CN105860380A - Flexible granular dynamic sealing filler - Google Patents
Flexible granular dynamic sealing filler Download PDFInfo
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- CN105860380A CN105860380A CN201610209825.3A CN201610209825A CN105860380A CN 105860380 A CN105860380 A CN 105860380A CN 201610209825 A CN201610209825 A CN 201610209825A CN 105860380 A CN105860380 A CN 105860380A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/18—Homopolymers or copolymers or tetrafluoroethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/10—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K3/1006—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers characterised by the chemical nature of one of its constituents
- C09K3/1009—Fluorinated polymers, e.g. PTFE
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/10—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K3/1025—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers characterised by non-chemical features of one or more of its constituents
- C09K3/1028—Fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/08—Stabilised against heat, light or radiation or oxydation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
- C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
- C08L2205/16—Fibres; Fibrils
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flexible granular dynamic sealing filler which is characterized by being composed of two components, wherein the first component comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of polymer reinforced fiber, 90-200 parts of PTFE dispersion polytetrafluoroethylene resin concentrated emulsion and 60-80 parts of PTFE dispersion polytetrafluoroethylene resin micro-powder; the second component comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 40-80 parts of lubricating oil, 16-36 parts of TPE sizing material, 9-30 parts of plasticizer and 15-35 parts of nano clay composite self-repairing gel. The flexible granular filler finished product is prepared by the following steps: mixing the two components according to the weight part ratio; putting in constant-temperature drying equipment at 180-200 DEG C; and baking for 2-3 hours. Compared with the prior art, the product disclosed by the invention has the following characteristics: the flexible granular dynamic sealing filler is a flexible granular solid in a non-working state, the handfeel is lubricant with viscosity, the extension plasticity is obtained, the waste can be recycled, and a self-repairing function is realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to dynamic sealing material field, be specifically related to a kind of be applicable to have the water pump of stuffing box structure, mixer, filter press, reductor,
Rotary shaft in the plant equipment such as oil pumper, drying equipment or the airtight and watertight padding of bar.
Technical background
Dynamic sealing material typically requires have good physical property and mechanical performance, high temperature resistant, soda acid, burn into are wear-resisting, lubricity, sealing
Reliably, cycle in service life length, install and safeguard the features such as simple.Especially have the water pump of filler box sealing structure, mixer, compressor,
Numerous plant equipment such as drying machine, reductor, filter press, deashing device, oil pumper use packing, plasticity nano packing, muddy packing time,
Because using environment and the reason of operating mode, occurring in that and corrode in various degree, run, drip, leak, axle sleeve serious wear, sealing property are undesirable, solve
Control run, drip, leak of determining are relatively difficult, and power consumption is high, maintenance difficulty, and maintenance replacing frequently and is time-consumingly taken a lot of work, product type is many, and quantity in stock is big
Problem annoyings production and application enterprise always.Not only exhaust a lot of electricity, waste the source of a lot of water.
When using packing filling and plasticity nano packing, install again after shearing after the good size of requirement every time and waste time and energy, the most also can cause
Waste of material and environmental pollution.In some special work condition environments and equipment, selecting the encapsulant being suitable for critically important, therefore everybody is actively
Find more suitably filler to solve.
According to existing patent CN102516937A discloses the molten superplastic nano compounded mix of a kind of suction, by mixing formula, stirring gradation, dry
Mold and cut out bar press strip to prepare, it is characterized in that: in its formula, the weight/mass percentage composition of each component is: 68%-72% mixed material, 18%-22% dimethyl
Silicone oil, 10% chloroform, 50%-65% ptfe micropowder, 30%-48% talcum powder and 2%-5% graphite composition.These properties of product, media leaks
Amount≤15 droplets/minute, resistance to compression 2Mpa, use temperature 120 DEG C, coefficient of friction 0.303, economize on electricity 2.6%-5.2%, a left side in 6-12 month service life
The right side, applying working condition and equipment are clarified water pump, valve, sludge pump.
This patent is open employs dimethyl-silicon oil ingredient, has the disadvantage that, surface tension is little, and gas solubility is relatively big, and thermal coefficient of expansion is relatively big,
Lubricity is not good enough.Disclosure employs chloroform component, highly volatile, has special odor, poisonous carcinogenic.
According to disclosing a kind of pump flexible gasket in existing patent 103351488A and manufacture method is commonly called as muddy packing, described flexibility is close
Packing material is by 4%-6% graphite and molybdenum bisuphide mixing group material, 32-38%PTEE fiber, 15%-20%kelvar fiber, 28%-32% lubricant, 8%-12%
Natural rubber, 2%-4% calcium carbonate form.By by graphite and molybdenum bisuphide mixing group material, PTEE fiber, kelvar fiber, natural rubber and carbon
Acid calcium is pulverized in pulverizer, is positioned in heated at constant temperature container by the mixed-powder obtained, and uses mixing plant stirring, adds lubricant and continues to stir
Mixing, vessel temp is maintained between 90-180 degree, until completing to stir into pureed product.
Product property；This filler has good electrical insulating property and chemical resistance, and plasticity is strong.Having prominent pull resistance wear-resisting, anticracking is antirust
Property and high rebound performance.
This patent is open employs natural rubber components, has the disadvantage that, not weatherability, not oil resistant, be weak to highly basic have during processing
Special odor is poisonous carcinogenic.
According to the soft sealed packing disclosing a kind of Reshapable in existing patent CN1374360A, it is characterised in that it includes: 2-10% neoprene,
50-84% ptfe emulsion, 3-20% silk floss and polymer fiber, 0.5-5% reinforcer, 10-20% lubricating oil, 0.5-3% plasticizer, 0-24%
Graphite forms.By adding lubricating oil, mixing in silk floss and polymer fiber, then pour ptfe emulsion into, soak 20-60 minute, simultaneously
It is being stirred, is adding neoprene, plasticizer, reinforcer and optional graphite, mix, entering 100-200 degree baking box 5-10
Individual hour, take out after cooling, air-dry, enter back into 200-300 degree baking box 5-10 hour, air-dry, be shaped to required form.
This patent is open employs reinforcer one or more component of mixture in glass fibre, silica and titanium dioxide.
Polymer fiber is selected from polypropylene, acrylic, terylene, polyamide and polyester fiber component.
Neoprene component, has the disadvantage that, not weatherability, not oil resistant, is weak to highly basic, has special odor poisonous carcinogenic, no during processing
Environmental protection.
Plasticizer be selected in the own fat of phthalic acid methoxyl group, diisooctyl isophthalate, adipic acid dibutyl ester, SA dibutyl ester, diisooctyl maleate,
Itaconic acid dibutyl ester component, has special odor poisonous carcinogenic, not environmentally during processing.
Lubricating oil is selected from N46 hydraulic oil, 20# gear oil component, and through test heatproof less than 80 degree, heatproof is low, and greasy property is poor.
The filler prepared as stated above is material flexible, without solid form, and good seal performance (water-tight) is durable, wear-resistant, does not damage axle sleeve,
Not being water-cooled, Reshapable is reused.
Embodiment 4
Use butter asbestos packing, graphite packing and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) packing and embodiments of the invention 1 airtight and watertight padding at the 75KW of same size respectively
Test on double suction horizontal pump.Experiment condition: medium is: water, temperature: normal temperature, pressure: 5Mpa, linear velocity 11m/s, sealing surface length:
100mm.The operation time reaches more than 500 hours, and the pump of result butter asbestos packing, graphite packing and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) packing is little in operation 200
Shi Yihou leakage rate is all more than 100ml/min, and the pump of the airtight and watertight padding of the present invention reaches more than 1000 hours in operation, and leakage rate is almost 0, joint
Can about 5%.
Embodiment 5
Insert in industrial pump stuffing box by foregoing mode with the airtight and watertight padding of embodiments of the invention 2, seal.Again uninterrupted pumping with
The waste liquid of industrial waste sulfuric acid reaches 30 days, and leakage rate is almost 0, shows good seal.Open stuffing box again, measure filler weight, filler of the present invention
Loss late less than 1%, show that the filler of the present invention can be acidproof, after this filler lubricating oil re-mixes, recover as before.
Disclose high temperature resistant nano sealing soft packing and preparation method thereof according in existing patent CN101481594A, it is characterized in that: its component and weight
Amount degree is as follows: 10-30% ceramic fibre, size 20-50%, PolytetrafluoroethylDry Dry-powder 10-30%, own butyl tin 0.5-2%, lubrication
Oil 10-30% composition.
The open size that employs of this patent, selected from trimethoxy silicon and methene base silane component, easily has poison gas to human body through test in production and processing
Body, pollutes environment.
Lubricating oil is selected from N46 industry oil component, and through test heatproof less than 80 degree, heatproof is low, and greasy property is poor.
(1) percentage by weight prepares enough each component:
(2) ceramic fibre and lubricating oil are added size, and high-speed stirred 8-30 minute so that it is mix；
(3) product of own butyl tin and PolytetrafluoroethylDry Dry-powder with step (2) is thoroughly mixed, is then placed in drying baker, dry at a temperature of 800 degree
Dry 4-5 hour；
The products therefrom of step (3) is carried out force ventilation 60-72 hour, it should be noted that lucifuge in ventilation process, i.e. obtain can the sealing of random variation soft
Body.
This product uses the year proportion of goods damageds to be less than 5%, improves 3-5 times service life than packing, reduces energy consumption, and can economize on electricity 2-5%.
According to existing patent CN103242610A discloses a kind of graininess airtight and watertight padding, it is characterised in that it includes: 40-80wt% polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) disperses
Resin emulsion, 6-18wt% reinforcing fiber, 8-20wt% synthetic lubricant fluid, 2-8wt% toughener.
Described reinforcing fiber is that concrete accompanies short fiber component,
Described synthetic lubricant fluid is 320# gear oil component, through test poor lubricity.
Described toughener is nitrile rubber composition, has the disadvantage that, not weatherability, not oil resistant, is weak to highly basic, has special gas during processing
Taste is poisonous carcinogenic, not environmentally.
Preparation method: add reinforcing fiber, synthetic lubricant fluid, toughener, simultaneously mix and blend 15 minutes in ptfe emulsion, put into 230 DEG C
Heating 2-3 hour in electrothermal reaction still, takes out, is crushed to graininess.It is good that it has pliability, graininess, loads the features such as simple.Available
Injection filler rifle loads online, it is possible to the most manual filling, is susceptible to mechanical damage and medium influence, is not limited by stuffing-box shape, uses the cycle
Long, can use by secondary.
According to existing patent CN103602311A discloses a kind of flexible nano airtight and watertight padding that can be recycled, it is characterised in that it includes: 20-70wt%
Polytetrafluoroethyldispersion dispersion resin, 5-20wt% reinforcing fiber, 5-30wt% lubricant, 1-10wt% age resister, 1-12wt% nano wearproof agent, 1-15wt%
Nano-filled dose.
Described polytetrafluoroethyldispersion dispersion resin is ptfe emulsion.
Described reinforcing fiber is the one of which component of basalt fibre, ceramic fibre, polytetrafluoroethylene fibre,
Described lubricant is tung oil, silicone oil, machine oil, gear oil, bearing oil, nano rare earth lubricating oil a kind of component therein,
Described age resister is rubber antiager, plastic anti-aging agent a kind of component therein, has special odor poisonous carcinogenic during processing,
Not environmentally.
Described nano wearproof agent is graininess anti-wear agent, powder anti-wear agent, alkylboronic acids fat anti-wear agent, alkyl roc alkane anti-wear agent composition, wear-resisting through test
Poor performance.
Described nano-filled dose is chlorine dioxide powder, graphite powder, molybdenum disulphide powder, silicon dioxide powder, alchlor powder, titanium dioxide zirconium powder, calcium carbonate
Powder, ptfe micropowder therein one or two or more kinds.Preparation method: add reinforcing fiber uniform stirring in polytetrafluoroethyldispersion dispersion resin
50-10 minute, it is subsequently adding after lubricant, age resister, nano wearproof agent and nano-filled dose mix, divides with mixer stirring 10-20
Put into after clock in constant temperature electric heating equipment or electrothermal reaction still take out after 2-3 hour at 110-230 DEG C of high-temperature baking, can be processed into flexible cylindrical shape,
The airtight and watertight padding such as strip, graininess.
Because the starting components that above-mentioned existing airtight and watertight padding uses also exists in process of manufacture human body generation is poisonous and harmfulness can not ring
Protect, and the defect such as service life is shorter.The present inventor has abundant practical experience and professional knowledge for many years based on being engaged in the industry, and coordinates scientific principle
Utilization, positive research innovated, and creates with it and prepares a kind of flexibility granular movable sealing filler so that it is has more practicality.Through constantly
Research and after repeatedly studying Recipe and improving, finally create and prepare the product of the present invention really having use value.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is the defect existed for above-mentioned prior art and provides a kind of flexibility granular movable sealing filler, and this filler is dashed forward
Broken the most all of carrier performance and the life-span limitation, be a new generation collect water saving, economize on electricity, low-carbon environment-friendly and have self-healing prosthetic function in
Novel movable airtight and watertight padding all over the body.There is the highest extension plasticity, lubricity, wearability, corrosion-resistant soda acid, high temperature resistant, cycle in service life
Long, sealing property respond well (can reach the effect that not water clock does not leaks), coefficient of friction low (friction between equipment bearing and axle sleeve can be reduced),
Reduce ambient noise, synthesis energy saving high efficiency (energy-saving and water-saving).During use non-maintaining, safeguard simple (filling up once in a while after having only to),
Can waste and old recycle, it is possible to meet various operating mode and medium needs, enterprise can be fully solved easily occur running when using conventional filler, emit,
Drip, leakage and short problem in service life.Comparing other filler usage amount and compare province, this product does not all have contamination phenomenon from production and processing to use,
Low-carbon environment-friendly.Thus more suitable for practicality, and there is the value in industry.
The purpose of the present invention and solve its problems referred to above and be employed technical scheme comprise that and can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of flexibility granular movable sealing filler, it is characterised in that it is to be made up of two kinds of components, wherein,
First component includes consisting of and weight portion content:
Strengthen polymer fiber 40-60 part；
PTFE dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin concentrated emulsion 100-200 part；
PTFE nanoscale dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin micro mist 60-80 part；
Second component includes consisting of and weight portion content:
Lubricating oil 40-80 part；
TPE sizing material 16-36 part；
Plasticiser 9-30 part；
Nano clay is combined selfreparing gel 15-35 part；
Described enhancing polymer fiber is selected from alginate fibre, silk fiber and ZyIon fiber any one or three kinds of concurrent mixtures therein.
Described lubricating oil is selected from fluorocarbon oil.
Described plasticiser is selected from citric acid tri butyl ester and epoxidation grease any one or two kinds of concurrent mixtures therein.
Described a kind of flexibility granular movable sealing filler, it is characterised in that include following preparation process:
The preparation of (1) first component:
A, polymerization reinforcing fiber is cut into 10mm-40mm；
B, mix quickly stirring 20-30 minute than by enhancing polymer fiber with PTFE dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin concentrated emulsion by formulation weight part,
Add PTFE nanoscale dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin micro mist and mix quickly stirring 30-50 minute, be then placed in 100 DEG C of-130 DEG C of electric heating
Reactor is heated 1-2 hour；
C, start to be incubated 30-50 minute when temperature reaches 130 DEG C；
D, taking-up, machinery cooling, air-dry 1-2 hour, i.e. prepare the first component；
(2) preparation of second component:
A, it is combined selfreparing gel by formulation weight part than by lubricating oil, plasticiser, TPE sizing material and nano clay and mixes quickly stirring 30-50 and divide
Clock, is then placed in 140 DEG C-160 DEG C electrothermal reaction stills heating 1-2 hour；
B, start to be incubated 30-50 minute when temperature reaches 160 DEG C；
C, taking-up, machinery cooling, air-dry 1-2 hour, i.e. prepare second component；
(3) preparation of a kind of flexibility granular movable sealing filler:
After first component is mixed with second component, put into and 180 DEG C-200 DEG C constant temperature drying equipment open mould baking 2-3 hour, when temperature reaches 200 DEG C
Start to be incubated 30-50 minute, take out, machinery cooling, air-dry 1-2 hour, then cut into the granular filler that gets product, then finished filler is put
Packed after dry ventilation force ventilation 2-4 hour.
The present invention prepares flexibility its technical parameter of granular dynamic filler:
Diameter 10.0 ± 10%；Length 40.0 ± 0.2；Heatproof 260 DEG C；Heatproof vector≤3%；Bulk density >=0.1 (g/cm3)；Stretch tensile strength 21-28Mpa；
Relative density 1.35-1.45 (g/cm3)；Bending strength 11-14Mpa；Viscosity 0.5-1.5pa.s；Coefficient of friction 0.04；Abrasion loss≤0.1g；Line turns
Speed 12≤m/s；Pressure 12≤Map；PH value 2-11；Ratio 1.4；Acid vector 5H2SO4≤ 1%；Alkali vector 5H2SO≤1%；
Compared with prior art, the flexibility of the present invention granular movable sealing filler has the following advantages and effect:
(1), chemical stability strong, various operating mode and medium needs can be met, media such as () soda acid, water, gas, oil, dust, silts.
(2), protection axle sleeve and bearing, it is not necessary to take refitting apart, even if axle sleeve has mild wear, it is possible to relieved use loads.To medium contains granular powder
Dirt and sand have suction dissolubility, can reduce the granule dust destruction to encapsulant in medium.
(3), coefficient of friction little, can reduce and reduce noise during equipment operation, improve the environment around machine mechanical water pump, extend the use of axle sleeve
Life-span.
(4), good heat conduction effect, it is not necessary to water cooling or flushing, can avoid the meaningless loss of medium.
(5), not by any use with stuffing box construction machine equipment being limited, purposes is wide.
(6), greasy property good, cycle in service life length more than 16 months.
(7), this product does not all have contamination phenomenon, low-carbon environment-friendly from production and processing to use.
(8), comparing other filler product usage amount and compare province, save 3% than packing 1 kilogram, muddy packing saves 5%, and superplastic nano compounded mix saves 4%,
Reshapable soft packing saves 2%.
(9), favorable sealing property (can reach the effect that not water clock does not leaks).
(10), waste and old can recycle, used waste and old filler material can be put into deliquescing after soaking in lubricating oil, the Posterior circle that can restore to the original state makes
With, there is self-healing prosthetic function.
(11), synthesis energy saving high efficiency, energy-saving and water-saving (saving energy is more than 95%).
(12), use during non-maintaining, safeguard simple (filling up once in a while after having only to).
(13), stock single, only need to prepare a kind of filler product and just can meet the needs of various unit type and pump.
(14), good heat conduction effect, it is not necessary to water cooling or flushing, can avoid the meaningless loss of medium.
Compared with prior art, the flexibility of the present invention granular movable sealing filler is by using the mixing more common than component of above raw-material weight through high temperature modified
After, it not only ensure that self performance can also add the pliability of its product, stability, anti-aging, wearability, corrosion-resistant soda acid, temperature tolerance
(high temperature insulation), lubricity and have the highest extension plasticity and self-healing prosthetic function, can waste and old recycle.It is being stressed and thermoinduction
Lower meeting active shaping in the work environment, its relative motion surface gapless and without water clock leak path, thus reach conventional sealing material and be unable to reach
Stability, wearability, suction dissolubility, lubricity, sealing property is effective and the cycle in service life is long, product loss late is low, completely solves enterprise
Easily there is run, drip, leak and short problem in service life when using conventional filler in industry.Various operating mode and medium needs can be met, especially
It is containing granule dust and sand, to there is suction capacitive in medium, granule dust and the sand destruction to encapsulant in medium can be reduced.Even if axle sleeve
Have mild wear also can relieved load to use, therefore, it is possible to the performance to the final sealing effectiveness of product is guaranteed technically.
Described above is only the general introduction of the technology of the present invention, in order to better understand the technological means of the present invention, and can give according to the content of specification
Implement, after describing in detail such as with presently preferred embodiments of the present invention below.
Detailed description of the invention
By further illustrating the technological means and effect that the present invention taked by reaching predetermined goal of the invention, provide a kind of flexibility granular to according to the present invention
Movable sealing filler, this filler is to be made up of two kinds of components, wherein,
First component includes consisting of and weight portion content:
Strengthen polymer fiber 40-60 part；
PTFE dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin concentrated emulsion 100-200 part；
PTFE nanoscale dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin micro mist 60-80 part；
Second component includes consisting of and weight portion content:
Lubricating oil 40-80 part；
TPE sizing material 16-36 part；
Plasticiser 9-30 part；
Nano clay is combined selfreparing gel 15-35 part；
Pass through substantial amounts of experiment and have finally chosen constituent in detail below, there is between following constituent good mixed performance, will not produce point
Phase, also will not occur metamorphic reaction.
PTFE dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin concentrated emulsion employed in the first component and its spy of PTFE nanoscale dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin micro mist
Levying and have high temperature resistant use operating temperature and reach 260 DEG C, low temperature resistant have good mechanical tenacity；I.e. drop temperature to-196 DEG C, it is possible to keep 5%
Percentage elongation, corrosion-resistant most of chemicals and solvent are shown inertia, can strong alkali-acid resistance, water and various organic solvent, weatherability is moulded
In the anti-aging life-span optimal in material, high lubrication is coefficient of friction the lowest in solid material, does not adhere to the surface tension being minimum in solid material and does not glues
Attached any material, nonhazardous has physiological inertia.
The plasticity body of conventional body material (particle diameter is more than 1 micron) can become, and I selects PTFE nanoscale dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin micro mist primary
Particle diameter 120 nanometer, secondary particle size 3 microns, graininess is the trickleest, rotates the most active.
Its feature of the alginate fibre used has high-hygroscopicity, high oxygen permeability, biocompatibility, degraded absorbability, high temperature resistant, fire-retardant, recoverability.
Its feature of the silk fiber used have softness and elasticity, high temperature insulation is good, alkali high, antiacid of stretching tensile strength, water imbibition and good permeability, resistance to
High temperature is up to 100-300 degree, uvioresistant, degradable.
ZyIon fiber its characteristic strength 42G/D used, for more than 2 times of aramid fiber, ultra high modulus reaches 2000g/D, and its decomposition temperature is 650 DEG C,
Anti-flammability is the highest, in addition creep resistant.Chemical proofing, cutting resistance, abrasion performance, resistance to high humidity wear away also above aramid fiber, and have low moisture absorption
Property (0.6%).
Its feature of fluorocarbon oil employed in second component has safety non-toxic, heat endurance, resistance to very high temperature, noninflammability, chemical stability, excellent profit
Slip, wearability, high temperature resistant-80 DEG C～300 DEG C, acid-alkali-corrosive-resisting.
Its feature of TPE sizing material used has the high resiliency of rubber, high intensity, high resilience, soft sense, plasticity, endurance, high temperature resistant, change
Learn stable, processing characteristics is superior, need not vulcanize, can recycle reduction cost, both can be with secondary injection molding, environment friendly and pollution-free and capable of circulation
Reclaim and use.
Its feature of citric acid tri butyl ester used has stable performance thus improves the long-term weatherability of plastics, phthalic acid nonpoisonous and tasteless, alternative
Esters conventional plasticizers.
Its feature of epoxidation grease used has nontoxicity, and compared with main plasticiser DOP, DBP, its prominent advantage is nontoxic, heat-resisting and resistance to
Light stability is good.
The high molecular nanometer clay used is compound reviews one's lessons by oneself its feature of gel and has permeability self-healing strong, renewable prosthetic function.
Macromolecular chain between adjacent nano clay is tangled by non-covalent bond pattern effect, and this gives the mechanical property that this gel is excellent, nanometer therein
Clay plays the effect of crosslinking points in the structure, after gel is damaged, can again form non-covalent chain by the phase counterdiffusion of macromolecular chain, from
And make gel have excellent self-healing properties.
The preparation method of this flexibility granular movable sealing filler, comprises the following steps:
The preparation of (1) first component:
A, enhancing polymer fiber is cut into 10mm-40mm；
B, mix quickly stirring 20-30 minute than by enhancing polymer fiber with PTFE dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin concentrated emulsion by formulation weight part,
Add PTFE dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin micro mist and mix quickly stirring 30-50 minute, be then placed in 100 DEG C-130 DEG C electrothermal reaction stills
In heat 1-2 hour；
C, start to be incubated 30-50 minute when temperature reaches 130 DEG C；
D, taking-up, machinery cooling, air-dry 1-2 hour, i.e. prepare the first component；
(2) preparation of second component:
A, it is combined selfreparing gel by formulation weight part than by lubricating oil, TPE sizing material, plasticiser and nano clay and mixes quickly stirring 30-50 and divide
Clock, is then placed in 140 DEG C-160 DEG C electrothermal reaction stills heating 1-2 hour；
B, start to be incubated 30-50 minute when temperature reaches 160 DEG C；
C, taking-up, machinery cooling, air-dry 1-2 hour, i.e. prepare second component；
(3) preparation of flexibility granular movable sealing filler:
After first component is mixed with second component, put into and 180 DEG C-200 DEG C constant temperature drying equipment open mould baking 2-3 hour, when temperature reaches 200 DEG C
Starting to be incubated 30-50 minute, take out, machinery cools down, air-dries 1-2 hour, then cuts into the granular filler that gets product, and then finished filler is put
Packed after dry ventilation force ventilation 2-4 hour.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described:
There is provided a kind of flexibility granular movable sealing filler, it is characterised in that include following preparation process:
First component includes consisting of and weight portion content:
Strengthen polymer fiber 40-60 part；
PTFE dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin concentrated emulsion 100-200 part；
PTFE nanoscale dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin micro mist 60-80 part；
Second component includes consisting of and weight portion content:
Lubricating oil 40-80 part；
TPE sizing material 16-36 part；
Plasticiser 9～30 parts；
Nano clay is combined selfreparing gel 15-35 part；
The preparation of (1) first component:
A, polymerization reinforcing fiber is cut into 10mm-40mm；
B, mix quickly stirring 20-30 minute than by enhancing polymer fiber with PTFE dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin concentrated emulsion by formulation weight part,
Add PTFE nanoscale dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin micro mist and mix quickly stirring 30-50 minute, be then placed in 100 DEG C of-130 DEG C of electric heating anti-
Answer and still is heated 1-2 hour；
C, start to be incubated 30-50 minute when temperature reaches 130 DEG C；
D, taking-up, machinery cooling, air-dry 1-2 hour, i.e. prepare the first component；
(2) preparation of second component:
A, it is combined selfreparing gel by formulation weight part than by lubricating oil, TPE sizing material, plasticiser and nano clay and mixes quickly stirring 30-50 and divide
Clock, is then placed in 140 DEG C-160 DEG C electrothermal reaction stills heating 1-2 hour；
B, start to be incubated 30-50 minute when temperature reaches 160 DEG C；
C, taking-up, machinery cooling, air-dry 1-2 hour, i.e. prepare second component；
(3) preparation of flexibility granular movable sealing filler:
After first component is mixed with second component, put into and 180 DEG C-200 DEG C constant temperature drying equipment open mould baking 2-3 hour, when temperature reaches 200 DEG C
Starting to be incubated 30-50 minute, take out, machinery cools down, air-dries 1-2 hour, then cuts into the granular filler that gets product, and then finished filler is put
Packed after dry ventilation force ventilation 2-4 hour.
The flexibility particulate filler use installation method that the present invention prepares is:
1. open equipment half shell, pull down pressing flange disk, draw out packing.
2. one grain of particulate filler is uniformly filled in stuffing box, will fill up and tamp, during filling, should ensure that packing is more than 95%.
3. after filling up, steadily push to pressing flange disk.
4. with playing the part of hand fastening nut.
5. after completing above step, pressing flange disk nut is unscrewed two buttons, should rotate flexibly with setting stick car, be then turned on equipment test run.
Specific embodiment 1
The preparation of (1) first component:
B, mixed and quickly stir 20-30 than by 50 parts of alginate fibres with 100 parts of PTFE dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin concentrated emulsions by formulation weight part
Minute, add 70 parts of PTFE nanoscale dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin micro mists and mix quickly stirring 30-50 minute, be then placed in 100 DEG C
-130 DEG C of electrothermal reaction stills are heated 1-2 hour；
C, start to be incubated 30-50 minute when temperature reaches 130 DEG C；
D, taking-up, machinery cooling, air-dry 1-2 hour, i.e. prepare the first component；
(2) preparation of second component:
A, it is combined selfreparing gel by formulation weight part than by 50 parts of fluorocarbon oils, 15 parts of citric acid tri butyl esters, 22 parts of TPE sizing materials and 20 parts of nano clays
Mix quickly stirring 30-50 minute, be then placed in 140 DEG C-160 DEG C electrothermal reaction stills heating 1-2 hour；
B, start to be incubated 30-50 minute when temperature reaches 160 DEG C；
C, taking-up, machinery cooling, air-dry 1-2 hour, i.e. prepare second component；
(3) preparation of flexibility granular movable sealing filler:
After first component is mixed with second component, put into and 180 DEG C-200 DEG C constant temperature drying equipment open mould baking 2-3 hour, when temperature reaches 200 DEG C
Starting to be incubated 30-50 minute, take out, machinery cools down, air-dries 1-2 hour, then cuts into the granular filler that gets product, and then finished filler is put
Packed after dry ventilation force ventilation 2-4 hour.
Specific embodiment 2
The preparation of (1) first component:
B, mixed and quickly stir 20-30 than by 45 parts of silk fibers with 120 parts of PTFE dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin concentrated emulsions by formulation weight part
Minute, add 75 parts of PTFE nanoscale dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin micro mists and mix quickly stirring 30-50 minute, be then placed in 100 DEG C
-130 DEG C of electrothermal reaction stills are heated 1-2 hour；
C, start to be incubated 30-50 minute when temperature reaches 130 DEG C；
D, taking-up, machinery cooling, air-dry 1-2 hour, i.e. prepare the first component；
(2) preparation of second component:
A, it is combined selfreparing gel by formulation weight part mixes than by 60 parts of fluorocarbon oils, 20 parts of epoxidation greases, 30 parts of TPE sizing materials and 30 parts of nano clays
Close the most quickly stirring 30-50 minute, be then placed in 140 DEG C-160 DEG C electrothermal reaction stills heating 1-2 hour；
B, start to be incubated 30-50 minute when temperature reaches 160 DEG C；
C, taking-up, machinery cooling, air-dry 1-2 hour, i.e. prepare second component；
(3) preparation of flexibility granular movable sealing filler:
After first component is mixed with second component, put into and 180 DEG C-200 DEG C constant temperature drying equipment open mould baking 2-3 hour, when temperature reaches 200 DEG C
Starting to be incubated 30-50 minute, take out, machinery cools down, air-dries 1-2 hour, then cuts into the granular filler that gets product, and then finished filler is put
Packed after dry ventilation force ventilation 2-4 hour.
Specific embodiment 3
The preparation of (1) first component:
B, mix quickly stirring than by 55 parts of ZyIon fibers with 180 parts of PTFE dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin concentrated emulsions by formulation weight part
20-30 minute, add 62 parts of PTFE nanoscale dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin micro mists and mix quickly stirring 30-50 minute, be then placed in
100 DEG C-130 DEG C electrothermal reaction stills are heated 1-2 hour；
C, start to be incubated 30-50 minute when temperature reaches 130 DEG C；
D, taking-up, machinery cooling, air-dry 1-2 hour, i.e. prepare the first component；
(2) preparation of second component:
A, stick than by 80 parts of fluorocarbon oils, 10 parts of citric acid tri butyl esters, 20 parts of epoxidation greases, 36 parts of TPE sizing materials and 35 parts of nanometers by formulation weight part
The compound selfreparing gel of soil mixes quickly stirring 30-50 minute, is then placed in 140 DEG C-160 DEG C electrothermal reaction stills heating 1-2 hour；
B, start to be incubated 30-50 minute when temperature reaches 160 DEG C；
C, taking-up, machinery cooling, air-dry 1-2 hour, i.e. prepare second component；
(3) preparation of flexibility granular movable sealing filler:
After first component is mixed with second component, put into and 180 DEG C-200 DEG C constant temperature drying equipment open mould baking 2-3 hour, when temperature reaches 200 DEG C
Starting to be incubated 30-50 minute, take out, machinery cools down, air-dries 1-2 hour, then cuts into the granular filler that gets product, and then finished filler is put
Packed after dry ventilation force ventilation 2-4 hour.
Specific embodiment 4
The preparation of (1) first component:
B, by formulation weight part ratio by 40 parts of alginate fibres, 45 parts of silk fibers and 50 parts of ZyIon fibers with 200 parts of PTFE dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresins
Resin concentrated emulsion mixes quickly stirring 20-30 minute, adds 80 parts of PTFE nanoscale dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin micro mist mixing all
Even quick stirring 30-50 minute, is then placed in 100 DEG C-130 DEG C electrothermal reaction stills heating 1-2 hour；
C, start to be incubated 30-50 minute when temperature reaches 130 DEG C；
D, taking-up, machinery cooling, air-dry 1-2 hour, i.e. prepare the first component；
(2) preparation of second component:
A, stick than by 80 parts of fluorocarbon oils, 15 parts of citric acid tri butyl esters, 25 parts of epoxidation greases, 36 parts of TPE sizing materials and 15 parts of nanometers by formulation weight part
The compound selfreparing gel of soil mixes quickly stirring 30-50 minute, is then placed in 140 DEG C-160 DEG C electrothermal reaction stills heating 1-2 hour；
B, start to be incubated 30-50 minute when temperature reaches 160 DEG C；
C, taking-up, machinery cooling, air-dry 1-2 hour, i.e. prepare second component；
(3) preparation of flexibility granular movable sealing filler:
After first component is mixed with second component, put into and 180 DEG C-200 DEG C constant temperature drying equipment open mould baking 2-3 hour, when temperature reaches 200 DEG C
Starting to be incubated 30-50 minute, take out, machinery cools down, air-dries 1-2 hour, then cuts into the granular filler that gets product, and then finished filler is put
Packed after dry ventilation force ventilation 2-4 hour.
Specific embodiment 5
It is filled in industrial water pump stuffing box with the airtight and watertight padding of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) packing and embodiments of the invention 1 respectively, seals.Identical
In specification 60KW centrifugal pump of horizontal axis, experiment condition is: medium: waste sulfuric acid, temperature, 110 degree, pressure: 6Mpa, and linear velocity: 12m/s is close
Front cover length: 120mm.Use packing amount 4 is enclosed, about 1000 gram weight, and the operation time reaches more than 16 months, and result operates in 2 at packing
After about Yue, leakage rate is all more than 150ml/min, and the airtight and watertight padding of the present invention uses amount of fill to be 700 grams, with the pump of filler of the present invention operationally
Between up to more than 16 months, sealing property respond well (can reach the effect that not drip does not leaks), corrosion-resistant acid alkalescence is strong.
Opening stuffing box, measure filler abrasion weight, loss late is less than 0.3%, and synthesis energy saving is about about 94%.Can be by used waste and old filler
After soaking with lubricating oil mixing can deliquescing, and can restore to the original state.There is self-healing prosthetic function, can be recycled.
Specific embodiment 6
It is filled in slush pump stuffing box with the airtight and watertight padding of muddy packing and embodiments of the invention 2 respectively, seals.At same size 80KW
In pump, experiment condition is: medium: silt, temperature: 120 degree, pressure: 6Mpa, linear velocity: 11m/s, sealing surface length: 100mm.Use
Muddy packing amount is about 1000 gram weight, and the operation time reaches more than 16 months, and result leakage rate after muddy packing operates in about 4 months is super
Cross 120ml/min, and the airtight and watertight padding of the present invention uses amount of fill to be 500 grams, with the pump of filler of the present invention at runtime up to more than 16 months,
Sealing property respond well (can reach the effect that not drip does not leaks), is not affected by silt medium and is used, and protects axle sleeve.
Opening stuffing box, measure filler abrasion weight, loss late is less than 0.5%, and synthesis energy saving is about about 92%.Can be by used waste and old filler
After soaking with lubricating oil mixing can deliquescing, and can restore to the original state.There is self-healing prosthetic function, can be recycled.
Specific embodiment 7
It is filled in coal ash mixer stuffing box with the soft packing of Reshapable and the airtight and watertight padding of embodiments of the invention 3 respectively, seals.?
In same size 90KW pump, experiment condition is: medium: coal ash dirt, temperature: 120 degree, pressure: 6Mpa, linear velocity: 11m/s, seals face length
Degree: 100mm.The soft packing amount using Reshapable is about 500 gram weight, and the operation time reaches more than 16 months, and result is in Reshapable soft packing
After operating in about 6 months, leakage rate is all more than 50ml/min, and the airtight and watertight padding of the present invention uses amount of fill to be 400 grams, with filler of the present invention
Pump is at runtime up to more than 16 months, and sealing property respond well (can reach the effect that not drip does not leaks), not by the shadow of coal dust medium
Ring and use, protect axle sleeve.
Opening stuffing box, measure filler abrasion weight, loss late is less than 0.4%, and synthesis energy saving is about about 93%.Can be by used waste and old filler
After soaking with lubricating oil mixing can deliquescing, and can restore to the original state,.There is self-healing prosthetic function, can be recycled.
Specific embodiment 8
It is filled in absorption drier with the airtight and watertight padding of superplastic nano compounded mix and embodiments of the invention 4 respectively, seals.?
In same size 90KW pump, experiment condition is: medium: gas, temperature: 210 degree, pressure: 8Mpa, linear velocity: 11m/s, sealing surface length:
100mm.Using superplastic nano compounded mix amount to be about 1000 gram weight, the operation time reaches more than 16 months, and result superplastic nano is compound to be filled out
Expect that leakage rate is all more than 150ml/min after operating in about 3 months, and the airtight and watertight padding of the present invention uses amount of fill to be 800 grams, fills out by the present invention
The equipment of material is up to more than 16 months at runtime, sealing property respond well (can reach the effect that not drip does not leaks).
Opening stuffing box, measure filler abrasion weight, loss late is less than 0.2%, and saving energy is about 95%.Can be by used waste and old filler with profit
Lubricating oil mixing soak after can deliquescing, and can restore to the original state.There is self-healing prosthetic function, can be recycled.
Industrial applicability
It follows that shown by above Experimental comparison, utilize the flexibility granular movable sealing material of the present invention can be fully solved enterprise and using tradition
Run, drip, leak and short problem in service life easily occur during filler.Disclosure satisfy that various operating mode and medium needs, especially contain in medium
There are granule dust and sand to have suction capacitive, granule dust and the sand destruction to encapsulant in medium can be reduced.Even if axle sleeve has mild wear,
Also relieved can load and use, protection axle sleeve and bearing are not damaged by, and have self-healing prosthetic function, can waste and old recycle.Compare other filler to use
Amount is few, synthesis energy saving high efficiency (saving energy is more than 95%), and product loss late is less than 0.5%.During use non-maintaining, safeguard simply (have only to
Fill up once in a while later), wearability and lubricity are good, cycle in service life length more than 16 months, and sealing property is effective (can reach not drip
The effect not leaked), and play excellent practicality.
The above, be only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, the present invention not makees any pro forma restriction, although the present invention is with preferably
Embodiment is disclosed above, but not to limit the present invention, any those skilled in the art, in the range of without departing from technical solution of the present invention,
When the technology contents of available the disclosure above makes a little change or is modified to the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations, as long as being without departing from the technology of the present invention side
The content of case, the technical spirit of the foundation present invention, to any simple modification made for any of the above embodiments, equivalent variations and modification, all still falls within the present invention
In the range of technical scheme.
Claims (6)
1. a flexibility granular movable sealing filler, it is characterised in that it is to be made up of two kinds of components, wherein,
First component includes consisting of and weight portion content:
Strengthen polymer fiber 40-60 part；
PTFE dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin concentrated emulsion 100-200 part；
PTFE nanoscale dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin micro mist 60-80 part；
Second component includes consisting of and weight portion content:
Lubricating oil 40-80 part；
TPE sizing material 16-36 part；
Plasticiser 9-30 part；
Nano clay is combined selfreparing gel 15-35 part.
A kind of flexibility granular movable sealing filler the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described polymerization reinforcing fiber one in alginate fibre, silk fiber and ZyIon fiber are any or three kinds of concurrent mixtures.
A kind of flexibility granular movable sealing filler the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described lubricating oil is selected from fluorocarbon oil.
A kind of flexibility granular movable sealing filler the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described plasticiser one or both concurrent mixtures in citric acid tri butyl ester and epoxidation grease are any.
5. a kind of flexibility granular movable sealing filler as according to any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that include following preparation process:
The preparation of (1) first component:
A, polymerization reinforcing fiber is cut into 10mm-40mm；
B, mix quickly stirring 20-30 minute than by enhancing polymer fiber with PTFE dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin concentrated emulsion by formulation weight part, add PTFE nanoscale dispersed polytetrafluoroethylresin resin micro mist and mix quickly stirring 30-50 minute, be then placed in 100 DEG C-130 DEG C electrothermal reaction stills heating 1-2 hour；
C, start to be incubated 30-50 minute when temperature reaches 130 DEG C；
D, taking-up, machinery cooling, air-dry 1-2 hour, i.e. prepare the first component；
(2) preparation of second component:
A, it is combined selfreparing gel by formulation weight part than by lubricating oil, plasticiser, TPE sizing material and nano clay and mixes quickly stirring 30-50 minute, be then placed in 140 DEG C-160 DEG C electrothermal reaction stills heating 1-2 hour；
B, start to be incubated 30-50 minute when temperature reaches 160 DEG C；
C, taking-up, machinery cooling, air-dry 1-2 hour, i.e. prepare second component；
(3) preparation of flexibility granular movable sealing filler:
After first component is mixed with second component, put into and 180 DEG C-200 DEG C constant temperature drying equipment open mould baking 2-3 hour, start to be incubated 30-50 minute when temperature reaches 200 DEG C, take out, machinery cools down, air-dries 1-2 hour, cut into the granular filler that gets product again, pack after then finished filler being put into dry ventilation force ventilation 2-4 hour.
A kind of flexibility granular movable sealing filler the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that show as flexibility granular solids thing, feel lubrication toughness, extension plasticity in a non-operative state, waste and old can recycle, have self-healing prosthetic function.Simultaneously can be to meet various operating mode and medium needs; especially containing granule dust and sand, there is suction dissolubility in medium, granule dust and the sand destruction to encapsulant in medium, protection axle sleeve and bearing can be reduced; even if axle sleeve has mild wear, it is possible to relieved filling uses.
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| CN201610209825.3A CN105860380A (en) | 2016-04-07 | 2016-04-07 | Flexible granular dynamic sealing filler |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610209825.3A CN105860380A (en) | 2016-04-07 | 2016-04-07 | Flexible granular dynamic sealing filler |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109135138A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-01-04 | 济南德仕枫工业技术有限公司 | A kind of novel energy-conserving compound seal filler formulation and its manufacture craft |
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| EP0258875A2 (en) * | 1986-09-02 | 1988-03-09 | AUSIMONT S.p.A. | Manufactured articles endowed with high characteristics of low-temperature plasticity, based on polytetrafluoroethylene or tetrafluoroethylene copolymers, and pastes for their preparation |
| CN103351488A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-10-16 | 慈溪卡希尔密封材料有限公司 | Flexible sealing packing for pump, and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103602311A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-02-26 | 马士民 | Recyclable flexible nanometer sealing filler |
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2016
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| EP0258875A2 (en) * | 1986-09-02 | 1988-03-09 | AUSIMONT S.p.A. | Manufactured articles endowed with high characteristics of low-temperature plasticity, based on polytetrafluoroethylene or tetrafluoroethylene copolymers, and pastes for their preparation |
| CN103351488A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-10-16 | 慈溪卡希尔密封材料有限公司 | Flexible sealing packing for pump, and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103602311A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-02-26 | 马士民 | Recyclable flexible nanometer sealing filler |
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| CN109135138A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-01-04 | 济南德仕枫工业技术有限公司 | A kind of novel energy-conserving compound seal filler formulation and its manufacture craft |
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Application publication date: 20160817 |