CN105869691B - A kind of preparation method of the high viscosity radioaerosol depressor of curable stripping - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of the high viscosity radioaerosol depressor of curable stripping Download PDFInfo
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- CN105869691B CN105869691B CN201610230078.1A CN201610230078A CN105869691B CN 105869691 B CN105869691 B CN 105869691B CN 201610230078 A CN201610230078 A CN 201610230078A CN 105869691 B CN105869691 B CN 105869691B
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- depressor
- radioaerosol
- preparation
- high viscosity
- stripping
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/02—Treating gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of oxygen-containing monomers as defined in group C08F16/00
- C08F261/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of oxygen-containing monomers as defined in group C08F16/00 on to polymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08F261/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of oxygen-containing monomers as defined in group C08F16/00 on to polymers of unsaturated alcohols on to polymers of vinyl alcohol
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/52—Amides or imides
- C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
- C08F220/56—Acrylamide; Methacrylamide
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method of the high viscosity radioaerosol depressor of curable stripping, using polyvinyl alcohol as matrix, acrylamide is modified function monomer, water makees solvent, using radical polymerization mechanism, prepare high molecular polymerization solution, then add gelatin and surfactant is modified to it.Radioaerosol depressor of the present invention is formed by matrix polyvinyl alcohol with monomeric acrylamide by free radical solution polymerization graft copolymerization, the depressor of preparation has cross-linked structure, viscosity is high, spray atomizing is deposited to body surface after catching dust granules, with the volatilization of solvent, aerosol dust granules are wrapped up wherein, solidify to form after strippable continuous film body, film body is purged and reclaimed using mechanical means.The quick compacting that the radioaerosol depressor of the present invention can be applied to issuable radioaerosol in the elimination of nuclear facilities or nuclear accident is removed, to prevent radioactive pollution from spreading, the safety of protection operating personnel and environment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nuclear pollution decontamination technology field, more particularly to a kind of high viscosity radioactivity gas of curable stripping are molten
The preparation method of glue laminated preparation.
Background technology
Can all there is the generation of radioaerosol in the elimination of nuclear facilities and nuclear accident.Radioaerosol refers to containing putting
The aerosol of penetrating property nucleic, the solid containing radionuclide or liquid little particle suspend in atmosphere, and having for formation is certain
The radioactive dispersion of degree, characteristic of the radioaerosol with radionuclide and aerosol.So radioactivity gas
No matter colloidal sol dust granules are suspended in air or sunk in body surface, and place in this environment all can be right for a long time by people
Human body produces harm, triggers various diseases, and damaging range is wide and far-reaching.Therefore implement the quick control of radioaerosol and go
Except be mitigate damage sequence, prevent the important measure of contamination, the protection of safety and environment to operating personnel will have emphatically
Big meaning.For the control of aerosol dust, the more flexible method taken conventional at present is mainly that spray is wet
Method suppresses decontamination;The spray liquid used is usually the surfactant with polyalcohol, carbohydrate, one kind in waterglass resin etc.
Or the aqueous solution of several low viscosities for main component, its shortcoming is that the aqueous solution spray liquid of low viscosity drops to object
It is difficult to collect behind surface, easily causes the secondary pollution problems of radioaerosol dust.For the spy of radioaerosol
Property, form the depressor droplet of motion after the radioaerosol depressor atomizing spray of preparation, droplet by adhesion with
Wetting action takes radioaerosol dust to ground, and highly viscous compacting film is formed on ground, with solvent volatilization, point
Radioaerosol dust granules are wrapped in its network structure by the migration of subchain;Formed after strippable continuous film body, profit
It is purged, is reclaimed with mechanical means;The stripping film body of concentration is finally loaded into radwaste transport vehicle, scene is sailed out of, transported
Processing is compressed to radioactive waste disposal field, the removing work of radioaerosol is so far completed.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of preparation side of the high viscosity radioaerosol depressor of curable stripping
Method, it is intended to solve the quick compacting of issuable radioaerosol pollution in nuclear activity (such as core retired and Nuclear Accident Emergency)
Removal problem.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of preparation side of the high viscosity radioaerosol depressor of curable stripping
Method, the preparation method of the high viscosity radioaerosol depressor of the curable stripping is using polyvinyl alcohol as matrix, acryloyl
Amine is modified function monomer, and water makees solvent, using radical polymerization mechanism, prepares high molecular polymerization solution, then add gelatin and
Surfactant is modified to it.
Further, the preparation method of the high viscosity radioaerosol depressor of the curable stripping includes:
100 parts of high molecular polymerization solution is measured, wherein adding 3~7 parts of gelatin auxiliary agent, heating stirring 15~20 minutes;Plus
Enter 1~1.5 part of surfactant;Stirring obtains radioaerosol depressor to dissolving.
Further, the preparation method for measuring high molecular polymerization solution comprises the following steps:
Step one, the preparation of matrix polyvinyl alcohol, 2~9 parts of polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved in 40~50 parts of deionized waters, heating
Stirring during in homogeneous transparent shape without particulate matter, is incubated to dissolving at 90 DEG C, stand-by;
Step 2, the preparation of monomer initiator mixed solution, 1~5 part of monomeric acrylamide, initiator ammonium persulfate 0.01
~0.05 part, the wherein consumption of initiator ammonium persulfate is 1~1.5wt% mass fractions of monomeric acrylamide consumption, is dissolved in
In 30~40 parts of solvent deionized waters monomer initiator mixed solution, stirring is placed at shady and cool dry, treats to abundant dissolving
With;
Step 3, the synthesis of high molecular polymerization solution cools the poly-vinyl alcohol solution of step steady, and temperature range exists
60~80 DEG C, step B monomer initiator mixed solution, drop speed are added dropwise with constant pressure funnel by 200~450rpm of mixing speed
Control is reacted 250~500 minutes at 1~3 drop/sec after completion of dropping, is stopped heating and is stirred, is discharged after cooling, secure satisfactory grades son
Polymeric solution.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high viscosity radioaerosol depressor of the curable stripping
Preparation method prepare curable stripping high viscosity radioaerosol depressor, the high viscosity radioaerosol pressure
Preparation is in terms of 100 parts;
100 parts of high molecular polymerization solution, wherein adding 3~7 parts of gelatin auxiliary agent, 1~1.5 part of surfactant.
Further, the surfactant is selected from neopelex, lauryl sodium sulfate or dodecyl sulphur
Sour sodium.
The preparation method of the high viscosity radioaerosol depressor for the curable stripping that the present invention is provided, radioactivity gas is molten
Glue laminated preparation is formed by matrix polyvinyl alcohol with monomeric acrylamide by free radical solution polymerization graft copolymerization, the compacting of preparation
Agent has cross-linked structure, and viscosity is high, and spray atomizing is deposited to body surface after catching dust granules, with waving for solvent
Hair, aerosol dust granules are wrapped up wherein, are solidify to form after strippable continuous film body, and film body is carried out using mechanical means
Remove and reclaim.The radioaerosol depressor of the present invention can be applied in general occasion and the elimination of nuclear facilities or nuclear accident,
Mitigate damage sequence, prevent the safety of contamination, protection operating personnel and environment.Aerosol depressor prepared by the present invention can
Can solve to carry out the quick compacting of aerosol in the place for producing radioaerosol pollution with reference to depressor spray equipment
And remove.Simultaneously suppress after depressor can self-curing film forming, easily collect avoid secondary pollution.For the retired processing of core and core
The emergent corresponding middle radioaerosol pollution that may occur, flexible minimizing technology is to carry out spraying wet method compacting
It is dirty, it is contemplated that current depressor is mainly low viscosity aqueous solution, it is understood that there may be to be permeated the ground after the landing of depressor adsorption of dust
Airborne dust, which is formed, after causing depth to pollute or dry causes secondary pollution.It is solid that the present invention carries out the high viscosity resin compacting of radioaerosol
Agent is synthetically prepared and performance study, and such a depressor is as the spray liquid in wet sprinkling dedusting technology, after high-pressure atomization
It can be rigidly fastened within polymer network structure by absorption, seizure, reunion aerosol particles, can film forming after landing
Solidification reaches effective fixed dust, and the protecting film formed has certain anti-etch and antiscour function again.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the preparation method of the high viscosity radioaerosol depressor of curable stripping provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Flow chart.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
The present invention is using polyvinyl alcohol as matrix, and acrylamide is modified function monomer, and water makees solvent, using radical polymerization
Mechanism, prepares high molecular polymerization solution, then adds gelatin and surfactant is modified to it.
The application principle of the present invention is explained in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Macromolecule of the preparation method of the high viscosity radioaerosol depressor of the curable stripping of the present invention to synthesize
100 parts of meters of polymeric solution.
As shown in figure 1, the preparation side of the high viscosity radioaerosol depressor of the curable stripping of the embodiment of the present invention
Method comprises the following steps:
S101:The preparation of matrix polyvinyl alcohol, 2~9 parts of polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved in 40~50 parts of deionized waters, heating is stirred
Mix to dissolving, during in homogeneous transparent shape without particulate matter, be incubated at 90 DEG C, it is stand-by;
S102:The preparation of monomer initiator mixed solution, 1~5 part of monomeric acrylamide (AM), initiator ammonium persulfate
(APS) 0.01~0.05 part, wherein the consumption (APS) of initiator ammonium persulfate for monomeric acrylamide (AM) consumption 1~
1.5wt% (mass fraction), is dissolved in 30~40 parts of solvent deionized waters and obtains monomer initiator mixed solution, stirs to fully molten
Solution, is placed at shady and cool dry, stand-by;
S103:The synthesis of high molecular polymerization solution, the poly-vinyl alcohol solution that step S101 prepares is cooled, temperature range exists
60~80 DEG C, step B monomer initiator mixed solution, drop speed are added dropwise with constant pressure funnel by 200~450rpm of mixing speed
Control is reacted 250~500 minutes at 1~3 drop/sec after completion of dropping, is stopped heating and is stirred, is discharged after cooling, secure satisfactory grades son
Polymeric solution;
S104:The preparation of radioaerosol depressor, measures 100 parts of high molecular polymerization solution, is helped wherein adding gelatin
3~7 parts of agent, heating stirring 15~20 minutes;Add surfactant, 1~1.5 part;Stirring obtains radioaerosol to dissolving
Depressor;
S105:The viscosity regulation of high viscosity radioaerosol depressor, radioaerosol depressor is sealed after preparing
Stand 12 hours, survey its viscosity (generally higher than 4000mPas) be progressively diluted to deionized water target viscosities value (800~
3000mPas), seal, be placed in the shady and cool place of drying and store.
The surfactant of the present invention is selected from neopelex, lauryl sodium sulfate, dodecyl sodium sulfate.
The application principle of the present invention is further described with reference to specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
First, the preparation of high molecular polymerization solution
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA1799) 600g, deionized water 2000ml is warming up to 90 DEG C, stirring 90min is extremely in reactor
Polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved, and cools to 80 DEG C, heat preservation for standby use.
Acrylamide (AM) monomer 60g, ammonium persulfate (APS) initiator 0.6g, are dissolved in 1200ml deionized waters and being formed
Monomer initiator mixed solution, it is stand-by.
Monomer initiator mixed solution, 2 drops/sec of drop speed, 80 minutes completion of dropping, monomer initiator mixed solution drop is added dropwise
After complete, 200 minutes are incubated, cooling discharge, secure satisfactory grades sub- polymeric solution.
2nd, the preparation of radioaerosol depressor
High molecular polymerization solution 1L is measured, 40 DEG C are heated to, gelatin 10g is added, stirring 30 minutes (rotating speed 250~
400rpm), room temperature is down to, is discharged, surfactant sodium dodecyl base benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt 1.1g is added and stirs to dissolving, sealing and standing
12h, produces the high viscosity radioaerosol depressor of curable stripping.
3rd, the viscosity regulation of radioaerosol depressor
Sealing and standing 12 hours after prepared by radioaerosol depressor, surveys its viscosity (generally higher than 4000mPas) and uses
Deionized water is progressively diluted to target viscosities value (800~3000mPas), sealing, is placed in the shady and cool place of drying and stores.
4th, the compacting efficiency rating of radioaerosol depressor
Using simulated emission aerosol dust, occur with aerosol generator, use the radioaerosol prepared
Depressor carries out atomizing spray, and compacting rate can reach more than 84%.
5th, the solidification rippability of radioaerosol depressor
From different substrate materials surface such as glass, marble, metal, engineering plastics etc., using atomizing spraying mode in difference
Surface is coated, surface level, spray area 50cm × 50cm, places in 48 hours solidify at room temperature, and continuous film forming is used
Mechanical means is peeled off, and extent of exfoliation is more than or equal to 98%.
Embodiment 2
First, the preparation of matrix polyvinyl alcohol
2~9 parts of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA1799), is dissolved in 40~50 parts of deionized waters, and heating stirring is to dissolving, in uniform
When transparence is without particulate matter, it is incubated at 90 DEG C, it is stand-by.
2nd, the preparation of monomer initiator mixed solution
1~5 part of monomeric acrylamide (AM), wherein 0.01~0.05 part of initiator ammonium persulfate (APS), initiator over cure
The consumption (APS) of sour ammonium is the 1~1.5wt% (mass fraction) of monomeric acrylamide (AM) consumption, is dissolved in 30~40 parts of solvents
In deionized water monomer initiator mixed solution, stirring is placed at shady and cool dry to abundant dissolving, stand-by.
3rd, the synthesis of high molecular polymerization solution
The poly-vinyl alcohol solution of step steady is cooled, temperature range at 60~80 DEG C, mixing speed 200~
450rpm, step B monomer initiator mixed solution is added dropwise with constant pressure funnel, and drop speed control is dripped at 1~3 drop/sec
Reacted 250~500 minutes after finishing, stop heating and stir, discharged after cooling, secure satisfactory grades sub- polymeric solution.
4th, the preparation of radioaerosol depressor
100 parts of high molecular polymerization solution is measured, wherein adding 3~7 parts of gelatin auxiliary agent, heating stirring 15~20 minutes;Plus
Enter surfactant, 1~1.5 part;Stirring obtains radioaerosol depressor to dissolving.
The viscosity regulation of high viscosity radioaerosol depressor
Sealing and standing 12 hours after prepared by radioaerosol depressor, surveys its viscosity (generally higher than 4000mPas) and uses
Deionized water is progressively diluted to target viscosities value (800~3000mPas), sealing, is placed in the shady and cool place of drying and stores.
The radioaerosol depressor that the present invention is provided can not only reduce the radioaerosol particle in air
Aerosol dust granules are collected by concentration, it may also be used for the loose contamination on fixed object surface.
The application effect of the present invention is explained in detail with reference to experiment.
Experiment one, the detection of aerosol depressor efficiency of dust collection
1. purpose
Aerosol depressor efficiency of dust collection is measured.
2. normative reference
Country or the professional standard of index of correlation are there is no at present.
This patent is as follows to aerosol depressor efficiency of dust collection decision method:In certain confined space, using certain
The standard dust of amount occurs to confined space through aerosol generator, and its aerosol produced is detected by aerosol detecting instrument
Granule density, takes a certain amount of aerosol depressor to carry out atomizing spray in this space, real-time by aerosol detecting instrument
Record the change of aerosol concentration, it is possible to which this calculates the efficiency of dust collection of aerosol depressor, the dedusting effect of aerosol depressor
Rate calculation formula is as follows:
3. test sample and instrument
Instrument and equipment:German PALAS WELAS-2000 granule aerosol detecting systems;German PALAS BEG-1000 type gas is molten
System occurs for glue;U.S. PTI simulation aerosol test dust (A2Coarse Test Dust);Gas account, volume is 1.4m3;Day
Ben Yan fields W-77 manual spray guns;Air compressor
Sample:PVA-PAM types depressor (4 groups), self-control.
4. detect subject
Aerosol depressor efficiency of dust collection.
5. experimental design and step:
Step one:The preparation of aerosol depressor, prepares the sample of 4 kinds of different viscosities respectively, PVA-PAM type depressors
Viscosity is 1#-120mPa.s, 2#-450mPa.s, 3#-1080mPa.s, 4#-1760mPa.s.
Step 2:Test platform is built, and manual spray gun is connected with air compressor by flexible pipe, compressed air is used as spray
The power source of rifle, manual spray gun carries sample jar (1L);Gas net top portion sets movable circular open, and opening diameter 10cm is convenient
Gun slot sprays sample into gas account, and aerosol detection device sample tap is placed in inside gas account, is highly the general of gas account height,
Mouth down is sampled, aerosol particle concentration value can be continuously detected.
Step 3:The generation of aerosol.Weigh 2g dust by aerosol generator to occur to gas account, generation rate is
2g/min, real-time aerosol concentration is detected by granule aerosol detecting system, and the 4th step is proceeded by after aerosol concentration is stable.
Step 4:By gas net top portion carry out dust aerosol depressor atomizing spray, spray flux is 1L, during spray
Between be 10min, stand after spray and keep the change of detection aerosol concentration in real time in 15min, this process (25min).
Step 5:The calculating of aerosol efficiency of dust collection
The calculation formula of settling efficiency:
6. experimental result
Table 1PVA-PAM types depressor compacting Efficiency testing result (2~105 μm)
7. analysis of experimental results
The PVA-PAM types depressor of different viscosities is directed to the aerosol of 2~105 mu m wavebands, its suppress gross efficiency 84~
Between 91%.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within refreshing and principle etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (4)
1. the preparation method of the high viscosity radioaerosol depressor of a kind of curable stripping, it is characterised in that described to consolidate
Change the preparation method for the high viscosity radioaerosol depressor peeled off using polyvinyl alcohol as matrix, acrylamide is modified function
Monomer, water makees solvent, using radical polymerization mechanism, prepares high molecular polymerization solution, then add gelatin and surfactant pair
It is modified;
The preparation method of the high viscosity radioaerosol depressor of the curable stripping includes:
100 parts of high molecular polymerization solution is measured, wherein adding 3~7 parts of gelatin auxiliary agent, heating stirring 15~20 minutes;Add table
1~1.5 part of face activating agent;Stirring obtains radioaerosol depressor to dissolving.
2. the preparation method of the high viscosity radioaerosol depressor of curable stripping as claimed in claim 1, its feature
It is, the preparation method for measuring high molecular polymerization solution comprises the following steps:
Step one, the preparation of matrix polyvinyl alcohol, 2~9 parts of polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved in 40~50 parts of deionized waters, heating stirring
To dissolving, during in homogeneous transparent shape without particulate matter, it is incubated at 90 DEG C, it is stand-by;
Step 2, the preparation of monomer initiator mixed solution, 1~5 part of monomeric acrylamide, initiator ammonium persulfate 0.01~
0.05 part, the wherein consumption of initiator ammonium persulfate is 1~1.5wt% mass fractions of monomeric acrylamide consumption, is dissolved in 30
In~40 parts of solvent deionized waters monomer initiator mixed solution, stirring is placed at shady and cool dry to abundant dissolving, stand-by;
Step 3, the synthesis of high molecular polymerization solution cools the poly-vinyl alcohol solution of step steady, temperature range 60~
80 DEG C, step B monomer initiator mixed solution, drop speed 1~3 are added dropwise with constant pressure funnel by 200~450rpm of mixing speed
Drop/sec, reacted 250~500 minutes after completion of dropping, stop heating and stir, discharged after cooling, secure satisfactory grades sub- polymeric solution.
3. prepared by a kind of preparation method of the high viscosity radioaerosol depressor of curable stripping as claimed in claim 1
The high viscosity radioaerosol depressor of curable stripping, it is characterised in that the high viscosity radioaerosol depressor
In terms of 100 parts;
100 parts of high molecular polymerization solution, wherein adding 3~7 parts of gelatin auxiliary agent, 1~1.5 part of surfactant.
4. the high viscosity radioaerosol depressor of curable stripping as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the table
Face activating agent is selected from neopelex, lauryl sodium sulfate or dodecyl sodium sulfate.
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CN106548820B (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2018-11-16 | 航天晨光股份有限公司 | A kind of vehicular membrane body automatic packaging mechanism |
CN107240429B (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2019-09-06 | 洛阳市琦安科技有限公司 | A kind of pressed material and drawing method of radioactive nucleus pollutant diffusive migration |
CN108986946B (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2022-07-19 | 洛阳市琦安科技有限公司 | Adsorption and sedimentation material for radioactive nuclear pollutants in air and elimination method |
CN110040370B (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2023-07-07 | 核工业理化工程研究院 | Hand-held radioactive pollution decontaminating device |
CN110246602B (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2020-12-25 | 西南科技大学 | Aqueous low surface tension high viscosity radioactive aerosol pressing agent and preparation method thereof |
CN110277182B (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2021-05-18 | 西南科技大学 | Preparation method of corrosive self-brittle radioactive detergent for iron-based material surface |
CN114993117A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-09-02 | 中国人民解放军火箭军工程大学 | Pressing agent throwing device based on explosion driving and throwing method thereof |
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CN1338757A (en) * | 2001-09-12 | 2002-03-06 | 中国人民解放军济南军区联勤部军事医学研究所 | Film for removing surficial radioactivity pollution and process for preparing its filming agent |
CN1332398C (en) * | 2004-10-15 | 2007-08-15 | 中国人民解放军总参谋部工程兵科研三所 | Peeling off type pressed detergent |
CN101064198A (en) * | 2006-04-26 | 2007-10-31 | 中国人民解放军总参谋部工程兵科研三所 | Response type inhabitation detergent |
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CN104693339B (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2017-03-22 | 河北工业大学 | Water-based dust depressor and preparation method thereof |
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