CN105874679A - 用于为电动车辆等的电池充电的器具 - Google Patents

用于为电动车辆等的电池充电的器具 Download PDF

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CN105874679A
CN105874679A CN201480072286.2A CN201480072286A CN105874679A CN 105874679 A CN105874679 A CN 105874679A CN 201480072286 A CN201480072286 A CN 201480072286A CN 105874679 A CN105874679 A CN 105874679A
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utensil
outfan
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切萨雷·拉萨吉尼
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Meta System SpA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33538—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type
    • H02M3/33546—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type with automatic control of the output voltage or current
    • H02M3/33553—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type with automatic control of the output voltage or current with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33561—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having more than one ouput with independent control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/40—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries adapted for charging from various sources, e.g. AC, DC or multivoltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/3353—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供用于为电动车辆等的电池充电的器具，该器具包括：AC/DC转换装置，其输入端能够连接交流电源线(AC IN)且输出端连接电动车辆的高压电池(HVB)；DC/DC转换装置，其输入端连接所述高压电池且输出端连接所述电动车辆的低压电池(LVB)；其中，所述AC/DC转换装置和所述DC/DC转换装置能够被交替启动以分别对所述高压电池和所述低压电池进行充电；且其中，所述AC/DC转换装置和所述DC/DC转换装置包括单一且共用的DC/DC转换器(CNV)，其具有输入端，所述输入端能够交替连接所述电源线(AC IN)和所述高压电池(HVB)，以及具有第一输出端，所述第一输出端连接所述高压电池(HVB)，以及第二输出端，所述第二输出端连接所述低压电池(LVB)。

Description

用于为电动车辆等的电池充电的器具
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于为电动车辆等的电池充电的器具。
背景技术
充电器具的使用已众所周知且普遍应用，其通常集成在电动车辆内，能够允许对所述车辆自身的电池进行充电。
通常地，如图1例子所示，这样一种已知类型的器具包括电池充电器，由图1中线L1标出，其输入端可连接交流电源线AC IN且其输出端可连接电动车辆的高压电池HVB。
一般来说，所述电池充电器L1包括第一输入滤波器FIN1，其可连接电源线、初始电流限制器LIC(或也称“浪涌电流”限制器)、功率因数校正电路PFC、类型为直流/直流DC/DC转换器的第一转换器CNV1，以及第一输出滤波器FOUT1，第一输出滤波器FOUT1连接所述电动车辆的所述高压电池HVB。
因此，当所述电动车辆自身停止且连接电源线AC IN时，所述电池充电器L1能够对所述高压电池HVB进行充电。
此外，仍如图1中例子所示，所述已知类型的器具还包括DC/DC转换线L2，其输入端连接所述高压电池HVB且输出端连接所述电动车辆的低压电池LVB。
所述线L2能够对所述电动车辆的所述低压电池LVB进行充电且进一步对低电压用户点进行供电。
特别地，所述电池充电器L1和所述DC/DC转换线L2能够被交替操作以用于分别向所述高压电池HVB和所述低压电池LVB进行充电以及用于进一步对低电压用户点进行供电。
更为具体地，通过所述电池充电器L1对所述高压电池HVB的充电发生在所述电动车辆停止时且与常规电源线AC IN相连接时，而通过所述线L2对所述低压电池LVB的充电以及进一步对低电压用户点进行供电则发生在所述电动车辆运动中。
通常来说，所述线L2包括连接所述高压电池HVB的第二输入滤波器FIN2、升压转换器STU(或增压转换器)、DC/DC型的第二转换器CNV2，以及第二输出滤波器FOUT2，第二输出滤波器FOUT2连接低压电池LVB。
此外，所述已知类型的器具通常包括控制单元U，其操作地连接所述电池充电器L1和所述DC/DC转换线L2，且通过所述车辆自身的常规CAN总线可操作连接所述电动车辆的中心单元。
然而，所述已知类型的器具容易受到升级的影响，特别是针对于减小其体积、重量以及总生产成本的升级。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提出一种降低整体生产成本的用于为电动车辆等的电池充电的器具。
本发明的另一目标在于提出一种降低整体尺寸和/或重量的用于为电动车辆等的电池充电的器具。
上述发明目的可以通过如本发明权利要求1所述的本器具实现。
附图说明
本发明的其他技术特征及优点可以通过优选的，而并非限定的对于用于为电动车辆等的电池充电的器具的实施例的描述更为清楚，对实施例以附图中指示性而非限制的示例方式予以说明，其中：
图1是已知类型的用于为电动车辆的电池充电的器具的总体框图；
图2是根据本发明的器具的总体框图；
图3、图4和图5说明了根据本发明的所述器具的DC/DC转换器的可能的实施方式。
具体实施方式
具体如图2所示，总体以附图标记A表示用于为电动车辆等的电池充电的器具。
具体地，所述器具A可被用于替代通常安装在电动车辆上的器具，且其具有用于对所述电动车辆的所述高压电池(或牵引电池)进行充电的电池充电器以及用于对所述电动车辆的低压电池进行充电和用于对所述低电压用户点进行供电的单线。
所述器具A包括AC/DC转换装置，其输入端连接交流电源线ACIN且输出端连接所述电动车辆的高压电池HVB。
所述器具A还包括DC/DC转换装置，其输入端连接所述高压电池HVB且输出端连接所述电动车辆的低压电池LVB。
有利地，在所述器具A中，所述所述AC/DC转换装置与所述DC/DC转换装置彼此集成，且能够被交替启动以用于分别向所述高压电池HVB和所述低压电池LVB进行充电，以及用于对所述低电压用户点进行供电。
具体地，所述器具A包括开关SW，其可被操作于第一配置和第二配置之间，其中第一配置为被连接至所述电源线AC IN，第二配置为被连接至所述车辆的所述高压电池。
此外，所述器具A包括单一输入滤波器FIN，其连接在所述开关SW的下游，且与所述转换装置AC/DC以及所述转换器DC/DC均相互连接。
此外，所述器具A包括单一且共用的初始电流限制器(即所谓的“浪涌电流”限制器)，如图2中LIC所示且连接在所述输入滤波器FIN的下游。
有用地，所述器具A包括单一且共用的校正单元PFC/STU，其连接在所述所述限制器LIC的下游，且能够既作为功率因数校正电路又作为升压转换器(或boost变换器)操作。
有利地，所述器具A包括单一且共用的DC/DC转换器，如图2中标记CNV所示，具有：
输入端，连接所述校正单元PFC/STU；
第一输出端，连接所述高压电池HVB；
第二输出端，连接所述低压电池LVB。
具体地，所述转换器CNV为LLC谐振型。然而并不排除使用不同类型的转换器。
通过举例，图3、图4和图5展示了所述转换器CNV的可能的实施方式，其具有合适的选择装置能够交替操作所述第一输出端和所述第二输出端。
进一步地，然而并不排除不同的实施方式。
根据第一种可能的实施方式，如图3所示，两个变压器TrHV和TrLV，分别连接所述转换器CNV的所述第一输出端和所述第二输出端，两个变压器彼此串联。
具体地，两个继电器Sw1和Sw2，或者可替换地，两个固态电子开关，根据所述器具A是否需要电池充电功能或DC/DC功能将所述变压器TrHV或TrLV中的一个或另一个短路。
这种配置的优点基本在于只使用了一个半导体桥P，其具有第一分支R1和第二分支R2，包括由Lr、Lm和Cr组成的整体谐振电路(在该类型的拓扑结构中只有一个半桥)。
进一步的优点表现为，在所述变压器TrHV或TrLV的常规操作中，彼此交替操作，由于任一设备的寄生电容仍然保持连接因而没有效率的损失。
所述继电器Sw1和Sw2可以使用常见的类型，因为他们仅在没有电压/电流时被操作。
参考第二种可能的实施方式，如图4所示，两个变压器TrHV和TrLV，分别连接所述转换器CNV的所述第一输出端和所述第二输出端，两个变压器彼此并联。
具体地，每个变压器TrHV和TrLV的一端均被连接在所述半导体桥的分支R1。
两个继电器Sw1和Sw2，或者可替换地，两个固态电子开关，根据是否需要电池充电功能或DC/DC转换功能将所述变压器TrHV或TrLV中的一个或另一个与所述半导体桥P的第二分支R2连接。
这种配置的优点基本在于只使用了一个半导体桥P，其包括由Lr、Lm和Cr组成的整体谐振电路(在该类型的拓扑结构中只有一个半桥)。
此外，另一个优点在于在所述变压器TrHV或TrLV的正常操作过程中，彼此交替操作，由于任一设备的寄生电容仍然保持连接因而没有效率的损失。
继电器Sw1和Sw2可以使用较为常见的类型，由于他们仅在没有电压/电流时被操作。
参考第三种可能的实施方式，如图5所示，所述两个变压器TrHV和TrLV一直存在，分别连接所述转换器CNV的所述第一输出端和所述第二输出端，且进一步还存在一个固态半桥。
每个变压器TrHV和TrLV的一端均被连接在所述半导体桥P的公共分支R1。另外两端被连接在其他两个独立的半桥R2、R3。
所述分支R1所对应的所述半导体器件Q1和Q2一直工作。
此外，根据是否需要电池充电功能或DC/DC转换功能，所述半导体器件Q1H和Q2H或者所述半导体器件Q1L和Q2L将被分别操作并在所述电池充电功能或所述DC/DC转换功能这两种情况间交替。
有用地，所述器具A包括第一输出滤波器FOUT1，其连接所述转换器CNV的第一输出端以及所述高压电池HVB。
有用地，应当注意到的是在优选的而不是唯一的实施方式中，如图3、图4和图5所示，所述第一和第二输出端的选择装置共用所述转换器CNV自身的转换电路的一部分，其中所述转换电路由所述半导体桥P和所述谐振电路组成。
此外，仍然参考图2中所示的框图，所述器具A包括第二输出滤波器FOUT2，其连接所述转换器CNV的第二输出端和所述低压电池LVB，以及所述低电压用户点的供电。
控制单元U通过所述常规CAN总线能够操作地连接所述电动车辆的中心单元，且能够控制所述器具A交替对所述高压电池HVB和所述低压电池LVB进行充电以及对所述低电压用户点进行供电。
所述控制单元U能够操作连接所述开关SW、所述初始电流限制器LIC、所述校正单元PFC/STU以及所述转换器CNV。
有用地，所述器具A包括辅助DC/DC低电压转换器，如图2中标记LV CNV所示，其输入端连接所述校正单元PFC/STU且其输出端连接所述低压电池LVB。
具体地，所述转换器LV CNV能够在低电压线上提供最大100瓦的功率，例如，当在所述高压电池HVB充电过程中，以确保所述器具自身的正确操作。
以上所述的本发明如何实现所提出的技术目标已在实践中被发现。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于为电动车辆等的电池充电的器具(A)，包括：
AC/DC转换装置，其输入端能够连接交流电源线(AC IN)且输出端连接电动车辆的高压电池(HVB)；
DC/DC转换装置，其输入端连接所述高压电池(HVB)且输出端连接所述电动车辆的低压电池(LVB)；
其中，所述AC/DC转换装置和所述DC/DC转换装置能够被交替启动以分别对所述高压电池(HVB)和所述低压电池(LVB)进行充电；
其特征在于，所述AC/DC转换装置和所述DC/DC转换装置包括单一且共用的DC/DC转换器(CNV)，其具有输入端、第一输出端以及第二输出端，所述输入端能够交替连接所述电源线(AC IN)和所述高压电池(HVB)，所述第一输出端连接所述高压电池(HVB)，所述第二输出端连接所述低压电池(LVB)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的器具(A)，其特征在于，所述器具包括至少一个开关(SW)，所述开关能够被操作于第一配置和第二配置之间，在第一配置时所述DC/DC转换器(CNV)被连接至所述电源线(AC IN)，在第二配置时所述DC/DC转换器(CNV)被连接至所述高压电池(HVB)。
3.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的器具(A)，其特征在于，所述AC/DC转换装置和所述DC/DC转换装置包括单一且共用的输入滤波器(FIN)。
4.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的器具(A)，其特征在于，所述AC/DC转换装置和所述DC/DC转换装置包括单一且共用的初始电流限制器(LIC)。
5.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的器具(A)，其特征在于，所述AC/DC转换装置和所述DC/DC转换装置包括单一且共用的校正单元(PFC/STU)，所述校正单元能够被操作于第一模式和第二模式之间，在第一模式下所述校正单元(PFC/STU)用作功率因数校正电路，在第二模式下所述校正单元(PFC/STU)用作升压转换器。
6.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的器具(A)，其特征在于，所述AC/DC转换装置包括第一输出滤波器(FOUT1)，其连接所述转换器(CNV)的所述第一输出端以及所述高压电池(HVB)。
7.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的器具(A)，其特征在于，所述DC/DC转换装置包括第二输出滤波器(FOUT2)，其连接所述转换器(CNV)的所述第二输出端以及所述低压电池(LVB)。
8.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的器具(A)，其特征在于，所述器具包括至少一个控制单元(U)，其至少操作地连接所述转换器(CNV)以及操作地连接所述电动车辆的中心单元。
9.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的器具(A)，其特征在于，所述器具包括至少一个辅助DC/DC低电压转换器(LV CNV)，其输入端连接所述校正单元(PFC/STU)且其输出端连接所述低压电池(LVB)。
10.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的器具(A)，其特征在于，所述转换器(CNV)包括选择装置，其能够交替地操作所述第一输出端和所述第二输出端。
11.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的器具(A)，其特征在于，所述选择装置共用所述转换器(CNV)的转换电路的一部分。
12.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的器具(A)，其特征在于，所述选择装置包括至少两个变压器(TrHV、TrLV)，其分别连接所述转换器(CNV)的所述第一输出端和所述第二输出端。
13.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的器具(A)，其特征在于，所述器具包括至少两个继电器(Sw1、Sw2)或者两个电子开关，其能够根据是否需要操作所述转换器(CNV)的所述第一输出端或所述第二输出端，将所述第一变压器和第二变压器(TrHV、TrLV)与半导体桥(P)交替连接。
14.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的器具(A)，其特征在于，所述两个继电器(Sw1、Sw2)或者两个电子开关根据是否需要操作所述转换器(CNV)的所述第一输出端或所述第二输出端，将所述第一变压器或所述第二变压器(TrHV、TrLV)短路。
15.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的器具(A)，其特征在于，每个变压器(TrHV、TrLV)的一端均被连接在所述半导体桥(P)的第一分支(R1)，且所述两个继电器(Sw1、Sw2)或者两个电子开关根据是否需要操作所述转换器(CNV)的所述第一输出端或所述第二输出端，将所述第一变压器或第二变压器(TrHV、TrLV)与所述半导体桥(P)的第二分支(R2)交替连接。
16.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的器具(A)，其特征在于，每个变压器(TrHV、TrLV)的一端均被连接在所述半导体桥(P)的第一分支(R1)，且每个变压器(TrHV、TrLV)的另外两端分别连接所述半导体桥(P)的第二半桥和第三半桥(R2、R3)，所述第二半桥和第三半桥彼此独立，根据是否需要操作所述转换器(CNV)的所述第一输出端或所述第二输出端，所述第二半桥(R2)的半导体器件(Q1H、Q2H)或者所述第三半桥(R3)的半导体器件(Q1L、Q2L)能够被交替操作。
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Application publication date: 20160817