CN105867393A - Intelligent trolley system - Google Patents
Intelligent trolley system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105867393A CN105867393A CN201610484767.5A CN201610484767A CN105867393A CN 105867393 A CN105867393 A CN 105867393A CN 201610484767 A CN201610484767 A CN 201610484767A CN 105867393 A CN105867393 A CN 105867393A
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- chip microcomputer
- intelligent car
- car systems
- tracking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0231—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0231—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means
- G05D1/0242—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means using non-visible light signals, e.g. IR or UV signals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0255—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using acoustic signals, e.g. ultra-sonic singals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
- G05D1/08—Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw
- G05D1/0891—Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw specially adapted for land vehicles
Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent trolley system which comprises a sensor detection portion, a power source portion, an execution portion, a working state display portion and a CPU (central processing unit) in sequential connection. The sensor detection portion is a tracking sensor, the CPU is a single chip microcomputer, the power source portion is a power source module, the working state display portion is a display module, the execution portion is a driving module, the tracking sensor is connected with the single chip microcomputer through an LM339 comparator circuit, the power source module is connected with the single chip microcomputer, the display module is connected between the single chip microcomputer and the driving module, and the driving module is connected to a direct-current motor. An automatic obstacle-avoiding function of a robot is realized, functions of tracking and the like can be expanded, guide lines and obstacles can be sensed, and automatic route recognition, selection of right advancing routes and automatic avoiding when the obstacles are detected of a trolley can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of intelligent control technology, be specifically related to a kind of intelligent car systems.
Background technology
Intelligent carriage, namely wheeled robot, mainly have the functions such as password identification and phonetic synthesis, robot self-localization, dynamic random avoidance, multi-sensor information fusion, real-time adaptive Navigation Control.Intelligent carriage develops quickly now, has concrete result from intelligent toy to other every profession and trade.Its substantially can realize tracking, avoidance, detection paster, seek light warehouse-in, keep away the basic functions such as precipice, this electronic designing competition intelligent carriage in several years again to voice activated control develop.The most famous Freescale intelligent carriage is on the forefront especially.2011-2012 world Research on Intelligent Robots achieves new development.The U.S. develop injured after can be from the robot of Row sum-equal matrix, Britain designs the robot furniture eating fly mouse, and France develops " children robot ", and super robot is developed in Europe, can predict mankind's intention etc..
These are all closely bound up with our life, and it is the most convenient to bring to our life.The most heavier research regarding intelligent robot of China, national " 863 " intelligent robot expert group using the research of intelligent robot as the emphasis of Future Development.The research-and-development activity of intelligent robot is all being set about by many universities and colleges and scientific research institution, Ji Suo colleges and universities have carried out the research of this respect and have achieved certain achievement in succession, AGV dolly such as Shenyang Institute of Automation, the shopping guide robot of Shanghai University and the guide robot of Harbin Institute of Technology's institute, the THMR series mini locomotive that Tsing-Hua University's intellectual technology is developed with system National Key Laboratory, whole system includes video camera, magnetic compass, differential GPS, the mobile units such as electronic chart, it is ensured that locomotive control system is capable of autonomous driving and drives with auxiliary.In addition, also successively in " robot soccer game " " robot lifting contest ", these have in artificial intelligence's contest of international standard the achievement obtaining excellence in numerous colleges and universities headed by Harbin Institute of Technology, but existing intelligent carriage is in tracking and avoidance two functionally and the most perfect, is not reaching to expected effect.
It is thus desirable to provide a kind of intelligent car systems is to realize tracking and two functions of avoidance.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of intelligent car systems, achieve the automatic obstacle avoidance functions of robot, the functions such as tracking can also be extended, perception guide wire and barrier, dolly can be realized and automatically identify route, select correct course, and barrier automatic dodging detected.
A kind of intelligent car systems, described control system includes getting sensor detecting portion, power pack, executable portion, duty display part and CPU successively continuously.
Preferably, described sensor detecting portion is tracking sensor, described CPU is single-chip microcomputer, described power pack is power module, and described duty display part is divided into display module, and described executable portion is for driving module, described tracking sensor is connected with described single-chip microcomputer by LM339 comparator circuit, described power module is connected with described single-chip microcomputer, and described display module is connected between described single-chip microcomputer and described driving module, and described driving module is connected to direct current generator.
Preferably, described control system also includes that avoidance module, described avoidance module are connected to described single-chip microcomputer by LM358.
Preferably, described control system also includes peripheral supplementary module.
Preferably, described avoidance module includes route information Acquisition Circuit, amplifying circuit and single chip machine controlling circuit.
Preferably, described power module provides stable 5V power supply for LM2940 voltage stabilizing chip.
Preferably, described tracking module includes that light emitting diode adds any one in photoconductive resistance, pulse modulated reflective infrared emission receptor or ccd sensor.
Preferably, described avoidance module includes any one in infrared tube, ultrasonic wave module or photoswitch.
Preferably, ultrasonic wave module includes ultrasonic transmitter, receptor and control circuit.
Technical scheme has the advantages that
A kind of intelligent car systems that the present invention provides, it is achieved that the automatic obstacle avoidance functions of robot, it is also possible to the functions such as extension tracking, perception guide wire and barrier, dolly can be realized and automatically identify route, select correct course, and barrier automatic dodging detected.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below by drawings and Examples, technical scheme is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the system architecture diagram of a kind of intelligent car systems of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to have a clear understanding of technical scheme, its detailed structure be will be set forth in the description that follows.Obviously, the concrete also deficiency of implementing of the embodiment of the present invention is limited to the specific details that those skilled in the art is familiar with.The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail as follows, in addition to these embodiments described in detail, it is also possible to have other embodiments.
With embodiment, the present invention is described in further details below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Dolly in the present embodiment uses the high-power tank hull of RP5, it uses big torsion 280 motor of band inductance, combination helical teeth+metal-toothed, forms big torsion, low noise chassis system, have that power performance is strong, chassis stability high, can original place turn-take, the feature such as flexibly of turning.Load capacity at least more than 3KG.The occasion than high requirement can be suitable for obstacle-overpass thing.Therefore can some environment of the occasion such as analog family and industry.
Cart system structured flowchart is as shown in Figure 1, it can be divided into four big ingredients: sensor detecting portion, executable portion, duty display part, CPU, described sensor detecting portion is tracking sensor, described CPU is single-chip microcomputer, described power pack is power module, described duty display part is divided into display module, described executable portion is for driving module, described tracking sensor is connected with described single-chip microcomputer by LM339 comparator circuit, described power module is connected with described single-chip microcomputer, described display module is connected between described single-chip microcomputer and described driving module, described driving module is connected to direct current generator.
Robot automatic obstacle avoidance functions to be realized, it is also possible to the functions such as extension tracking, perception guide wire and barrier.Dolly can be realized and automatically identify route, select correct course, and barrier automatic dodging detected.Based on above-mentioned requirements, sensing detection part typically need not perception image clearly in view of dolly, only requires rough perception, it is possible to gives up the ccd sensor of costliness and considers to use cheap and good-quality reflected infrared sensors to serve as.The executable portion of intelligent carriage, is served as by direct current generator, the direct of travel of major control dolly and speed.Micro Controller Unit (MCU) driving direct current generator typically has a two schemes: first, does not need to take mcu resource, directly selects the single-chip microcomputer of PWM function, so can realize accurate speed governing；Second, can be needed to take mcu resource, it is difficult to accurately speed governing by software simulation PWM output modulation, but the choice of single-chip microcomputer model be bigger.In view of practical situation, select first scheme herein.CPU uses Mega16 single-chip microcomputer, coordinates software programming to realize.
System, with Mega16 single-chip microcomputer as core, coordinates peripheral circuit jointly to complete signals collecting, route detection, obstacle detection, key-press input, signal show and the function such as dolly gesture stability.Tracking use single-chip microcomputer to inquire about signal that pulse modulated reflective infrared emission receptor returns is to obtain road information, and avoidance then has interruption and inquiring about to work in coordination with, and by diode displaying complaint message and trolley travelling state.System uses high performance single-chip microcomputer, it is desirable to working stability, processing speed are fast, highly versatile, it is ensured that the stability of dolly tracking avoidance and reliability, and low cost.
CPU is the core of dolly, mainly complete the management to peripheral modules, realize the signal to peripheral module to send, and the signals collecting to sensor assembly, and according to software algorithm, the signal gathered is processed, send a signal to perform module and carry out tasks carrying, also various accidents be monitored and process, it is ensured that the normal operation of whole system.Here AtmelMega16 single-chip microcomputer is used, this single-chip microcomputer is 8 AVR single chip of high-performance, low-voltage, include the In-System Programmable Flash and the EEPROM of 512 bytes of 16K byte, two are additionally had to have independent pre-divider and the 8 bit timing devices/enumerator of comparator function and a 16 bit timing devices/enumerator with pre-divider, comparing function and capture function, 32 programmable I/O mouths.
Dolly tracking avoidance part is the information that can gather surrounding barrier, and is back to single-chip microcomputer and processes, and its ingredient includes: route information Acquisition Circuit, amplifying circuit, single chip machine controlling circuit.Route Acquisition Circuit is typically made up of pulse modulated reflective infrared emission receptor and signal amplifier, pulse modulated reflective infrared emission receptor is different to the degree of reflection of light according to different colours, route information is delivered to amplifier, amplifier can simply can filter as comparator, and amplifier sends into single-chip microcomputer after the signal returned from pulse modulated reflective infrared emission receptor is converted into the discernible level signal of single-chip microcomputer.Mega16 single-chip microcomputer can judge the information of route according to the information received, it is achieved the control to left and right sides direct current generator duty, to realize left and right turn, finally realizes tracking function.
Avoidance part then has ultrasonic wave module and the pulse modulated reflective infrared emission receptor of two-way.Ultrasound wave can realize range finding, and the signal intensity utilizing ultrasound wave to return makes single-chip microcomputer produce interruption, it is achieved the judgement of obstacle, can move on when distance is greatly with certain value, and when distance certain value of light rain, then single-chip microcomputer processes, it is achieved avoidance.
LM2940 is the low voltage difference three terminal regulator that output voltage is fixing, uses 6 joint dry cell power supplies, and the 9V electricity voltage stabilizing provided by aneroid battery by LM2940 voltage stabilizing chip to 5V is Mega16 single-chip microcomputer and other circuit is powered.LM2940 maximum input voltage is 26V, and output voltage is 5V, and maximum output current is 1A, and when output electric current is 1A, minimum input and output voltage difference is less than 0.8V.Operating temperature-40～+125 DEG C, include quiescent current and reduce circuit, electric current restriction, overcurrent protection, battery reversal connection and anti-plug and enter protection circuit.LM2940 working stability is higher than 7805 conversion efficiencies；Therefore this cart system selects the 5V power supply that the offer of LM2940 voltage stabilizing chip is stable.
Trolley is RP5-CH02 toy tank chassis, for differential type creeper truck, owing to it is high-power, use the big torsion 260 type motor of band inductance, form big torsion, low noise chassis system, there is power performance strong, be therefore also required to big electric current high-power driving module.The motor of the left and right sides is driven by motor drive ic L298N respectively.L298N is a kind of high-voltage large current full-bridge type driver including two H bridges, receives standard TTL logic level signal, can drive the motor of 46V, below 2A, can independently drive two direct current generators.The signal input part of L298N and Enable Pin receive the signal from single-chip microcomputer, control break-make and the forward and backward of motor, it is also possible to by adjusting motor speed (PWM mode) to the square-wave signal of Enable Pin input different duty.The maximum drive current of L298N is 1A.
The sensor that can realize tracking barrier avoiding function is varied, as tracking can select light emitting diode+photoconductive resistance, pulse modulated reflective infrared emission receptor, ccd sensor etc.；Avoidance is the most optional infrared tube, ultrasonic wave module, photoswitch etc..
The sensor that can realize tracking barrier avoiding function is varied, as tracking can select light emitting diode+photoconductive resistance, pulse modulated reflective infrared emission receptor, ccd sensor etc.；Avoidance is the most optional infrared tube, ultrasonic wave module, photoswitch etc..
The tracking of dolly mainly follows black line and advances, the scheme that can take is as follows: scheme 1: use light emitting diode to add photoconductive resistance, program shortcoming: be vulnerable to the interference of external light source, the most even can't detect black line, be primarily due to the reflecting effect planarization with earth's surface of visible ray, Detection results is all had a direct impact by the reflection case of earth's surface material.The method overcoming this shortcoming: use the light emitting diode of super brightness can reduce certain interference, but this can increase again the power consumption of detecting system；Scheme 2: pulse modulated reflective infrared emission receptor.Owing to using the modulated signal with AC compounent, then the interference in the external world can be greatly reduced；In addition the operating current of infrared emission reception pipe depends on average current, if using the modulated signal that dutycycle is little, in the case of average current is constant, transient current very big (50～100mA) (the maximum input current that ST-188 allows is 50mA), then substantially increase signal to noise ratio.This kind of testing scheme response speed is about at 5us；Scheme 3: use ccd sensor, although this kind of method road pavement information can carry out the most complete reaction, but there is information processing completely in it, the shortcomings such as poor real, therefore according to ccd sensor, the processing load of single-chip microcomputer can be increased the weight of undoubtedly, be unfavorable for realizing more preferable control strategy；Wherein, pulse modulated reflective infrared emission receiver operation is stable, and low price can alleviate again the burden of single-chip microcomputer.
Avoidance then can be selected for ultrasonic wave module and pulse modulated reflective infrared emission receptor collaborative work.Owing to the gradient of object being measured be there are certain requirements by ultrasonic reflections sound wave, and infrared tube is to limited light system, therefore, both synergism, meanwhile, the infrared tube of both sides also can realize the detection to left and right sides barrier so that dolly is more accurate to the detection of barrier.I.e. sound wave is by the distance of range finding disturbance in judgement thing the situation that judged left front right front obstacle by the infrared emission receptor of the left and right sides, and the direct of travel of control dolly realizes avoidance.
The operation principle of dolly tracking avoidance sensor: tracking module has three tunnel infrared detection module, all use infrared emitting and receive the discrete component composition probes such as pipe, reflected infrared sensors owing to being used belongs to proximity sensor again, its photodiode photogenerated current is consecutive variations with the suffered intensity reflecting light, thus can cause the consecutive variations of its both end voltage.Therefore, if directly this level signal being supplied single-chip microcomputer, easily producing and misreading situation, therefore use LM339 or LM358 comparator (addition hysteresis circuitry), prevent critical output jitter from constituting as core devices, controlling circuit.When being black when there being route, then it is 1 that corresponding reception pipe returns to the signal of single-chip microcomputer；During for white or ground, then the signal that single-chip microcomputer corresponding port receives is 0.Producing a reference level with potentiometer, when the photogenerated current of photodiode exceedes a certain value, the positive input level of amplifier is higher than reference level, at this moment the output level generation saltus step of amplifier, and this signal can be processed by single-chip microcomputer.By the adjustment to reference level, it is also possible to adjust the sensitivity of sensor and detection range, receive the power of signal and the sensitivity of detection changing single-chip microcomputer.Three road probe collaborative works, are determined the direction of route, are changed the running status of two direct current generators by single-chip microcomputer, adjust the attitude of dolly, to complete to complete with guide wire the task of tracking according to the difference of three road probe return values.
Avoidance module application sound wave and pulse modulated reflective infrared emission receptor collaborative work.Wherein, ultrasonic wave module includes ultrasonic transmitter, receptor and control circuit.
Reflected infrared sensors is made up of 1 infrared transmitting tube (emitter) and 1 photodiode (receptor).The infrared light that infrared transmitting tube sends is folded back after running into the stronger object of reflective (surface is white or near-white), is received by photodiode, causes the increase of photodiode photogenerated current.This change is processed through LM339 or LM358 comparator and i.e. can be changed into voltage signal, it is possible to accepted by processor and process, and then realizing the identification of the two kind colors (such as black-and-white two color) bigger to reflective difference.Its safe operating voltage range is between 3 volts to 6 volts；US-020 ultrasonic distance measuring module can provide the contactless distance sensing function of 2cm-400cm, and range accuracy may be up to 3mm.
Dolly in the present embodiment, with Mega16 single-chip microcomputer as control core, uses pulse modulated reflective infrared emission receptor to gather road information, uses ultrasound wave and reflected infrared sensors collection front and left and right to put the situation of obstacle.
First, pulse modulated reflective infrared emission receptor is to road information, i.e. to black line information, and be converted into stable level signal through LM339 comparator and deliver to Mega16 single-chip microcomputer, then in Mega16 single-chip microcomputer, signal is processed, during as being black line under intermediate sensor, owing to black is the most weak to the reflectance of light, therefore sensor returns to the signal of single-chip microcomputer is high level, i.e. 1, and both sides are white, the signal then returning to single-chip microcomputer is low level, i.e. 0, now, dolly advances.Remaining situation then dolly carries out the adjustment of running status according to the information of sensor, to realize accurately following black line traveling.
Additionally, avoidance module is then made up of the infrared sensor of middle ultrasonic wave module and the left and right sides, ultrasonic wave module require object being measured gradient, and infrared to gradient no requirement (NR) but requires light, therefore, both collaborative works, ultrasound wave realizes the judgement of obstacle by range finding, and once distance is less than certain definite value, it is that dolly turns to, consider the information of left and right sides infrared sensor, to determine the information of barrier, it is achieved the accurate avoidance of dolly simultaneously.Wherein ultrasound wave utilizes the interruption 2 of Mega16 single-chip microcomputer to dolly control, and the signal that left front right front infrared tube returns inquired about by single-chip microcomputer simultaneously, determines the controlled state that dolly should be taked.
A kind of intelligent car systems that the present invention provides, it is achieved that the automatic obstacle avoidance functions of robot, it is also possible to the functions such as extension tracking, perception guide wire and barrier, dolly can be realized and automatically identify route, select correct course, and barrier automatic dodging detected.
Finally should be noted that: above example is only in order to illustrate that technical scheme is not intended to limit; although the present invention being described in detail with reference to above-described embodiment; the detailed description of the invention of the present invention still can be modified or equivalent by those of ordinary skill in the field; these are without departing from any amendment of spirit and scope of the invention or equivalent, all within the claims that application is awaited the reply.
Claims (9)
1. an intelligent car systems, it is characterised in that described control system includes sensor detecting portion, power pack, executable portion, duty display part and the CPU being sequentially connected with.
Intelligent car systems the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sensor detecting portion is tracking sensor, described CPU is single-chip microcomputer, described power pack is power module, described duty display part is divided into display module, described executable portion is for driving module, described tracking sensor is connected with described single-chip microcomputer by LM339 comparator circuit, described power module is connected with described single-chip microcomputer, described display module is connected between described single-chip microcomputer and described driving module, and described driving module is connected to direct current generator.
Intelligent car systems the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described control system also includes that avoidance module, described avoidance module are connected to described single-chip microcomputer by LM358.
Intelligent car systems the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described control system also includes peripheral supplementary module.
Intelligent car systems the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described avoidance module includes route information Acquisition Circuit, amplifying circuit and single chip machine controlling circuit.
Intelligent car systems the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described power module provides stable 5V power supply for LM2940 voltage stabilizing chip.
Intelligent car systems the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described tracking module includes that light emitting diode adds any one in photoconductive resistance, pulse modulated reflective infrared emission receptor or ccd sensor.
Intelligent car systems the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described avoidance module includes any one in infrared tube, ultrasonic wave module or photoswitch.
Intelligent car systems the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that ultrasonic wave module includes ultrasonic transmitter, receptor and control circuit.
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| CN201610484767.5A CN105867393A (en) | 2016-06-28 | 2016-06-28 | Intelligent trolley system |
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Application publication date: 20160817 |