电网出现短路。When the current safety warning function value G(j)>G 0, it is determined that a short circuit occurs in the power grid.
优选的，所述S3步骤具体为：Preferably, the S3 step is specifically:
根据所述S2步骤判断的结果，当电网出现短路时，由所述处理器控制所述涡流快速开关闭合，进而保护串联补偿装置。According to the judgment result of the step S2, when a short circuit occurs in the grid, the processor controls the eddy current fast switch to close, thereby protecting the series compensation device.
本发明的有益效果为：设计了串联补偿装置，并提出静态电流均衡函数及电流安全预警函数，确保串联补偿装置的运行安全，保障电网的正常运行。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: a series compensation device is designed, and a static current balance function and a current safety warning function are proposed to ensure the operation safety of the series compensation device and ensure the normal operation of the power grid.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的串联补偿装置的原理结构图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structure diagram of the series compensation device of the present invention.
图2是本发明的一种串联补偿装置的安全保护方法的流程图。Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a safety protection method of a series compensation device according to the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明串联补偿装置及其安全保护方法进行具体说明。The series compensation device and its safety protection method of the present invention will be specifically described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，一种用于补偿电网电压压降的串联补偿装置，包括：第一开关1、第二开关2、补偿电容3、氧化锌组件4、放电限流电路5、涡流快速开关6、热备开关7、电流互感器8和处理器9。As shown in Figure 1, a series compensation device for compensating the voltage drop of the power grid includes: a first switch 1, a second switch 2, a compensation capacitor 3, a zinc oxide component 4, a discharge current limiting circuit 5, and an eddy current fast switch 6. Hot standby switch 7, current transformer 8 and processor 9.
第一开关1和第二开关2串联，补偿电容3串联在第一开关1和第二开关2之间，补偿电容3用于补偿线路压降。氧化锌组件4与补偿电容3并联，并联后的电路再串联在第一开关1和第二开关2之间，氧化锌组件4用于保护补偿电容，限制补偿电容两端的电压。放电限流电路5与涡流快速开关6串联后与补偿电容3并联，并联后的电路再串联在第一开关1和第二开关2之间。热备开关7与第一开关1和第二开关2所在的供电线路并联，正常运行时热备开关处于开闸状态。电流互感器8优选设置在第二开关2的前端，当然也可以设置在供电线路的其他位置，只要使其便于采集供电线路中的电流即可。处理器9与电流互感器8串联设置，处理器9与涡流快速开关6相连，处理器9接收电流互感器8采集的电流数据，根据对电流数据的处理结果控制涡流快速开关6的开闭。The first switch 1 and the second switch 2 are connected in series, and the compensation capacitor 3 is connected in series between the first switch 1 and the second switch 2, and the compensation capacitor 3 is used for compensating the line voltage drop. The zinc oxide component 4 is connected in parallel with the compensation capacitor 3, and the parallel circuit is connected in series between the first switch 1 and the second switch 2. The zinc oxide component 4 is used to protect the compensation capacitor and limit the voltage across the compensation capacitor. The discharge current limiting circuit 5 is connected in series with the fast eddy current switch 6 and then connected in parallel with the compensation capacitor 3 , and the parallel circuit is then connected in series between the first switch 1 and the second switch 2 . The hot standby switch 7 is connected in parallel with the power supply lines where the first switch 1 and the second switch 2 are located, and the hot standby switch is in an open state during normal operation. The current transformer 8 is preferably arranged at the front end of the second switch 2, and of course it can also be arranged at other positions of the power supply line, as long as it is convenient to collect the current in the power supply line. The processor 9 is set in series with the current transformer 8, the processor 9 is connected to the eddy current fast switch 6, the processor 9 receives the current data collected by the current transformer 8, and controls the opening and closing of the eddy current fast switch 6 according to the processing result of the current data.
电流互感器8的工作原理是电磁感应原理。电流互感器8是由闭合的铁芯和绕组组成。它的一次绕组匝数很少，串在需要测量电流的线路中，因此它经常有线路的全部电流流过。二次绕组匝数比较多，串接在测量仪表和保护回路中，电流互感器8在工作时，它的二次回路始终是闭合的，因此测量仪表和保护回路串联线圈的阻抗很小，电流互感器8的工作状态接近短路。由于电磁式电流互感器存在的易饱和、非线性及频带窄等问题，电子式电流互感器8逐渐兴起。电子式电流互感器一般具有抗磁饱和、低功耗、宽频带等优点，属于数字式传感器，二次仪表不会引入误差，传感器误差就是系统误差。因此，电流互感器8优选为电子式电流互感器，可以简化电路设计，不用进行模数转换，降低误差。The working principle of the current transformer 8 is the principle of electromagnetic induction. The current transformer 8 is composed of a closed iron core and a winding. Its primary winding has very few turns, and it is connected in series in the line that needs to measure the current, so it often has all the current of the line flowing. The number of turns of the secondary winding is relatively large, and it is connected in series in the measuring instrument and the protection circuit. When the current transformer 8 is working, its secondary circuit is always closed, so the impedance of the series coil of the measuring instrument and the protection circuit is very small, and the current The working state of transformer 8 is close to short circuit. Due to the problems of easy saturation, nonlinearity and narrow frequency band of electromagnetic current transformers, electronic current transformers 8 are gradually emerging. Electronic current transformers generally have the advantages of anti-magnetic saturation, low power consumption, and broadband. They are digital sensors, and secondary instruments will not introduce errors. Sensor errors are system errors. Therefore, the current transformer 8 is preferably an electronic current transformer, which can simplify circuit design, avoid analog-to-digital conversion, and reduce errors.
本发明采用动态均能技术开发的氧化锌组件4用以有效限制补偿电容3两端的电压，对补偿电容3运行的安全性提供了保障。本发明采用处理器9快速确定串联补偿装置的安全状态和基于快速涡流驱动技术开发的涡流快速开关6，来控制补偿电容3的投退，以最大限度地缩短过电流的持续时间，大大减小了氧化锌组件4所需要的能容量。氧化锌组件4可以采用动态均能配片技术，由多路氧化锌阀片串并联组成，不仅大大降低了残压比(最高残压UC与1mA参考电压U1mA之比)，而且在相同能容量指标下体积明显缩小。The present invention adopts the zinc oxide component 4 developed by the dynamic equalization technology to effectively limit the voltage at both ends of the compensation capacitor 3 and guarantee the safety of the operation of the compensation capacitor 3 . The present invention uses the processor 9 to quickly determine the safe state of the series compensation device and the eddy current fast switch 6 developed based on the fast eddy current drive technology to control the switching on and off of the compensation capacitor 3 to minimize the duration of the overcurrent and greatly reduce the The energy capacity required by the zinc oxide component 4 is determined. Zinc oxide component 4 can adopt the technology of dynamic equal energy distribution, which is composed of multiple zinc oxide valve plates connected in series and parallel, which not only greatly reduces the residual voltage ratio (the ratio of the highest residual voltage UC to the 1mA reference voltage U1mA), but also has the same energy capacity The volume under the index is significantly reduced.
放电限流电路5采用电阻和电感构成，防止放电电流过大，损坏涡流快速开关6触点。涡流快速开关6的合闸时间可以做到10ms左右甚至更快。The discharge current limiting circuit 5 is composed of a resistor and an inductance to prevent the excessive discharge current from damaging the 6 contacts of the eddy current fast switch. The closing time of the eddy current fast switch 6 can be about 10ms or even faster.
图2示出了本发明串联补偿装置的安全保护方法，包括以下步骤：Fig. 2 shows the safety protection method of the series compensation device of the present invention, comprising the following steps:
S1：采集电网中的电流数据：使用电流互感器8每隔0.1ms设置一个采样点，采集10个电流数据，将采集的电流数据存储在一个数组current[10]中；S1: Collect current data in the power grid: use current transformer 8 to set a sampling point every 0.1ms, collect 10 current data, and store the collected current data in an array current[10];
S2：根据电流数据判断电网中是否存在短路，如果是，由处理器9控制涡流快速开关6闭合，具体步骤可为：S2: According to the current data, it is judged whether there is a short circuit in the grid. If so, the processor 9 controls the eddy current fast switch 6 to close. The specific steps can be:
对数组current[10]中的电流数据进行处理，获得每一采样点电流的变化率，存储在数组diff_current[10]中，其中：Process the current data in the array current[10] to obtain the rate of change of the current at each sampling point, and store it in the array diff_current[10], where:
如果i>1 if i>1
式中i表示数组的标号，1≤i≤10；In the formula, i represents the label of the array, 1≤i≤10;
构建静态电流均衡函数：Construct the static current balance function:
I为通过的电流大小，I0为电网正常工作时通过串联补偿装置的最大电流，可以通过电网运行的日志数据获得，通过该静态电流均衡函数，使得计算速度大大提高；I is the magnitude of the passing current, and I0 is the maximum current passing through the series compensation device when the power grid is working normally, which can be obtained from the log data of the power grid operation, and the calculation speed is greatly improved through the static current balance function;
获得数组diff_current[10]中的最大值diff_current[j]，表示此时刻的电流变化率最大，1≤j≤10，并从数组current[10]中获得此时的电流值current[j]，构建电流安全预警函数：Obtain the maximum value diff_current[j] in the array diff_current[10], indicating that the current rate of change at this moment is the largest, 1≤j≤10, and obtain the current value current[j] from the array current[10] at this time, construct Current safety warning function:
G(j)＝α*F(current[j])+β*diff_current[j]，α、β分别为权重值，当函数值G(j)>G0表示电网存在危险，由处理器9控制涡流快速开关6闭合，保护串联补偿装置，其中，G0为短路阈值，可通过仿真计算或电网日志数据分析获得，α、β的值根据电网参数确定，如35KV电网，α一般为2，β一般为3.5，G0一般为8。G(j)=α*F(current[j])+β*diff_current[j], α and β are weight values respectively, when the function value G(j)>G0 indicates that the power grid is in danger, and the eddy current is controlled by the processor 9 The fast switch 6 is closed to protect the series compensation device. G0 is the short-circuit threshold, which can be obtained through simulation calculation or grid log data analysis. The values of α and β are determined according to the grid parameters. For example, in a 35KV grid, α is generally 2, and β is generally 3.5, G0 is generally 8.
该安全保护根据电流的大小及电流的变化率准确的识别出危险，且速度快，基本上在2ms内可以识别出危险，然后控制涡流快速开关6合闸，确保了串联补偿装置的安全。The safety protection can accurately identify the danger according to the magnitude of the current and the rate of change of the current, and the speed is fast. Basically, the danger can be identified within 2ms, and then the eddy current fast switch 6 is controlled to close, ensuring the safety of the series compensation device.
最后所应说明的是：以上实施例仅以说明而非限制本发明的技术方案，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明的精神和范围的任何修改或局部替换，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only to illustrate and not limit the technical solutions of the present invention, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: the present invention can still be modified or Any modification or partial replacement without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
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