CN105870524A - Charging method for prolonging cycle life of metal hydride nickel battery - Google Patents

Charging method for prolonging cycle life of metal hydride nickel battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105870524A
CN105870524A CN201610408743.1A CN201610408743A CN105870524A CN 105870524 A CN105870524 A CN 105870524A CN 201610408743 A CN201610408743 A CN 201610408743A CN 105870524 A CN105870524 A CN 105870524A
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nickel battery
metal
voltage
battery
hydrogen nickel
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CN201610408743.1A
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CN105870524B (en
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袁博
袁光辉
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Aggregation Of Jiangsu New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Aggregation Of Jiangsu New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/448End of discharge regulating measures
    • H02J7/045
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a charging method for prolonging the cycle life of a metal hydride nickel battery. The charging method comprises the steps that 1, the voltage of the metal hydride nickel battery to be charged is detected, if the voltage of the metal hydride nickel battery to be charged is greater than set detection voltage, the step 2 is executed; if the voltage of the metal hydride nickel battery to be charged is smaller than or equal to the set detection voltage, the step 3 is executed; 2, the metal hydride nickel battery to be charged is discharged to the set detection voltage, and the step 3 is executed; 3, the metal hydride nickel battery to be charged is charged, and when the voltage of the metal hydride nickel battery reaches oxygen evolution voltage at 45 DEG C, current begins to decrease till the current is smaller than charging terminal current, and the current is stopped for stopping charging. The side reaction harmful to the battery is avoided, active substances of the battery can be also fully involved in cycles, accordingly the cycle number of the battery is increased, and the capacity of the battery is well maintained.

Description

A kind of charging method extending metal-hydrogen nickel battery cycle life
Technical field
The invention belongs to accumulator charging technology field, extend metal-hydrogen nickel battery cycle life particularly to one Charging method.
Background technology
In charging process, cell voltage is stepped up metal-hydrogen nickel battery (Ni/MH battery), when full close to filling Time, battery terminal voltage is the highest, and battery fills after satisfying, and battery terminal voltage declines on the contrary.This is because there occurs on nickel hydroxide electrode Analysis oxygen side reaction, battery terminal voltage declines on the contrary, this characteristic of metal-hydrogen nickel battery (Ni/MH battery), to judging to fill Electricity terminates to increase many difficulties, becomes world-famous puzzle.
When metal-hydrogen nickel battery (Ni/MH battery) repeats incomplete charge and discharge cycles, and battery occurs permissible The capacitance loss recovered, is commonly called as memory effect.Because during shallow charging or partial discharge, only some active substance ginseng With charge and discharge cycle, the active substance having neither part nor lot in circulation changes, and resistance increases, and causes the output characteristic curve of battery to become Obtaining precipitous, capacity declines.So, metal-hydrogen nickel battery (Ni/MH battery), charge less and overcharge battery the most harmful.
Therefore, when being charged metal-hydrogen nickel battery (Ni/MH battery), the charging interval is long or too short all can Battery is had a negative impact, in the course of time so that battery capacity declines, and cycle life is affected.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of charging extending metal-hydrogen nickel battery cycle life Method, when using the method to be charged metal-hydrogen nickel battery, can either avoid the side reaction harmful to battery, also can Enough make cell active materials fully participate in circulation, thus extend the cycle life of battery, keep the memory capacity of battery.
For solving above technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of charging method extending metal-hydrogen nickel battery cycle life, full intelligent design, automatically control, it is not necessary to artificially do Relating to, charging process is divided into some stages, by software control, comprises the steps:
Step (1), detect the voltage of metal-hydrogen nickel battery to be filled, if the voltage of described metal-hydrogen nickel battery to be filled More than setting detection voltage, then carry out step (2);If the voltage of described metal-hydrogen nickel battery to be filled is less than or equal to described Setting detection voltage, then carry out step (3);
Step (2), described metal-hydrogen nickel battery to be filled is discharged, until described metal nickel hydride to be filled electricity The voltage in pond, less than or equal to described setting detection voltage, then carries out step (3);
Step (3), described metal-hydrogen nickel battery to be filled is charged, first, uses the electric current pair of 0.05 ~ 0.15C Described metal-hydrogen nickel battery to be filled is charged, until the voltage of described metal-hydrogen nickel battery is described setting Regular inspection surveys 1.05 ~ 1.08 times of voltage;Fill the stage subsequently into main, set charging voltage as described metal-hydrogen nickel battery 45 DEG C time analysis oxygen voltage, control maximum charging current is 1C, when the voltage of described metal-hydrogen nickel battery reaches institute After analysis oxygen voltage when state 45 DEG C, electric current starts to reduce, and enters the absorption stage, until less than charging termination electric current, stopping filling Electricity.
Wherein, to described in time filling metal-hydrogen nickel battery and be charged, first, use the electricity of 0.05 ~ 0.15C Described metal-hydrogen nickel battery to be filled is charged by stream, can be to the surface between metal hydride alloy and electrolyte Oxide interface is safeguarded, this is to affect discharge rate and the key of cycle life stability.
In the present invention, described metal-hydrogen nickel battery is the set of cells, multiple that multiple cell is formed through parallel connection Cell is concatenated the set of cells that formed or multiple cell is concatenated the set of cells of formation in parallel.
According to the present invention, when described metal-hydrogen nickel battery is the set of cells that multiple cell is formed through parallel connection Time, described sets detection voltage as 1.0V ~ 1.05V;
When described metal-hydrogen nickel battery is the set of cells that multiple cell is concatenated formation, described setting detection Voltage is nU, and wherein, n is the number of cell of connecting in set of cells, and U is 1.0V ~ 1.05 V;
When described metal-hydrogen nickel battery is the set of cells that multiple cell is concatenated formation in parallel, described setting Detection voltage be nU, U be 1.0V ~ 1.05V, n be the number of cell in series battery, wherein, electric body battery in parallel Be equivalent to a cell.Such as, when described metal-hydrogen nickel battery is that two joint cells are the most in parallel, then will also When two joint cells of connection are connected with a joint cell again, n is 2.
Preferably, in step (2), constant-resistance discharge mode is used to discharge.
It is further preferred that in step (2), use discharge resistance resistance during constant-resistance discharge to determine according to discharge current, Control discharge current is 0.05C ~ 0.15C.
Preferably, in step (3), described charging termination electric current is 0.02C ~ 0.03C.Under this electric current, gas produces Speed not over the recombination rate of oxygen, cell internal pressure will not be formed and raise and injure battery.
Preferably, in step (3), after electric current is less than or equal to described charging termination electric current, charging process enters electricity Solving liquid zwitterion diffusion boost phase, this stage uses time control method, the metal-hydrogen nickel battery described in control Release electricity, close to the nominal capacity of battery.
It is further preferred that described electrolyte zwitterion diffusion boost phase uses gap pulse charge.
It is further preferred that the driving voltage of described electrolyte zwitterion diffusion boost phase is metal nickel hydride The battery analysis oxygen voltage when 25 DEG C.
In the present invention, " C " is the nominal capacity of metal-hydrogen nickel battery group.
In the present invention, master fills the voltage in stage is the described metal-hydrogen nickel battery analysis oxygen voltage when 45 DEG C, at this Under voltage, battery does not fill before satisfying, and metal-hydrogen nickel battery will not produce significantly analyses oxygen, can effectively control oxygen and be combined The competition mechanism of reaction.
In step (3), when electric current is decreased to charging termination electric current, metal-hydrogen nickel battery fills full the most substantially, can To direct plunge into use, if using time control method to control electrolyte zwitterion diffusion boost phase again, then it is more beneficial for The capacity of battery and cycle life.
In the present invention, the method being charged metal-hydrogen nickel battery can use conventional method of the prior art, Such as, constant-voltage charge, constant-current charge, pulse charge, trickle charge etc., or multiple normal charge method segmentation is made for Battery is charged.
Due to the enforcement of above technical scheme, the present invention compared with prior art has the advantage that
The present invention is by first detecting the voltage of metal-hydrogen nickel battery to be filled, if voltage is higher than when setting detection voltage, advanced Row electric discharge, is charged the most again, has both avoided the side reaction harmful to battery, has also made cell active materials fully participate in following Ring, thus extend the cycle-index of battery, well maintain battery capacity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the charging pulse figure in embodiment 1, and this figure is the initial data of current/voltage monitor record, electricity consumption The curve chart that sub-table (EXCEL) generates, the lines of lower section are current curve, and the lines of top are voltage curve;
Accompanying drawing 2 is the charge graph in comparative example 1, and the lines of lower section are current curve, and the lines of top are voltage curve;
Accompanying drawing 3 is the structural principle block diagram of the charging device extending metal-hydrogen nickel battery cycle life.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further details.Should be understood that these embodiments are for saying The ultimate principle of the bright present invention, principal character and advantage, and the present invention is not limited by the following examples.Embodiment uses Implementation condition can do adjustment further according to specific requirement, and not marked implementation condition is usually the condition in normal experiment.
Embodiment 1
The metal-hydrogen nickel battery group that the present embodiment uses, is the standard configuration of sweeping robot producer.Cell nominal capacity For 3000mAH, 10 batteries series connection, capacity is constant, is still that 3000mAH.After dead battery, it is charged, charging Sweeping robot, such iterative cycles is continued on for after completing.
The method being charged battery comprises the steps:
Step (1), detect the voltage of metal-hydrogen nickel battery to be filled, if the voltage of metal-hydrogen nickel battery to be filled is more than 10V, then carry out step (2);If the voltage of metal-hydrogen nickel battery to be filled is less than or equal to 10V, then carry out step (3);
Step (2), treating and fill metal-hydrogen nickel battery and carry out constant-resistance discharge, discharge resistance resistance determines according to discharge current, Control discharge current is 0.1C(300mA), the discharge resistance resistance in the present embodiment is 12 ohm/20W, is discharged to metal to be filled The voltage of hydride nickel-based battery group is less than or equal to 10V, then carries out step (3);
Step (3), treat and fill metal-hydrogen nickel battery group and be charged, initially with 0.1C(300mA) small area analysis carry out Charging, the microstructure to metal hydride alloy and electrolyte interface is safeguarded, charging to voltage is 10.5 ~ 10.8V, so Laggard become owner of the stage of filling.Master fills the stage, and charging voltage is analysis oxygen voltage 14.2V during metal-hydrogen nickel battery 45 DEG C.Control Maximum charging current is 1C(3000mA), charging modes uses constant-voltage charge, when the voltage of metal-hydrogen nickel battery reaches 45 DEG C time analysis oxygen voltage after, electric current start reduce, charging termination electric current is 0.025C(75mA), when electric current less than/equal to set Charging termination electric current after, charging process enters zwitterion diffusion boost phase, and this stage uses gap pulse charge, adds The diffusion of speed ion, the driving voltage in this stage is the metal-hydrogen nickel battery analysis oxygen voltage 15.1V when 25 DEG C, this stage Persistent period uses time control method, and the time is arranged in single-chip microcomputer intervalometer.Control the releasing of metal-hydrogen nickel battery Electricity is close to the nominal capacity of battery.Charging pulse such as Fig. 1, in figure, the spike of decline is the discharge pulse eliminating battery polarization.
Using following charging device to be charged metal-hydrogen nickel battery, charging device includes for metal hydride The charge circuit that thing nickel-based battery is charged, charging device also includes the electric discharge for discharging metal-hydrogen nickel battery Unit, for detect metal-hydrogen nickel battery voltage current/voltage detector unit, be connected with current/voltage detector unit Connect and for controlling the control unit of the break-make of charge circuit and discharge cell, control unit the most respectively with charge circuit and electric discharge Unit is connected, and the control unit in the present embodiment is single-chip microcomputer.Current/voltage detector unit is connected with charge circuit and energy Enough detect the electric current of charge circuit.
When being linked into charging device wait the metal-hydrogen nickel battery filled, current/voltage detector unit detects metallic hydrogen The voltage of compound nickel-based battery is more than when setting detection voltage, and control unit controls discharge cell and connects thus to metal nickel hydride Battery discharges;When current/voltage detector unit detects that the voltage of metal-hydrogen nickel battery is less than or equal to setting detection electricity During pressure, control unit controls charge circuit connection thus is charged metal-hydrogen nickel battery.In charging process, work as electricity When stream voltage detection unit detects the electric current of charge circuit less than charging termination electric current, control unit controls charge circuit and breaks Open.
Charge circuit is the custom circuit of this area, and its structure principle chart sees Fig. 3, including exchange input, rectifying and wave-filtering, HF switch, high frequency transformer, filtering high-frequency rectifier, output unit, PWM regulate, and PWM regulation is connected with HF switch, electricity Stream voltage detection unit is connected with the incoming end of output unit or metal-hydrogen nickel battery, and control unit regulates with PWM It is connected thus controls the break-make of HF switch.Arrow in Fig. 3 is oriented to control direction.
Using this charging device and charging method to carry out repeated charge, cycle life can reach more than 1000 times.
Comparative example 1
The supporting battery of sweeping robot producer, metal-hydrogen nickel battery same as in Example 1, this comparative example uses producer's mark The charger joined, the charging method of this charger is different with this patent from control strategy, use this charger iterative cycles less than 300 times, the actual capacity of battery is almost 0, has completely lost energy storage capacity, charging curve such as Fig. 2.

Claims (9)

1. the charging method extending metal-hydrogen nickel battery cycle life, it is characterised in that: it comprises the steps:
Step (1), detect the voltage of metal-hydrogen nickel battery to be filled, if the voltage of described metal-hydrogen nickel battery to be filled More than setting detection voltage, then carry out step (2);If the voltage of described metal-hydrogen nickel battery to be filled is less than or equal to described Setting detection voltage, then carry out step (3);
Step (2), described metal-hydrogen nickel battery to be filled is discharged, until described metal nickel hydride to be filled electricity The voltage in pond, less than or equal to described setting detection voltage, then carries out step (3);
Step (3), described metal-hydrogen nickel battery to be filled is charged, first, uses the electric current pair of 0.05 ~ 0.15C Described metal-hydrogen nickel battery to be filled is charged, until the voltage of described metal-hydrogen nickel battery is described setting Regular inspection surveys 1.05 ~ 1.08 times of voltage;Fill the stage subsequently into main, set charging voltage as described metal-hydrogen nickel battery 45 DEG C time analysis oxygen voltage, control maximum charging current is 1C, when the voltage of described metal-hydrogen nickel battery reaches institute After analysis oxygen voltage when state 45 DEG C, electric current starts to reduce, and enters the absorption stage, until less than charging termination electric current, stopping filling Electricity.
The charging method of prolongation metal-hydrogen nickel battery cycle life the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute The metal-hydrogen nickel battery stated is that the set of cells that formed through parallel connection of multiple cell, multiple cell are concatenated being formed Set of cells or multiple cell are concatenated the set of cells of formation in parallel.
The charging method of prolongation metal-hydrogen nickel battery cycle life the most according to claim 1 and 2, its feature exists In: when described metal-hydrogen nickel battery be multiple cell through the set of cells that parallel connection is formed time, described setting detection Voltage is 1.0V ~ 1.05V;
When described metal-hydrogen nickel battery is the set of cells that multiple cell is concatenated formation, described setting detection Voltage is nU, and wherein, n is the number of cell of connecting in set of cells, and U is 1.0V ~ 1.05 V;
When described metal-hydrogen nickel battery is the set of cells that multiple cell is concatenated formation in parallel, described setting Detection voltage be nU, U be 1.0V ~ 1.05V, n be the number of cell in series battery, wherein, electric body battery in parallel Be equivalent to a cell.
The charging method of prolongation metal-hydrogen nickel battery cycle life the most according to claim 1 and 2, its feature exists In: in step (2), use constant-resistance discharge mode to discharge.
The charging method of prolongation metal-hydrogen nickel battery cycle life the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: step Suddenly in (2), use constant-resistance discharge time discharge resistance resistance determine according to discharge current, control discharge current be 0.05C ~ 0.15C。
The charging method of prolongation metal-hydrogen nickel battery cycle life the most according to claim 1 and 2, its feature exists In: in step (3), described charging termination electric current is 0.02C ~ 0.03C.
The charging method of prolongation metal-hydrogen nickel battery cycle life the most according to claim 1 and 2, its feature exists In: in step (3), after electric current is less than or equal to described charging termination electric current, charging process enters electrolyte zwitterion Diffusion boost phase, this stage employing time control method, the releasing electricity of the metal-hydrogen nickel battery described in control, close The nominal capacity of battery.
The charging method of prolongation metal-hydrogen nickel battery cycle life the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: institute The electrolyte zwitterion diffusion boost phase stated uses gap pulse charge.
The charging method of prolongation metal-hydrogen nickel battery cycle life the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: institute The driving voltage of the electrolyte zwitterion diffusion boost phase stated is the metal-hydrogen nickel battery analysis oxygen voltage when 25 DEG C.
CN201610408743.1A 2016-06-12 2016-06-12 A kind of charging method extending metal-hydrogen nickel battery cycle life Active CN105870524B (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1096613A (en) * 1993-06-17 1994-12-21 郭富雄 Nickel-cadmium/nickel-hydrogen cell charging and discharging device
CN2487143Y (en) * 2001-05-17 2002-04-17 周宝林 Intelligent Nickel-cadmium (Nickel-hydrogen) cell charger
CN101404346A (en) * 2008-11-19 2009-04-08 中国人民解放军军械工程学院 Constant pressure impulse quick charge method

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1096613A (en) * 1993-06-17 1994-12-21 郭富雄 Nickel-cadmium/nickel-hydrogen cell charging and discharging device
CN2487143Y (en) * 2001-05-17 2002-04-17 周宝林 Intelligent Nickel-cadmium (Nickel-hydrogen) cell charger
CN101404346A (en) * 2008-11-19 2009-04-08 中国人民解放军军械工程学院 Constant pressure impulse quick charge method

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