CN105857065A - Mechanical-hydraulic dual-mode drive high-pressure washing vehicle - Google Patents
Mechanical-hydraulic dual-mode drive high-pressure washing vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105857065A CN105857065A CN201610325534.0A CN201610325534A CN105857065A CN 105857065 A CN105857065 A CN 105857065A CN 201610325534 A CN201610325534 A CN 201610325534A CN 105857065 A CN105857065 A CN 105857065A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- clutch
- low
- pump
- pressure water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K23/00—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
- B60K25/06—Auxiliary drives from the transmission power take-off
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K31/00—Vehicle fittings, acting on a single sub-unit only, for automatically controlling vehicle speed, i.e. preventing speed from exceeding an arbitrarily established velocity or maintaining speed at a particular velocity, as selected by the vehicle operator
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
- E01H1/00—Removing undesirable matter from roads or like surfaces, with or without moistening of the surface
- E01H1/10—Hydraulically loosening or dislodging undesirable matter; Raking or scraping apparatus ; Removing liquids or semi-liquids e.g., absorbing water, sliding-off mud
- E01H1/101—Hydraulic loosening or dislodging, combined or not with mechanical loosening or dislodging, e.g. road washing machines with brushes or wipers
- E01H1/103—Hydraulic loosening or dislodging, combined or not with mechanical loosening or dislodging, e.g. road washing machines with brushes or wipers in which the soiled loosening or washing liquid is removed, e.g. by suction
Abstract
The invention relates to a mechanical-hydraulic dual-mode drive high-pressure washing vehicle. The mechanical-hydraulic dual-mode drive high-pressure washing vehicle comprises a chassis engine, a first walking system, a controller, a power take-off, a variable displacement piston pump, a drive motor, a low-pressure water pump clutch and a high-pressure water pump clutch. The first walking system comprises a gearbox, a drive system and a dual-drive rear axle assembly which are conventionally arranged on the vehicle. An input shaft of the power take-off is connected with an output shaft of the chassis engine, a walking output shaft of the power take-off is provided with a connecting flange to be connected with the variable displacement piston pump, the variable displacement piston pump is connected with the drive motor, the drive motor is connected with a drive shaft of the dual-drive rear axle assembly through a rear drive clutch, and then a second walking system is formed. A low-pressure water pump belt wheel and a high-pressure water pump belt wheel are coaxially arranged on a working output shaft of the power take-off and connected with the low-pressure water pump clutch and the high-pressure water pump clutch respectively through belts, and the low-pressure water pump clutch and the high-pressure water pump clutch are connected with a low-pressure water pump of a low-pressure water path system and a high-pressure water pump of a high-pressure water path system respectively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sanitation equipment technical field, particularly relate to a kind of mechanical-hydraulic bimodulus and drive high-pressure sewer flushing vehicle.
Background technology
The existing high-pressure sewer flushing vehicle be presently used for road cleaning, keeping a public place clean has low pressure purge operation and two kinds of work patterns of high-pressure wash operation；During low pressure purge operation, low pressure waterway system is substantially and directly drives low-pressure pump to carry out spraying operation pattern from chassis speed changing box power taking, during high-pressure wash operation, high pressure water circuit system is substantially by setting up assistant engine, then drives high-pressure hydraulic pump to carry out high pressure washing work pattern by assistant engine.But, the low-pressure pump of existing high-pressure sewer flushing vehicle, the change of its rotating speed suspension chassis engine speed and change, the flow making low-pressure pump also produces respective change, the fountain height causing low-pressure pump can change along with speed and the change of traveling gears, thus resulting in low pressure waterway system job insecurity, cleaning efficiency is affected；And, the high-pressure hydraulic pump of existing high-pressure sewer flushing vehicle, to drive by setting up assistant engine, cause oil consumption to improve, exhaust emissions increases, and the space that bimotored installation takies vehicle is big, and the defects such as the phenomenon of low load with strong power often occurs.
In sum, existing high-pressure sewer flushing vehicle not only easily causes the waste of water resource, and operation is unstable, and operating efficiency is low, and governor control characteristics is poor, handles and the most convenient, flexible waits deficiency, and energy-conserving and environment-protective are poor, do not meet the requirement that national promotion is built a conservation-minded society.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aims to the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of reasonable in design, simple in construction, employing monomotor configures, and can reduce operation oil consumption, reduces exhaust emissions, improve the utilization rate in arrangement space, improving the stability of washing and cleaning operation, save operation water, the mechanical-hydraulic bimodulus that cleaning efficiency is high drives high-pressure sewer flushing vehicle.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of mechanical-hydraulic bimodulus drives high-pressure sewer flushing vehicle, it includes engine in situ, the first row walking system, low pressure waterway system and high pressure water circuit system, described the first row walking system includes the conventional arrangement of gearbox of vehicle, transmission system and Dual Drive rear axle assy, described transmission input shaft is connected with engine in situ output shaft, output shaft of gear-box is connected with Dual Drive rear axle assy by transmission system, it also includes controller, power takeoff, Variable plunger pump, drive motor, rear-guard clutch, low-pressure pump clutch and high-pressure water pump clutch, described power takeoff power shaft is connected with engine in situ output shaft, power takeoff output shaft includes walk output shaft and operation output shaft；Described walking output shaft is provided with adpting flange and is connected with Variable plunger pump input, variable piston pump output terminal is connected with the driving motor being arranged on rear overhang by hydraulic plumbing system, the power transmission shaft driving motor to be provided with Dual Drive rear axle assy rear end by rear-guard clutch is connected, and forms the second running gear；Low-pressure pump belt pulley and high-pressure hydraulic pump belt pulley it is coaxially provided with on described operation output shaft, low-pressure pump belt pulley is connected with low-pressure pump clutch by low-pressure pump belt, low-pressure pump clutch is connected with the low-pressure pump of low pressure waterway system, high-pressure hydraulic pump belt pulley is connected with high-pressure water pump clutch by high-pressure hydraulic pump belt, and high-pressure water pump clutch is connected with the high-pressure hydraulic pump of high pressure water circuit system；Described controller is connected with engine in situ, power takeoff, Variable plunger pump, rear-guard clutch, low-pressure pump clutch and high-pressure water pump clutch respectively.
Described controller includes Operation control module, Throttle Opening Control module and travelling control module, described travelling control module is connected with power takeoff, rear-guard clutch and Variable plunger pump respectively, Throttle Opening Control module is connected with engine in situ, and Operation control module is connected with low-pressure pump clutch and high-pressure water pump clutch respectively.
Described power takeoff and rear-guard clutch are arranged for linkage.
The present invention uses above technical scheme, compared with existing high-pressure sewer flushing vehicle, without setting up assistant engine, only need the engine in situ utilizing high-pressure sewer flushing vehicle as power source, high-pressure sewer flushing vehicle can be driven to walk and operation non-interferencely, greatly reduce cost and operation oil consumption, decrease exhaust emissions, more energy-conserving and environment-protective, operation process is not affected by Vehicle Speed, is effectively increased operating efficiency, and monomotor configuration, be conducive to improving the utilization rate in arrangement space, such that it is able to add the volume of water pitcher, be conducive to extending the washing and cleaning operation time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further elaborated:
Fig. 1 is that mechanical-hydraulic bimodulus of the present invention drives high-pressure sewer flushing vehicle schematic front view；
Fig. 2 is that mechanical-hydraulic bimodulus of the present invention drives high-pressure sewer flushing vehicle schematic top plan view；
Fig. 3 is that mechanical-hydraulic bimodulus of the present invention drives high-pressure wash vehicle device connection diagram；
Fig. 4 is that mechanical-hydraulic bimodulus of the present invention drives high-pressure sewer flushing vehicle circuit connection diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in one of Fig. 1-4, the present invention includes engine in situ, the first row walking system, low pressure waterway system 3 and high pressure water circuit system 4, described the first row walking system includes the conventional arrangement of gearbox of vehicle, transmission system and Dual Drive rear axle assy 11, described transmission input shaft is connected with engine in situ output shaft, output shaft of gear-box is connected with Dual Drive rear axle assy 11 by transmission system, it also includes controller 2, power takeoff 5, Variable plunger pump 9, drive motor 8, rear-guard clutch 7, low-pressure pump clutch 31 and high-pressure water pump clutch 41, described power takeoff 5 power shaft is connected with engine in situ output shaft, power takeoff 5 output shaft includes walk output shaft and operation output shaft；Described walking output shaft is provided with adpting flange 91 and is connected with Variable plunger pump 9 input, Variable plunger pump 9 output is connected with the driving motor 8 being arranged on rear overhang by hydraulic plumbing system 10, the power transmission shaft 6 driving motor 8 to be provided with Dual Drive rear axle assy 11 rear end by rear-guard clutch 7 is connected, and forms the second running gear；Low-pressure pump belt pulley 32 and high-pressure hydraulic pump belt pulley 42 it is coaxially provided with on described operation output shaft, low-pressure pump belt pulley 32 is connected with low-pressure pump clutch 31 by low-pressure pump belt, low-pressure pump clutch 31 is connected with the low-pressure pump 33 of low pressure waterway system 3, high-pressure hydraulic pump belt pulley 42 is connected with high-pressure water pump clutch 41 by high-pressure hydraulic pump belt, and high-pressure water pump clutch 41 is connected with the high-pressure hydraulic pump 43 of high pressure water circuit system 4；Described controller 2 is connected with engine in situ, power takeoff 5, Variable plunger pump 9, rear-guard clutch 7, low-pressure pump clutch 31 and high-pressure water pump clutch 41 respectively.
Described controller 2 includes Operation control module 21, Throttle Opening Control module 22 and travelling control module 23, described travelling control module 23 is connected with power takeoff 5, rear-guard clutch 7 and Variable plunger pump 9 respectively, Throttle Opening Control module 22 is connected with engine in situ, and Operation control module 21 is connected with low-pressure pump clutch 31 and high-pressure water pump clutch 41 respectively.
Described power takeoff 5 and rear-guard clutch 7 are arranged for linkage.
The operation principle of the present invention is as follows:
When being carried out operation, the switching of (1) running gear: the gearbox of high-pressure sewer flushing vehicle 1 is hung neutral, and gearbox cannot obtain the power of engine in situ output shaft, and therefore, vehicle conventional arrangement of the first row walking system quits work；Control power takeoff 5 by the travelling control module 23 on controller 2 to engage with engine in situ so that power takeoff 5 obtains whole power of engine in situ；Simultaneously, rear-guard clutch 7 linkage combines, connect the power transmission between the power transmission shaft 6 driving motor 8 and Dual Drive rear axle assy 11 rear end to be provided with, so that a part of kinetic force that power takeoff 5 obtains passes sequentially through adpting flange 91, Variable plunger pump 9, hydraulic plumbing system 10, drives motor 8 and rear-guard clutch 7 to pass to the power transmission shaft 6 that Dual Drive rear axle assy 11 rear end is provided with, power transmission shaft 6 drives Dual Drive rear axle assy 11 to work, thus realizes vehicle launch the second running gear and travel.(2) control of washing and cleaning operation: low pressure waterway system 3 can be controlled by the Operation control module 21 on controller 2 and high pressure water circuit system 4 individually carries out separately operation or carries out common operational simultaneously.I.e., Operation control module 21 can individually control low-pressure pump clutch 31 and combine, so that another part kinetic force that power takeoff 5 obtains passes sequentially through low-pressure pump belt pulley 32, low-pressure pump belt and low-pressure pump clutch 31 and passes to the low-pressure pump 33 of low pressure waterway system 3, low-pressure pump 33 starts, thus starts the spraying operation pattern of low pressure waterway system 3；Operation control module 21 can also individually control high-pressure water pump clutch 41 and combine, so that another part kinetic force that power takeoff 5 obtains passes sequentially through high-pressure hydraulic pump belt pulley 42, high-pressure hydraulic pump belt and high-pressure water pump clutch 41 and passes to the high-pressure hydraulic pump 43 of high pressure water circuit system 4, high-pressure hydraulic pump 43 starts, thus starts the high pressure washing work pattern of high pressure water circuit system 4.(3) control of speed: by the Throttle Opening Control module 22 on controller 2, can control the rotating speed of engine in situ, and then regulate the velocity of rotation needed for low-pressure pump 33 and high-pressure hydraulic pump 43 operation；And by the travelling control module 23 on controller 2, can be with the flow of control variables plunger displacement pump 9 so that it is the travel speed of vehicle can be regulated according to job requirements, it might even be possible to set constant flow rate by Variable plunger pump 9 and lock speed；Control by above-mentioned speed, even if engine in situ rotation can be realized to change, with regulation low-pressure pump 33 and the velocity of rotation of high-pressure hydraulic pump 43, Vehicle Speed can keep constant, so that it is guaranteed that high-pressure sewer flushing vehicle 1 walking and operation are independent of each other, improve the stability of low pressure waterway system 3 operation, saved operation water, improve cleaning efficiency.
When stopping washing and cleaning operation, control power takeoff 5 by the travelling control module 23 on controller 2 to separate with engine in situ, power takeoff 5 cannot obtain the power of engine in situ output shaft, rear-guard clutch 7 linkage separates, second running gear quits work, and low pressure waterway system 3 and high pressure water circuit system 4 also stop washing and cleaning operation；Being put into gear by the gearbox of high-pressure sewer flushing vehicle 1, gearbox obtains the power of engine in situ output shaft, is passed to the front end of Dual Drive rear axle assy 11 by transmission system, thus starts vehicle conventional arrangement of the first row walking system and travel.
The present invention uses above technical scheme, compared with existing high-pressure sewer flushing vehicle, without setting up assistant engine, only need the engine in situ utilizing high-pressure sewer flushing vehicle 1 as power source, high-pressure sewer flushing vehicle 1 can be driven to walk and operation non-interferencely, greatly reduce cost and operation oil consumption, decrease exhaust emissions, more energy-conserving and environment-protective, operation process is not affected by Vehicle Speed, it is effectively increased operating efficiency, and the setting of single engine, be conducive to improving the utilization rate in arrangement space, such that it is able to add the volume of water pitcher, be conducive to extending the washing and cleaning operation time.
Above description should not have any restriction to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a mechanical-hydraulic bimodulus drives high-pressure sewer flushing vehicle, including engine in situ, the first row walking system, low pressure waterway system and high pressure water circuit system, described the first row walking system includes the conventional arrangement of gearbox of vehicle, transmission system and Dual Drive rear axle assy, described transmission input shaft is connected with engine in situ output shaft, output shaft of gear-box is connected with Dual Drive rear axle assy by transmission system, it is characterized in that: it also includes controller, power takeoff, Variable plunger pump, drive motor, rear-guard clutch, low-pressure pump clutch and high-pressure water pump clutch, described power takeoff power shaft is connected with engine in situ output shaft, power takeoff output shaft includes walk output shaft and operation output shaft；Described walking output shaft is provided with adpting flange and is connected with Variable plunger pump input, variable piston pump output terminal is connected with driving motor by hydraulic plumbing system, the power transmission shaft driving motor to be provided with Dual Drive rear axle assy rear end by rear-guard clutch is connected, and forms the second running gear；Low-pressure pump belt pulley and high-pressure hydraulic pump belt pulley it is coaxially provided with on described operation output shaft, low-pressure pump belt pulley is connected with low-pressure pump clutch by low-pressure pump belt, low-pressure pump clutch is connected with the low-pressure pump of low pressure waterway system, high-pressure hydraulic pump belt pulley is connected with high-pressure water pump clutch by high-pressure hydraulic pump belt, and high-pressure water pump clutch is connected with the high-pressure hydraulic pump of high pressure water circuit system；Described controller is connected with engine in situ, power takeoff, Variable plunger pump, rear-guard clutch, low-pressure pump clutch and high-pressure water pump clutch respectively.
A kind of mechanical-hydraulic bimodulus the most according to claim 1 drives high-pressure sewer flushing vehicle, it is characterized in that: described controller includes Operation control module, Throttle Opening Control module and travelling control module, described travelling control module is connected with power takeoff, rear-guard clutch and Variable plunger pump respectively, Throttle Opening Control module is connected with engine in situ, and Operation control module is connected with low-pressure pump clutch and high-pressure water pump clutch respectively.
3. drive high-pressure sewer flushing vehicle according to a kind of mechanical-hydraulic bimodulus described in claims 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: described power takeoff and rear-guard clutch are arranged for linkage.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610325534.0A CN105857065A (en) | 2016-05-16 | 2016-05-16 | Mechanical-hydraulic dual-mode drive high-pressure washing vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610325534.0A CN105857065A (en) | 2016-05-16 | 2016-05-16 | Mechanical-hydraulic dual-mode drive high-pressure washing vehicle |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105857065A true CN105857065A (en) | 2016-08-17 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610325534.0A Pending CN105857065A (en) | 2016-05-16 | 2016-05-16 | Mechanical-hydraulic dual-mode drive high-pressure washing vehicle |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107160999A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-09-15 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | A kind of Special vehicle chassis and control method for vehicle of hybrid transmission system |
| CN107554290A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2018-01-09 | 福建龙马环卫装备股份有限公司 | A kind of cleaning vehicle of monomotor drive hydraulic system principle |
| CN108284737A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-07-17 | 吉林大学 | A kind of hydraulic hybrid power system for road sweeper |
| CN108825733A (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2018-11-16 | 北京环卫集团环卫装备有限公司 | Sweeper |
| CN109318708A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-02-12 | 福建龙马环卫装备股份有限公司 | It is a kind of to clean automobile-used double water pump driving mechanism and cleaning vehicle |
| CN111979961A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-24 | 长沙中联重科环境产业有限公司 | Control method and system for double-water-pump washing and sweeping vehicle |
| CN114368282A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-04-19 | 徐州徐工环境技术有限公司 | Wall washs car walking control system |
| CN114766998A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-07-22 | 徐州徐工环境技术有限公司 | Single-engine wall surface cleaning vehicle |
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| CN105564227A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-05-11 | 陕西重型汽车有限公司 | Sandwich mechanical hydraulic compound transmission case, and road maintenance truck power control method |
| CN205632109U (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-10-12 | 福建龙马环卫装备股份有限公司 | Machinery hydraulic pressure bimodulus drive high -pressure sewer flushing vehicle |
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| JPH08120635A (en) * | 1994-08-29 | 1996-05-14 | Shin Meiwa Ind Co Ltd | Liquid sprinkler for liquid sprinkling car |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107160999A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-09-15 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | A kind of Special vehicle chassis and control method for vehicle of hybrid transmission system |
| CN107160999B (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2023-07-07 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | Special vehicle chassis of hybrid power transmission system and vehicle control method |
| CN107554290A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2018-01-09 | 福建龙马环卫装备股份有限公司 | A kind of cleaning vehicle of monomotor drive hydraulic system principle |
| CN108284737A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-07-17 | 吉林大学 | A kind of hydraulic hybrid power system for road sweeper |
| CN108825733A (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2018-11-16 | 北京环卫集团环卫装备有限公司 | Sweeper |
| CN109318708A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-02-12 | 福建龙马环卫装备股份有限公司 | It is a kind of to clean automobile-used double water pump driving mechanism and cleaning vehicle |
| CN111979961A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-24 | 长沙中联重科环境产业有限公司 | Control method and system for double-water-pump washing and sweeping vehicle |
| CN114368282A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-04-19 | 徐州徐工环境技术有限公司 | Wall washs car walking control system |
| CN114766998A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-07-22 | 徐州徐工环境技术有限公司 | Single-engine wall surface cleaning vehicle |
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Application publication date: 20160817 |