CN105896305A - Method of accurately and periodically arranging magnets or other objects and apparatus thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of accurately and periodically arranging magnets or other objects and an apparatus thereof belong to the optical instrument laser field. Through using a magnetic effect among powerful magnets and a laser alignment method, the magnets are accurately and periodically arranged on one straight line. A laser standing wave cavity is formed by plane mirrors C, B and A which are arranged in parallel and a circumference vertical to mirror surfaces of the C, the B and the A. For light with a wavelength which is lambda, the C is half-transmitting and half-reflection mirror, the B which is located between the C and the A is a light transmitting mirror or a polarization light transmitting mirror, and the A is a holophote. A BA portion of the laser standing wave cavity is filled with a medium which can radiate the light with the lambda wavelength after being excited. The other side of the C mirror is connected to a light intensity or phase recorder. According to an intensity or phase period change frequency during a C mirror moving process, a C mirror moving distance is determined and then the magnets or the objects connected to the C mirror are accurately and periodically arranged on the straight line or arranged on the straight line according to a needed spacing. The method and the apparatus are used for the fields of a free electron laser and the like.

Description

By magnet or the method and device of the accurate periodic arrangement of other object

Present disclosure belongs to field of lasers in optical instrument.

The necessary accurate period strong magnetic field of background technology free-electron laser, the scheme of new making more short wavelength laser, such as light The scheme of son-electron backscattered making gamma laser also must accurate period strong magnetic field.Make the laser that wavelength is the shortest, Qiang Ci The cycle of field is necessary for the most accurate.The most it is not applicable to make the pinpoint accuracy periodic magnetic field of gamma laser.It practice, The fields such as science and technology, commercial production, medical treatment, a lot of situations are required for accurately arranging some object.In order to make short wavelength Laser, also for the needs of other side, the present invention proposes a kind of by magnet or the method for the accurate periodic arrangement of other object and dress Put.

Summary of the invention is a kind of by magnet or the method and device of the accurate periodic arrangement of other object, it is characterised in that take 2n block bar The magnet A that shape, cross-section center are symmetrical, size is identical, field intensity is the most identical₁, A₂... A_n, B₁, B₂... B_n, magnet here Be strong magnet or wherein supercurrent can produce the superconductor of high-intensity magnetic field；It is being perpendicular to A₁Magnetic direction, by magnet A₁, A₂Magnetic Pole is the most arranged side by side, arranged in parallel, with laser to A₁, A₂Collimate, adjust its position, make A₁, A₂Exactly parallel, center distance For l, A₁, A₂Contrary magnetic pole is in approximately the same plane；B₁With A₁Relative magnetic pole is arranged in parallel along magnetic line of force direction on the contrary, B₁With A₁Spacing is d；Due to the magneticaction of N, S magnetic pole, B₁With A₁Tend to be parallel to each other more accurately, with laser to B₁、 A₁Collimation, by magnetic force finely tune after, temporarily fix B₁；With A₂On relative position, with fixing B₁Same mode is temporarily solid Determine B₂, B₂With B₁Center distance is also l；B₂With A₂Opposing polarities is contrary, spacing is also d, B₂It is parallel to A₂With B₁；With Laser is to A₁And A₂, B₁And B₂Collimate, finely tune its position；By B₂With B₁It is fixed as an entirety, by B₁Around B₂The center magnetic line of force Rotate π angle, the most fixing B on new position₁, and by this B₁Again B it is designated as₁′；Symmetry and B due to magnet₂With A₂Magnetic Power effect, B after rotation₂With A₂Invariant position relatively；Take another block magnet, at B₁Position originally, with initial fixing B₁With The method of sample, fixes this magnet, and is labeled as B₁；With B₁On ' relative position, with initial fixing B₁Same method The most fixing A₃；With laser to A₁A₂A₃, B₁B₂B₁', collimate, finely tune, and fixing A₁、A₂、A₃；By B '₁、B₂As one Individual entirety, makes B₂Around B '₁The center magnetic line of force rotates π；Repeat said process, just by A₁, A₂... A_n, arrange point-blank, And the magnetic field center of adjacent magnets is the most all l, magnet B₁, B₂... B_nAlso it is so, and A_iAnd B_iSpacing is all d, i=1 ... n.

In order to obtain the periodic magnetic field that magnetic field intensity is higher, magnetic pole area is less, at A_iAnd B_iOne layer is all covered on relative surface Or multilamellar superconductive pellet, the thickness of superconductive pellet is more than magnetic field depth of penetration λ_L, there is rectangular aperture in the centre of each layer of superconductive pellet, Cover at each A_iAnd B_iThe shape in same layer superconductive pellet gap on apparent surface, yardstick are the most identical, but each layer superconductive pellet seam The width of gap is different, and the width near magnet surface superconductive pellet gap is more than the width in rear layer superconductive pellet gap；Less than superconductive pellet Critical temperature T_t, critical magnetic field strength H_tWith critical current I_tUnder, arrange these magnetic being coated with superconductive pellet in a manner described Body.

So that the magnetic field cycle is more accurate, except said method, laser standing wave chamber to be utilized adjusts the cycle more accurately.This In laser standing wave chamber, laser standing wave chamber is by plane mirror C, B, A arranged in parallel and the periphery being perpendicular to C, B, A minute surface Constitute；Being the light of λ for wavelength, C is half transmitting, half-reflecting mirror, and the B being between C, A is transmissive mirror or polarizes thoroughly Light microscopic, A is completely reflecting mirror；A, B, C mirror peripheral shape is identical, and A, C mirror reflecting surface is relative；The BA in laser standing wave chamber After being filled partially with being excited, energy radiation wavelength is the medium of λ light；In BA chamber or outside has and can excite its medium to exciting The device of state；The opposite side of C mirror connects with light intensity or position phase monitor；C mirror can along laser standing wave cavity axis continuous moving, In moving process, C minute surface remains parallel to A minute surface；Light path L=n_1λCB₁+n_2λB₁B₂+n_3λB₂A=N λ/2, in formula CB₁、B₁B₂、B₂A is respectively C, B minute surface distance, B mirror thickness, B, A minute surface distance, n_1λ、n_2λ、n_3λIt is ripple respectively The light of a length of λ refractive index in respective paths；When N is an integer, between C, A, form laser standing wave；When N is not During integer, can not form laser standing wave between C, A, through C mirror is not laser, and it is one that its intensity is different from N mutually with position Intensity during integer and position phase；Received by light intensity or position phase monitor by the light of C mirror；Light intensity according to monitor record Or position remembers optical path difference Δ L=Δ N λ/2 and distance S=(Δ N λ/2)/n that change frequency Δ N determined that C mirror moves mutually_1λ； When C mirror move every time correspondence Δ N be all same integer time, just by the object being connected with C mirror successively, be periodically arranged On a straight line；When the Δ N that C mirror moves correspondence is different integer every time, just by the object that is connected with C mirror successively On demand, spacing not etc. has been arranged on a straight line.

Being the light of λ for wavelength, the reflectance of A mirror and the absorbance of B mirror should be the highest.Should easily and accurately by The magnet being connected with C mirror or object be placed on determined by position.During mobile C mirror, praise the CB partial gas pressure in word laser standing wave chamber Constant, C mirror is exactly parallel to A mirror all the time.

Laser in laser standing wave chamber can make single-frequency, can also be multifrequency；During multifrequency, the frequency of these laser is ω, 3 ω ... (2k+1) ω, k=0,1,2 ...；Many frequency lasers producing method has two kinds: in first laser standing wave chamber, BA part is filled out Fill and ω after exciting, can be radiated ... the medium of (2k+1) these frequencies of ω；It two is without B mirror and medium, by reflecting mirror A Replacing with for frequency is ω ... the light half transmitting of (2k+1) ω, the mirror A ' of half reflection；The light of these frequencies from mirror A ' input, When CA '=N λ/2, and the light of these frequencies position phase Φ on C minute surface=n π, n=0,1,2 ... time, the light of these frequencies Laser standing wave can be formed between CA '；The amount that the intensity of input laser reduces due to electron scattering equal to the light of corresponding frequencies, Make the intensity stabilization of laser standing wave；Remaining determines Δ L=Δ N λ_iThe process of/2 is same as described above.

When the N in light path is integer, above-mentioned each frequency all forms laser standing wave, and these standing waves are at the laser standing wave ripple of wavelength X At abdomen, amplitude is added, and the laser standing wave amplitude therefore formed after the laser standing wave superposition of these frequencies is bigger, and waveform is more sharp-pointed, It is more beneficial for making the magnetic field in more accurate cycle.

During arrangement cycle magnet, first can arrange A by laser standing wave method in claim 3 or 4₁, A₂... A_n, then use right Require the fixing B described in 1₁Method, at A_iTemporarily B is fixed successively on correspondence position_i, with laser to B₁, B₂... B_nAnd A_i、B_i Collimation, fine setting, then with determining its position；So, B₁, B₂... B_nIt is periodically arranged in the most successively on a straight line, and A_i、B_i Between distance be all same distance d.

The method of precise alignment non-magnetic object is, first magnet described in these objects and claim 1 is temporarily fixed to one Rise, after method described in magnet claim 1,2 or 5 being fixed, remove magnet, just arranging non-magnetic object ?.

In order to essence bowl rotates and fine setting magnet, by magnet levitation on liquid, this magnet can be fixed after position determines again.

Description of drawings 1 is the magnet front elevation of periodic arrangement.All magnets are all parallel to each other, A_i、B_iOpposing polarities is contrary, Magnetic pole at a distance of for d, and with a line magnet magnetic pole on the contrary, at grade, magnetic field center is away from for l.

Fig. 2 is the laser standing wave chamber profile having B mirror and medium.In figure, A, B, C mirror that shape is identical is arranged in parallel, It is perpendicular to laser standing wave cavity axis；1 is BA cavity, and being wherein filled with after exciting radiation frequency to be ω or ω ... (2k+1) ω The medium of light；2 is the magnet or object being connected with C mirror；3 is to receive and measure the light intensity through C mirror light or the instrument of position phase Device.

Fig. 3 is to the laser standing wave chamber profile not having B mirror and medium.In figure, A ' is to be ω for frequency ... (2k+1) ω Light half transmitting, half-reflecting mirror；4 are incident and are ω through A ' mirror, frequency ... the laser of (2k+1) ω.

It is 0.6 × 0.6 × 2cm that detailed description of the invention takes 12³, magnetic pole area be 0.6 × 0.6cm², magnetic field intensity B=2T Magnet, wavelength 532nm, a laser instrument of power 5W.First, two magnet A are taken₁、A₂, by two magnetic blow out centre apart 1cm, anti-parallel it is placed in non-magnetic horizontal table top, with laser alignment, fine setting, makes N, S magnetic pole of two Magnet be cut in In the plane of same vertical direction.Fixing A₁、A₂.Method as described by claim 1, harmonizes and A₁Corresponding B₁Position Postpone, make A₁、B₁Opposing polarities identity distance, from for 1cm, temporarily fixes B₁, then determine position B₂B is also temporarily fixed in position₂, so After by B₁、B₂It is fixed together.By B₁Around B₂Magnetic field center line rotates π angle, by B₁Re-flag as B '₁, at A₁And B '₁Corresponding The most fixing B on position₁And A₃, with laser to A₁A₂A₃, B₁B₂B′₁, A₁B₁, A₂B₂, A₃B′₁Collimation, by means of A₁B₁, A₂B₂, A₃B′₁Between magneticaction fine setting A₃、B₁Position fixing A₃、B₁.Again by B₂Around B '₁Magnetic field center line rotates π angle, repeats above procedure, finally these 12 Magnet is accurately arranged in two row, with a line adjacent magnets centre distance is all 1cm, two row correspondence magnet poles distances are all 1cm.

Claims (7)

1. one kind by magnet or the method and device of the accurate periodic arrangement of other object, it is characterised in that take 2n block bar shaped, cross-section center is symmetrical, size is identical, field intensity is the most identical magnet A₁, A₂... A_n, B₁, B₂... B_n, magnet here be strong magnet or wherein supercurrent can produce the superconductor of high-intensity magnetic field；It is being perpendicular to A₁Magnetic direction, by magnet A₁, A₂Magnetic pole the most arranged side by side, arranged in parallel, with laser to A₁, A₂Collimate, adjust its position, make A₁, A₂Exactly parallel, center distance is/, A₁、A₂Contrary magnetic pole is in approximately the same plane；B₁With A₁Relative magnetic pole is arranged in parallel along magnetic line of force direction on the contrary, B₁With A₁Spacing is d；Due to the magneticaction of N, S magnetic pole, B₁With A₁Tend to be parallel to each other more accurately, with laser to B₁、A₁Collimation, by magnetic force finely tune after, temporarily fix B₁；With A₂On relative position, with fixing B₁Same mode temporarily fixes B₂, B₂With B₁Center distance is also l；B₂With A₂Opposing polarities is contrary, spacing is also d, B₂It is parallel to A₂With B₁；With laser to A₁And A₂, B₁And B₂Collimate, finely tune its position；By B₂With B₁It is fixed as an entirety, by B₁Around B₂The center magnetic line of force rotates π angle, the most fixing B on new position₁, and by this B₁Again B it is designated as₁′；Symmetry and B due to magnet₂With A₂Magneticaction, B after rotation₂With A₂Invariant position relatively；Take another block magnet, at B₁Position originally, with initial fixing B₁Same method, fixes this magnet, and is labeled as B₁；With B₁On ' relative position, with initial fixing B₁Same method temporarily fixes A₃；With laser to A₁A₂A₃, B₁B₂B₁', collimate, finely tune, and fixing A₁、A₂、A₃；By A '₁、B₂As an entirety, make B₂Around B '₁The center magnetic line of force rotates π；Repeat said process, just by A₁, A₂... A_n, arrange point-blank and the magnetic field center of adjacent magnets be the most all l, magnet B₁, B₂... B_nAlso it is so, and A_iAnd B_iSpacing is all d, i=1 ... n.

2. a kind of described in claim 1 is by kicker magnet or the method and device of the accurate periodic arrangement of other object, it is characterised in that at A_iAnd B_iAll covering one or more layers superconductive pellet on relative surface, the thickness of superconductive pellet is more than magnetic field depth of penetration λ_L, have rectangular aperture in the centre of each layer of superconductive pellet, cover at each A_iAnd B_iThe shape in same layer superconductive pellet gap on apparent surface, yardstick are the most identical, but the width in each layer superconductive pellet gap is different, and the width near magnet surface superconductive pellet gap is more than the width in rear layer superconductive pellet gap；At the critical temperature T less than superconductive pellet_C, critical magnetic field strength H_CWith critical current I_CUnder, arrange these magnets being coated with superconductive pellet in a manner described.

3. a kind of described in claim 1 is by magnet or the method and device of the accurate periodic arrangement of other object, it is characterized in that, device therein is laser standing wave chamber, and laser standing wave chamber is by plane mirror C, B, A arranged in parallel and is perpendicular to the periphery of C, B, A minute surface and constitutes；Being the light of λ for wavelength, C is half transmitting, half-reflecting mirror, and the B being between C, A is transmissive mirror or polarization transmissive mirror, and A is completely reflecting mirror；A, B, C mirror peripheral shape is identical, and A, C mirror reflecting surface is relative；The BA in laser standing wave chamber can radiation wavelength be the medium of λ light after being filled partially with being excited；In BA chamber or outside has its medium can excite the device to excited state；The opposite side of C mirror connects with light intensity or position phase monitor；C mirror can be along laser standing wave cavity axis continuous moving, and in moving process, C minute surface remains parallel to A minute surface；Light path L=n_{1 λ}CB₁+n_{2 λ}B₁B₂+n_{3 λ}B₂A=N λ/2, CB in formula₁、B₁B₂、B₂A is respectively C, B minute surface distance, B mirror thickness, B, A minute surface distance, n_{1 λ}、n_{2 λ}、n_{3 λ}Be respectively wavelength be the light of λ refractive index in respective paths；When N is an integer, between C, A, form laser standing wave；When N is not integer, can not form laser standing wave between C, A, through C mirror is not laser, and its intensity is different from intensity when N is an integer and position phase mutually with position；Received by light intensity or position phase monitor by the light of C mirror；Light intensity according to monitor record or position remember optical path difference Δ L=Δ N λ/2 and distance S=(Δ N λ/2)/n that change frequency Δ N determined that C mirror moves mutually_{1 λ}；When C mirror move every time correspondence Δ N be all same integer time, just by the object being connected with C mirror successively, be periodically arranged on a straight line；When the Δ N that C mirror moves correspondence is different integer every time, just by the object being connected with C mirror the most on demand, spacing not etc. has been arranged on a straight line.

4. a kind of described in claim 1 is by magnet or the method and device of the accurate periodic arrangement of other object, it is characterised in that the laser in laser standing wave chamber can make single-frequency, can also be multifrequency；During multifrequency, the frequency of these laser is ω, 3 ω ... (2k+1) ω, k=0,1,2 ...；Many frequency lasers producing method has two kinds；In first laser standing wave chamber, BA can radiate ω after being partially filled with and exciting ... the medium of (2k+1) these frequencies of ω；It two is without B mirror and medium, and being replaced with by reflecting mirror A for frequency is ω ... the light half transmitting of (2k+1) ω, the mirror A ' of half reflection；The light of these frequencies is from mirror A ' input, when CA '=N λ/2, and the light of these frequencies position phase Ф on C minute surface=n π, n=0,1,2 ... time, the light of these frequencies can form laser standing wave between CA '；The amount that the intensity of input laser reduces due to electron scattering equal to the light of corresponding frequencies so that the intensity stabilization of laser standing wave；Remaining determines Δ L=Δ N λ_iThe process of/2 is same as described above.

5. a kind of described in claim 1 is by magnet or the method and device of the accurate periodic arrangement of other object, it is characterised in that during arrangement cycle magnet, first can arrange A by laser standing wave method in claim 3 or 4₁, A₂... A_n, then with the fixing B described in claim 1₁Method, at A_iTemporarily B is fixed successively on correspondence position_i, with laser to B₁, B₂... B_nAnd A_i、B_iCollimation, fine setting, then fix its position；So, B₁, B₂... B_nIt is periodically arranged in the most successively on a straight line, and A_i、B_iBetween distance be all same distance d.

6. a kind of described in claim 1 is by magnet or the method and device of the accurate periodic arrangement of other object, it is characterized in that, the method of precise alignment non-magnetic object is, first by these objects together with described in claim 1, magnet is temporarily fixed to, after method described in magnet claim 1,2 or 5 is fixed, remove magnet, just arranging non-magnetic object.

7. a kind of described in claim 1 is by magnet or the method and device of the accurate periodic arrangement of other object, it is characterised in that in order to accurately rotate and finely tune magnet, can fix this magnet again by magnet levitation on liquid after position determines.