CN105855791A - Friction extrusion strengthening method of structural member connecting hole - Google Patents
Friction extrusion strengthening method of structural member connecting hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN105855791A CN105855791A CN201510026828.9A CN201510026828A CN105855791A CN 105855791 A CN105855791 A CN 105855791A CN 201510026828 A CN201510026828 A CN 201510026828A CN 105855791 A CN105855791 A CN 105855791A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a friction extrusion strengthening method of a structural member connecting hole, and belongs to the technical field of machining. The method comprises: using a friction extrusion head as a friction extrusion strengthening tool, under the condition of maintaining 0.02-1 mm extruding magnitude of interference between the friction extrusion head and a connecting hole, rotating the friction extrusion head and inserting into the connecting hole on a structural member in uniform speed, and stopping rotation for 2-5 s, and then pulling the friction extrusion head out; the rotation speed of the friction extrusion head being 100-1000 rpm, insertion speed being 0.1-2 mm/s, and pulling-out speed being 0.3-2 mm/s. In the above process, residual compressive stress is formed on neighborhood of the wall surface of the hole, and plastic flow occurs to the material near the wall surface of the hole, and the material has lattice distortion, and dislocation density is increased, so as to realize friction extrusion strengthening on the structural member connecting hole. The method is mainly used in strengthening of important structural member connecting holes in aviation, aerospace, trains, and ships, and other industries.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Machining Technology field, be specifically related to the friction and Extrusion strengthening of a kind of structural member connecting hole
Method, is mainly used in the strengthening of important feature part connecting hole in the industry such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, train and boats and ships.
Background technology
In the last few years, the accident that aircraft is damaged because breaking down happens occasionally, the life of serious threat to people
Safety.In the various faults of aircraft, body injury has accounted for more than the 30% of total failare quantity.Therefore,
The entire life of aircraft depends mainly on organism life-span.Fatigue rupture is the most former of airframe disablement
Cause, wherein 75～80% fatigue rupture occur at the connecting portion of housing construction.Aircraft structure uses at present
Main connection means remain mechanical connection, about 150～2,000,000 connectors on a frame large aircraft,
Only solve the connection Fatigue Life Problems of aircraft structure, the high life of guarantee aircraft, and then ensure to fly
The safety of machine use and economy.In addition to aviation field, the field such as space flight, train and boats and ships is also faced with
Same problem.
In general, technological factor ensures that attachment structure has the determiner of high life often, including connecting
The dimensional accuracy in hole and surface quality.On the premise of dimensional accuracy is guaranteed, the surface quality of connecting hole is
Affect the principal element of connector fatigue life.The surface quality in hole includes surface roughness, surface microhardness
With hardness, flow harden and depth of residual stress etc..In the course of processing, even if machining accuracy is the highest, cutter
Tool also federation's inner surface in hole leaves revolution mark, and the rugged ripple that these tool marks are formed can reduce
The intensity of structural connection.Additionally, for the wallboard of Aeronautics and Astronautics aluminium alloy and titanium alloy etc materials,
Processing generally by rolling mill practice, material internal is dispersed with uniform longitudinal streamline, if at wallboard table
Face processing circular hole, the most inevitably cuts off material streamline, and the edge in hole forms weak area, is on active service in structure
During, crack initiation, extension, even recurring structure fracture the most in this place.Accordingly, it would be desirable to significant points
Structural member connecting hole carries out efficient hardening.
At present, the main reinforcement technique of structural member connecting hole have cold extrusion reinforcement technique, mechanic shot peening reinforcement technique,
Interference engagement interconnection technique and finish rolling hardening technology.Wherein, cold extrusion and mechanic shot peening are the most extensively
Effective two kinds of reinforcement techniques for Anti-Fatigue fracture design.
Cold extrusion strengthening can be divided into mandrel cold extruding and slotted liner bushing cold extrusion.Traditional cold-extrusion technology uses
Interference plug directly extrudes hole wall, although technique is simple, but can cause nose end flange, and major injury hole table
Face.Slotted liner bushing cold extrusion reinforcement technique overcomes the deficiency of conventional art, and it adds between hole wall and plug
One lining cracked, extrudes lining with plug, and hole wall is extruded by lining again, thus it is straight to overcome plug
Connect the hole wall that causes of extruding axially to abrade and the disadvantage of angle of spot hole projection, successfully should obtain on various structures
With, it is one of state-of-the-art hole reinforcement technique in currently manufactured industry.But slotted liner bushing extrusion process is relative complex,
Strengthening all needs to consume a slotted liner bushing every time, and cracks at strengthening back bush and locate to be tensile stress state, can promote
Enter germinating and the extension of crackle.Additionally, after slotted liner bushing cold extrusion, one wire boss can be left at hole wall,
Need to through ream guarantee wall surface of the hole mechanical requirements, but ream to hole week residual stress distribution can produce bigger
Impact.Mechanic shot peening reinforcement process is complicated, aperture hour, it is difficult to strengthens the inner surface in hole, and is grasped
Making space to limit, the connecting hole of a lot of key positions cannot obtain efficient hardening.Especially for reduced size
For connecting hole, cold extrusion is the most highly difficult with mechanic shot peening, and strengthening effect is the most undesirable.
Finish rolling hardening is also a kind of conventional hole reinforcement technique, according to the difference of rolling component shape, can be divided into
Ball-type, roller type and roller.Generally roller type stitching simple in construction, it is easy to manufacture, rigidity is preferable,
Distortion in rolling region and rolling power are the biggest, but this stitching is appropriate only for rolling larger-diameter hole；And
Ball-type and roller roll, and both deformed regions are less, apply in general to the hole of medium-small diameter, but its phase
Answer the most complicated of stitching.
Along with development and the development of through engineering approaches application of superpower laser, reiforcing laser impact technology is with it
The advantages such as pollution-free, easy to control, strengthening effect is notable have huge application prospect.In airplane design manufactures,
Reiforcing laser impact technology, by the reliability in improving Anti-Fatigue performance, life cycle management, especially exists
The strengthening aspect of aperture, plays irreplaceable effect.But, laser impact intensified technical costs is the highest,
And complex process, at present, it is only used as supplementing of other reinforcement technique.
To sum up, existing hole reinforcement technique also exist strengthening effect is undesirable, complex operation, efficiency are low, be suitable for
Narrow range and high in cost of production problem.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned weak point present in the reinforcement technique of existing hole, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of knot
The friction and Extrusion intensifying method of component connecting hole, the method be possible not only to strengthen the germinating of hole periphery material anti-crack with
The ability of extension；And the wall cut produced when can eliminate boring, improve the wall quality in hole.The present invention
Simple to operate, efficiency is high, applied widely, low cost.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
The friction and Extrusion intensifying method of a kind of structural member connecting hole, the method is to squeeze using friction and Extrusion head as friction
Pressure chemical industry has, under conditions of keeping 0.02～1mm crushed increscence amount between friction and Extrusion head and connecting hole, and will
On the rotation of friction and Extrusion head at the uniform velocity insert structure part in connecting hole, extract after the most static rotation 2～5s；Its
In: the rotary speed of friction and Extrusion head is 100～1000rpm, the insertion speed in connecting hole on insert structure part
Being 0.1～2mm/s, the speed extracted in connecting hole is 0.3～2mm/s；In said process near wall surface of the hole
Form residual compressive stress, simultaneously the material generation Plastic Flow near wall surface of the hole, and produce distortion of lattice, dislocation
Density increases, thus realizes the friction and Extrusion to structural member connecting hole and strengthen.
In the method, friction and Extrusion head used includes that cylindrical section and round platform end, cylindrical section with the junction of round platform end are
Seamlessly transit.
The method specifically includes following steps:
(1) location centering: by friction and Extrusion head be directed at connecting hole, it is ensured that the axis of friction and Extrusion head be connected
The dead in line in hole.
(2) it is rotatably inserted into: friction and Extrusion head is rotated with the speed set, then the friction and Extrusion that will be rotating
Head inserts in hole along the axis direction of connecting hole.
(3) static rotation: when (referring to be all that friction is squeezed in connecting hole in the fully-inserted connecting hole of friction and Extrusion
During the cylindrical section of pressure head), stop inserting, and keep friction and Extrusion head to continue static rotation required time；Described
Static rotation refers to that friction and Extrusion head only makees the rotary motion around its axis.
(4) rotation is extracted: extracted in hole along the axis direction in hole by the friction and Extrusion head being rotating.
In above-mentioned strengthening process, described crushed increscence amount refers between cylindrical section and the connecting hole of friction and Extrusion head
The radius magnitude of interference, i.e. the one side magnitude of interference.
The material of described structural member connection hole be aluminum, aluminium alloy, magnesium, magnesium alloy, copper, copper alloy, titanium,
Titanium alloy, high temperature alloy, carbon structural steels, structural alloy steel, superhigh intensity steel or stainless steel.
Described connecting hole size before intensive treatment is: aperture 3～100mm, the degree of depth 1～30mm；Friction
The length of extrusion head cylindrical section should be greater than the degree of depth of connecting hole.
The hardness of described friction and Extrusion head should be greater than the hardness of connection hole material, the rough surface of friction and Extrusion head
Degree Ra≤0.2 μm.
The present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
1, the present invention is the friction and Extrusion intensifying method of structural member connecting hole, and the method is to make with friction and Extrusion head
Strengthen instrument for friction and Extrusion, between friction and Extrusion head and connecting hole, keep the bar of 0.02～1mm crushed increscence amount
Under part, friction and Extrusion head is rotated and at the uniform velocity in connecting hole, it is carried out friction and Extrusion strengthening on insert structure part；
During Gai, under the squeezing action of friction and Extrusion head, wall surface of the hole be formed about residual compressive stress, under arms bar
Part tension can be offset under part, improve the ambient stress around hole.Spin friction at friction and Extrusion head is made
Under with, the material generation Plastic Flow near wall surface of the hole, and produce distortion of lattice, dislocation density increases.Above
Two aspects act on the ability enhancing hole periphery material anti-crack germinating with extension jointly.
2, the wall cut that in the present invention, the spin friction effect of friction and Extrusion head produces when can also eliminate boring,
Improve the wall quality in hole.
3, the present invention is by controlling friction and Extrusion head rotating speed, insertion speed, static rotational time and extracting speed,
And match with suitable crushed increscence amount (0.02～1mm), the temperature of connecting hole near wall material can be made
Degree reaches 50～100 DEG C, so that material produces a certain degree of softening, with cold extrusion hardening constituent ratio, friction
The downforce needed when extrusion head inserts is less, and the energy of consumption is less, and cost is lower.
4, in intensifying method of the present invention, friction and Extrusion head may be mounted at and uses on general machine tool chief axis；Also
It can be industrial conventional robot arm.Therefore, compared with the reinforcement technique of existing hole, the method is more
Flexibly, its scope of application is wider.
5, intensifying method of the present invention need not extra auxiliary appliance, as needed lining when cold extrusion is strengthened, and
And operating procedure is simple, efficiency is high, it is adaptable to the strengthening of various metals material hole.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the ultimate principle of the friction and Extrusion intensifying method of present configuration part connecting hole；Wherein: (a) is strong
Before change；B () is rotatably inserted into and static rotation；C () rotates and extracts.
Fig. 2 is the friction and Extrusion header structure schematic diagram that the present invention uses.
Fig. 3 is the contrast photo of connecting hole before and after friction and Extrusion is strengthened；Wherein: before (a) strengthening；B () strengthens
After.
Fig. 4 is to connect the residual stress distribution around hole wall after friction and Extrusion is strengthened；Wherein: (b) is (a)
The residual stress distribution situation of middle region A.
In figure: 1-connecting hole；2-friction and Extrusion head；21-round platform end；22-cylindrical section；3-structural member motherboard.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The present invention is the friction and Extrusion intensifying method of structural member connecting hole, the method be using friction and Extrusion 2 as
Friction and Extrusion strengthening instrument operates, and friction and Extrusion 2 used is cylindric instrument, including cylindrical section 22
With round platform end 21, the junction of cylindrical section 22 and round platform end 21 is for seamlessly transitting, as shown in Figure 2.
Friction and Extrusion intensifying method principle such as Fig. 1 (a)-(c) of the present invention, structural member motherboard 3 has connection
Hole 1, under conditions of keeping 0.02～1mm crushed increscence amount, will rub between friction and Extrusion 2 and connecting hole 1
On wiping extrusion head 2 rotation at the uniform velocity insert structure part in connecting hole 1, extract after the most static rotation 2～5s；
Wherein: the rotary speed of friction and Extrusion 2 is 100～1000rpm, inserting in connecting hole 1 on insert structure part
Entering speed is 0.1～2mm/s, and the speed extracted in connecting hole 1 is 0.3～2mm/s；Through above-mentioned intensive treatment
After, on the one hand, under the squeezing action of friction and Extrusion 2, connecting hole 1 near wall forms residual compressive stress,
Part tension can be offset under the conditions of under arms, improve the ambient stress around connecting hole 1；On the other hand,
Under the spin friction effect of friction and Extrusion 2, the material generation Plastic Flow of hole 1 near wall, and produce
Distortion of lattice, dislocation density increases.Above two aspects jointly act on and enhance connecting hole 1 periphery material anti-crack
Germinating and the ability extended.Additionally, the spin friction effect of friction and Extrusion 2 is produced when can also eliminate boring 1
Raw wall cut, improves the wall quality of connecting hole 1.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is that the connecting hole on aluminum alloy junction component is carried out friction and Extrusion intensive treatment, wherein, motherboard
For the 7B04 aluminium alloy sheet that 2mm is thick, connecting hole strengthening front aperture is 5.6mm.Friction and Extrusion head material
Select In718 alloy, its hardness number much larger than the hardness of 7B04 aluminium alloy, friction and Extrusion head cylindrical section straight
Footpath is 6mm, a length of 5mm of cylindrical section, and the surface roughness Ra value of friction and Extrusion head is 0.2 μm, one side
Crushed increscence amount is 0.2mm.Concrete intensive treatment process is as follows:
Step one: location centering.Friction and Extrusion head is directed at connecting hole, it is ensured that the axis of friction and Extrusion head and company
Connect the dead in line in hole.
Step 2: be rotatably inserted into.Friction and Extrusion head is rotated with the rotating speed of 100rpm, then by rubbing of being rotating
Wipe extrusion head and insert connecting hole with 0.5mm/s speed.
Step 3: static rotation.When the fully extended connecting hole of round platform end of friction and Extrusion head, stop inserting,
And keep friction and Extrusion head to continue the rotating speed static rotation 2s with 100rpm.
Step 4: rotate and extract.Friction and Extrusion head is extracted in connecting hole with 0.5mm/s speed.
In the present embodiment, crushed increscence amount, friction and Extrusion head rotating speed, insertion speed, static rotational time and
Extract speed to match the temperature of connecting hole 1 near wall material can be made to reach about 70 DEG C.
It is the contrast photo of connecting hole before and after friction and Extrusion is strengthened shown in Fig. 3, from the figure, it can be seen that at strengthening
After reason, the wall in hole is the brightest and the cleanest, and wall quality is more preferable.
On structural member, connecting hole is before intensive treatment, does not have stress around hole wall, and it is carried out by the present embodiment
Residual stress occur around hole wall after friction and Extrusion strengthening, distribution situation is as shown in Figure 4.It will be seen that hole wall
Near most areas be residual compressive stress, under arms under the conditions of can offset part tension, thus improve
Ambient stress around hole, strengthens the ability of the germinating of its anti-crack and extension, improves the service life in hole.
Claims (8)
1. the friction and Extrusion intensifying method of a structural member connecting hole, it is characterised in that: the method is with friction
Extrusion head strengthens instrument as friction and Extrusion, keeps 0.02～1mm to extrude between friction and Extrusion head and connecting hole
Under conditions of the amount of being full of, friction and Extrusion head is rotated and at the uniform velocity on insert structure part in connecting hole, the most static rotation
Extract after 2～5s；Wherein: the rotary speed of friction and Extrusion head is 100～1000rpm, insert structure part connects
Insertion speed in hole is 0.1～2mm/s, and the speed extracted in connecting hole is 0.3～2mm/s.
The friction and Extrusion intensifying method of structural member connecting hole the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described friction and Extrusion head includes cylindrical section and round platform end, and the junction of cylindrical section and round platform end is for seamlessly transitting.
The friction and Extrusion intensifying method of structural member connecting hole the most according to claim 1 and 2, its feature
It is: the method specifically includes following steps:
(1) location centering: by friction and Extrusion head be directed at connecting hole, it is ensured that the axis of friction and Extrusion head be connected
The dead in line in hole；
(2) it is rotatably inserted into: friction and Extrusion head is rotated with the speed set, then the friction and Extrusion that will be rotating
Head inserts in hole along the axis direction of connecting hole；
(3) static rotation: when in the fully-inserted connecting hole of friction and Extrusion, stops inserting, and keeps rubbing
Wipe extrusion head and continue static rotation required time；
(4) rotation is extracted: extracted in hole along the axis direction in hole by the friction and Extrusion head being rotating.
The friction and Extrusion intensifying method of structural member connecting hole the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:
Described crushed increscence amount refers to the radius magnitude of interference between cylindrical section and the connecting hole of friction and Extrusion head, i.e. one side mistake
The amount of being full of.
The friction and Extrusion intensifying method of structural member connecting hole the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The material of described structural member connection hole is aluminum, aluminium alloy, magnesium, magnesium alloy, copper, copper alloy, titanium, titanium conjunction
Gold, high temperature alloy, carbon structural steels, structural alloy steel, superhigh intensity steel or stainless steel.
The friction and Extrusion intensifying method of structural member connecting hole the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:
Described connecting hole size before intensive treatment is: aperture 3～100mm, the degree of depth 1～30mm.
The friction and Extrusion intensifying method of structural member connecting hole the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:
The length of friction and Extrusion head cylindrical section should be greater than the degree of depth of connecting hole.
The friction and Extrusion intensifying method of structural member connecting hole the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The hardness of described friction and Extrusion head should be greater than the hardness of connection hole material, friction and Extrusion head surface roughness
Ra≤0.2μm。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510026828.9A CN105855791B (en) | 2015-01-19 | 2015-01-19 | A kind of friction and Extrusion intensifying method of structural member connecting hole |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510026828.9A CN105855791B (en) | 2015-01-19 | 2015-01-19 | A kind of friction and Extrusion intensifying method of structural member connecting hole |
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| CN105855791A true CN105855791A (en) | 2016-08-17 |
| CN105855791B CN105855791B (en) | 2018-12-25 |
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| CN201510026828.9A Expired - Fee Related CN105855791B (en) | 2015-01-19 | 2015-01-19 | A kind of friction and Extrusion intensifying method of structural member connecting hole |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109822926A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-05-31 | 浙江众泰汽车制造有限公司 | CFRP/ metallic composite connection structure and its processing tool and processing method |
| CN110170739A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-08-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of structure hole based on agitating friction connection remanufactures and intensifying method |
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| CN110170739B (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2021-01-26 | 南京航空航天大学 | Structural hole remanufacturing and reinforcing method based on friction stir connection |
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