CN105891064A - Non-spherical aerosol particle mixing ratio detecting method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a non-spherical aerosol particle mixing ratio detecting method and device. The method comprises the steps that the mixing ratio of non-spherical aerosol particles is calculated according to the depolarization ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles in atmospheric aerosol, the depolarization ratio of spherical aerosol particles and the depolarization ratio of the atmospheric aerosol, accordingly the pollution type of the atmospheric aerosol can be accurately and visually determined according to the proportion, embodied by the non-spherical aerosol particle mixing ratio, of the non-spherical aerosol particles of the atmospheric aerosol in the aerosol particles.

Description

Method and device for detecting mixing rate of non-spherical aerosol particles

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method and a device for detecting the mixing ratio of non-spherical aerosol particles, which are particularly applied to the detection of relevant parameters of atmospheric environment and belong to the technical field of environmental detection.

Background

Atmospheric aerosols are mixed systems of solids, liquids, and gases suspended in air. The aerosol can contain liquid (fog), fine particulate matters, such as spherical aerosol particles like urban aerosol PM2.5, etc., and also can contain non-spherical aerosol particles, such as site dust, sand storm particles, ice crystals, etc., and the type of the atmospheric aerosol can affect the pollution degree and visibility of the atmosphere, etc. The polarized light meter scattering laser radar can be used as a remote sensing instrument for distinguishing atmospheric aerosol types, and is widely applied to the fields of weather, traffic, environmental monitoring and the like.

The method for distinguishing non-spherical aerosol particles from spherical aerosol particles in the prior art comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly detecting the depolarization ratio of laser echo by using a polarized light meter scattering laser radar, and then basically judging and distinguishing the non-spherical aerosol particles based on the measured depolarization ratio according to the empirical characteristic that the depolarization ratio of the spherical particles is smaller than that of the non-spherical particles.

In the process of the inventor for developing the technical scheme of the invention, the method in the prior art can only subjectively and qualitatively distinguish the spherical aerosol or the spherical aerosol particles by depending on experience, and cannot quantitatively obtain the relative proportion of the non-spherical aerosol particles and the spherical aerosol particles. When analyzing a primary air pollution event, whether sand dust aerosol or spherical aerosol particles are main pollutants cannot be accurately and intuitively distinguished.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method and a device for detecting the mixing ratio of non-spherical aerosol particles, which can measure the proportion of the spherical aerosol particles and the non-spherical aerosol particles in an atmosphere pollution environment and apply the measurement result to the determination of the type of the atmosphere pollution so as to more accurately and intuitively determine the type of the atmosphere pollution.

In a first aspect, a method for detecting a mixing ratio of non-spherical aerosol particles is provided, which includes:

measuring the depolarization ratio of the atmospheric aerosol by using a laser radar;

calculating the mixing rate of the non-spherical aerosol particles according to the depolarization ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles and the depolarization ratio of the spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol and the measured depolarization ratio of the atmospheric aerosol; the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles is used to indicate the proportion of non-spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol.

In a second aspect, there is provided a device for detecting a mixing ratio of non-spherical aerosol particles, comprising:

the measuring module is used for measuring the depolarization ratio of the atmospheric aerosol by using a laser radar;

the calculation module is used for calculating and obtaining the mixing rate of the non-spherical aerosol particles according to the depolarization ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles and the depolarization ratio of the spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol and the measured depolarization ratio of the atmospheric aerosol; the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles is used to indicate the proportion of non-spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol.

The invention provides a method and a device for detecting the mixing ratio of non-spherical aerosol particles, which are used for calculating the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles in atmospheric aerosol through the depolarization ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol, the depolarization ratio of the spherical aerosol particles and the depolarization ratio of the atmospheric aerosol, so that the pollution type of the atmospheric aerosol can be more accurately and intuitively determined according to the proportion of the non-spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol, which is reflected by the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles, in the aerosol particles.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for detecting a mixing ratio of non-spherical aerosol particles according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a non-spherical aerosol particle mixing ratio detection apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following describes the method and apparatus for detecting the mixing ratio of non-spherical aerosol particles according to the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Atmospheric aerosols are mixed systems of solids, liquids, and gases suspended in air. The aerosol can contain spherical aerosol particles such as liquid (fog), fine particulate matters (such as urban aerosol PM2.5) and the like, and also can contain non-spherical aerosol particles (such as site dust, sand storm particles, ice crystals and the like), and the type of the atmospheric aerosol can influence the pollution degree, the visibility and the like of the atmosphere. In a stable local atmospheric environment, spherical aerosol particles such as water drops, fog drops, urban aerosol PM2.5 and the like, and non-spherical aerosol particles such as floating dust, sand dust, ice crystals and the like are uniformly dispersed in the atmosphere to form a stable mixed system, and light rays can be transmitted and scattered when passing through the environment filled with atmospheric aerosol. Wherein, the mixing proportion of the spherical aerosol particles such as water drops and fog drops, urban aerosol PM2.5 and the like and the non-spherical aerosol particles such as floating dust, sand dust, ice crystals and the like can cause influence on the transmission and scattering characteristics of light, and the influence is stable corresponding to the light with the same wavelength. In addition, the depolarization ratios of different-shaped particles (spherical aerosol particles such as water droplets, fog droplets, and urban aerosol PM2.5, and non-spherical aerosol particles such as fly ash, sand dust, and ice crystals) are different for the same atmospheric environment (i.e., spherical aerosol particles such as water droplets, fog droplets, and the like, and non-spherical aerosol particles such as fly ash, sand dust, and ice crystals, and the like, which have the same mixing ratio). In the technical scheme of the invention, the characteristic is utilized, the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles is further calculated and obtained through the depolarization ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles and the depolarization ratio of the spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol and the depolarization ratio of the atmospheric aerosol, and the pollution type of the atmospheric aerosol can be determined more accurately and intuitively according to the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles. In addition, the proportion of the spherical aerosol particles and the non-spherical aerosol particles in the air pollution environment can be further calculated on the basis of obtaining the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles.

Example one

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for detecting a mixing ratio of non-spherical aerosol particles according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, including:

and step 101, measuring the depolarization ratio of the atmospheric aerosol by using a laser radar.

Specifically, can adopt the meter scattering laser radar of polarization to measure, this meter scattering laser radar of polarization launches the laser beam to the atmosphere, the laser beam of transmission is the linear polarization, the spherical aerosol particle and the non-spherical aerosol particle of aerosol particle in the laser beam and the atmosphere, form the scattered light, the backscatter signal is received by laser radar, the depolarization of the backscatter light that spherical aerosol particle and non-spherical aerosol particle produced is different, the depolarization that spherical aerosol particle produced is less than non-spherical aerosol particle, the backscatter signal is received by the detector respectively after being split by laser radar's polarization optical module, reach the purpose of measuring aerosol depolarization ratio.

102, calculating and obtaining the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles according to the depolarization ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles and the depolarization ratio of the spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol and the measured depolarization ratio of the atmospheric aerosol.

Wherein the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles is used to indicate the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol.

And calculating the mixing rate of the non-spherical aerosol particles according to the depolarization ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles and the depolarization ratio of the spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol and the measured depolarization ratio of the atmospheric aerosol. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles was calculated by the following formula:

$R=\frac{({\mathrm{\δ}}^p-{\mathrm{\δ}}^{nd})(1+{\mathrm{\δ}}^d)}{({\mathrm{\δ}}^d-{\mathrm{\δ}}^{nd})(1+{\mathrm{\δ}}^p)}\mathrm{...}\left(1\right)$

wherein R is the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles,^pis the depolarization ratio of the atmospheric aerosol,^ndis the depolarization ratio of the spherical aerosol particles,^dthe depolarization ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles.

The manner in which the mixing ratio of the aerosol particles is derived is described in detail below.

(1) Derivation of non-spherical aerosol particle mixing ratio

In the step of measuring the depolarization ratio of the atmospheric aerosol by using the laser radar, the depolarization ratio of the atmospheric aerosol is calculated by the following formula:

${\mathrm{\δ}}^p=\frac{{\mathrm{\β}}_{\⊥}^d+{\mathrm{\β}}_{\⊥}^{nd}}{{\mathrm{\β}}_{\left|\right|}^d+{\mathrm{\β}}_{\left|\right|}^{nd}}\mathrm{...}\left(2\right)$

wherein,is the vertical component of the backscattering coefficient of non-spherical aerosol particles,is the vertical component of the backscattering coefficient of spherical aerosol particles,is the parallel component of the backscattering coefficient of non-spherical aerosol particles,is the parallel component of the backscattering coefficient of spherical aerosol particles.

The perpendicular component of the backscattering coefficient of the non-spherical aerosol particlesParallel component of backscattering coefficient of non-spherical aerosol particlesThe following relationship is satisfied in the optical characteristics:

${\mathrm{\β}}^d={\mathrm{\β}}_{\⊥}^d+{\mathrm{\β}}_{\left|\right|}^d\mathrm{...}\left(3\right)$

wherein, β^dIs the backscattering coefficient of non-spherical aerosol particles. By analogy, the vertical component of the backscattering coefficient of spherical aerosol particlesParallel component of backscattering coefficient with spherical aerosol particlesThe following relationship is satisfied in the optical characteristics:

${\mathrm{\β}}^{nd}={\mathrm{\β}}_{\⊥}^{nd}+{\mathrm{\β}}_{\left|\right|}^{nd}\mathrm{...}\left(4\right)$

wherein, β^ndSpherical aerosol particle backscattering coefficient.

Furthermore, the perpendicular component of the backscattering coefficient of non-spherical aerosol particlesParallel component of backscattering coefficient for non-spherical aerosol particlesVertical component of spherical aerosol particle backscattering coefficientAnd the parallel component of the backscattering coefficient of spherical aerosol particlesThe following relationships are also satisfied, respectively:

${\mathrm{\β}}_{\left|\right|}^d=\frac{{\mathrm{\β}}^d}{1+{\mathrm{\δ}}^d}\mathrm{...}\left(5\right)$

wherein,^dthe depolarization ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles.

${\mathrm{\β}}_{\⊥}^d=\frac{{\mathrm{\β}}^d{\mathrm{\δ}}^d}{1+{\mathrm{\δ}}^d}\mathrm{...}\left(6\right)$

${\mathrm{\β}}_{\left|\right|}^{nd}=\frac{{\mathrm{\β}}^{nd}}{1+{\mathrm{\δ}}^{nd}}\mathrm{...}\left(7\right)$

Wherein,^ndthe depolarization ratio of the spherical aerosol particles is shown.

${\mathrm{\β}}_{\⊥}^{nd}=\frac{{\mathrm{\β}}^{nd}{\mathrm{\δ}}^{nd}}{1+{\mathrm{\δ}}^{nd}}\mathrm{...}\left(8\right)$

Formula (5), formula (6), formula (7), and formula (8) can be substituted into formula (2) to obtain:

${\mathrm{\δ}}^p=\frac{\frac{{\mathrm{\β}}^d{\mathrm{\δ}}^d}{1+{\mathrm{\δ}}^d}+\frac{{\mathrm{\β}}^{nd}{\mathrm{\δ}}^{nd}}{1+{\mathrm{\δ}}^{nd}}}{\frac{{\mathrm{\β}}^d}{1+{\mathrm{\δ}}^d}+\frac{{\mathrm{\β}}^{nd}}{1+{\mathrm{\δ}}^{nd}}}=\frac{{\mathrm{\β}}^d{\mathrm{\δ}}^d(1+{\mathrm{\δ}}^{nd})+{\mathrm{\β}}^{nd}{\mathrm{\δ}}^{nd}(1+{\mathrm{\δ}}^d)}{{\mathrm{\β}}^d(1+{\mathrm{\δ}}^{nd})+{\mathrm{\β}}^{nd}(1+{\mathrm{\δ}}^d)}\mathrm{...}\left(9\right)$

spherical aerosol particle backscattering coefficient β^ndBackscatter coefficient β for non-spherical aerosol particles^dThe following relationships are satisfied:

β^nd＝β^p-β^d…………………………………………(10)

wherein, β^pIs the backscattering coefficient of the aerosol particles.

By substituting formula (10) for formula (9):

${\mathrm{\β}}^d={\mathrm{\β}}^p\frac{({\mathrm{\δ}}^p-{\mathrm{\δ}}^{nd})(1+{\mathrm{\δ}}^d)}{({\mathrm{\δ}}^d-{\mathrm{\δ}}^{nd})(1+{\mathrm{\δ}}^p)}\mathrm{...}\left(11\right)$

can make the factor in the formula (11)R is the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles, and (1-R) is the mixing ratio of the spherical aerosol particles.

(2) Derivation of the mixing ratio of spherical Aerosol particles

The main difference between the derivation of the mixing ratio of spherical aerosol particles and the derivation of the mixing ratio of non-spherical aerosol particles is that the backscattering coefficient β of spherical aerosol particles^ndBackscatter coefficient β for non-spherical aerosol particles^dThe following relationships are satisfied:

β^d＝β^p-β^nd………………………………………(12)

wherein, β^pIs the backscattering coefficient of the aerosol particles.

By substituting formula (12) for formula (9):

${\mathrm{\β}}^{nd}={\mathrm{\β}}^p\frac{({\mathrm{\δ}}^d-{\mathrm{\δ}}^p)(1+{\mathrm{\δ}}^{nd})}{({\mathrm{\δ}}^d-{\mathrm{\δ}}^{nd})(1+{\mathrm{\δ}}^p)}\mathrm{...}\left(13\right)$

can make the factor in the formula (13)R 'is the mixing ratio of the spherical aerosol particles, and (1-R') is notSpherical aerosol particle mixing ratio.

Further, the contamination type of the atmospheric aerosol may also be determined after step 102 based on the mixing ratio of non-spherical or spherical aerosol particles.

Specifically, the type of the atmospheric aerosol can be determined according to the mixing ratio of spherical aerosol particles and non-spherical aerosol particles in the aerosol, so that the type of the atmospheric aerosol is more intuitively related to the air pollution degree, and the contribution of the spherical aerosol particles and the non-spherical aerosol particles to the air pollution can be particularly reflected.

Example two

In order to further calculate the respective proportions of the spherical aerosol particles and the non-spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol, after the step of determining the pollution type of the atmospheric aerosol according to the mixing ratio of the aerosol particles in the previous embodiment of the present invention, the method may further include: the backscattering coefficient of the non-spherical aerosol particles and the backscattering coefficient of the spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol are calculated by the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles.

The backscattering coefficient of spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol was calculated from the mixing ratio of non-spherical aerosol particles as described above. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the backscattering coefficient of the spherical aerosol particles was calculated by the following formula:

β^nd＝(1-R)β^p…………………………………(14)

wherein, β^ndIs the backscattering coefficient of spherical aerosol particles, R is the mixing ratio of non-spherical aerosol particles, β^pIs the backscattering coefficient of the aerosol particles.

The calculating of the backscattering coefficient of the non-spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol by the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles specifically includes: calculating the backscattering coefficient of the non-spherical aerosol particles by the following formula

β^d＝Rβ^p…………………………………(15)

Wherein, β^dIs the backscattering coefficient of the non-spherical aerosol particles, R is the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles, β^pIs the backscattering coefficient of the aerosol particles.

In addition, another calculation method capable of calculating extinction coefficients of atmospheric aerosols of spherical aerosol particles and non-spherical aerosol particles is further provided in the embodiments of the present invention, and after determining the pollution type of atmospheric aerosols according to the mixing ratio of aerosol particles, the method may further include: the extinction coefficient of spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol and the extinction coefficient of non-spherical aerosol particles were calculated from the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles.

The extinction coefficient of spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol was calculated from the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles as described above. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the extinction coefficient of the spherical aerosol particles was calculated by the following formula:

σ^nd＝(1-R)σ^p…………………………………(16)

wherein σ^ndIs the extinction coefficient of spherical aerosol particles, R is the mixing ratio of non-spherical aerosol particles, sigma^pIs the total extinction coefficient of the aerosol particles.

The extinction coefficient of the non-spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol was calculated from the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles as described above. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the extinction coefficient of the non-spherical aerosol particles was calculated by the following formula:

σ^d＝Rσ^p…………………………………(17)

wherein σ^dIs the extinction coefficient of the non-spherical aerosol particles, R is the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles, sigma^pIs the total extinction coefficient of the aerosol particles.

EXAMPLE III

The embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for detecting a mixing ratio of non-spherical aerosol particles, and fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the device for detecting a mixing ratio of non-spherical aerosol particles provided in the third embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the device includes: a measuring module 31 and a calculating module 32.

And the measuring module 31 is used for measuring the depolarization ratio of the atmospheric aerosol by using a laser radar.

And the calculating module 32 is configured to calculate and obtain a mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles according to the depolarization ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles and the depolarization ratio of the spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol and the measured depolarization ratio of the atmospheric aerosol.

Wherein the mixing ratio of non-spherical aerosol particles is used to indicate the proportion of non-spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol.

Further, the calculation module can also determine the pollution type of the atmospheric aerosol according to the mixing rate of the non-spherical aerosol particles after calculating the mixing rate of the non-spherical aerosol particles. Wherein, the laser radar can be a polarization meter scattering laser radar.

The measurement module 31 calculates the depolarization ratio of the atmospheric aerosol by using equation (2).

The calculating module 32 calculates the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles by the equation (1).

Example four

The calculation module 32 in the non-spherical aerosol particle mixing ratio detection apparatus in the embodiment of the present invention may be further configured to calculate a backscattering coefficient of spherical aerosol particles and a backscattering coefficient of non-spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol according to the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles.

Accordingly, the calculation module 32 may include a first calculation unit configured to calculate the backscattering coefficient of spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol according to the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles, and a second calculation unit configured to calculate the backscattering coefficient of non-spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol according to the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles.

The first calculation unit calculates the backscattering coefficient of spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol according to the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the first calculation unit calculates the backscattering coefficient of the spherical aerosol particles by equation (14).

The second calculation unit calculates the backscattering coefficient of the non-spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol by the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the second calculation unit calculates the backscattering coefficient of the non-spherical aerosol particles by equation (15).

In addition, another detection device capable of calculating extinction coefficients of spherical aerosol particles and non-spherical aerosol particles is provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and on the basis of the detection device for the mixing ratio of non-spherical aerosol particles provided in the previous embodiment, the calculation module 32 may be further configured to calculate the extinction coefficients of spherical aerosol particles and non-spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol according to the mixing ratio of non-spherical aerosol particles.

Specifically, the calculation module 32 may further include: a third calculating unit and a fourth calculating unit. The third calculation unit calculates the extinction coefficient of spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol according to the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles, and the fourth calculation unit calculates the extinction coefficient of the non-spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol according to the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles.

The third calculation unit calculates the extinction coefficient of spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol from the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the third calculation unit calculates the extinction coefficient of the spherical aerosol particles by equation (16).

The fourth calculation unit calculates the extinction coefficient of the non-spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol from the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the extinction coefficient of the non-spherical aerosol particles was calculated by equation (17).

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A method for detecting the mixing ratio of non-spherical aerosol particles is characterized by comprising the following steps:

measuring the depolarization ratio of the atmospheric aerosol by using a laser radar;

calculating the mixing rate of the non-spherical aerosol particles according to the depolarization ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles and the depolarization ratio of the spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol and the measured depolarization ratio of the atmospheric aerosol; the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles is used to indicate the proportion of non-spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol.

2. The method for detecting the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles according to claim 1, wherein the calculating the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles according to the depolarization ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles and the depolarization ratio of the spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol and the measured depolarization ratio of the atmospheric aerosol comprises:

calculating the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles by the following formula:

$R=\frac{({\mathrm{\δ}}^p-{\mathrm{\δ}}^{nd})(1+{\mathrm{\δ}}^d)}{({\mathrm{\δ}}^d-{\mathrm{\δ}}^{nd})(1+{\mathrm{\δ}}^p)},$

wherein R is the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles,^pis the depolarization ratio of the atmospheric aerosol,^ndis the depolarization ratio of the spherical aerosol particles,^dis the depolarization ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising, after the calculating the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles, the step of:

calculating the backscattering coefficient of the non-spherical aerosol particles and the backscattering coefficient of the spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol through the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the calculating the backscattering coefficient of the non-spherical aerosol particles and the backscattering coefficient of the spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol by the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles comprises:

calculating the backscattering coefficient of the spherical aerosol particles by the following formula:

β^nd＝(1-R)β^p，

wherein, β^ndIs the backscattering coefficient of the spherical aerosol particles, R is the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles, β^pIs the backscattering coefficient of the aerosol particles.

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the calculating the backscattering coefficient of the non-spherical aerosol particles and the backscattering coefficient of the spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol by the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles comprises:

calculating the backscattering coefficient of the non-spherical aerosol particles by the following formula:

β^d＝Rβ^p，

wherein, β^dIs the backscattering coefficient of the non-spherical aerosol particles, R is the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles, β^pIs the total backscattering coefficient of the aerosol particles.

6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising, after the calculating the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles, the step of:

and calculating the extinction coefficient of the spherical aerosol particles and the extinction coefficient of the non-spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol through the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the calculating the extinction coefficient of the spherical aerosol particles and the extinction coefficient of the non-spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol by the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles comprises:

calculating the extinction coefficient of the spherical aerosol particles by the following formula:

σ^nd＝(1-R)σ^p，

wherein σ^ndIs the extinction coefficient of the spherical aerosol particles, R is the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles, sigma^pIs the total extinction coefficient of the aerosol particles.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the calculating the extinction coefficient of the spherical aerosol particles and the extinction coefficient of the non-spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol by the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles comprises:

calculating the extinction coefficient of the non-spherical aerosol particles by the following formula:

σ^d＝Rσ^p，

wherein σ^dIs the extinction coefficient of the non-spherical aerosol particles, R is the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles, sigma^pIs the total extinction coefficient of the aerosol particles.

9. An apparatus for detecting a mixing ratio of non-spherical aerosol particles, comprising:

the measuring module is used for measuring the depolarization ratio of the atmospheric aerosol by using a laser radar;

the calculation module is used for calculating and obtaining the mixing rate of the non-spherical aerosol particles according to the depolarization ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles and the depolarization ratio of the spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol and the measured depolarization ratio of the atmospheric aerosol; the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles is used to indicate the proportion of non-spherical aerosol particles in the atmospheric aerosol.

10. The apparatus of claim 9,

the calculation module is specifically configured to calculate a mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles by using the following formula:

$R=\frac{({\mathrm{\δ}}^p-{\mathrm{\δ}}^{nd})(1+{\mathrm{\δ}}^d)}{({\mathrm{\δ}}^d-{\mathrm{\δ}}^{nd})(1+{\mathrm{\δ}}^p)},$

wherein R is the mixing ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles,^pis the depolarization ratio of the atmospheric aerosol,^ndis the depolarization ratio of the spherical aerosol particles,^dis the depolarization ratio of the non-spherical aerosol particles.