CN105866069B - A kind of gas componant test macro based on tunable optical fiber laser - Google Patents
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001285 laser absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009022 nonlinear effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004038 photonic crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
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- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/39—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using tunable lasers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
- H01S3/1062—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using a controlled passive interferometer, e.g. a Fabry-Perot etalon
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Abstract
The gas componant test macro based on tunable optical fiber laser that the present invention provides a kind of, including：Laser, wavelength division multiplexer, Er-doped fiber, isolator, the first coupler, the second coupler, third coupler, the 4th coupler, F-P tunable optic filter, the 5th coupler, gas chamber and spectrometer；Wherein, wavelength division multiplexer, Er-doped fiber, isolator, the first coupler, the second coupler, third coupler, the 4th coupler, the 5th coupler are in turn connected to form annular cavity-like structure, laser connects wavelength division multiplexer, 5th coupler is sequentially connected gas chamber, gas chamber connects spectrometer, the output end of first coupler and the second coupler is with respect to welding, constitute Mach-Zehnder filter structure, with respect to welding, and wherein, an arm is inserted into F-P tunable optic filter to the output end of third coupler and the 4th coupler.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber communication, in particular to a gas component testing system based on a tunable optical fiber laser.
Background
The fiber laser has the advantages of high output power, high signal-to-noise ratio, long service life and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of fiber communication, fiber sensing, spectral analysis and the like. At present, research has been carried out for many years at home and abroad aiming at the field of tunable fiber lasers, and certain research results are obtained; however, as the signal transmission capacity is enlarged, the number of channels required to be transmitted is increasing, and therefore, it is a hot spot in the field to realize a fiber laser output with stable and tunable wavelength.
At present, the research on a fiber laser with tunable wavelength has been greatly progressed, and the wavelength-tunable laser output can be realized by utilizing technical means such as M-Z filtering, a Sagnac structure, a photonic crystal fiber, a cascade fiber grating, fiber nonlinear effect and the like. In 2012, poppeak et al utilized the nonlinear polarization rotation effect to generate stable multi-wavelength output at room temperature for the fiber laser, obtaining stable laser output with wavelength interval of 0.35nm and at most 17 wavelengths, and realizing continuous tunability of output wavelength within 4 nm; in the same year, h.ahmad et al added a microscopic M-Z interferometer to a linear cavity, and further affected the wavelength of simple harmonic oscillation by changing the lengths of two interfering arms, thereby achieving the output of tunable laser of 10 wavelengths from 1496nm to 1507 nm. In 2013, Zhouyangwu et al made an all-fiber M-Z interference filter by using a hot-core-expanded fiber, and embedded the M-Z filter into a Sagnac filter to construct a novel tunable Sagnac interference filter, so that the output wavelength of a laser can be adjusted within the range of 1540.3-1581.2 nm, and the output wavelength is 18; in the same year, duyong et al have designed a novel ring cavity fiber laser using a pair of fiber bragg grating fabry-perot cavities (FBG-FP) with slightly different free spectral widths as mode selection devices, and have obtained 8 fixed stable laser outputs within the range of 1552.2-1552.9 nm; in 2015, the professor and the like design a tunable multi-wavelength thulium-doped annular optical fiber laser based on an M-Z optical fiber interference filter, utilize a Sagnac optical fiber reflector to realize reflective filtering, realize tunable multi-wavelength output in a 2 mu M waveband by adjusting a polarization controller, and observe tunable laser with 3 wavelengths. In the same year, the workers in the day have designed a tunable erbium-doped fiber laser based on the Sagnac loop and the M-Z cascade filtering, and the polarization controller is driven by a circuit to realize the overall continuous tunable of 6-wavelength laser within the range of 2.2 nm.
The gas concentration measurement is becoming more and more important in the fields of industrial process control, environmental pollution monitoring and the like. To date, various methods of gas concentration measurement have been developed, with gas concentration measurement methods based on laser absorption spectroscopy being widely used. The principle is that each gas has its own characteristic absorption spectrum, when light with absorption wavelength is irradiated on the gas, the light with the wavelength is absorbed, the optical power is reduced, and the loss of the optical power is larger when the gas concentration is larger. The gas with different absorption spectra can be measured by using the multi-wavelength fiber laser, and the concentration of the gas to be measured can be easily measured by correlating with the known concentration of the reference gas pool. The method can eliminate the influence of unstable light source and interference gas. And the system with only the M-Z structure is easily influenced by the external environment, so that the polarization state is changed, and the output wavelength is jumped. When two interference arms of the M-Z structure are greatly influenced by the outside, the output wavelength is greatly changed, and the stable tunable output of laser is difficult to realize.
Therefore, it is desirable to design a gas composition testing system capable of stably measuring the composition of a gas cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gas component testing system based on a tunable fiber laser, which comprises: the device comprises a laser, a wavelength division multiplexer, an erbium-doped fiber, an isolator, a first coupler, a second coupler, a third coupler, a fourth coupler, an F-P tunable filter, a fifth coupler, an air chamber and a spectrometer;
the wavelength division multiplexer, the erbium-doped optical fiber, the isolator, the first coupler, the second coupler, the third coupler, the fourth coupler and the fifth coupler are sequentially connected to form a circular cavity structure, the laser is connected with the wavelength division multiplexer, the fifth coupler is sequentially connected with the air chamber, the air chamber is connected with the spectrometer, the output ends of the first coupler and the second coupler are relatively welded to form a Mach-Zehnder filtering structure, the output ends of the third coupler and the fourth coupler are relatively welded to insert the F-P tunable filter into one arm of the third coupler and the fourth coupler.
Preferably, the laser is selected from a semiconductor laser with a central wavelength of 976nm for pumping, the working threshold current of the laser is 26mA, and a gain fiber with the length of 5m is used as a gain medium.
Preferably, the fifth coupler adopts a coupler with a splitting ratio of 10:90, and 10% of an output port of the fifth coupler is fused with the spectrometer.
Preferably, the resolution of the spectrometer is 0.05 nm.
Preferably, the third coupler and the fourth coupler adopt a splitting ratio of 30: 70 of the plurality of optical couplers are provided,
preferably, one arm of 70% output of the third coupler and the fourth coupler is inserted into the F-P tunable filter.
Preferably, the tuning range of the F-P tunable filter is 1535-1565 nm, and the resolution is 0.05 nm.
Preferably, the first and second couplers are 3dB couplers.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
Drawings
Further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments of the invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tunable fiber laser based gas composition testing system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an M-Z filter structure;
FIG. 3 is a transmission spectrum of an M-Z filter structure. Wherein FIG. 3(a) is a transmission spectrum in the wavelength range of 1500-1600 nm; FIG. 3(b) is a transmission spectrum in the wavelength range of 1540 to 1560 nm.
FIG. 4(a) is a diagram showing the oscillation spectrum measured by the fiber laser without the F-P filter structure.
Fig. 4(b) is a plot of the continuously tunable single wavelength laser output measured by the spectrometer after the F-P filter is inserted into the fiber laser system.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the laser spectrum at a single output wavelength of 1556.10 nm.
FIG. 6(a) is a graph showing the amount of drift of 1549.90nm wavelength and power over time.
FIG. 6(b) is a graph showing the amount of drift of 1556.47nm wavelength and power over time.
FIG. 6(c) a graph of the amount of drift of 1565.10nm wavelength and power over time.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas composition testing system based on a tunable fiber laser according to the present invention. The structure of the tunable fiber laser-based gas composition testing system 100 of the present invention is shown in fig. 1, and includes: a Laser (LD)101, a Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM)102, an Erbium Doped Fiber (EDF)103, an Isolator (ISO)104, a first Coupler (Coupler)105, a second Coupler 106, a third Coupler 107, a fourth Coupler 108, an F-P (Fabry-Perot) tunable filter 109, a fifth Coupler 110, a gas cell 111 and a spectrometer 112. The laser 101 is preferably pumped by a semiconductor laser with a central wavelength of 976nm, and a gain fiber with an operating threshold current of 26mA and a length of 5m is used as a gain medium. The wavelength division multiplexer 102, the erbium-doped fiber 103, the isolator 104, the first coupler 105, the second coupler 106, the third coupler 107, the fourth coupler 108 and the fifth coupler 110 are sequentially connected to form a ring cavity structure, the laser 101 is connected with the wavelength division multiplexer 102, and pump light emitted by the laser 101 enters the tunable fiber laser through the wavelength division multiplexer 102. The fifth coupler 110 is connected to the gas cell 111, the output light emitted from the fifth coupler enters the gas cell 111, and the spectrometer 112 is connected to the rear of the gas cell 111 to detect the components in the gas cell 111.
The device is used for spectrum detection and collection of gas to be detected. Preferably, the fifth coupler 110 is a coupler with a splitting ratio of 10:90, and 10% of its output port is fused to the spectrometer 112. Preferably, the resolution of the spectrometer 112 is 0.05 nm.
The pump light is coupled into the erbium-doped fiber 103 by the wavelength division multiplexer 102, the excited radiation light oscillates in the ring cavity, and enters the M-Z filtering structure for filtering after passing through the optical isolator 104.
The output ends of the third coupler 107 and the fourth coupler 108 are oppositely welded, and an F-P tunable filter 109 is inserted into one arm of the third coupler and the fourth coupler, so that the tunable output of the wavelength is realized. Preferably, the third coupler 107 and the fourth coupler 108 use a splitting ratio of 30: 70, wherein one arm of 70% output of the third coupler 107 and the fourth coupler 108 is inserted with an F-P filter, can realize single wavelength laser tuning output by adjusting F-P. Preferably, the tuning range of the F-P tunable filter is 1535-1565 nm, and the resolution is 0.05 nm.
The first coupler 105 and the second coupler 106 constitute an M-Z filter structure, and as shown in fig. 2, it is preferable that the M-Z filter structure 200 is constituted by fusing two output ports of two 3dB couplers.Power of P0The continuous light beam is incident from the incident port, propagates through the first coupler 105 in clockwise and counterclockwise directions, generates phase shift after one round trip, and then enters the second coupler 106 for coherent combination, and the dependence of the two light beams includes all phase shifts introduced by the whole system. With the transmission matrix of the coupler, the optical field amplitudes transmitted clockwise and counterclockwise are then:
where ρ is cos2(klc) To a coupling ratio ofcIs the coupling length. The optical field entering the second coupler is then:
in the formula, L1，L2respectively the length of the two arms of the M-Z filter structure, β1，β2Is the transmission constant of both arms. Both linear and non-linear phase shifts are considered here. Transmission matrix with second coupler:
the light field of the output port of the M-Z filter structure can be obtained, and the transmissivity of the output port of the M-Z filter structure is as follows:
in the formula, the linear phase shift and the nonlinear phase shift are respectively:
for a symmetrical M-Z filtering structure consisting of two 3dB couplers, there areThe transmittance at this time was:
wherein,beta 2 pi/lambda due to linear phase shiftAnd frequency, so the transmission depends on the incident light wavelength, so the relationship of the wavelength interval of the output to the arm length difference can be written as:
Δλ＝λ2/nΔL
(8)
where n is the effective refractive index and λ is the wavelength of the propagating light.
It can be seen that the wavelength interval of the output of the M-Z filter structure is inversely proportional to the arm length difference, and Δ λ directly determines the interval of the output tunable wavelengths, so the arm length difference has a significant influence on the output.
First, the transmission spectrum of the M-Z interferometer was measured as shown in FIG. 3. Fig. 3(a) shows that a stable and distinct interference pattern is obtained at a pump power of the LD of 60mW, covering the ASE spectrum of the entire erbium doped fiber, and it can be seen from fig. 3(b) that the wavelength interval Δ λ is about 1.67nm at 1550 nm. When the transmission wavelength λ is 1550nm and the effective refractive index n is 1.45, the arm length difference of about 1mm can be obtained by using the formula (8).
If the spectrum during self-oscillation is measured by connecting the M-Z filter to the 10/90 coupler, as shown in FIG. 4(a), FIG. 4(a) shows the oscillation spectrum measured by the fiber laser without the F-P filter structure. The threshold value of the laser is about 32mW, and a mode hopping phenomenon occurs near 1561nm, because only an M-Z structure is adopted, the system is easily influenced by the external environment, the polarization state is changed, and the output wavelength is hopped. In the experimental process, when the two interference arms are greatly influenced by the outside, the output wavelength is greatly changed, and the stable tunable output of the laser is difficult to realize.
After the F-P filter is inserted into the system, the M-Z structure is fixed in position to minimize its environmental impact. When the pump light power is 60mW, 11 stable output tunable wavelengths within 1547-1568 nm are obtained, the leftmost end is 1548.24nm, the rightmost end is 1565.10nm, and each tuning distance is about 1.7 nm. The respective spectra were measured by a spectrometer as shown in FIG. 4 (b). Theoretically, wavelength output can be obtained at two sides, but the left side is limited to the filtering range of the F-P filter, and when the left side is shifted to the left, self-excited oscillation light is generated near 1561 nm; right-hand side it can be seen from fig. 3(a) that 1561nm is just at the falling edge, the power is relatively low, and 1565nm is the tuning limit of the F-P filter and thus it is difficult to form a single longitudinal mode laser output. The spectrum of a single wavelength has a reduced intensity of the M-Z interference, i.e., an improved side mode suppression ratio, as compared to fig. 4 (a). The side mode suppression ratio of each wavelength obtained in the experiment is larger than 55 dB. The side mode suppression ratios of the other 10 modes except for the laser of 1548.2nm are all larger than 60 dB. FIG. 5 shows the laser spectrum at 1556.10nm, and it can be seen that the 3dB linewidth is about 0.037nm, which is less than 0.1 nm.
Since the jump-mode is easy to occur by adopting the M-Z filtering structure, the stability of the wavelength and the power of the system is very important. As shown in fig. 6, fig. 6 is a graph showing the drift amount of each wavelength and power with time. The two ends and the middle are respectively selected to have wavelengths of 1549.90nm, 1556.47nm and 1565.10nm, and as shown in fig. 6(a), 6(b) and 6(c), the output wavelength and the power stability are respectively detected within 30 minutes per minute. As can be seen from the figure, the maximum amount of wavelength drift is 0.06 nm. The 1549.90nm wavelength drift amount is 60pm, and the power drift amount is 0.524 dBm; the 1556.47nm wavelength drift amount is 70pm, and the power drift amount is 0.358 dBm; the 1565.10nm wavelength drift was 80pm and the power drift was 0.354 dBm. Light of each wavelength has good stability.
According to the gas component testing system based on the tunable fiber laser, the tunable laser output from 1547nm to 1568nm can be realized by adjusting the F-P filter when the pumping power is 60mW, 11 wavelengths are output in the range of 21nm, the wavelength interval is about 1.7nm, the line width of each wavelength is less than 0.1nm, the side mode suppression ratio is greater than 55dB, the laser output is stable, the jump of the output wavelength caused by an M-Z structure is eliminated, and the gas chamber component testing system is favorable for gas chamber component determination.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
Claims (4)
1. A tunable fiber laser based gas composition testing system, comprising: the device comprises a laser, a wavelength division multiplexer, an erbium-doped fiber, an isolator, a first coupler, a second coupler, a third coupler, a fourth coupler, an F-P tunable filter, a fifth coupler, an air chamber and a spectrometer;
wherein, the wavelength division multiplexer, the erbium-doped fiber, the isolator, the first coupler, the second coupler, the third coupler, the fourth coupler and the fifth coupler are sequentially connected to form a ring-shaped cavity structure, the laser is connected with the wavelength division multiplexer, the fifth coupler is sequentially connected with the gas chamber, the gas chamber is connected with the spectrometer,
the output ends of the first coupler and the second coupler are oppositely welded to form a Mach-Zehnder filtering structure, wherein the output wavelength interval of the Mach-Zehnder filtering structure is inversely proportional to the arm length difference;
the output ends of the third coupler and the fourth coupler are oppositely welded, wherein the third coupler and the fourth coupler adopt a splitting ratio of 30: 70, wherein one arm of 70% output of the third coupler and the fourth coupler is inserted with an F-P filter, and single-wavelength laser tuning output is realized by adjusting F-P; wherein the tuning range of the F-P tunable filter is 1535-1565 nm, and the resolution is 0.05 nm;
the fifth coupler adopts a coupler with a splitting ratio of 10:90, and 10% of an output port of the fifth coupler is welded with the spectrometer.
2. The gas composition testing system of claim 1, wherein said laser is pumped by a semiconductor laser having a center wavelength of 976nm, an operating threshold current of 26mA, and a gain fiber having a length of 5m as a gain medium.
3. The gas composition testing system of claim 1, wherein the spectrometer has a resolution of 0.05 nm.
4. The gas composition testing system of claim 1, wherein the first and second couplers are 3dB couplers.
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| CN106654828B (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2019-02-05 | 绍兴文理学院 | Short-pulse laser and product composition analysis method for product composition analysis |
| CN106950194B (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-06-12 | 哈尔滨翰奥科技有限公司 | Gas sensor and the method for detecting concentration of SO 2 gas variation |
| CN110212398A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-09-06 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of single frequency optical fiber laser of the wide tunable based on multimode interference effect |
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