CN105891955B - A kind of optical fibre polarization-maintaining welding rotation angle alignment methods based on end face figure like cross-correlation - Google Patents
A kind of optical fibre polarization-maintaining welding rotation angle alignment methods based on end face figure like cross-correlation Download PDFInfo
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- CN105891955B CN105891955B CN201610514615.5A CN201610514615A CN105891955B CN 105891955 B CN105891955 B CN 105891955B CN 201610514615 A CN201610514615 A CN 201610514615A CN 105891955 B CN105891955 B CN 105891955B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
- G02B6/2555—Alignment or adjustment devices for aligning prior to splicing
Abstract
The optical fibre polarization-maintaining welding rotation angle alignment methods based on end face figure like cross-correlation that the invention discloses a kind of.The present invention passes through the end face imaging device of heat sealing machine, obtains the image of two sections of fiber end faces, the image in fiber end face region is extracted with image processing techniques；Step-length rotates the first fiber end face area image fusion at an angle, when calculating different rotary angle and the cross-correlation coefficient of the second fiber end face area image fusion, when cross-correlation coefficient highest, corresponding rotation angle was the angle that two sections of fiber end faces precisely align.Optical fibre polarization-maintaining welding rotation angle alignment methods provided by the invention based on end face figure like cross-correlation, suitable for a variety of optical fiber for needing to carry out polarization-maintaining welding, such as panda type polarization-preserving fiber, oval core pattern optical fiber, multi-core optical fiber, have the characteristics that applicability is wide, with high accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fused fiber splices to rotate angular alignment field, be based on end face figure like cross-correlation more particularly, to one kind
Optical fibre polarization-maintaining welding rotation angle alignment methods.
Background technique
Common optical fiber is constituted by a circular core region and around its clad region, but panda type polarization-maintaining light
The structure of fine, oval core pattern optical fiber and multi-core optical fiber end face is more complicated, and polarization maintaining optical fibre has stressed zone in core region two sides,
Multi-core optical fiber has multiple core regions in clad region, and oval core pattern optical fiber has the core region of ellipse.
These optical fiber are needed the end face of two sections of optical fiber is carried out welding at a particular angle in welding, so end face
The precision of rotation angular alignment directly influences the quality of these fused fiber splices, therefore can be high when two sections of optical fibre polarization-maintaining weldings of guarantee
Accurate alignment becomes a key technology in practical application.
Current existing end face rotation angle alignment methods are divided into active alignment method and passive alignment method, active alignment side
Method needs light source and light power meter realization to precisely align, and the device is complicated, therefore applicable scene is restricted, and is not suitable for room
Outer operation, the applicable scene of passive alignment method are then more extensive.
Packaging passive alignment is carried out using image processing techniques, side image or end face figure like can be used.Use optical fiber side
When face image is aligned, the image of side obtains accurately being directed at angle when handling both ends optical fiber align by analysis, utilizes
Side image carries out the image that alignment needs just obtain different angle side in heat sealing machine rotation, to heat sealing machine real-time control
Required precision is high, meanwhile, when being directed at multi-core optical fiber, if the quantity of fibre core is excessive, the image of side can be sufficiently complex, it is difficult to
Analysis processing.With use side image to compare, have the characteristics that applicability is wide, with high accuracy using end face figure like.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as background technique, the present invention provides a kind of optical fiber based on end face figure like cross-correlation
Polarization-maintaining welding rotation angle alignment methods, using the image of fiber end face, by image processing method, to panda type polarization-preserving fiber,
The rotation angle of the optical fiber such as oval core pattern optical fiber, multi-core optical fiber carries out packaging passive alignment, has the characteristics that applicability is wide, with high accuracy.
The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows: a kind of optical fibre polarization-maintaining welding rotation angle pair based on end face figure like cross-correlation
Quasi- method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) it obtains the image of two sections of fiber end faces: the first optical fiber fusion and the second optical fiber fusion is peelled off into the coating of welding end
Layer, two fiber end face cuttings are neat, it is respectively put into the fixture at heat sealing machine both ends and fixes, adjust the position of two sections of fiber end faces
It sets, by the end face imaging device of heat sealing machine, obtains two sections of optical fiber clearly end face figure like respectively；
(2) first fibre cladding Circle Parameters detections fusion: the color image of the first fiber end face fusion is converted into gray scale
Image is filtered gray level image, keeps image more smooth, and reducing to cut on fiber end face influences caused by notch, obtains
Gray level image imgGray；Rectangular coordinate system, the arrangement side of the first row pixel are established by origin of the upper left side vertex of imgGray
To the positive direction for x-axis, the orientation of first row pixel is the positive direction of y-axis；ImgGray is converted into bianry image
The gray value in non-fiber end face region is 0 in imgBinary, imgBinary, and the gray value in fiber end face region is 255；Detection
The edge of fibre cladding in imgBinary obtains the pixel that all gray values are 255 on edge, clicks through to all pixels
Row circle fitting, fits the radius R of covering in the first optical fiber image fusion1, central coordinate of circle is (x1,y1)；
(3) second fibre cladding Circle Parameters detections fusion: step (2) are repeated to the second optical fiber fusion, it is fusion to obtain second
The Circle Parameters of fibre cladding, the radius of the second fibre cladding fusion are R2, central coordinate of circle is (x2,y2)；
(4) the gray scale value matrix of the first optical fiber fusion and the second optical fibre optical fibre region fusion is extracted: with (x1,y1) centered on,
The fiber end face area grayscale value matrix K (m, n) that pixel quantity is m × n is extracted, from imgGray with (x2,y2) be
Center extracts the fiber end face area grayscale value square that pixel quantity is m × n from the gray level image of the second optical fiber fusion
Battle array I (m, n), m, n are respectively the line number and columns of gray matrix, and m, n are odd number and m > 2R1, m > 2R2, n > 2R1, n > 2R2,
The center of K (m, n)The center of circle (the x of covering in as imgGray1,y1), the center of I (m, n)The center of circle (the x of covering in as second optical fiber gray level image fusion2,y2)；
(5) cross-correlation coefficient R when the first optical fiber different rotary angle beta fusion is calculatedβ: with angle step θ by gray value
Matrix K (m, n) is around matrix centerIt carries out interpolation to rotate counterclockwise, gray scale value matrix when rotation angle is β is
Kβ', β=a × θ, a are integer, make matrix Kβ' the center with K (m, n) is overlapped, then by Kβ' in cross the sideline matrix K (m, n)
Location of pixels remove, to Kβ' in the location of pixels that lacks be filled with background gray levels backgroundVal, obtain member
Prime number amount is the gray value matrix K of m × nβ(m, n), the background gray levels backgroundVal refer to that the upper left corner imgGray is pushed up
The gray value of point pixel calculates gray value matrix K when the first fiber spinning angle fusion is ββ(m, n) and the second optical fiber fusion
The cross-correlation coefficient R of gray scale value matrix I (m, n)β, then RβCross-correlation coefficient when for rotation angle being β, when different rotary angle beta
Cross-correlation coefficient RβForm cross correlation number vector R；
(6) first optical fiber fusion and the second optical fiber align fusion: the corresponding angle of maximum element in cross correlation number vector R
Spend βmaxAngle when as first optical fiber fusion and the second fiber end face rotation angle fusion precisely align, the rotation angle that will be obtained
Spend βmaxHeat sealing machine is inputted, the first fiber spinning angle beta fusion is mademax, direction of rotation is consistent with the direction that end face figure like rotates, complete
It is precisely aligned at the first optical fiber fusion and the second fiber spinning angle fusion.
Further, optical fiber fusion need to carry out polarization-maintaining welding, such as panda type polarization-preserving fiber, ellipse in the step (1)
Core pattern optical fiber, multi-core optical fiber etc..
Further, image binaryzation converts threshold value used as th=backgroundVal+k in the step (2), and 1
≤ k≤10, backgroundVal are imgGray background gray levels；The value range of k is 1 to 10, when k value is excessive, two
It will appear core region in value image imgBinary, when k value is too small, cladding regions can not in bianry image imgBinary
It extracts.
Further, the edge detection of fibre cladding uses Canny Operator Method, covering edge picture in the step (2)
Vegetarian refreshments circle fitting uses Hough algorithm.
Further, the interpolation method in the step (5) is bilinear interpolation.
Further, the value range of the rotation angle step θ in the step (5) is 0.05 ° to 5 °.
Further, the value range of the rotated counterclockwise by angle β in the step (5) is 0 ° to 360 °.
Further, K is calculated in the step (5)βThe cross-correlation coefficient R of (m, n) and I (m, n)β, following two can be based on
Any formula in a formula:
Or
Wherein Kβ(i, j), I (i, j) difference KβThe size of i-th row jth column element in (m, n) and I (m, n) expression,
In general, compared with prior art, the present invention can obtain it is following the utility model has the advantages that
(1) the optical fibre polarization-maintaining welding rotation angle alignment methods provided by the invention based on end face figure like cross-correlation, belong to nothing
Source alignment methods, compared to active alignment method is used, without the equipment such as light source, light power meter, save the cost；
(2) the optical fibre polarization-maintaining welding rotation angle alignment methods provided by the invention based on end face figure like cross-correlation, without obtaining
The end face structure feature of optical fiber complexity is taken, process is succinct, and applicable fiber type is more extensive, oval such as panda type polarization-preserving fiber
Core pattern optical fiber, multi-core optical fiber etc.；
(3) the optical fibre polarization-maintaining welding rotation angle alignment methods provided by the invention based on end face figure like cross-correlation, due to rotation
Gyration step-length is adjustable, and alignment precision is high, and alignment error is better than 0.2 °；
(4) the optical fibre polarization-maintaining welding rotation angle alignment methods provided by the invention based on end face figure like cross-correlation, can single step
Two fiber end face images are obtained, related coefficient when different rotary angle is directly obtained by image processing techniques, compared to use
Side is directed at the method that multistep obtains optical fiber side image, and without carrying out real-time control to heat sealing machine, speed is fast, and precision is high；
(5) the optical fibre polarization-maintaining welding rotation angle alignment methods provided by the invention based on end face figure like cross-correlation, in welding
When identical type optical fiber, since the end face figure like of both ends optical fiber is directly carried out computing cross-correlation, compared to auto-correlation end view drawing
Image rotation corner alignment methods, reduce operand, improve the speed of rotation angular alignment.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the method for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the first fiber end face gray level image fusion；
Fig. 3 is the first fiber end face bianry image fusion；
Fig. 4 is the covering edge image of the first fiber end face fitting fusion；
Fig. 5 is the covering edge image of the second fiber end face fitting fusion；
Fig. 6 a is the first fiber end face gray matrix image fusion extracted；
Fig. 6 b is the second fiber end face gray matrix image fusion extracted；
Fig. 7 is cross-correlation coefficient RβWith the correlation curve of β；
Fiber end face gray level image when Fig. 8 is first 193.4 ° of fiber spinning fusion.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
Process of the invention is as shown in Figure 1, comprising the following steps:
First optical fiber fusion and the second optical fiber fusion are peelled off into welding end coat, two fiber end face cuttings are neat,
It is respectively put into the fixture at heat sealing machine both ends and fixes, adjust the position of two sections of fiber end faces, dress is imaged in the end face for passing through heat sealing machine
It sets, obtains two sections of optical fiber clearly end face figure like respectively.
The color image of first fiber end face fusion is converted into gray level image, gray level image is filtered, image is made
More smooth, reducing to cut on fiber end face influences caused by notch, and the present embodiment uses median filtering method, obtains imgGray,
As shown in Figure 2；Rectangular coordinate system is established by origin of the upper left side vertex of imgGray, the orientation of the first row pixel is x-axis
Positive direction, the orientation of first row pixel is the positive direction of y-axis；ImgGray is converted into bianry image imgBinary,
Image binaryzation converts threshold value used as th=backgroundVal+k, 1≤k≤10, backgroundVal imgGray
The gray value of middle top left corner apex pixel, the value of backgroundVal are 8, take k=10, the bianry image as k=10
Cladding regions can be extracted in imgBinary will not extract core region again, obtain threshold value th=18, will using th=18
ImgGray is converted to bianry image imgBinary.ImgBinary is as shown in figure 3, non-fiber end face region in imgBinary
Gray value is 0, and the gray value in fiber end face region is 255；Use fibre cladding in Canny Operator Method detection imgBinary
Edge, obtain the pixel that all gray values are 255 on edge, it is quasi- using Hough algorithm to carry out circle to all pixels
It closes, fits the radius R of covering in the first optical fiber image fusion1For 80 pixels, central coordinate of circle (x1,y1) it is (159,98), such as
Shown in Fig. 4.
It repeats the above steps to the second optical fiber fusion, obtains the Circle Parameters of the second fibre cladding fusion, the second optical fiber fusion
The radius R of covering2For 79 pixels, central coordinate of circle (x2,y2) it is (148,103), as shown in Figure 5.
With (x1,y1) centered on, the fiber end face region that pixel quantity is 173 × 173 is extracted from imgGray
Gray value matrix K (173,173), as shown in Figure 6 a.With (x2,y2) centered on, it is extracted from the gray level image of the second optical fiber fusion
The fiber end face area grayscale value matrix I (173,173) that pixel quantity is 173 × 173 out, as shown in Figure 6 b.K(173,
173) center (87,87) is the center of circle (x of covering in imgGray1,y1), the center (87,87) of I (173,173) is
The center of circle (the x of covering in two optical fiber gray level images fusion2,y2)。
It is with 0.1 ° of angle step that gray value matrix K (173,173) is inverse around matrix center (87,87) progress bilinear interpolation
Hour hands rotation, from 0.1 ° of rotation to 360 °.The gray scale value matrix rotated when angle is β is Kβ', β=a × θ, a are integer, make square
Battle array Kβ' the center with K (173,173) is overlapped, then by Kβ' in cross the location of pixels in matrix K (173,173) sideline and remove, it is right
Kβ' in the location of pixels that lacks be filled with background gray levels 8, obtain the gray value matrix K that number of elements is 173 × 173β
(173,173), the background gray levels refer to the gray value of imgGray top left corner apex pixel, calculate the first fiber spinning fusion
Gray value matrix K when angle is ββ(173,173) and the cross correlation of the second optical fiber gray scale value matrix I (173,173) fusion
Number Rβ, calculating be the formula that uses forWherein Kβ(i,
J), I (i, j) difference KβThe size of i-th row jth column element in (m, n) and I (m, n) expression, Then RβTo rotate cross correlation when angle is β
Number, RβWith the relation curve of rotation angle beta as shown in fig. 7, cross-correlation coefficient R when different rotary angle betaβForm cross correlation
Number vector R.
Maximum element is 193.4 ° of angle corresponding in cross correlation number vector R, at this time R193.4With peak 0.984,
Then 193.4 ° are angle when the first optical fiber fusion and the second fiber end face rotation angle fusion precisely align, the rotation that will be obtained
193.4 ° of input heat sealing machines of angle make first 193.4 ° of fiber spinning angle fusion, the side of direction of rotation and end face figure like rotation
To consistent, postrotational image is as shown in figure 8, complete the first optical fiber fusion and the second fiber spinning angle fusion precisely aligns.
The present invention can be quick, high-precision right using image processing techniques by acquisition fiber end face image as a result,
Panda type polarization-preserving fiber, oval core pattern optical fiber, multi-core optical fiber etc. carry out rotation theta alignment, have applicability wide, with high accuracy
Feature.
Optical fibre polarization-maintaining welding alignment methods provided by the invention, as it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the above is only
For presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is not intended to limit the invention, it is done within the spirit and principles of the present invention
Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of optical fibre polarization-maintaining welding rotation angle alignment methods based on end face figure like cross-correlation, which is characterized in that including following
Step:
(1) obtain the image of two sections of fiber end faces: by the end face imaging device of heat sealing machine, obtain respectively the first optical fiber fusion and
The clearly end face figure like of second optical fiber fusion；
(2) first fibre cladding Circle Parameters detections fusion: being converted to gray level image for the color image of the first fiber end face fusion,
Gray level image is filtered, keeps image more smooth, reducing to cut on fiber end face influences caused by notch, obtains grayscale image
As imgGray；Rectangular coordinate system is established by origin of the upper left side vertex of imgGray, the orientation of the first row pixel is x-axis
Positive direction, the orientation of first row pixel is the positive direction of y-axis；ImgGray is converted into bianry image imgBinary,
The gray value in non-fiber end face region is 0 in imgBinary, and the gray value in fiber end face region is 255；Detect imgBinary
The edge of middle fibre cladding obtains the pixel that all gray values are 255 on edge, carries out round fitting to all pixels,
Fit the radius R of covering in the first optical fiber image fusion1, central coordinate of circle is (x1,y1)；
(3) second fibre cladding Circle Parameters detections fusion: step (2) are repeated to the second optical fiber fusion, obtain the second optical fiber fusion
The Circle Parameters of covering, the radius of the second fibre cladding fusion are R2, central coordinate of circle is (x2,y2)；
(4) the gray scale value matrix of the first optical fiber fusion and the second optical fibre optical fibre region fusion is extracted: with (x1,y1) centered on, from
The fiber end face area grayscale value matrix K (m, n) that pixel quantity is m × n is extracted in imgGray, with (x2,y2) be
The heart extracts the fiber end face area grayscale value matrix that pixel quantity is m × n from the gray level image of the second optical fiber fusion
I (m, n), m, n are respectively the line number and columns of gray matrix, and m, n are odd number and m > 2R1, m > 2R2, n > 2R1, n > 2R2, K
The center of (m, n)The center of circle (the x of covering in as imgGray1,y1), the center of I (m, n)
The center of circle (the x of covering in as second optical fiber gray level image fusion2,y2)；
(5) cross-correlation coefficient R when the first optical fiber different rotary angle beta fusion is calculatedβ: with angle step θ by gray value matrix K
(m, n) is around matrix centerIt carries out interpolation to rotate counterclockwise, gray scale value matrix when rotation angle is β is Kβ', β
=a × θ, a are integer, make matrix Kβ' the center with K (m, n) is overlapped, then by Kβ' in cross the pixel in the sideline matrix K (m, n)
Position is removed, to Kβ' in the location of pixels that lacks be filled with background gray levels backgroundVal, obtain number of elements
For the gray value matrix K of m × nβ(m, n), the background gray levels backgroundVal refer to imgGray top left corner apex pixel
Gray value, calculate the first fiber spinning angle fusion be β when gray value matrix Kβ(m, n) and the second optical fiber gray value fusion
The cross-correlation coefficient R of matrix I (m, n)β, then RβCross-correlation coefficient when for rotation angle being β, it is mutual when different rotary angle beta
Close coefficients RβForm cross correlation number vector R；
(6) first optical fiber fusion and the second optical fiber align fusion: the corresponding angle of maximum element in cross correlation number vector R
βmaxAngle when as first optical fiber fusion and the second fiber end face rotation angle fusion precisely align, the rotation angle that will be obtained
βmaxHeat sealing machine is inputted, the first fiber spinning angle beta fusion is mademax, direction of rotation is consistent with the direction that end face figure like rotates, and completes
First optical fiber fusion and the second fiber spinning angle fusion precisely align.
2. the optical fibre polarization-maintaining welding rotation angle alignment methods based on end face figure like cross-correlation as described in claim 1, feature
Be, optical fiber fusion described in step (1) need to carry out polarization-maintaining welding, including panda type polarization-preserving fiber, oval core pattern optical fiber and
Multi-core optical fiber.
3. the optical fibre polarization-maintaining welding rotation angle alignment methods based on end face figure like cross-correlation as described in claim 1, feature
It is, it is th=backgroundVal+k that imgGray, which is converted to threshold value used in bianry image, in step (2),
BackgroundVal is imgGray background gray levels；The value range of k is 1 to 10.
4. the optical fibre polarization-maintaining welding rotation angle alignment methods based on end face figure like cross-correlation as described in claim 1, feature
It is, the edge detection of fibre cladding uses Canny Operator Method in step (2), and the fitting of covering edge pixel null circle is using suddenly
Husband's algorithm.
5. the optical fibre polarization-maintaining welding rotation angle alignment methods based on end face figure like cross-correlation as described in claim 1, feature
It is, the interpolation method in step (5) is bilinear interpolation.
6. the optical fibre polarization-maintaining welding rotation angle alignment methods based on end face figure like cross-correlation as described in claim 1, feature
It is, the value range of angle step θ described in step (5) is 0.05 ° to 5 °.
7. the optical fibre polarization-maintaining welding rotation angle alignment methods based on end face figure like cross-correlation as described in claim 1, feature
It is, the value range of rotated counterclockwise by angle β described in step (5) is 0 ° to 360 °.
8. the optical fibre polarization-maintaining welding rotation angle alignment methods based on end face figure like cross-correlation as described in claim 1, feature
It is, calculating K described in step (5)βThe cross-correlation coefficient R of (m, n) and I (m, n)β, based on any public affairs in following two formula
Formula:
Or
Wherein Kβ(i, j), I (i, j) difference KβThe size of i-th row jth column element in (m, n) and I (m, n) expression,
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| CN113219589B (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2022-05-13 | 南京邮电大学 | Hoff gradient descent-based panda eye polarization maintaining optical fiber self-adaption axis aligning method |
| CN114325955B (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2023-02-03 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | System and method for automatically aligning fiber cores of multi-core optical fiber |
| CN114236695A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-25 | 深圳市深高新光电技术有限公司 | Automatic coupling method of polarization maintaining device and related device |
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| CN1639603A (en) * | 2002-02-26 | 2005-07-13 | 艾利森电话股份有限公司 | PM fiber alignment |
| CN101419311A (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2009-04-29 | 北京大学 | Countershaft matching method for side elevation of polarization maintaining optical fibre and apparatus thereof |
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| US9057838B2 (en) * | 2011-06-27 | 2015-06-16 | Vytran, Llc | Apparatus and methods for the determination of a birefringence axis of a polarization-maintaining optical fiber |
| JP6274783B2 (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2018-02-07 | 株式会社フジクラ | Optical fiber aligning device, connecting device, aligning method, connecting method |
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| CN1639603A (en) * | 2002-02-26 | 2005-07-13 | 艾利森电话股份有限公司 | PM fiber alignment |
| CN101419311A (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2009-04-29 | 北京大学 | Countershaft matching method for side elevation of polarization maintaining optical fibre and apparatus thereof |
| CN103592722B (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2015-08-05 | 浙江大学 | A kind of panda type polarization-preserving fiber side-looking is to shaft device and method |
| CN105068180A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-11-18 | 北京航空航天大学 | Side-view imaging azimuth-aligning method and apparatus for polarization maintaining fiber |
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