CN105890548A - Method for estimating forest parameter based on inter-trunk pores - Google Patents

Method for estimating forest parameter based on inter-trunk pores Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105890548A
CN105890548A CN201610289132.XA CN201610289132A CN105890548A CN 105890548 A CN105890548 A CN 105890548A CN 201610289132 A CN201610289132 A CN 201610289132A CN 105890548 A CN105890548 A CN 105890548A
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trunk
forest
hole
laser
breastheight
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CN105890548B (en
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范渭亮
杜华强
周国模
舒俊
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Zhejiang A&F University ZAFU
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Zhejiang A&F University ZAFU
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/28—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring areas

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Complex Calculations (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for estimating a forest parameter based on inter-trunk pores. The method comprises the steps that firstly, a laser range fiber collects distance data of a forest sample plot and takes the data as original data; secondly, information of trunks which are completely not shielded is extracted from the original data; thirdly, a trunk pore proportion is extracted from the original data, and the sum of breast-height radiuses of all the trunks in the forest sample plot is calculated according to the proportion; fourthly, the sum of breast-height radiuses of the trunks which are completely not shielded is calculated according to the result obtained at the third step; fifthly, the quantity of the trunks of each hectare is estimated according to the results obtained at the third and fourth steps; and sixthly, a breast-height basal area of each hectare is estimated according to the results obtained at the third and fourth steps. The invention relates to the method for forest parameter estimation and especially relates to the method for estimation of a trunk density and a trunk breast-height basal area in a unit area of sample plot based on the pore size and the pore distribution among the trunks. The method disclosed by the invention can effectively solve the problem that the trunk density and the breast-height basal area are underestimated due to mutual shielding of the trunks. By the method, more accurate estimated values of forest canopy parameters can be obtained in fields of forest resource management, forestry investigation and scientific research.

Description

A kind of method utilizing hole between trunk to estimate forest parameters
[technical field]
The present invention relates to a kind of forest parameters method of estimation, the pore size between referring in particular to according to trunk and distribution estimating The method of trunk basal area in stem density (strain number density) and unit are sample ground.The present invention is to utilize hole between trunk A kind of new forest parameters method of estimation is set up in size and distribution, mutually blocks, between mainly solving due to trunk, the tree caused Dry density and basal area underestimate problem.
[background technology]
Trunk basal area in stem density and unit are sample ground is two basic forest parameters.The two is joined Number is put into practice in environmental management, all play an important role in forest inventory investigation and forestry scientific research.
If the trunk basal area in stem density to be obtained or unit are sample ground, most basic method is by Every wood dipping.Advantage of this is that and can obtain the two forest parameters the most accurately, but need substantial amounts of manpower and materials As support, the observation often completing a sample ground is also required to take a substantial amount of time.
It is theoretical that Austria silviculturist Bitterlich W. has invented angle gauge survey in nineteen forty-seven, and this theory is general not wait Point sampling based on measure the basal area on forest sample ground, and then extrapolate stem density.The method is the most permissible Obtain the unbiased esti-mator to forest parameters, and work efficiency is greatly improved in practice.But, in the actual mechanical process of angle gauge In, stand in same position all the time due to operator, sight line cannot arrive trunk overlapped after the part that is blocked, thus result in Number of plants per unit area and unit are basal area are underestimated.Especially when stem density is bigger, forest parameters is underestimated Degree can be more serious.Along with forest observation instrument and the continuous progress of means, forest parameters estimation theory does not has big entering Exhibition, the most popular remains FOREST MEASURATION WITH ANGLE GAUGE.
In recent years, laser radar technique is widely used in forest parameters observation, has an advantage in that distance measurement function.Laser radar Method obtains the three-dimensional point cloud of scale Forest Scene generally by the mode of laser ranging, and after rebuilding three-dimensional point cloud, statistics obtains Obtaining forest parameters, this method is similar to every wood dipping.Also the algorithm having fraction of laser light radar to use have employed angle gauge survey reason Opinion, such as the Echidna instrument of the exploitations in 2008 such as Strahler.It is currently based on the forest parameters method of estimation of laser radar still The problem that could not solve mutually to block between trunk.
[summary of the invention]
For the problem solving mutually to block the stem density caused due to trunk and trunk basal area is underestimated, this Invention proposes a kind of method utilizing hole between trunk to estimate forest parameters, and this new method needs to adopt by laser range finder The range data of collection realizes.
The concrete technical scheme of the present invention is:
(1). laser range finder gathers forest sample ground data.It is the most slow in Forest Canopy that operator carries laser range finder Going slowly away straight line, laser is launched and automatic reception echo with higher frequency, and recording laser launch point and trunk automatically The distance of certain point.The ray making laser range finder launch in walking process remains at the level of breastheight position (about 1.3 meters) On face, and with the vertical line direction α at a certain angle of direct of travel.The threshold measurement distance assuming laser range finder is m rice, as Really certain laser launched does not gets to trunk during advancing, then the distance of this laser beam is designated as m rice, is i.e. considered tree Hole between Gan；If getting to trunk, then the distance of this laser beam be reality between laser emission point and trunk point away from From.
(2). extract the trunk information not being blocked completely in initial data.The data collected according to laser range finder, filter Go the trunk information being blocked, retain the trunk information not being blocked completely in initial data.Laser range finder is arrived and is hidden The distance of gear trunk is set to m rice, i.e. thinks that this ray passes hole between trunk and do not contacts with trunk.
(3). the breastheight radius sum of all trunks in calculating forest sample ground.The method of the process of hole between trunk is included Langbobier law, according to langbobier law, can obtain
P (α)=exp [-BAI Ω (α)/cos (α)]
Wherein, the hole ratio that the initial data collected by laser range finder on whole track route is counted is P (α), BAI is the ratio of all trunk breastheight radius sums and track route length
B A I = Σ i = 1 n ( 2 · R i ) / l
α is given angle, RiBeing the radius at i-th tree trunk breastheight, l is by operator's linear rows of tape measure The distance walked, n is the total strain number in forest sample ground.Ω (α) represents the aggregation extent of trunk, if it is assumed that trunk is on α direction Spatial stochastically distribution, i.e. concentration class coefficient Ω (α)=1, as assumed, trunk spatial distribution is not random, can basis Concentration class algorithm or J.M.Chen and J.Cihlar that A.R.G.Lang and Y.Q.Xiang delivered in 1986 delivered in nineteen ninety-five Concentration class exponentiation algorithm obtain.Therefore all trunk breastheight radius sums in can obtaining forest sample groundEstimated value, bag Include all trunk breastheight radiuses not being blocked and being blocked.
(4). calculate the trunk breastheight radius sum not being blocked completely.The each tree not being blocked completely in forest sample ground Dry breastheight radium computing method is: if having k laser spots on a trunk not being blocked completely, according to leg speed v (meter per second) and Laser emission speed t (second /), it is known that the breastheight radius R ' of this treeiFor v k t/2 rice.If total w The trunk not being blocked completely, the breastheight radius sum of the trunk that can all not be blocked completely is
(5). estimate per hectare trunk number.Measure distance as m rice as set laser threshold, be corrected to vertical with direction of travel Direction on be m cos (α) rice, additionally operator's travel distance is l rice, then sample ground area be l m cos (α) square Rice.Total strain number in this area is estimated asPer hectare strain number (individual) estimated result is
T D = 10000 · w · Σ i = 1 n R i / Σ i = 1 w R i ′ l · m · c o s ( α )
(6). basal area (square metre) estimated result of per hectare is
B A = 10000 · Σ i = 1 w ( π · R i ′ 2 ) · Σ i = 1 n R i / Σ i = 1 w R i ′ l · m · c o s ( α )
The invention have benefit that and can avoid owing to mutually blocking the strain number density and breast caused between trunk Long-pending being underestimated, simultaneously as the present invention is to obtain observation by operator by the way of woodland walks a segment distance of maximum section of passenger flow Data, it also avoid the most representative problem of reconnaissance caused in fixed position measurement.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic top plan view of data acquisition in forest sample ground；
Fig. 3 is the initial data that laser range finder is collected；
Fig. 4 is the laser ranging result after filtering off the trunk information that is blocked.
[detailed description of the invention]
The present invention combines examples below and detailed description of the invention is described in detail with reference to the attached drawings:
The UTM-30LX-EW type 2D laser scanning and ranging instrument that this example uses HOKUYO company of Japan to produce gathers distance number According to, arranging Laser emission speed is t (second /).According to technical scheme steps (1) Suo Shu, this laser range finder is put by operator On the horizontal plane of breastheight position (about 1.3 meters), the position a from Fig. 2 at the uniform velocity runs to position b with the leg speed of v (meter per second), L rice is amounted to tape measure.Laser range finder automatically record on α angle in laser emission point and sample ground intersection point on trunk all away from From, if do not contacted with trunk when laser beam arrives m rice, then this distance selecting laser range finder is designated as m rice, regards as Hole.
Fig. 3 is shown in by the initial data schematic diagram that laser range finder is collected, and these data include laser in walking process and can beat The all trunks arrived.According to technical scheme steps (2) Suo Shu, filter off the trunk blocked by other trunks, these are cut Distance value is assigned to m rice, is i.e. considered as hole.Filtering off is blocked after trunk only comprises data such as Fig. 4 institute of the trunk information that is not blocked Show.
According to technical scheme steps (3) Suo Shu, statistical distance is the laser spots number of m rice (hole), it is known that laser spots Total number, therefore can be in the hope of porosity P (α) between the trunk in α angle.This official holiday set trunk on α direction be spatially with Machine distribution, i.e. concentration class coefficient Ω (α)=1, as assumed, trunk spatial distribution is not random, can be in conjunction with P (α) basis Concentration class algorithm or J.M.Chen and J.Cihlar that A.R.G.Lang and Y.Q.Xiang delivered in 1986 delivered in nineteen ninety-five Concentration class exponentiation algorithm obtain.Therefore according to formula P (the α)=exp [-BAI Ω (α)/cos (α)] of langbobier law BAI can be obtained.Travel distance is measured as l rice with tape measure, by formulaAll trunks in forest sample ground can be obtained Radius sum at breastheightEstimated value.
According to technical scheme steps (4) Suo Shu, after filtering off the range data of the trunk that is blocked, count and be not blocked completely Trunk have w.Arrive if wherein having k laser spots at the breastheight of certain trunk, according to Laser emission speed t (second/ Individual) and leg speed v (meter per second) can the breastheight radius R ' of this trunkiFor v k t/2 rice.In like manner can all not be blocked tree Dry breastheight radius, the breastheight radius sum of the most all trunks that are not blocked is
The area on sample ground is l m cos (α) square metre, and according to technical scheme steps (5) Suo Shu, this method is estimated at sample ground model Enclosing interior trunk number isTherefore estimate that per hectare should have the trunk number to be Individual.According to technical scheme steps (6) Suo Shu, estimate that the basal area of per hectare should be Square metre.

Claims (7)

1. utilizing the method that between trunk, hole estimates forest parameters, it mainly comprises the steps that
(1) laser range finder is used to gather forest sample ground data, and as initial data；
(2) the trunk information not being blocked completely in initial data is extracted；
(3) the trunk hole ratio in initial data is extracted, accordingly the breastheight radius sum of all trunks in estimation forest sample ground；
(4) calculate, according to the result of step (3), the trunk breastheight radius sum not being blocked completely；
(5) per hectare trunk number is estimated according to the result of step (3) and step (4)；
(6) per hectare basal area is estimated according to the result of step (3) and step (4).
A kind of method utilizing hole between trunk to estimate forest parameters the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (1), in, operator utilizes on laser range finder high speed acquisition laser emission point and trunk between certain point during straight line is advanced Range data, and set the threshold value of laser distance, will be greater than the measured distance equal to this threshold value as hole between trunk.
A kind of method utilizing hole between trunk to estimate forest parameters the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2), in, the distance of the trunk that arrival is blocked gives the threshold value of laser distance, i.e. think this laser beam do not contact with trunk and It is to have injected hole between trunk.
A kind of method utilizing hole between trunk to estimate forest parameters the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (3) in, porosity P (α), operator's walking between the trunk that will obtain when becoming angle α with the vertical line direction of operator's direct of travel Concentration class coefficient Ω (α) of path length l and trunk substitute into formula P (α)=exp [-BAI Ω (α)/cos (α)] andThe pore size between trunk and distribution estimating trunk is utilized not directly to record breastheight after mutually blocking The method of radius sum, includes langbobier law for the processing method of hole between trunk, i.e. can get institute in forest sample ground There is radius sum at trunk breastheightEstimated value, BAI is all trunk breastheight radius sums and track route length Ratio.
A kind of method utilizing hole between trunk to estimate forest parameters the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (4), in, counting according to operator's gait of march, Laser emission speed and each laser not being blocked completely on trunk, it is gloomy to calculate Each trunk breastheight radius R ' not being blocked completely in woods sample groundi, and the number counting the trunk that is not blocked completely is w Individual, and then obtain the breastheight radius sum of trunk of not being blocked completely and be
A kind of method utilizing hole between trunk to estimate forest parameters the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (5), in, when laser distance threshold value is m rice, formula is usedEstimate per hectare strain number.
A kind of method utilizing hole between trunk to estimate forest parameters the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (6), in, formula is usedEstimate the basal area of per hectare.
CN201610289132.XA 2016-05-03 2016-05-03 A kind of method using hole estimation forest parameters between trunk Expired - Fee Related CN105890548B (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107870333A (en) * 2017-10-27 2018-04-03 北京林业大学 A kind of method of ground laser radar simulation angle gauge measure mean height
JP2020138574A (en) * 2019-02-27 2020-09-03 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 Unmanned aircraft and inspection method

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI116240B (en) * 1998-12-14 2005-10-14 Raimo Veli Johann Silvennoinen Method and apparatus for measuring the density of wood materials using a laser optical sensor
CN103486991A (en) * 2013-10-08 2014-01-01 北京林业大学 Method for measuring height of tree and volume of wood by means of total station under condition that crown is covered
CN103616015A (en) * 2013-11-29 2014-03-05 浙江农林大学 Panoramic laser scanning device for measuring forest stock volume parameter
CN103616014A (en) * 2013-11-29 2014-03-05 浙江农林大学 Method for measuring and computing forest stock volume parameter

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI116240B (en) * 1998-12-14 2005-10-14 Raimo Veli Johann Silvennoinen Method and apparatus for measuring the density of wood materials using a laser optical sensor
CN103486991A (en) * 2013-10-08 2014-01-01 北京林业大学 Method for measuring height of tree and volume of wood by means of total station under condition that crown is covered
CN103616015A (en) * 2013-11-29 2014-03-05 浙江农林大学 Panoramic laser scanning device for measuring forest stock volume parameter
CN103616014A (en) * 2013-11-29 2014-03-05 浙江农林大学 Method for measuring and computing forest stock volume parameter

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107870333A (en) * 2017-10-27 2018-04-03 北京林业大学 A kind of method of ground laser radar simulation angle gauge measure mean height
JP2020138574A (en) * 2019-02-27 2020-09-03 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 Unmanned aircraft and inspection method
KR20210060577A (en) * 2019-02-27 2021-05-26 미츠비시 파워 가부시키가이샤 Unmanned aerial vehicle and inspection method
JP7213104B2 (en) 2019-02-27 2023-01-26 三菱重工業株式会社 Unmanned aerial vehicles and inspection methods
KR102572904B1 (en) 2019-02-27 2023-08-30 미츠비시 파워 가부시키가이샤 Drones and Inspection Methods

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