CN105893695A - Through-flow clearance error compensation method for small-size turbine in cylinder combination state - Google Patents
Through-flow clearance error compensation method for small-size turbine in cylinder combination state Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a through-flow clearance error compensation method for a small-size turbine in a cylinder combination state, belongs to the field of small-size turbine through-flow clearance measurement, and aims to solve the problems that fine through-flow clearance values inside the small-size turbine in a full-cylinder state cannot be measured by using a three-dimensional scanning method and the through-flow clearance measurement precision is low in a conventional half-cylinder state. The through-flow clearance error compensation method comprises the following steps of: firstly, establishing three-dimensional models of different sleeves of a turbine in CATIA software according to different single sleeve component drawings of the turbine; simplifying key parts of the three-dimensional models of different sleeves of the turbine so as to obtain a finite element model; confirming the load of single sleeves to be loaded in the finite element model; leading the three-dimensional models of different sleeves in the CATIA software into ABAQUS software; confirming key point positions to be extracted; extracting key point through-flow clearance values in the half-cylinder state; simulating in the cylinder combination state, and performing finite element simulation so as to confirm compensation quantities of different key points; and compensating key point values according to the compensation quantities in the half-cylinder state. The through-flow clearance error compensation method is used for through-flow clearance compensation on turbines.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to small steam turbine measuring of radial gap in flow passage field.
Background technology
Through-flow gap of steam turbine is the general designation in axially and radially gap between turbine rotor and steam turbine stator, its direct relation
To unit operation efficiency, and through-flow gap is after during unit general assembly, sound part is assembled together, and passes through repeated measurement
And the mode of repair is finally adjusted in the range of design requirement, i.e. the most whether through-flow gap is heavily dependent on assembling
Measure.At present, engineering measures in the conventional mode, to through-flow gap, directly survey is used for turbine shaft
The mode of amount is carried out, and such as directly target location is measured reading with slide calliper rule, Clinometer etc..And for steam turbine radially
The measurement of through-flow gap is to fall into inside steam turbine cylinder by rotor, and the measurement for the radial clearance of the left and right sides uses clearance gauge
Measure, and fall into the general mode using moulding band of the measurement of the bottom after rotor and carry out, i.e. after cylinder lower half installation,
If at the placement dried layer adhesive tape of cylinder internal gap measurement position stacking, rotor being hung out after falling into rotor, then observing and having pressure
The thickness of the adhesive tape of trace, in this, as radial clearance value, owing to the every layer thickness of adhesive tape is 0.2mm.Measure in this way
Precision is 0.2mm, and certainty of measurement is relatively low.
Use non-contact laser 3-D scanning, contact to get the methods such as modern high accuracy such as measurement ready and can obtain Miniature steamer
The through-flow gap value of machine half cylinder state, in actual applications, the through-flow gap value of half cylinder state measurement and actual Miniature steamer
The through-flow gap value closing cylinder state when machine runs has certain difference, needs to compensate the through-flow gap value of half cylinder state
With optimization.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to when solving existing full cylinder state, the internal tiny through-flow gap value of small steam turbine cannot be swept by three-dimensional
Retouch the problem that the measuring of radial gap in flow passage precision of method measurement and existing half cylinder state is low, the invention provides a kind of conjunction under cylinder state
Small steam turbine through-flow gap error compensating method.
Small steam turbine through-flow gap error compensating method under a kind of conjunction cylinder state, the method comprises the steps:
Step one, according to steam turbine each single portion set detail drawing set up in CATIA software steam turbine each portion set threedimensional model,
In steam turbine each portion set threedimensional model key component include front-end bearing pedestal, whole section of rotor, front cylinder upper, front cylinder lower, every
Plate, exhaust casing top, exhaust casing bottom and rear bearing block；
Step 2, to set up steam turbine each portion set threedimensional model key component simplify, it is thus achieved that FEM (finite element) model；
Step 3, the load determining the set of each single portion in FEM (finite element) model according to quality analysis in CATIA software；
Step 4, the FEM (finite element) model obtained in step 2 is imported in ABAQUS software, it is thus achieved that full cylinder assembly is analyzed
Model, more full cylinder assembly is analyzed the front cylinder upper in model and the dismounting of exhaust casing top, it is thus achieved that half cylinder assembly is analyzed
Model；
Step 5, according to steam turbine assembling drawing and factory testing claim determine need extract each key point position；
Step 6, to obtain through-flow gap corresponding to each key point by non-contact laser 3-D scanning under half cylinder state real
Initial value is measured on border；
Step 7, half cylinder assembly analyze the load of corresponding each single portion set that model applies to obtain in step 3, carry out limited
Meta-analysis, it is thus achieved that under half cylinder state, the simulation value of through-flow gap corresponding to each key point in step 5；Again full cylinder is assembled
Body analyzes the load of corresponding each single portion set that model applies to obtain in step 3, carries out finite element analysis, it is thus achieved that full cylinder state
Under, the simulation value of through-flow gap corresponding to each key point in step 5；By under full cylinder state, each key point institute in step 5
Under the simulation value of corresponding through-flow gap and half cylinder state, the simulation value phase of through-flow gap corresponding to each key point in step 5
Corresponding part is the poorest, it is thus achieved that the changing value of the through-flow gap corresponding to each key point；
Step 8, according to corresponding to each key point under double cylinder state of changing value of the through-flow gap corresponding to each key point
Through-flow gap actual measurement initial value compensates accordingly, completes through-flow gap of steam turbine compensation of error.
The each key point position obtained in described step 5 includes: before and after rotor at packing along the circumferential direction on be evenly distributed
At four points, rotor axle at different levels roots along the circumferential direction on be evenly distributed four points, along the circumferential direction go up at rotor tail at different levels band
At four points being evenly distributed, full cylinder cylinder body low-lying area nest along the circumferential direction on four points being evenly distributed and dividing plate at different levels circumferentially side
Four points being upwards evenly distributed.
In described step 8, according to each key point under double cylinder state of changing value of the through-flow gap corresponding to each key point
Corresponding through-flow gap actual measurement initial value compensates accordingly, completes through-flow gap of steam turbine compensation of error
Detailed process is:
The actual each key measuring initial value and step 7 acquisition of the through-flow gap corresponding to each key point that step 6 is obtained
The changing value of the through-flow gap corresponding to Dian is overlapped respectively, obtains the through-flow gap after the compensation corresponding to each key point
Value, completes through-flow gap of steam turbine compensation of error.
The present invention brings and provides the benefit that, combines the technology of the present invention by the way of non-contact laser 3-D scanning,
Achieve the measurement of through-flow gap value tiny to small steam turbine inside；Two is that the present invention first passes through the every actual number of steam turbine
According to modeling, under simulation status, ask for closing the changing value of the through-flow gap corresponding to each key point under cylinder and half cylinder state, root
Actual according to the through-flow gap corresponding to each key point under double cylinder state of changing value of the through-flow gap corresponding to each key point
Measure initial value to compensate accordingly, complete through-flow gap of steam turbine compensation of error so that small steam turbine is through-flow
The certainty of measurement of gap improves 77.5%, improves original traditional method, such as the measuring method of pressing lead wires etc., the inventive method
Simply, measurement result is accurate, and compensation precision is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is cylinder body and dividing plate annexation figure；
Fig. 2 is the sectional view at turbine rotor shaft neck packing chi；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of finite element analysis；
Fig. 4 is to close under cylinder state A, the C at key points at different levels to the curve chart of through-flow gap variable quantity；
Fig. 5 is to close under cylinder state A, the C at key points at different levels to the curve chart of through-flow gap compensation dosage；
Fig. 6 is to close under cylinder state B, the D at key points at different levels to the curve chart of through-flow gap variable quantity；
Fig. 7 is to close under cylinder state B, the D at key points at different levels to the curve chart of through-flow gap compensation dosage；
Fig. 8 is the comparison diagram that rotor closes before and after compensating under cylinder state；
Fig. 9 is that rotor closes under cylinder state, the variable quantity on the vertical direction of the strong point center of circle, left and right extracted；
Figure 10 is comparison diagram before and after the compensation of deformational displacement value at key point b at different levels；
Figure 11 is the data waveform figure of actual compensation dosage at key point D at different levels；
Figure 12 is that A, the C at the key points at different levels after unified rotor reference is to the curve chart of through-flow gap offset；
Figure 13 is that a kind of described in detailed description of the invention one closes small steam turbine through-flow gap error compensating method under cylinder state
Flow chart.
Detailed description of the invention
Detailed description of the invention one: see Figure 13 and present embodiment is described is little under a kind of conjunction cylinder state described in present embodiment
Type through-flow gap of steam turbine error compensating method, it is characterised in that the method comprises the steps:
Step one, according to steam turbine each single portion set detail drawing set up in CATIA software steam turbine each portion set threedimensional model,
In steam turbine each portion set threedimensional model key component include front-end bearing pedestal, whole section of rotor, front cylinder upper, front cylinder lower, every
Plate, exhaust casing top, exhaust casing bottom and rear bearing block；
Step 2, to set up steam turbine each portion set threedimensional model key component simplify, it is thus achieved that FEM (finite element) model；
Step 3, the load determining the set of each single portion in FEM (finite element) model according to quality analysis in CATIA software；
Step 4, the FEM (finite element) model obtained in step 2 is imported in ABAQUS software, it is thus achieved that full cylinder assembly is analyzed
Model, more full cylinder assembly is analyzed the front cylinder upper in model and the dismounting of exhaust casing top, it is thus achieved that half cylinder assembly is analyzed
Model；
Step 5, according to steam turbine assembling drawing and factory testing claim determine need extract each key point position；
Step 6, to obtain through-flow gap corresponding to each key point by non-contact laser 3-D scanning under half cylinder state real
Initial value is measured on border；
Step 7, half cylinder assembly analyze the load of corresponding each single portion set that model applies to obtain in step 3, carry out limited
Meta-analysis, it is thus achieved that under half cylinder state, the simulation value of through-flow gap corresponding to each key point in step 5；Again full cylinder is assembled
Body analyzes the load of corresponding each single portion set that model applies to obtain in step 3, carries out finite element analysis, it is thus achieved that full cylinder state
Under, the simulation value of through-flow gap corresponding to each key point in step 5；By under full cylinder state, each key point institute in step 5
Under the simulation value of corresponding through-flow gap and half cylinder state, the simulation value phase of through-flow gap corresponding to each key point in step 5
Corresponding part is the poorest, it is thus achieved that the changing value of the through-flow gap corresponding to each key point；
Step 8, according to corresponding to each key point under double cylinder state of changing value of the through-flow gap corresponding to each key point
Through-flow gap actual measurement initial value compensates accordingly, completes through-flow gap of steam turbine compensation of error.
Detailed description of the invention two: present embodiment and small steam turbine under a kind of conjunction cylinder state described in detailed description of the invention one
The difference of through-flow gap error compensating method is, each key point position obtained in described step 5 includes: before and after rotor
At packing along the circumferential direction on be evenly distributed four points, at rotor axle at different levels root along the circumferential direction on be evenly distributed four
At point, rotor shroud at different levels along the circumferential direction on be evenly distributed four points, along the circumferential direction go up at the nest of full cylinder cylinder body low-lying area average
Four points that four points of distribution and dividing plate at different levels are evenly distributed on along the circumferential direction.
Detailed description of the invention three: present embodiment and small steam turbine under a kind of conjunction cylinder state described in detailed description of the invention one
The difference of through-flow gap error compensating method is, in described step 8, according to the through-flow gap corresponding to each key point
The actual measurement initial value of the through-flow gap corresponding to each key point under double cylinder state of changing value compensates accordingly, completes
To the detailed process of through-flow gap of steam turbine compensation of error it is:
The actual each key measuring initial value and step 7 acquisition of the through-flow gap corresponding to each key point that step 6 is obtained
The changing value of the through-flow gap corresponding to Dian is overlapped respectively, obtains the through-flow gap after the compensation corresponding to each key point
Value, completes through-flow gap of steam turbine compensation of error.
Embodiment
As a example by under the 13.8MW small steam turbine combination cylinder state of certain model, through-flow gap compensates.
Steam turbine each portion set Three Dimensional Design Model set up in CATIA by step one, drawing of being correlated with according to small steam turbine；
Each portion set Element Design drawing according to small steam turbine, sets up steam turbine Three Dimensional Design Model, according to trim designs figure
Feasibility that paper determines complex model finite element and the position that specifically should simplify.The overall structure of this steam turbine can be largely classified into
Following components, is front-end bearing pedestal top, front-end bearing pedestal bottom, front cylinder upper, front cylinder lower, exhaust casing respectively
Top, exhaust casing bottom, rear bearing block top, rear bearing block bottom, diaphragm internal set at different levels, rotors etc. 10 are main
Part composition.
Owing to the foundation of steam turbine complex leaf can cause the stress and strain model of regional area during finite element analysis meticulous, cause
Finite element analysis computation amount increases severely, and affects computational efficiency.For this reason, it may be necessary to blade is carried out d solid modeling, pass through quality
Analyze the load drawing each grade blade.Then, analysis model is loaded, to realize the effect of analog simulation.Complicated leaf
The foundation of sheet model needs the loading macro options to each shelves data point coordinate Excel, imports to the form of SPL
The generative mode configuration design module of CATIA.
Every grade of molded line of blade is to be total to by two of leading edge and two SPLs of lagging edge and the two SPL
The circle of contact forms.
Molded line after public circle of contact finishing is this grade of Guan Bi molded line of blade.
By molded line at different levels import after form complete molded line shelves, then set up guide wire and initial cross-section, by each shelves molded line according to
Guide wire carries out multi-section physical operation, draws final blade 3D solid.
Moving vane is determined blade installation position according to stator blade established angle, established angle angle changing and 0 grade of molded line position
Put, the total figure of rotor assembling before simplifying after modeling.
Step 2, to set up steam turbine each portion set key component complex model carry out systematic simplification.In finite element analysis
Before, the complex model of small steam turbine key component need to be carried out systematic simplification.Due to finite element analysis Main Analysis cylinder body
It is enclosed within self gravitation, with each portion, the deformation quantity produced, tiny characteristics can be considered in the case of not carrying out stress analysis
Impact on model, such as bolt hole, screw, locally tiny characteristics, the minute shape feature etc. little to overall influence of crust deformation,
All can be simplified.
For rotor portion, unnecessary due to causing during later stage finite element analysis of complex leaf during simplifying
Stress and strain model meticulous, affect computational efficiency, it is considered to the structure of rotor is uniformly assemblied on whole section of rotor by each grade blade,
Whole section of rotor is real to be loaded object, it is provided that enough rigidity, and blade and shroud are all as load.By steam turbine
Each grade blade and shroud simplify accordingly, the change for load of the tiny packing chi at packings at different levels and the rigidity of rotor
Affect little, also should give simplification, consider that rear end gear and shaft coupling are assemblied on rotor, say, that gear simultaneously
Rigidity is not provided, load is only provided.Tiny characteristics at governing stage on rotor is simplified, only retains and carry
Rotor shaft part for rigidity.
For the simplification of small steam turbine block mold, owing to the bolt of small steam turbine is in tightening shape under closing cylinder state
State, the bolt tightened becomes uniform distribution, and quantity is more, and pretightning force causes local, threaded bolt contacts face to be in interference state.?
Front cylinder lower and the coupling part of exhaust casing bottom, can simplify the feature of bolt and mating holes, the contact the two connected
Form is set to coupled situation, to reach the purpose of simplified model.
For front-end bearing pedestal and rear bearing block, complicated structure, the degree of simplification is higher.Some bolts hole of front-end bearing pedestal,
The features such as bolt and unnecessary suspension ring, hanger are all simplified.
Step 3, determine FEM (finite element) model needs load single portion set load.According to blade and neckband at CATIA
Quality analysis in system determines the load of each shelves of rotor.As a example by the 6th grade blade,
After CATIA quality analysis, calculate according to drawing situation and be carried in each shelves blade and the reality of portion's set on whole section of rotor
Border load, draws steam turbine each shelves load value such as table 1.
Table 1 steam turbine each shelves load value
Model after simplification, calculates cylinder upper end atmos-valve load, the atmos-valve load such as table 2 of the cylinder upper end through calculating.
The atmos-valve load of table 2 cylinder upper end
Transmitting power by lug between dividing plate itself and cylinder body, cylinder body provides the support of necessity by lug for dividing plate,
Owing to diaphragm housing ring exists the blade of large amount of complex, affect finite element analysis stress and strain model.Diaphragm housing ring part need to be simplified, by dividing plate
Set thinks that orientation load is loaded on lower cylinder body with lug, and then is delivered on steam turbine cylinder.Cylinder body and dividing plate on-link mode (OLM)
Such as Fig. 1.
Partition quality and lug active area data can be checked in by design drawing, and then calculate the pressure of interaction, with
And dividing plate load data such as table 3 at different levels.
Table 3 dividing plate at different levels load data
Step 4, by each for CATIA portion set threedimensional model import in ABAQUS.
Step 5, determine and need to extract key point position: before and after rotor at packing, at rotor axle at different levels root, rotor is at different levels encloses
A, B, C, D corresponding on a, b, c, d at band (left, down, right, on) point and cylinder body or dividing plate (left, under,
Right, on) put each to change in displacement value.In addition it is also necessary to extract upper and lower cylinder lug displacement and the packing position of dividing plate corresponding point
Move.The position one of the key point measured in the present embodiment has 18 grades, i.e. front sealing gland 1, front sealing gland 2, front sealing gland 3,
Front sealing gland 4,5,2 grades of axle roots of front sealing gland, 2 grades of axle tops, 3 grades of axle roots, 3 grades of axle tops, 4 grades of axle roots, 4 grades of axle tops, 5
Level axle root, 5 grades of axle tops, 6 grades of axle roots, 6 grades of axle tops, rear packing 1, rear packing 2, rear packing 3.Every one-level has phase
Like property, as a example by certain one-level, in finite element analysis software, the key points at different levels of finite element analysis model are measured position
Vertical section is done at place, can obtain between single portion sleeve assembly the through-flow gap sectional view of two annulus compositions, along inner circle circumferential level and
Vertical square is a, b, c, d to four points being evenly distributed, i.e. the left, down, right of inner circle circumference, upper 4 points, along outward
Round week is horizontally and vertically square A, B, C, D to four points being evenly distributed, i.e. cylindrical circumference left, down, right,
Upper 4 points.
Step 6, under half cylinder state extract key point through-flow gap value.
Finite element analysis is that complex model resolves into multiple subelement, each subelement carries out the calculating of numerical solution, with having
Limit subelement approximate simulation complex model.ABAQUS software finite element analysis flow process is as shown in Figure 3.Need definition material,
The parameters such as cross section attribute, assembly relation, contact form, contact condition, analysis step, output variable, load and boundary condition
Arrange.By analytical calculation, output analysis site is along the deflection of assigned direction.
Cylinder state is closed in step 7, simulation, carries out finite element simulation and determines each key point compensation dosage.
The total data extracted is projected from steam turbine front-end bearing pedestal, appoints and take the cross section at a dividing plate inner gland chi, such as figure
Shown in 2.A, B, C, D respectively to through-flow gap variable quantity be by diaphragm gland position displacement and rotor correspondence position displacement become
Change amount superposition is formed.
B, D are that negative indication deformation direction is downward, for just representing that deformation direction is upwards to deflection.A, C are to on the occasion of, table
Show that deformation is directed to axis direction, represent that deformation is remote from axis direction for negative value.Rotor and cylinder body A, C are to for just
Value expression through-flow gap is in the trend that diminishes, and cylinder body B, D point and rotor b point deformation amount are that negative indication through-flow gap becomes in diminishing
Gesture, rotor d point deformation amount is that negative value represents that through-flow gap is in becoming main trend.
The whole load of cylinder state load is closed, including dividing plate load at different levels, rotor load, atmos-valve load and cylinder according to reality
The load of body each several part self gravitation, loads whole steam turbine cylinder.
Drawing convergence solution through finite element analysis computation, owing to data volume is relatively big, the used time is longer, completes 12 incremental steps altogether
Calculating, draw convergence solution.
The data that steam turbine conjunction cylinder state is extracted include at rotor packing front and back at different levels, at rotor axle at different levels root, rotor is at different levels encloses
A, B, C, D corresponding on a, b, c, d at band and cylinder body or dividing plate respectively to change in displacement value, wherein A, C
To from being perpendicular in rotor displacement cloud atlas extraction, B, D extract to from vertical direction displacement cloud atlas.
In addition it is also necessary to extract upper and lower cylinder lug displacement and the packing displacement of dividing plate corresponding point.Thus, it is provided that complete calculating
The data of through-flow gap variable quantity.
The deflection of the lugs at different levels extracted, then, with lug deformation quantity and dividing plate self-deformation amount be overlapped drawing every
Plate deflection.
Table 4 lug at different levels deflection
Table 5 closes under cylinder state deformation quantity at axle roots at different levels
Table 6 closes the deformation quantity of axle tops at different levels packing under cylinder state
Under conjunction cylinder state, front steam seals at different levels and rear packing deflection are as shown in table 7 and table 8.
Table 7 closes the deformation quantity of front steam seals at different levels under cylinder state
Table 8 closes the deformation quantity of front steam seals at different levels under cylinder state
According to each measurement point deformation amount extracted, calculate and close the variable quantity of through-flow gaps at different levels under cylinder state, wherein, A,
C is to through-flow gap variable quantity such as Fig. 4.
Bulk deformation amount owing to being perpendicular on direction of principal axis is less, therefore through-flow gap variable quantity is less, and all presents negative value, table
Show that through-flow gap diminishes.Negative value Producing reason is that rotor causes both sides to broaden due to self gravitation, narrows up and down, with after
The both sides that plate itself is caused by self gravitation under supporting due to both sides lug are narrowed, and middle sinking is caused.This phenomenon is
The most obvious near rear packing, it is primarily due to rotor the most obvious by action of gravity the closer to the 6th grade.And at axle roots at different levels
Deformation is less than at axle top, also itself is affected by gravity less causing at explanation axle root.Become to through-flow gap according to A, C
Change amount, draw A, C to through-flow gap compensation dosage, such as Fig. 5.Visible, the maximum of compensation is only 6um, and offset data exists
Compensation quantity presents irregular form time less.
Owing to the main distinction of two states is vertically to go up, therefore metrophia compensation becomes apparent from along B, D to compensation dosage,
B, D are to through-flow gap variable quantity as shown in Figure 6.
Visible always seeing with regard to one party, the compensation trend of two kinds of through-flow gaps is identical.The weight of rotor, more than 3 tons, is made
The through-flow gap variable quantity becoming rotor conjunction cylinder state is bigger.And B mainly diminishes to through-flow gap variation tendency, D is to through-flow
Gap variation tendency, for becoming big, meets the rotor amount of deflection direction by self gravitation.Show that B, D are to through-flow gap compensation dosage such as
Fig. 7.
Visible, B is towards, to compensation, the directional compensation that through-flow gap diminishes, and D is to being then towards the direction that through-flow gap becomes big
Compensate.
Can draw by analyzing, rotor self amount of deflection can cause D to become big to through-flow gap, and B is to becoming that through-flow gap diminishes
Gesture.Rotor itself can be produced two ends by Moment and broaden, and narrows up and down, and overall through-flow gap change should be in D to change
Greatly, remaining is respectively to the trend diminished.
Step 8, compensate according to the crucial point value under double cylinder state of compensation dosage.
The finite element analysis of small steam turbine upper cylinder body and compensation data
Rotor actual carry out 3 D laser scanning time, state is supported by two V blocks and is scanned with packing chi, this
The result that sample scans and actual cylinder state of closing have bigger discrepancy.This kind of state is carried out finite element analysis.
It is skimble-scamble that rotor supports scanning mode and rotor close the analysis benchmark of cylinder state, first wants uniform data benchmark, for
For rotor, unifying datum is the line at rotor two strong point center, and the data of rotor bow are extracted and all compensated with this benchmark.
Extracting the vertical direction deformation quantity at rotor supports place-centric and be respectively-0.007mm and-0.009mm, mean compensation algorithm amount is
0.008mm, as a example by b point, comparison diagram such as Fig. 8 before and after compensation.
Rotor closes under cylinder state, and the left and right strong point (that is: point (x1, y1), point (x2, the y2)) center of circle extracted is vertical
It is relatively big that direction deformation is respectively-0.0054mm and-0.0591mm difference, needs to carry out linear compensation, such as Fig. 9.
Strong point coordinate and corresponding amount of deflection variable quantity can be obtained, with rotor starting point as circle by the vertical displacement extracted and rotor size
The heart can calculate rotor centerline linear equation, the projection of rotor centerline to x-axis can show that conjunction cylinder state lower rotor part is each
Point deflection compensation amount, owing to projection angle is the most small, therefore approximation regards equal as.Calculate compensating line function, with b to for
Comparison diagram such as Figure 10 before and after example compensation.
Visible, the sag curve figure after compensation is more nearly actual rotor amount of deflection situation of change.After compensating according to unifying datum
Each through-flow some four-way deflection of two kinds of supporting way calculates the relative difference of two kinds of supporting way each point deflections.
Due to the restriction of actual measuring condition, when data acquisition, upper cylinder body is used to survey when supporting platform supporting for four
?.
Owing to this support pattern and the actual deviation closing cylinder state support mode are unknown.To this end, upper cylinder body is in this
The deformation situation planting laying state carries out finite element analysis, and conjunction cylinder state actual with rotor contrasts, to determine through-flow gap
Compensation dosage.
Upper cylinder body supports platform in the case of supporting with four, through finite element analysis, it can be deduced that, the deformation that cylinder body is actual
Amount reaches 0.468mm, and maximum deformation quantity is 342% of the maximum deformation quantity 0.137mm under conjunction cylinder state.Upper cylinder body reality is right
The impact of through-flow gap is conducted by lug.But, if carrying out upper cylinder body measuring state and closing the contrast needs of cylinder state
Unified benchmark.Choose facet to carry out unifying datum as benchmark, extract the lug deflection relative to split.Simultaneously for
Close cylinder state also to need on the basis of split, calculate the data of extraction.
If extracting upper cylinder body relative to split D to deformation data, relative split should be that this grade of packing place is cut
The split deflection in face.Owing to upper cylinder body itself is symmetrical structure, only extract a side data, before being extracted,
Rear packing D to offset data respectively such as table 9 and table 10.
Table 9 front steam seal D is to offset data table
Table 10 front steam seal D is to offset data table
Steam turbine upper cylinder half part 2～4 grades of dividing plates are connected on upper cylinder body by lug, at 2～4 grades of corresponding axle root axle tops
D is exactly the lug result relative to the own deformation quantity superposition of the deformation quantity of split and dividing plate to relative deformation amount, 2～4 grades of axles
Root axle top D is to offset data such as table 11.
Table 11 2～4 grades of axle root axle top D are to offset data
5～6 grades of dividing plates are supported by lower cylinder body, so this two-stage D is that to follow lower cylinder body the same with the big end, lower end to deformation quantity
Relative deformation, i.e. lug deflection and the superposition of dividing plate deflection is drawn on the basis of face.
By the data of actual compensation dosage, such as Figure 11.
Can be seen that the compensation dosage at axle root at different levels is less than the compensation dosage at axle tops at different levels, the mainly rigidity at axle root is greater than
Relative rigidity at axle top.And the entire compensation amount of the 5th, 6 grades of dividing plates is relatively big, main cause be the 5th, 6 grades of dividing plates be to put
Put on lower cylinder body, not by upper cylinder half influence of crust deformation.6 grades of quality of dividing plate own are relatively big, and being 1.6 tons is the matter of two grades of dividing plates
3.4 times of amount, relative compensation dosage is bigger.
The finite element analysis of small steam turbine lower cylinder body and compensation data
Lower cylinder body actual measurement process has first put into 2,4,6 grades of dividing plates, is then taken out by dividing plate, place into 3,5 grades every
Plate.
When FEM calculation, both of these case is loaded respectively, the displacement cloud atlas that 3, the 5 grades of dividing plates drawn load.
Front steam seal and rear packing through-flow gap are affected little by two kinds of load modes, bigger to lug Influence of Displacement.To this end, point
Take the lug displacement under two states indescribably, result such as table 12.The visible displacement by the lug loaded is greater than no-load
Lug.Owing to two groups of dividing plates separately scan, to this end, when superposition lug Displacement-deformation, superposition also should be distinguished.
Lug displacement under table 12 two states
| Load condition | 2 grades of lugs | 3 grades of lugs | 4 grades of lugs | 5 grades of lugs | 6 grades of lugs |
| 2,4,6 grades of dividing plates load | -0.0135 | -0.0098 | -0.0066 | -0.0026 | -0.0021 |
| 3,5 grades of dividing plates load | -0.0153 | -0.0115 | -0.007 | -0.0027 | 0.0026 |
Due to similar at through-flow gap computational methods and axle root at axle top, as a example by the 6th grade of dividing plate through-flow gap compensation calculation,
Extract situation according to rotor data to calculate with regard to conjunction cylinder state and two V block holding states respectively, the relative compensation of rotor each point
Amount, such as table 13.
The relative compensation dosage of table 13 rotor each point
| Point position | Close cylinder state | Measuring state | Compensation dosage relatively |
| a | -0.0010 | 0.0035 | 0.0045 |
| b | -0.0151 | -0.0799 | -0.0648 |
| c | -0.0010 | 0.0035 | 0.0045 |
| d | -0.0150 | -0.0803 | -0.0653 |
6th grade of dividing plate calculates dividing plate Superposed Deformation amount under closing cylinder state and the cylinder state that narrows, and calculates relative compensation dosage,
Such as table 14.
The relative compensation dosage of table 14
Finally, according to dividing plate with rotor relative to compensation dosage, calculate through-flow gap variable quantity, such as table 15.
Table 15 through-flow gap variable quantity
| Point position | Dividing plate compensation dosage | Rotor compensation dosage | Through-flow gap variable quantity |
| a | -0.0013 | 0.0045 | -0.0032 |
| b | -0.0290 | -0.0648 | -0.0358 |
| c | 0.0012 | 0.0045 | -0.0057 |
| d | —— | -0.0653 | 0.0653 |
Wherein the dividing plate under measuring state is placed on rubber blanket scanning.The dividing plate deformation data extracted places shape according to this kind
State is extracted.
Front steam seal is similar with later stage packing computational methods, as a example by 1 grade of front steam seal, and offset data such as table 16.
Table 16 offset data
The through-flow gap compensation dosage calculated such as table 17.
Table 17 through-flow gap compensation dosage
All through-flow gap compensation dosages being collected, A, the C drawn is to through-flow gap offset such as Figure 12.
Claims (3)
1. one kind is closed small steam turbine through-flow gap error compensating method under cylinder state, it is characterised in that the method includes as follows
Step:
Step one, according to steam turbine each single portion set detail drawing set up in CATIA software steam turbine each portion set threedimensional model,
In steam turbine each portion set threedimensional model key component include front-end bearing pedestal, whole section of rotor, front cylinder upper, front cylinder lower, every
Plate, exhaust casing top, exhaust casing bottom and rear bearing block；
Step 2, to set up steam turbine each portion set threedimensional model key component simplify, it is thus achieved that FEM (finite element) model；
Step 3, the load determining the set of each single portion in FEM (finite element) model according to quality analysis in CATIA software；
Step 4, the FEM (finite element) model obtained in step 2 is imported in ABAQUS software, it is thus achieved that full cylinder assembly analyzes mould
Type, more full cylinder assembly is analyzed the front cylinder upper in model and the dismounting of exhaust casing top, it is thus achieved that half cylinder assembly analyzes mould
Type；
Step 5, according to steam turbine assembling drawing and factory testing claim determine need extract each key point position；
Step 6, to obtain through-flow gap corresponding to each key point by non-contact laser 3-D scanning under half cylinder state real
Initial value is measured on border；
Step 7, half cylinder assembly analyze the load of corresponding each single portion set that model applies to obtain in step 3, carry out limited
Meta-analysis, it is thus achieved that under half cylinder state, the simulation value of through-flow gap corresponding to each key point in step 5；Again full cylinder is assembled
Body analyzes the load of corresponding each single portion set that model applies to obtain in step 3, carries out finite element analysis, it is thus achieved that full cylinder state
Under, the simulation value of through-flow gap corresponding to each key point in step 5；By under full cylinder state, each key point institute in step 5
Under the simulation value of corresponding through-flow gap and half cylinder state, the simulation value phase of through-flow gap corresponding to each key point in step 5
Corresponding part is the poorest, it is thus achieved that the changing value of the through-flow gap corresponding to each key point；
Step 8, according to corresponding to each key point under double cylinder state of changing value of the through-flow gap corresponding to each key point
Through-flow gap actual measurement initial value compensates accordingly, completes through-flow gap of steam turbine compensation of error.
Small steam turbine through-flow gap error compensating method under a kind of conjunction cylinder state the most according to claim 1, its feature
Be, in described step 5 obtain each key point position include: before and after rotor at packing along the circumferential direction on be evenly distributed
Four points, at rotor axle at different levels root along the circumferential direction on be evenly distributed four points, at rotor shroud at different levels along the circumferential direction
On be evenly distributed four points, at the nest of full cylinder cylinder body low-lying area along the circumferential direction on four points being evenly distributed and dividing plate at different levels circumferentially
Four points being evenly distributed on direction.
Small steam turbine through-flow gap error compensating method under a kind of conjunction cylinder state the most according to claim 1, its feature
It is, in described step 8, according to each key under double cylinder state of changing value of the through-flow gap corresponding to each key point
Through-flow gap actual measurement initial value corresponding to Dian compensates accordingly, completes through-flow gap of steam turbine compensation of error
Detailed process be:
The actual each key point measuring initial value and step 7 acquisition of the through-flow gap corresponding to each key point that step 6 is obtained
The changing value of corresponding through-flow gap is overlapped respectively, obtains the through-flow gap value after the compensation corresponding to each key point,
Complete through-flow gap of steam turbine compensation of error.
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| CN114166139A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-11 | 智伟电力(无锡)有限公司 | Method for adjusting gap between steam turbine rotor and partition plate hollow nest |
| CN114608419A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-06-10 | 安徽皖能电力运营检修有限公司 | Through-flow clearance measuring tool for steam turbine cylinder of thermal power plant |
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