CN105873167A - Cooperative MAC (media access control) protocol based relay communication method for navigation sensor network - Google Patents
Cooperative MAC (media access control) protocol based relay communication method for navigation sensor network Download PDFInfo
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- CN105873167A CN105873167A CN201610330314.7A CN201610330314A CN105873167A CN 105873167 A CN105873167 A CN 105873167A CN 201610330314 A CN201610330314 A CN 201610330314A CN 105873167 A CN105873167 A CN 105873167A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
- H04W40/22—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
- H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
Abstract
The invention discloses a cooperative MAC (media access control) protocol based relay communication method for a navigation sensor network and mainly solves the problem about reliable communication under the conditions of long communication distance, high node mobility and three-dimensional dynamic network topology in the navigation sensor network. The implementing process of the relay communication method comprises steps as follows: a source node broadcasts an RTS&CTC (request to send & clear to cooperative) data packet; an optimal relay is selected from a candidate optimal relay set; a target node sends a CTC&CTS (clear to cooperative & clear to send) data packet to the source node through the optimal relay; if the source node receives the CTC&CTS data packet successfully, a communication node pair is switched into a data transmission stage; if cooperative transmission fails, candidate relay nodes start a new round of optimal relay competition; if none of the candidate relay nodes completes channel negotiation successfully, the source node restarts a cooperative transmission process in the next round. The method can effectively avoid conflict, reduces complexity of the communication system, balances fairness and can be used for long-distance communication in the navigation sensor network.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is under the jurisdiction of navigation bearer communication technical field, especially relates to a kind of relaying being applicable to navigation carrier radio communication
Choosing method and cooperative MAC protocol method for designing.
Background technology
Navigation sensor network (NC-NET), is a kind of cordless communication network with core missions demand of navigating/orientate as,
It is intended to the networking by navigation platform and completes the multiple-task demands such as navigation/location, target following, Transmitting of Multi-media Information.Have
The feature that networking platform complex, range of movement are big, requirement of real-time is high.The MAC protocol of NC-NET face in design as
A lower general character difficult problem: communication distance is remote, node mobility strong, 3-dimensin dynamic network are topological, not only covers VANET, FANET
Many design challenges Deng MANET, it is also proposed that many exclusive technology requirements.
In recent years, collaboration diversity, as a kind of new space diversity technology, has huge applications space in Wireless Ad-hoc Network,
From the point of view of from the architecture of network, one of collaboration diversity key technology belonging to physical layer, relatively independent in working mechanism,
The most do not consider the application of network.Due to the existence of multiple via nodes, during collaboration diversity, multiple nodes simultaneously participate in association
Make, then, interactive information and network overhead between node sharply increase, and therefore, how to select one in multiple nodes
Optimal via node carries out cooperating becomes an important research direction.
Relay selection strategy can select an optimal node in multiple candidate relay node, then utilizes this optimal node to assist
Make source node communication, select to need not topology information during optimal node but the instantaneous channel state information that records based on this locality.Reason
Opinion analysis shows, this strategy can realize the diversity gain identical with the method utilizing distributed testing system.Clearly for
For wireless multi-hop network, in communication process, along with channel status and the change of network environment, at multiple candidate relay node
In real-time selection optimal relay node cooperation forwarding be possible not only to obtain diversity gain, and the complexity of communication system can be reduced
Degree.
From the point of view of relaying selection strategy with the combination of data link layer, firstly, since the broadcast characteristic of wireless channel, node sends
Information will be received by all neighbor nodes in its communication range, the realization for multi-node collaboration diversity provides essential condition.
Meanwhile, the existence of multi-hop communication pattern so that multi-hop forwards and really realizes than single-hop transmission saving energy.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the length of networking navigation carrier of high-speed mobile present in prior art away from a communication difficult problem, it is provided that Yi Zhongji
Relay communication method in cooperative MAC protocol.
According to an aspect of the invention, it is provided a kind of be applicable to navigation sensor network based on cooperative MAC protocol
Continue communication means, and described network includes source node S, D and n candidate relay node R of destination nodei, i ∈ 1 ..., and n}, relaying
Communication means comprises the steps:
(1) source node S is by the neighbor node in the range of wireless channel broadcast transmission RTC&CTC packet to single-hop communication,
RTC&CTC packet comprises request cooperation signaling (Request to Cooperative, RTC) and cooperation terminates signaling (Clear
to Cooperative,CTC)；
(2) neighbor node of source node S receives the RTC&CTC packet of source node S, wherein, meets optimum relaying about
The neighbor node of bundle condition is elected as candidate relay node Ri；Candidate relay node RiPerform the solution of RTC&CTC packet respectively
Code, calculates self received signal to noise ratio SNR relative to source node SAnd by request cooperation signaling RTC at a SIFS
Destination node D is mail to after time slot；
(3) destination node D is from candidate relay node RiRequest cooperation signaling RTC forwarded decodes the position of source node S
And orientation, and reply permission transmission signaling CTS by beam antenna to source node S；Hereafter, optimum relaying constraints is met
Single-hop neighbors RiThe signal to noise ratio snr of communication link between source node S and destination node D is calculated by optimum link Formula SolutionIt is respectively provided with respective Backoff timer；The candidate relay that timing at first terminates will be elected as optimum relaying Rop, and will
CTC&CTS data packet back is to source node S；
(4) other candidate relay node RiString hears optimum relaying RopCTC&CTS packet after, stop respective respectively
Backoff timer, and keep intercepting channel；
(5) if source node S is successfully received optimum relaying RopThe CTC&CTS packet forwarded, will therefrom decode target
The relative bearing of node D, relative position and channel occupancy information；Hereafter, communication proceeds to data transfer phase, source to (S, D)
Node S relays R by optimumopBe forwarded to destination node D send DATA packet, other candidate relay node RiKeep
The string of DATA packet is listened, and continues to intercept channel；
(6) if other candidate relay node RiFailing string after a SIFS time slot hears DATA packet, then regard as this
The failure of secondary cooperation transmission, hereafter, except optimum relaying RopOutside other candidate relay node RiRespective rollback meter will be restarted simultaneously
Time device, terminate the candidate relay node R of timing at firstiTo be elected as the optimum via node of a new round, and perform step (3)～
Step (5)；
(7) if all candidate relay node RiAll it is not successfully completed the negotiation of channel, or the number of times that relaying retransmits is beyond upper
Limit, then source node S will restart the flow process of cooperation transmission in next round, and performs step (1)～step (6).
Optimum relaying constraints is three, particularly as follows:
Constraint 1: candidate relay node RiFor source node S neighbor node in the range of single-hop communication, and destination node D is
This candidate relay node RiNeighbor node in the range of single-hop communication；
Constraint 2: candidate relay node RiThe request to (S, D) that communicates can be correctly decoded cooperate signaling RTC and allow to send letter
Make CTS；
Constraint 3: the optimum relaying R of source node SopAt all candidate relay node RiIn there is the highest received signal to noise ratio SNR
γSRD。
Optimum link formula particularly as follows: have the link of maximum signal to noise ratio SNR when the gain of quasi-steady channel is rayleigh distributed,
It is designated as imax, this link meets equation:In formulaRepresent link i instantaneous reception SNR, i ∈ 1 ..., n},Can be obtained by following formula:WhereinWithRepresent that source node S is to candidate relay node R respectivelyiWith
Candidate relay node RiTo the average received signal to noise ratio snr of destination node D, signaling RTC can be cooperated from request respectively and permit
Permitted to send in signaling CTS and obtained.
Backoff timer is particularly as follows: by candidate relay node RiBackoff timeIt is set as and link-qualityIt is inversely proportional to,
Candidate relay node RiBackoff time is set, i.e. according to following equationIn formula, γlow
For candidate relay node RiThe instantaneous reception SNR of link iThreshold value；N is for participating in candidate relay node RiNumber.
In navigation sensor network of the present invention, relay communication method based on cooperative MAC protocol has following beneficial effect: pass through
Based on the three kinds of constraintss receiving optimum relay selection algorithm, candidate relay node is carried out preliminary screening, limited parallel
The quantity of link, achieves the optimum relay forwarding of redundancy on the basis of ensureing bandwidth availability ratio and reducing time delay.In navigation
In the carrier navigation sensor network of location, selecting for the transmission region expanding navigation information and the reality improving business of relaying
Time property has great importance.The optimum relay selection strategy of the redundancy that the present invention proposes, it is possible to adapt to network topology and ask with communicating
The change of the dynamic realtime asked, thus reach the bandwidth utilization rate of increase system, improve the navigator fix usefulness of networking carrier.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the trunking traffic schematic diagram of typical navigation sensor network；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of trunking traffic MAC of navigation sensor network in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 3 is the increase of the embodiment of the present invention 2 interior joint communication distance impact on packet error rate；
Fig. 4 is the increase of the embodiment of the present invention 2 interior joint communication distance impact on packet throughput；
Fig. 5 is the embodiment of the present invention 2 link deterioration impact on packet arrival rate；
Fig. 6 is the embodiment of the present invention 2 link deterioration impact on average retardation.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and with reference to illustration,
The present invention is described in more detail.Although the demonstration of the parameter comprising particular value can be provided herein, it is to be understood that parameter without
Definite equal to corresponding value, but described value can be similar in acceptable error margin or design constraint.
Embodiment 1:
Fig. 1 is the trunking traffic schematic diagram of typical navigation sensor network.Including source node S, it is designated as 10；Destination node D,
It is designated as 20；Multiple candidate relay node, are designated as 30-1,30-2 ..., 30-n.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of trunking traffic MAC of embodiment of the present invention navigation sensor network.This flow process is for the present invention's
Embodiment is applicable to the relay communication method based on cooperative MAC protocol of navigation sensor network, concretely comprises the following steps:
Step S101: source node S is by the neighbours in the range of wireless channel broadcast transmission RTC&CTC packet to single-hop communication
Node, comprises request cooperation signaling (Request to Cooperative, RTC) in RTC&CTC packet and cooperation terminates signaling
(Clear to Cooperative,CTC)；
Step S102: the neighbor node of source node S receives the RTC&CTC packet of source node S, wherein, meets in optimum
The neighbor node of the constraints that continues is elected as candidate relay node Ri；Candidate relay node RiPerform RTC&CTC packet respectively
Decoding, calculate self received signal to noise ratio SNR relative to source node SAnd by request cooperation signaling RTC at one
Destination node D is mail to after SIFS time slot；
Step S103: destination node D is from candidate relay node RiRequest cooperation signaling RTC forwarded decodes source node S
Position and orientation, and by beam antenna to source node S reply allow send signaling CTS；Hereafter, optimum relaying is met about
The single-hop neighbors R of bundle conditioniThe noise of communication link between source node S and destination node D is calculated by optimum link Formula Solution
Compare SNRIt is respectively provided with respective Backoff timer；The candidate relay that timing at first terminates will be elected as optimum relaying Rop,
And by CTC&CTS data packet back to source node S；
Step S104: other candidate relay node RiString hears optimum relaying RopCTC&CTS packet after, stop respectively
Respective Backoff timer, and keep intercepting channel；
Step S105: if source node S is successfully received optimum relaying RopThe CTC&CTS packet forwarded, will therefrom decode
Go out the relative bearing of destination node D, relative position and channel occupancy information；Hereafter, communication proceeds to data transmission rank to (S, D)
Section, source node S relays R by optimumopBe forwarded to destination node D send DATA packet, other candidate relay node Ri
Keep the string of DATA packet is listened, and continue to intercept channel；
Step S106: if other candidate relay node RiFailing string after a SIFS time slot hears DATA packet, then recognize
It is set to this cooperation transmission failure, hereafter, except optimum relaying RopOutside other candidate relay node RiRespective by restarting simultaneously
Backoff timer, terminates the candidate relay node R of timing at firstiThe optimum via node of a new round will be elected as, and perform step
S103～step S105；
Step S107: if all candidate relay node RiAll it is not successfully completed the negotiation of channel, or the number of times that relaying retransmits surpasses
Go out the upper limit, then source node S will restart the flow process of cooperation transmission in next round, and performs step S101～step S106.
Optimum relaying RopConstraints is three, particularly as follows:
Constraint 1: candidate relay node RiFor source node S neighbor node in the range of single-hop communication, and destination node D is
This candidate relay node RiNeighbor node in the range of single-hop communication；
Constraint 2: candidate relay node RiThe request to (S, D) that communicates can be correctly decoded cooperate signaling RTC and allow to send letter
Make CTS；
Constraint 3: the optimum relaying R of source node SopAt all candidate relay node RiIn there is the highest received signal to noise ratio SNR
γSRD。
Optimum link formula particularly as follows: have the link of maximum signal to noise ratio SNR when the gain of quasi-steady channel is rayleigh distributed,
It is designated as imax, this link meets equation:In formulaRepresent link i instantaneous reception SNR, i ∈ 1 ..., n},Can be obtained by following formula:WhereinWithRepresent that source node S is to candidate relay node R respectivelyiWith
Candidate relay node RiTo the average received signal to noise ratio snr of destination node D, signaling RTC can be cooperated from request respectively and permit
Permitted to send in signaling CTS and obtained.
Backoff timer is particularly as follows: by candidate relay node RiBackoff timeIt is set as and link-qualityIt is inversely proportional to,
Candidate relay node RiBackoff time is set, i.e. according to following equationIn formula, γlow
For candidate relay node RiThe instantaneous reception SNR of link iThreshold value；N is for participating in candidate relay node RiNumber.
Embodiment 2:
NS-2 is as analog simulation platform in use, experimental data Matlab assistant analysis.In emulation use channel throughput,
The parameters such as average packet access delay are as evaluation index.Demonstrate present invention relay communication method based on cooperative MAC protocol,
The performances such as the saturation throughput of (being designated as DDC-MAC), average delay, packet arrival rate.Simulation parameter is respectively as follows: joint
Point communication distance 250km, node distance sensing 500km, message transmission rate { 1,2,5.5,11}Mbps, short frame period SIFS
0.01ms, DCF frame period DIFS 0.02ms, ACK packet delivery time 0.02s, SNR threshold value 15dB, RTS frame length
20bytes, ACK frame length 14bytes, DATA data packet length 512bytes, MAC header length 34bytes, PHY
Head length 24bytes, radio frequency transmit power 32dBm (omnidirectional's transmission), 38dBm (directive sending), radio frequency reception sensitivity
-105dBm, CTS frame length 14bytes, interference threshold-74dBm.
Main simulation speed-up DDC-MAC agreement increases and link-quality reduction (interchannel noise increase) two kinds of rings at communication distance
Communication performance under border.In emulation use multichannel environment, communication node is 70, with tradition relay selection method CoopMAC,
DMAC and IEEE802.11b DCF agreement carries out simulation comparison, as shown in Fig. 3～Fig. 6.
Wherein, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 distinguishes the increase of simulation speed-up node communication distance to packet error rate and the impact of handling capacity.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 distinguishes simulation speed-up link quality degradation to packet arrival rate and the impact of average retardation.
Claims (4)
1. relay communication method based on cooperative MAC protocol in navigation sensor network, it is characterised in that described network includes
Source node S, D and n candidate relay node R of destination nodei, i ∈ 1 ..., n}, this relay communication method comprises the steps:
(1) source node S is by the neighbor node in the range of wireless channel broadcast transmission RTC&CTC packet to single-hop communication,
RTC&CTC packet comprises request cooperation signaling RTC and cooperation terminates signaling CTC；
(2) neighbor node of source node S receives the RTC&CTC packet from source node S, wherein, meets in optimum
The neighbor node of the constraints that continues is elected as candidate relay node Ri；Candidate relay node RiPerform RTC&CTC packet respectively
Decoding, calculate self received signal to noise ratio SNR relative to source node SAnd by request cooperation signaling RTC at one
Destination node D is mail to after SIFS time slot；
(3) destination node D is from candidate relay node RiRequest cooperation signaling RTC forwarded decodes the position of source node S
And orientation, and reply permission transmission signaling CTS by beam antenna to source node S；Hereafter, optimum relaying constraints is met
Single-hop neighbors RiThe signal to noise ratio snr of communication link between source node S and destination node D is calculated by optimum link Formula SolutionIt is respectively provided with respective Backoff timer；The candidate relay that timing at first terminates will be elected as optimum relaying Rop, and will
CTC&CTS data packet back is to source node S；
(4) other candidate relay node RiString hears optimum relaying RopCTC&CTS packet after, stop respective respectively
Backoff timer, and keep intercepting channel；
(5) if source node S is successfully received optimum relaying RopThe CTC&CTS packet forwarded, will therefrom decode target
The relative bearing of node D, relative position and channel occupancy information；Hereafter, communication proceeds to data transfer phase, source to (S, D)
Node S relays R by optimumopBe forwarded to destination node D send DATA packet, other candidate relay node RiKeep
The string of DATA packet is listened, and continues to intercept channel；
(6) if other candidate relay node RiFailing string after a SIFS time slot hears DATA packet, then regard as this
The failure of secondary cooperation transmission, hereafter, except optimum relaying RopOutside other candidate relay node RiRespective rollback meter will be restarted simultaneously
Time device, terminate the candidate relay node R of timing at firstiTo be elected as the optimum via node of a new round, and perform step (3)～
Step (5)；
(7) if all candidate relay node RiAll it is not successfully completed the negotiation of channel, or the number of times that relaying retransmits is beyond upper
Limit, then source node S will restart the flow process of cooperation transmission in next round, and performs step (1)～step (6).
2., according to relay communication method based on cooperative MAC protocol in the navigation sensor network described in right 1, its feature exists
In, described optimum relaying constraints is three, particularly as follows:
Constraint 1: candidate relay node RiFor source node S neighbor node in the range of single-hop communication, and destination node D is
This candidate relay node RiNeighbor node in the range of single-hop communication；
Constraint 2: candidate relay node RiThe request to (S, D) that communicates can be correctly decoded cooperate signaling RTC and allow to send letter
Make CTS；
Constraint 3: the optimum relaying R of source node SopAt all candidate relay node RiIn there is the highest received signal to noise ratio SNR
γSRD。
3., according to relay communication method based on cooperative MAC protocol in the navigation sensor network described in right 1, its feature exists
In, described optimum link formula particularly as follows:
There is when the gain of quasi-steady channel is rayleigh distributed the link of maximum signal to noise ratio SNR, be designated as imax, this link meets
Equation:In formulaRepresent link i instantaneous reception SNR, i ∈ 1 ..., n},Can be obtained by following formula
Arrive:WhereinWithRepresent that source node S is to candidate relay node R respectivelyiWith candidate relay node RiExtremely
The average received signal to noise ratio snr of destination node D, can send signaling CTS from request cooperation signaling RTC and permission respectively
Obtain.
4., according to relay communication method based on cooperative MAC protocol in the navigation sensor network described in right 1, its feature exists
In, described Backoff timer particularly as follows:
By candidate relay node RiBackoff timeIt is set as and link-qualityIt is inversely proportional to, candidate relay node RiAccording to
Following equation sets Backoff time, i.e.I=1,2 ..., n；In formula, γlowFor candidate relay node RiIn
The instantaneous reception SNR of link iThreshold value；N is for participating in candidate relay node RiNumber.
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