CN105868157A - Driver's fixation duration based tunnel entrance and exit speed limit sign position setting method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a driver's fixation duration based tunnel entrance and exit speed limit sign position setting method. The method includes steps: partitioning a tunnel entrance road section and a tunnel exit road section into a plurality of areas according to a set unit distance, and recording vehicle positions; acquiring driver's fixation duration data, and establishing tunnel entrance and exit fixation duration models to further determine a distance between a tunnel entrance and a driver noticing the tunnel entrance and a distance between a tunnel exit and the driver noticing the tunnel exit; collecting vehicle driving speed data to obtain vehicular acceleration, and taking vehicle braking reaction time into account to determine a distance required by the vehicle from deceleration to achievement of a limited speed; obtaining a tunnel entrance speed limit sign position and a tunnel exit speed limit sign position. Since the fixation time, driver's reaction time in a braking process and a vehicle deceleration process are taken into account, a 'people-vehicle-road-environment' integrated traffic system is fully embodied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to gateway, tunnel based on driver's fixation time speed(-)limit sign position determination method, specifically in tunnel
The linear conforming speed change parameter of major embodiment and when watching attentively of driver psychology load variations of reaction are chosen in section, gateway
Between combine structure model, and then obtain gateway, tunnel speed(-)limit sign position determination method.
Background technology
Along with highway was fast-developing in recent years, highway constantly extends to mountain area, due to the limitation of landform, tunnel number
Amount and mileage are continuously increased, the particularity of its running environment, to traffic safety important, and the conduct of gateway, tunnel
The changeover portion of running environment, often becomes the centrostigma of tunnel accident, and gateway, tunnel Exploration on Train Operation Safety is entered by an urgent demand
Row system is comprehensively studied.
Being found by retrieval, the most domestic to arrange proposed method for speed(-)limit sign less, such as Chinese invention patent "
The method to set up of kind of roadside speed limit signs on ordinary road " in [200910232407.6], invent at common road traffic environment
Under roadside speed limit based on road conditions, driver's seat and cognitive parameter arrange position, repeat to arrange number of times and
Away from, release speed(-)limit sign location method is set, " road construction speed(-)limit sign arranges position and speed limit size determines method "
[201110313044.6], in, invented a kind of road construction speed(-)limit sign based on driver's SOAR intelligent body and position has been set
Method is determined with speed limit size.The above patent has all played certain effect to speed(-)limit sign position, in terms of applied environment,
Existing patent all concentrates on ordinary road aspect, the method lacking the section special for running environment this kind of to gateway, tunnel,
The most whether existence uncertainty, it is impossible to fundamentally solve gateway, tunnel driving peace if can produce a desired effect
Full problem.In terms of method for designing, though existing patent dabbles the raw psychological factor of driver, but fail to describe driver comprehensively and exist
The change of mental workload on the run, and mental workload is to describe the important indicator of emergency capability in driver's stroke.
The present invention relates to theoretical basis for driving fixation time.
Fixation time:
In recent years, Chinese scholars is made that contribution highly significant for gateway, tunnel driver eye movement characteristic.External
Person's research shows, in the driver eye movement characteristic generation significant change of gateway, tunnel, in addition to the change of pupil area, to watch attentively
Characteristic changes also with the complexity of road conditions, is in particular in that fixation times increases and fixation time reduces.At home in research,
Mention driver sight angle and watch attentively in " freeway tunnel road segment driver minimum fixation time determines and applies " literary composition
The relation of time；" freeway tunnel group entry and exit section driver's vision feature " proposes in tunnel group entry and exit part,
By outside tunnel close to the Changing Pattern of fixation time during tunnel portal；" highway long tunnel exit section driver's vision
Changing features rule " literary composition proposes driver's fixation times along with gateway, tunnel close to and reduce, but leave discrepancy
After Kou, fixation times increases；" freeway tunnel group entry and exit section driver's vision feature " literary composition analyzes tunnel go out
Entrance driver's fixation time, fixation times and the Changing Pattern of pan amplitude.Though more than research finds to note at gateway, tunnel
Changing Pattern between apparent time, but quantify the most accurately, clearly, intuitively this rule, this patent comes in and goes out with freeway tunnel
At Kou based on driver's fixation time data, the degree of depth explores driver's fixation time Changing Pattern at gateway, tunnel, and structure
Established model." gateway, Nighttime road tunnel section driver eye movement characteristic research " is though quantitative in a literary composition describing nighttime driving person
The Changing Pattern of fixation time, but the most individually consider this driver's fixation time Changing Pattern in particular cases at night,
General character requirement can not be met.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to as overcoming above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of tunnel based on driver's fixation time goes out
Entrance speed(-)limit sign position determination method, have employed " fixation time " that can reflect driver psychology load variations, and considers
Response time of driver and the moderating process of vehicle in braking procedure, fully demonstrated that " people-Che-road-environment " be integrated
Traffic system.
For achieving the above object, the present invention uses following technical proposals:
Gateway, tunnel based on driver's fixation time speed(-)limit sign position determination method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: tunnel portal section and tunnel exit section are divided into several regions, record by setting unit distance
Vehicle location y；
Step 2: gather the fixation time data of driver, analyzes the change of driver's fixation time at tunnel portal and tunnel exit
Law, builds fixation time model at tunnel portal and tunnel exit, so determine when driver notices tunnel portal away from
Distance L from tunnel portal1Distance L of distance tunnel exit when noticing tunnel exit with driver2；
Step 3: collect vehicle travel speed data, draw the acceleration of vehicle, it is considered to car braking response time t, determine
Vehicle deceleration is to limiting speed required separation distance Z；
Step 4: the L obtained according to step 21And L2Value, and the value of Z that step 3 obtains, calculate tunnel portal
Speed(-)limit sign position M1With tunnel exit speed(-)limit sign position M2。
Concretely comprising the following steps of described step 2:
Step 2-1: make driver wear eye tracker, records driver dynamic visual signature, collection different time sections and not same district
Driver's fixation time x at territory；
Step 2-2: meansigma methods and variance yields to fixation time x carry out qualitative and quantitative analysis, build vehicle location and watch attentively
The general purpose function model that time is corresponding；
Step 2-3: according to the data that step 2-1 is collected, the function model of step 2-2 is carried out normal approach, determine and can react
The driver of different time sections and zones of different watches the function of characteristic rule attentively；
Step 2-4: the function according to obtaining in step 2-3 determines L1And L2。
Concretely comprising the following steps of described step 2-2:
The data collected according to step 2-1, meansigma methods and variance yields to fixation time carry out quantification and qualification, obtain
At gateway, tunnel, the change of driver's fixation time x overall trend meets normal distribution；Thus build fixation time and vehicle location
Correlation function, model is as follows:
In formula: y is vehicle location, x is fixation time, and α, β, δ, γ are constant；
Formula 1 is negated function, obtain the function model of vehicle location y and fixation time x, as follows:
The function determined in described step 2-3 be daytime tunnel portal and tunnel exit at the function of vehicle location and fixation time,
And the function of vehicle location and fixation time at tunnel portal at night and tunnel exit.
Concretely comprising the following steps of described step 2-4:
(1) find out at tunnel portal on daytime respectively, at daytime tunnel exit, at night tunnel portal and at night tunnel exit
Highs and lows in fixation time change curve, to obtain to enter apart from tunnel when daytime driving person notices tunnel portal
Length L of moutha, daytime driving person's length L of distance tunnel exit when noticing tunnel exitb, nighttime driving person notice tunnel
Length L of distance tunnel portal during road entrancecAnd nighttime driving person's length of distance tunnel exit when noticing tunnel exit
Ld；
(2) L is comparedaWith Lc, take LaWith LcIn maximum be driver's length of distance tunnel portal when noticing tunnel portal
Degree L1；Relatively LbWith Ld, take LbWith LdIn maximum be driver's length of distance tunnel exit when noticing tunnel exit
L2。
Concretely comprising the following steps of described (1):
Utilize the function drawn in step 2-3, find out at tunnel portal on daytime respectively, at daytime tunnel exit, tunnel at night
Highs and lows in four change curves of fixation time at porch and night tunnel exit, by daytime tunnel portal
Minimum point in the fixation time change curve vehicle location y corresponding with peak is poor, is La；Ask by identical method
Go out Lb、LcAnd Ld。
Concretely comprising the following steps of described step 3:
Step 3-1: base area magnetic inductive equipment records vehicle location y, obtains Vehicle Speed according to speed instrument, asks
Go out vehicle average acceleration in running total time T
In formula, a (ti) it is tiThe acceleration in moment；
Step 3-2: according to step 3-1, and response time t when considering car braking, determine that vehicle vehicle deceleration is to limiting
Speed required separation distance Z:
In formula: ViRunning velocity for current region section；Vi+1Speed is limited for speed(-)limit sign.
Concretely comprising the following steps of described step 4:
Distance L of distance tunnel portal when driver is noticed tunnel portal1With vehicle deceleration to limiting speed required separation distance Z
Summation, draws tunnel portal speed(-)limit sign position M1；Distance L of distance tunnel exit when driver is noticed tunnel exit2With
Vehicle deceleration, to limiting speed required separation distance Z summation, draws tunnel exit speed(-)limit sign position M2。
The operation principle of the present invention is:
By monitoring the fixation time of driver, obtain the corresponding relation of fixation time and vehicle location, and then show that driver notes
Meaning to the distance length I of tunnel portal or driver during tunnel portal notice tunnel exit time apart from the length of tunnel exit
Ⅱ；Consider response time and the moderating process of vehicle of driver in braking procedure, obtain vehicle deceleration to limiting speed time institute
Need distance；Vehicle deceleration required separation distance and length I summation are the speed(-)limit sign position of tunnel portal, by vehicle deceleration institute
Distance is needed to be the speed(-)limit sign position of tunnel exit with length II summation.
The invention have the benefit that
The present invention breaches the simple method considering that " speed " this index determines the position of speed(-)limit sign of tradition, in conjunction with artificially
This design philosophy, not only allows for the requirement of vehicle performance, it is also contemplated that with the transport need of road person, i.e. comprehensive people, car
Requirement, choosing " driver's fixation time " is leading indicator, and combines traditional " speed " index, build speed limit mark
Will position model, and then determine humanized gateway, tunnel speed(-)limit sign position determination method.
The outstanding advantage of the present invention is to have employed to reflect driver psychology load variations " fixation time ", and considers system
During Dong, response time of driver and the moderating process of vehicle, fully demonstrated the friendship that " people-Che-road-environment " is integrated
Way system.
The model that the present invention obtains its Changing Pattern structure according to driver's fixation time data on daytime Yu night has more reliably
Property.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the corresponding relation schematic diagram of driver's fixation time and vehicle location；
Fig. 2 is speed(-)limit sign position, gateway, the tunnel setting logical flow chart watching characteristic according to driver attentively；
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As in figure 2 it is shown, the detailed process of gateway, tunnel based on driver's fixation time speed(-)limit sign position determination method is such as
Under:
(1) in units of 50m, respectively gateway, tunnel pavement section is become several regions, to remember vehicle location y, in each district
Earth induction formula equipment NC200 is laid in territory, and with car GP configuring S registration of vehicle speed Vi；
(2) according to driver's fixation time data, analyze driver's fixation time Changing Pattern at gateway, tunnel, build tunnel
Say porch fixation time model, and then determine distance L when driver notices tunnel exit:
(2-1) make driver wear Eyelink II type eye tracker, record driver's dynamic vision feature, owing to driver is not
All have any different with the characteristic of watching attentively of time period and tunnel exit and entrance, during so need to gather that at zones of different, driver watches attentively
Between x；
The data collected according to step (2-1), meansigma methods and variance yields to fixation time carry out quantification and qualification, obtain
The distribution function of driver's fixation time at gateway, tunnel.For the concrete function model of clear and definite fixation time x, this patent is carried out
The operation of step 2-1, the data according to gathering carry out Function Fitting, obtain the change of fixation time x overall trend and meet normal state
Distribution, thus builds vehicle location correlation function, and model is as follows:
In formula: y is vehicle location, x is fixation time, and remaining is constant；Above-mentioned formula is the formula according to normal distributionDeformation gets.The relation schematic diagram of fixation time and vehicle location is as shown in Figure 1.
This function is negated function, obtain the function model of vehicle location y and fixation time x, as follows:
(2-3) by the data normal approach above-mentioned institute established model that step (2-1) is collected, daytime and night are determined the most respectively
Between gateway, tunnel position of driver and driver note the function of time, calibrate daytime and vehicle at night position letter the most respectively
The relevant parameter of number (because driver by day with night to watch characteristic attentively different, calibrating parameters is distinguished for daytime and night.
Corresponding different tunnel, the data scaling gathered according to experiment by the concrete numerical value of model parameter on daytime and night is constant).
(2-4) utilizing and calibrate the function of parameter, that finds in daytime and nighttime driving person's fixation time change curve respectively is the highest
Point and minimum point, the distance peak F of distance tunnel portal when daytime driving person notices tunnel portala(y'a,x'a), minimum
Point Fa(y”a,x”a)；The peak of distance tunnel exit distance when daytime driving person notices tunnel exit
Fb(y'b,x'b), minimum point Fb(y”b,x”b)；The distance of distance tunnel portal when nighttime driving person notices tunnel portal
Peak Fc(y'c,x'c), minimum point Fc(y”c,x”c)；Distance tunnel exit when nighttime driving person notices tunnel exit
The peak F of distanced(y'd,x'd), minimum point Fd(y”d,x”d).Based on this, obtain daytime and nighttime driving person notices tunnel
Distance L of distance gateway, tunnel during gateway, road:
La=y "a-y′a；
Lb=y "b-y′b；
Lc=y "c-y′c；
Ld=y "d-y′d；
In formula, LaThe length of distance tunnel portal, L when noticing tunnel portal for daytime driving personbNote for daytime driving person
To the length of distance tunnel exit, L during tunnel exitcThe length of distance tunnel portal when noticing tunnel portal for nighttime driving person
Degree, LdThe length of distance tunnel exit when noticing tunnel exit for nighttime driving person；As shown in fig. 1, F2The vehicle at place
Position and F1The difference of the vehicle location at place is required length LaOr LbOr LcOr Ld。
(2-5) according to step (2-4), it is respectively compared distance tunnel when noticing gateway, tunnel with nighttime driving person daytime and comes in and goes out
The distance of mouth, finally determines and obtains distance L of distance tunnel portal when driver notices tunnel portal1Notice with driver
Distance L of distance tunnel exit during tunnel exit2:
L1=max (La,Lc)；
L2=max (Lb,Ld)。
(3) collect vehicle travel speed data, determine the deceleration of vehicle, it is considered to car braking response time t, determine vehicle
Be decelerated to limit speed required separation distance Z:
(3-1) data analysis that base area magnetic inductive equipment NC200, GPS positioning-speed-measuring and radar velocity measurement obtain, vehicle is not
Can constantly change with the up brief acceleration of sailing in section, the acceleration of total time T and per moment can be run by vehicle
a(ti) obtain its average acceleration
(3-2) for guarantee driver when by region corresponding to fixation time maximum, speed is right up to tunnel internal and allows
Within the scope of (considering that driver is entering before tunnel, the scope that speed may specify beyond speed limit, driver is seeing
After speed(-)limit sign, load arrives maximum i.e. fixation time maximum at heart, need to consider that driver has a process slowed down.Consideration is driven
The person's of sailing moderating process, during for guaranteeing driver's fixation time maximum, after slowing down, speed can reach the speed limit that tunnel is allowed
Within the scope of.), the speed data gathered according to step (1) and step (3-1), and response time t when considering car braking,
Determine the deceleration distance Z of vehicle:
In formula: ViRunning velocity for current road segment；Vi+1Speed is limited for speed(-)limit sign.
(4) distance L of distance tunnel portal when the person of sailing is noticed tunnel portal1Sue for peace with vehicle deceleration distance Z, finally determine
Freeway tunnel entrance speed(-)limit sign position M1；Distance L of distance tunnel exit when the person of sailing is noticed tunnel exit2With car
Deceleration distance Z summation, finally determines that freeway tunnel exports speed(-)limit sign position M2, computation model is as follows:
M1=Z+L1；
M2=Z+L2。
Although the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described by the above-mentioned accompanying drawing that combines, but not to scope
Limiting, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that, on the basis of technical scheme, those skilled in the art are not required to
Various amendments that creative work to be paid can be made or deformation are still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. gateway, tunnel based on driver's fixation time speed(-)limit sign position determination method, is characterized in that, including following step
Rapid:
Step 1: tunnel portal section and tunnel exit section are divided into several regions, record by setting unit distance
Vehicle location y；
Step 2: gather the fixation time data of driver, analyzes the change of driver's fixation time at tunnel portal and tunnel exit
Law, builds fixation time model at tunnel portal and tunnel exit, so determine when driver notices tunnel portal away from
Distance L from tunnel portal1Distance L of distance tunnel exit when noticing tunnel exit with driver2；
Step 3: collect vehicle travel speed data, draw the acceleration of vehicle, it is considered to car braking response time t, determine
Vehicle deceleration is to limiting speed required separation distance Z；
Step 4: the L obtained according to step 21And L2Value, and the value of Z that step 3 obtains, calculate tunnel portal
Speed(-)limit sign position M1With tunnel exit speed(-)limit sign position M2。
2. speed(-)limit sign position determination method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, concretely comprising the following steps of described step 2:
Step 2-1: make driver wear eye tracker, records driver dynamic visual signature, collection different time sections and not same district
Driver's fixation time x at territory；
Step 2-2: meansigma methods and variance yields to fixation time x carry out qualitative and quantitative analysis, build vehicle location and watch attentively
The general purpose function model that time is corresponding；
Step 2-3: according to the data that step 2-1 is collected, the function model of step 2-2 is carried out normal approach, determine and can react
The driver of different time sections and zones of different watches the function of characteristic rule attentively；
Step 2-4: the function according to obtaining in step 2-3 determines L1And L2。
3. speed(-)limit sign position determination method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, the concrete steps of described step 2-2
For:
The data collected according to step 2-1, meansigma methods and variance yields to fixation time carry out quantification and qualification, obtain
At gateway, tunnel, the change of driver's fixation time x overall trend meets normal distribution；Thus build fixation time and vehicle location
Correlation function, model is as follows:
In formula: y is vehicle location, x is fixation time, and α, β, δ, γ are constant；
Formula 1 is negated function, obtain the function model of vehicle location y and fixation time x, as follows:
4. speed(-)limit sign position determination method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, the letter determined in described step 2-3
Number is the functions of vehicle location and fixation time at tunnel portal on daytime and tunnel exit, and tunnel portal at night and tunnel exit
Place's vehicle location and the function of fixation time.
5. speed(-)limit sign position determination method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, the concrete steps of described step 2-4
For:
(1) find out at tunnel portal on daytime respectively, at daytime tunnel exit, at night tunnel portal and at night tunnel exit
Highs and lows in fixation time change curve, to obtain to enter apart from tunnel when daytime driving person notices tunnel portal
Length L of moutha, daytime driving person's length L of distance tunnel exit when noticing tunnel exitb, nighttime driving person notice tunnel
Length L of distance tunnel portal during road entrancecAnd nighttime driving person's length of distance tunnel exit when noticing tunnel exit
Ld；
(2) L is comparedaWith Lc, take LaWith LcIn maximum be driver's length of distance tunnel portal when noticing tunnel portal
Degree L1；Relatively LbWith Ld, take LbWith LdIn maximum be driver's length of distance tunnel exit when noticing tunnel exit
L2。
6. speed(-)limit sign position determination method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, concretely comprising the following steps of described (1):
Utilize the function drawn in step 2-3, find out at tunnel portal on daytime respectively, at daytime tunnel exit, tunnel at night
Highs and lows in four change curves of fixation time at porch and night tunnel exit, by daytime tunnel portal
Minimum point in the fixation time change curve vehicle location y corresponding with peak is poor, is La；Ask by identical method
Go out Lb、LcAnd Ld。
7. speed(-)limit sign position determination method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, concretely comprising the following steps of described step 3:
Step 3-1: base area magnetic inductive equipment records vehicle location y, obtains Vehicle Speed according to speed instrument, asks
Go out vehicle average acceleration in running total time T
In formula, a (ti) it is tiThe acceleration in moment；
Step 3-2: according to step 3-1, and response time t when considering car braking, determine that vehicle vehicle deceleration is to limiting
Speed required separation distance Z:
In formula: ViRunning velocity for current region section；Vi+1Speed is limited for speed(-)limit sign.
8. speed(-)limit sign position determination method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, concretely comprising the following steps of described step 4:
Distance L of distance tunnel portal when driver is noticed tunnel portal1With vehicle deceleration to limiting speed required separation distance Z
Summation, draws tunnel portal speed(-)limit sign position M1；Distance L of distance tunnel exit when driver is noticed tunnel exit2With
Vehicle deceleration, to limiting speed required separation distance Z summation, draws tunnel exit speed(-)limit sign position M2。
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| CN107958601A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-04-24 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of fatigue driving detecting system and method |
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| CN102376179A (en) * | 2010-08-26 | 2012-03-14 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | Device for analyzing driver expectations and road condition coordination degrees |
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| CN103886307A (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-06-25 | 王东强 | Sight tracking and fatigue early warning method |
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