CN105896520B - Distributed light stores up DC power-supply system power slide control - Google Patents

Distributed light stores up DC power-supply system power slide control Download PDF

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CN105896520B
CN105896520B CN201610409913.8A CN201610409913A CN105896520B CN 105896520 B CN105896520 B CN 105896520B CN 201610409913 A CN201610409913 A CN 201610409913A CN 105896520 B CN105896520 B CN 105896520B
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power
staggered
current transformer
control
energy storage
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CN105896520A (en
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王育飞
薛花
李海霞
胡英俊
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Shanghai University of Electric Power
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Shanghai University of Electric Power
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/14—Balancing the load in a network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of distributed light storage DC power-supply system power slide control, photovoltaic cells and energy storage battery pass through respective current transformer parallel connection and access on DC bus；The current transformer of photovoltaic cells is four staggered booster converters, and maximum power is realized using tracking method of maximum powerp PVmax Output；The current transformer of energy storage battery is four staggered bidirectional converters, using current inner loop power outer shroud double-loop control strategy, current inner loop can microcontroller method using nonlinear smoothing, in the case of ensuring there are load sudden change or current transformer Parameter Perturbation, it still can quickly track photovoltaic cells and the changed power of load, by the charge and discharge control to energy storage battery, stabilizing for system power is realized.This method is wide to changed power range, loads the application of large disturbances has stronger interference rejection ability, has the advantages that simple in structure, rapid dynamic response speed, strong robustness.

Description

Distributed light stores up DC power-supply system power slide control
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of power supply control technology, more particularly to a kind of distributed light storage DC power-supply system is non-linear micro- Divide smooth power smooth control method.
Background technology
Distributed photovoltaic power generation has the problems such as output voltage fluctuation is big, system stability is poor, in conjunction with point of energy storage technology Cloth light storage DC power-supply system is used widely by high-quality, high reliability power supply capacity, system output power it is steady Fixed control is the bottleneck place of practical application, and the rational design of the topology of converter plant and control algolithm is to realize light storage direct current The feasible program of power supply system power smooth control.
Converter plant topology aspect, photovoltaic converter generally use Boost circuit, energy accumulation current converter generally use Buck- Boost circuit, since distributed light stores up the low-voltage of photovoltaic cell and energy-storage battery in DC power-supply system, High-current output spy Property, conventional current transformer, which must operate under extreme duty ratio, could obtain higher voltage gain, and in extreme duty ratio Easily cause larger voltage, current ripples problem.To avoid the deficiency of conventional current transformer, crisscross parallel current transformer can be used, Using the negative function of each phase inductance current ripples, reduce input current ripple, smooth output voltage waveform, is beneficial to improve change Flow the dynamic responding speed and efficiency of device.
In terms of crisscross parallel current transformer control algolithm, widely used in engineering at present is PI controllers, design cycle It is clear, power converter general performance requirement can be reached, but in the case where inputting or loading wide variation operating mode, be based on specific work The PI controls for making point design are difficult to ensure that crisscross parallel converter system has big signal stabilization.For crisscross parallel current transformer Itself has nonlinear characteristic, although having a variety of nonlinear control algorithms such as sliding formwork control, modified feedback linearization control, these calculations Method overcomes the narrow disadvantage of PI controls stable region, but calculates complexity, realizes that there are bottlenecks for engineer application.It is therefore proposed that a kind of knot The non-linear control strategy that structure is simple, steady-state error is small, system stability is good is to realize that distributed light storage DC power-supply system is wide The key point of general popularization and application.
Invention content
Caused by being exported the present invention be directed to photovoltaic generation uncertainty the problem of power swing, it is proposed that a kind of distribution Light stores up DC power-supply system power slide control, be a kind of nonlinear smoothing can microcontroller method, realize that control is coordinated in light storage System is smooth with output power.Four staggered bidirectional converter of energy storage uses current inner loop-power outer shroud double-loop control strategy, electricity Flowing inner ring can microcontroller method using nonlinear smoothing, it is ensured that in the case of there are load sudden change or current transformer Parameter Perturbation, according to Photovoltaic cells and the changed power of load so can be quickly tracked, by the charge and discharge control to energy storage battery, realizes system Power is stabilized；Power outer shroud is controlled using PI, realizes the quick tracking of energy storage battery reference power.This method becomes power Change range it is wide, load large disturbances application have stronger interference rejection ability, have simple in structure, rapid dynamic response speed, The advantages of strong robustness.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of distribution light storage DC power-supply system power slide control, photovoltaic list Member and energy storage battery are accessed by respective current transformer parallel connection on DC bus；The current transformer of photovoltaic cells is four staggered liters Volage current transformer, upper bridge arm use diode, lower bridge arm that IGBT, four staggered booster converters is used to use tracking method of maximum power Realize maximum power pPVmaxOutput；The current transformer of energy storage battery is four staggered bidirectional converters, and upper and lower bridge arm is IGBT, the maximum power p of photovoltaic cells outputPVmaxWith power p required for loadLoadrefThe power difference compared is as four The reference value of staggered bidirectional converter power control, four staggered bidirectional converters use inside and outside double-closed-loop control, outside power Ring feedback control realizes that the quick tracking of energy storage battery reference power, current inner loop utilize the flat of energy storage battery charge and discharge Sliding characteristic obtains the PWM duty cycle of four staggered bidirectional converters, photovoltaic cells and the changed power of load is tracked, by storage The charge and discharge control of energy storage device realizes that system power is smooth.
The four staggered bidirectional converter single-phase output power is that system smoothly exports y, current transformer single-phase PWM duty ratio Variable u in order to control, the four staggered single-phase inductive currents of bidirectional converter are smooth state variable x, i.e.,：
Each mutually 90 ° of mutual deviation in phase of four staggered bidirectional converters, ring controller is in design current：
Wherein：vBFor accumulator voltage, pBKFor four staggered bidirectional converter K phase output powers, iBKIt is staggered for four Bidirectional converter K phase inductance electric currents, vBusFor DC bus-bar voltage, dBKFor four staggered bidirectional converter K phases current transformer duties Than LBKInductance, r are inputted for four staggered bidirectional converter K phase current transformersLKFor LBKSeries resistance is represented per phase converter module Quiescent dissipation, K=1,2,3,4.
The power outer loop feedback control law is：
In formula：Kk1、Kk2(k=1...4) device parameter in order to control；yrefFor the reference value of power y,Respectively power y、yrefDerivative, the derivative for the four staggered bidirectional converter single-phase output power that power outer shroud obtains is that current inner loop is non- The input of the smooth controller of linear differential.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：Distribution light of the invention stores up DC power-supply system power slide control, base In nonlinear smoothing can microcontroller method design inner ring electric current loop effectively solve traditional control method from stability angle Stablize abundant problem narrow, degree of freedom is small based on what small-signal model generated, quiet/dynamic control performance is excellent, to changed power range Wide, load large disturbances applications have stronger interference rejection ability.The it is proposed of this method is regenerative resource and energy storage device Between coordination control and the stability contorting of non-linear current transformer provide the solution of simple possible.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the distributed light of the present invention stores up DC power-supply system main circuit diagram；
Fig. 2 is that four staggered bidirectional converter nonlinear smoothing of energy storage of the present invention can micropower control drawing；
Fig. 3 is that the distributed light of the present invention stores up DC power-supply system DC bus-bar voltage oscillogram；
Fig. 4 is that the distributed light of the present invention stores up DC power-supply system photovoltaic cells output power oscillogram；
Fig. 5 is that the distributed light of the present invention stores up DC power-supply system energy-storage battery output power oscillogram；
Fig. 6 is that the distributed light of the present invention stores up DC power-supply system system total power oscillogram.
Specific implementation mode
Distributed light storage DC power-supply system is mainly made of photovoltaic cells, energy storage battery, current transformer and load, is such as schemed Shown in 1.Realize that the current transformer that light storage is coordinated to control is designed as four staggered on-off modes, wherein：Consider that output power harmonic wave needs Summation cost-effectiveness requirement, photovoltaic cells are by four staggered booster converters and access DC bus, and upper bridge arm uses diode, Lower bridge arm uses IGBT；Energy storage battery accesses DC bus by four staggered bidirectional converters, and upper and lower bridge arm is all IGBT.Four staggered bidirectional converters of energy storage battery group carry out PWM modulation when lower bridge arm, when upper bridge arm turns off, at circuit In Boost discharge conditions；When upper bridge arm carries out PWM modulation, and lower bridge arm turns off, circuit is in Buck charged states.Photovoltaic, storage Two current transformer parallel operations of energy realize the smooth of photovoltaic generation output power using the in due course charge and discharge control of energy storage battery With the quick response of loading demand.
When energy storage battery discharges, bridge arm switch S on four staggered bidirectional converters in Fig. 1BK(K=1 ... 4) is connected in turn Pi/2 radian, lower bridge arm switch SBKˊ is as diode afterflow；When energy storage battery charges, switch SBKPi/2 radian is connected in ˊ in turn, Switch SBKAs diode afterflow, it can thus be concluded that non-linear four staggered bidirectional converter Boost state mathematics of energy storage battery Model is：
Buck state mathematical models are：
In formula：vBFor accumulator voltage, iBKFor energy accumulation current converter K phase inductance electric currents, vBusFor DC bus-bar voltage, dBKFor energy accumulation current converter K phase current transformer duty ratios, C is DC bus output capacitance value, RLoadTo load substitutional resistance, LBKFor storage Energy current transformer K phase current transformers input inductance, rLKFor LBKSeries resistance represents the quiescent dissipation per phase converter module.
It defines and is per phase converter module input power：
pBK=vB·iBK(K=1...4) (3)
Derivation is carried out to four staggered bidirectional converter power equation (3) of energy storage battery, can be obtained：
In formula：pBKFor four staggered bidirectional converter K phase output powers.Consider energy storage battery port voltage approximation not Become, formula (4) can be written as：
Four staggered bidirectional converter single-phase output power are selected smoothly to export y=[y for system1,y2,y3,y4], unsteady flow Device single-phase PWM duty ratio variable u=[u in order to control1,u2,u3,u4], the single-phase inductive current of energy accumulation current converter is smooth state variable X=[x1,x2,x3,x4], i.e.,：
Each mutually 90 ° of mutual deviation in phase of four staggered bidirectional converters, by formula (1), (4), (5) and (6) design current Ring controller is：
It is now analyzed by taking a phase as an example, the 90 ° of acquisitions of mutual deviation in phase of other three-phases can then be obtained by formula (3)：
Must control variable by formula (1), (3) and formula (4)-(5) is：
By formula (7), (8) it is found that state variable and input variable also can be by smoothly exporting and its direct table of limited order derivative Show, smoothly theoretical according to differential, it is a smoothing system that can obtain the energy storage battery current transformer discharge process.Similarly, it can prove Energy storage battery current transformer charging process also has smoothness properties.So four staggered Bidirectional variable-flow system of non-linear energy storage battery For smoothing system.
If control input power reference value is y1ref(=pB1ref), tracking error e1=y1-y1ref, design of feedback control Ring：
Control law, which can be obtained, is：
In formula：τ is the integration variable on time interval [0, t].Formula (10) both sides derivation is obtained：
Desired character multinomial need to be met：
P (s)=s2+2ξωns+ωn 2 (12)
In formula：K11、K12Device parameter in order to control.Comparison expression (11) and desired character multinomial (12), can obtain optimal controller Parameter K11=2 ζ ωn, K12=ωn 2, wherein ζ and ωnIt is it is expected damping ratio and intrinsic frequency.
Formula (10) is substituted into formula (8), closed loop static feedback duty ratio d can be obtainedB1Equation, that is, system can inverse kinematics side when discharging Journey：
Distributed light storage DC power-supply system nonlinear smoothing can microcontroller block diagram as shown in Fig. 2, photovoltaic cells design pole It is worth search method maximal power tracing strategy, realizes maximum power pPVmaxOutput, with power p required for loadLoadrefMore afterwards Reference value of the power difference arrived as four staggered bidirectional converter power control of energy storage, restrains to obtain according to linear Feedback Control Feedback quantity obtains the PWM duty cycle d of energy accumulation current converter using the smoothness properties of systemBK, track photovoltaic cells and the power of load Variation realizes that system power is smooth by the charge and discharge control to energy storage battery.
Design power outer loop feedback control law is：
In formula：Kk1、Kk2(k=1...4) device parameter in order to control；yrefFor the reference value of power y, power outer shroud obtain four The derivative of staggered bidirectional converter single-phase output power is the input of the smooth controller of current inner loop non-linear differential.
In order to verify distributed light storage DC power-supply system nonlinear smoothing can microcontroller method correctness and validity, Modeling and simulation research is carried out to system under MATLAB/Simulink environment.Photovoltaic cells parameter, energy storage battery parameter, Control system parameter is respectively as shown in 1 photovoltaic cells parameter of table, 2 energy storage battery parameter of table, 3 systematic parameter of table.Due to illumination Influence to output power is much larger than influence of the temperature to output power, and temperature change is slow, and emulation ignores temperature to output The influence of power, weight analysis solar irradiation acute variation leads to photovoltaic system output power Spline smoothing situation.
When emulation, T=25 DEG C of temperature is set, illumination initial value is 1000W/m2, in t=4s illumination increase to suddenly 1300W/m2, t=8s influenced illumination by cloud layer and is drastically down to 600W/m2.Bearing power is exported with photovoltaic cells in synchronization Spline smoothing occurs.
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Fig. 3 is DC bus-bar voltage waveform, and Fig. 4 is photovoltaic cells output power waveform, and Fig. 5 is energy-storage battery output power Waveform, Fig. 6 are system total power waveform.By Fig. 3-Fig. 6 it is found that in t=2s~4s load power demand PLoadrefFor 600W, Photovoltaic output power PPVFor 1200W, energy storage battery is charge mode, charge power PB(charge)For 600W.
1) load demand power P when t=4sLoadref1200W is risen to from 600W steps, is caused since illumination increases suddenly Photovoltaic output power PPVmax1600W is increased to by 1200W, energy-storage system quick response system changed power becomes by controlling energy storage Flow device electric current adjustment charge power PB(charge)To 400W.
2) load demand power P when t=8sLoadrefIt is 600W, while photovoltaic output power P from 1200W step decreasesPVmax 600W is reduced to by 1600W, photovoltaic output power is just met for loading demand, and energy-storage system is mainly used for smooth photovoltaic cells output Power swing.
Simulation result diagram 3- Fig. 6 shows：Distributed light storage DC power-supply system nonlinear smoothing can microcontroller method can be complete It is controlled at the quick charge of energy accumulation current converter, is realized with photovoltaic cells output power and coordinate control, compensation photovoltaic-bearing power needs Seek notch, it is ensured that in the case of illumination and load sudden change, system still can keep DC bus-bar voltage steady, output power Smoothly.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of distribution light stores up DC power-supply system power slide control, which is characterized in that photovoltaic cells and energy storage store Battery is accessed by respective current transformer parallel connection on DC bus；The current transformer of photovoltaic cells is four staggered booster converters, Upper bridge arm uses diode, lower bridge arm that IGBT, four staggered booster converters is used to be realized using tracking method of maximum power maximum Power pPVmaxOutput；The current transformer of energy storage battery is four staggered bidirectional converters, and upper and lower bridge arm is IGBT, photovoltaic list The maximum power p of member outputPVmaxWith power p required for loadLoadrefThe power difference compared is staggered two-way as four The reference value of current transformer power control, four staggered bidirectional converters use inside and outside double-closed-loop control, power outer loop feedback to control, Realize that the quick tracking of energy storage battery reference power, current inner loop obtain four using the smoothness properties of energy storage battery charge and discharge The PWM duty cycle of staggered bidirectional converter tracks photovoltaic cells and the changed power of load, by being filled to energy storage battery Control of discharge realizes that system power is smooth；
The four staggered bidirectional converter single-phase output power is that system smoothly exports y, and current transformer single-phase PWM duty ratio is control Variable u processed, the four staggered single-phase inductive currents of bidirectional converter are smooth state variable x, i.e.,：
Each mutually 90 ° of mutual deviation in phase of four staggered bidirectional converters, ring controller is in design current：
Wherein：vBFor accumulator voltage, pBKFor four staggered bidirectional converter K phase output powers, iBKIt is staggered two-way for four Current transformer K phase inductance electric currents, VBusFor DC bus-bar voltage, dBKFor four staggered bidirectional converter K phases current transformer duty ratios, LBKInductance, r are inputted for four staggered bidirectional converter K phase current transformersLKFor the quiescent dissipation of every phase converter module, with input Inductance LBKIt is connected in series with, K=1,2,3,4.
2. distributed light stores up DC power-supply system power slide control according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described Power outer loop feedback control law is：
In formula：Kk1、Kk2(k=1...4) device parameter in order to control；yrefFor the reference value of power y,Respectively power y, yrefDerivative, τ is integration variable on time interval [0, t], and the four staggered bidirectional converters that power outer shroud obtains are single-phase The derivative of output power is the input of the smooth controller of current inner loop non-linear differential.
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CN107732959B (en) * 2017-09-18 2020-10-23 上海电力学院 Nonlinear differential smooth feedforward control method for distributed optical storage grid-connected system
CN109378875B (en) * 2018-11-07 2020-06-19 西安交通大学 SOC (system on chip) balance system among retired power battery modules and control method thereof
CN110212514B (en) * 2019-06-27 2023-04-28 上海电力学院 Nonlinear control method of direct-current power spring based on differential smoothing theory
CN111224544B (en) * 2020-02-18 2021-09-21 中南大学 Current equalizing method, device and equipment for output parallel Buck/Boost converter
CN114172181B (en) * 2021-11-29 2024-03-12 国网福建省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 Impact power and pulse power rapid stabilization method based on two-stage hybrid energy storage

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CN104810857A (en) * 2015-05-22 2015-07-29 郑州大学 Single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system output power smooth control device and control method
CN105656022A (en) * 2016-03-14 2016-06-08 上海电力学院 Nonlinear differential flatness control method for distributed type light storage direct-current power supply system

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JP2014220941A (en) * 2013-05-09 2014-11-20 株式会社東芝 Power converter, and power storage system and power supply system comprising the same

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104810857A (en) * 2015-05-22 2015-07-29 郑州大学 Single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system output power smooth control device and control method
CN105656022A (en) * 2016-03-14 2016-06-08 上海电力学院 Nonlinear differential flatness control method for distributed type light storage direct-current power supply system

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