CN105855791A - Friction extrusion strengthening method of structural member connecting hole - Google Patents
Friction extrusion strengthening method of structural member connecting hole Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种结构件连接孔的摩擦挤压强化方法，属于机械加工技术领域。该方法是以摩擦挤压头作为摩擦挤压强化工具，在摩擦挤压头与连接孔间保持0.02～1mm挤压过盈量的条件下，将摩擦挤压头旋转并匀速插入结构件上连接孔内，然后静止旋转2～5s后拔出；摩擦挤压头的旋转速度为100～1000rpm，插入速度为0.1～2mm/s，拔出速度为0.3～2mm/s；上述过程中在孔壁面附近形成残余压应力，同时孔壁面附近的材料发生塑性流动，并产生晶格畸变，位错密度增加，从而实现对结构件连接孔的摩擦挤压强化。本发明主要用于航空、航天、列车及船舶等工业中重要结构件连接孔的强化。The invention discloses a friction extrusion strengthening method for connecting holes of structural parts, which belongs to the technical field of mechanical processing. In this method, the friction extrusion head is used as a friction extrusion strengthening tool, and the friction extrusion head is rotated and inserted into the structural member at a uniform speed under the condition of maintaining an extrusion interference of 0.02-1mm between the friction extrusion head and the connecting hole. In the hole, then rotate for 2 to 5 seconds and then pull it out; the rotation speed of the friction extrusion head is 100 to 1000rpm, the insertion speed is 0.1 to 2mm/s, and the extraction speed is 0.3 to 2mm/s; Residual compressive stress is formed nearby, and at the same time, the material near the wall of the hole undergoes plastic flow, and lattice distortion occurs, and the dislocation density increases, thereby realizing the frictional extrusion strengthening of the connecting hole of the structural member. The invention is mainly used for strengthening the connection holes of important structural parts in industries such as aviation, aerospace, trains and ships.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于机械加工技术领域，具体涉及一种结构件连接孔的摩擦挤压强化方法，主要用于航空、航天、列车及船舶等工业中重要结构件连接孔的强化。The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical processing, and in particular relates to a friction extrusion strengthening method for connecting holes of structural parts, which is mainly used for strengthening connecting holes of important structural parts in industries such as aviation, aerospace, trains and ships.
背景技术Background technique
近些年来，飞机因发生故障而损毁的事故时有发生，严重威胁到人们的生命安全。在飞机的各种故障中，机体损伤已占到总故障数量的30％以上。因此，飞机的总寿命主要决定于机体寿命。疲劳破坏是飞机机体丧失工作能力的根本原因，其中75～80％的疲劳破坏发生在机体结构的连接部位。目前飞机结构件采用的主要连接手段仍然是机械连接，一架大型飞机上大约有150～200万个连接件，只有解决飞机结构件的连接疲劳寿命问题，才能保证飞机的高寿命，进而保证飞机使用的安全性和经济性。除了航空领域外，航天、列车及船舶等领域也面临着同样的问题。In recent years, accidents of aircraft being damaged due to malfunctions have occurred frequently, seriously threatening people's lives. Among the various failures of aircraft, airframe damage has accounted for more than 30% of the total failures. Therefore, the total life of the aircraft is mainly determined by the life of the airframe. Fatigue damage is the root cause of the loss of working ability of the aircraft body, and 75-80% of the fatigue damage occurs in the connecting parts of the body structure. At present, the main connection method used in aircraft structural parts is still mechanical connection. There are about 1.5 to 2 million connecting parts on a large aircraft. Safe and economical to use. In addition to the aviation field, the fields of aerospace, trains and ships are also facing the same problem.
一般来说，工艺因素往往是保证连接结构具有高寿命的决定因素，包括连接孔的尺寸精度与表面质量。在尺寸精度得到保证的前提下，连接孔的表面质量是影响连接件疲劳寿命的主要因素。孔的表面质量包括表面粗糙度、表面显微组织与硬度、冷作硬化及残余应力层深度等。在加工过程中，即使加工精度很高，刀具也总会在孔的内表面留下切削痕迹，这些刀痕所形成的高低不平的波纹会降低结构连接件的强度。此外，对于航空、航天铝合金及钛合金等材料的壁板而言，一般是通过轧制工艺加工而成，材料内部分布着均匀的纵向流线，如果在壁板表面加工圆孔，就不可避免地切断材料流线，孔的边缘形成薄弱地带，在结构服役过程中，易在该处萌生裂纹、扩展、甚至发生结构断裂。因此，需要对重要部位结构件连接孔进行有效强化。Generally speaking, process factors are often the decisive factors to ensure the high life of the connection structure, including the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the connection hole. Under the premise that the dimensional accuracy is guaranteed, the surface quality of the connection hole is the main factor affecting the fatigue life of the connection. The surface quality of holes includes surface roughness, surface microstructure and hardness, cold work hardening and depth of residual stress layer, etc. During the machining process, even if the machining accuracy is very high, the tool will always leave cutting marks on the inner surface of the hole, and the uneven corrugations formed by these tool marks will reduce the strength of the structural connection. In addition, for the siding of aviation, aerospace aluminum alloy and titanium alloy and other materials, it is generally processed by rolling process, and there are uniform longitudinal flow lines inside the material. If round holes are processed on the surface of the siding, it will not be possible. Avoid cutting off the material flow line, and the edge of the hole forms a weak zone. During the service process of the structure, it is easy to initiate cracks, expand, and even break the structure. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively strengthen the connecting holes of important parts of the structure.
目前，结构件连接孔的主要强化技术有冷挤压强化技术、机械喷丸强化技术、干涉配合连接技术及滚压强化技术。其中，冷挤压和机械喷丸是目前国内外广泛用于结构抗疲劳断裂设计的行之有效的两种强化技术。At present, the main strengthening technologies for connecting holes of structural parts include cold extrusion strengthening technology, mechanical shot peening strengthening technology, interference fit connection technology and rolling strengthening technology. Among them, cold extrusion and mechanical shot peening are two effective strengthening techniques that are widely used in the design of structural anti-fatigue fracture at home and abroad.
冷挤压强化可以分为芯棒冷挤压和开缝衬套冷挤压。传统的冷挤压工艺使用过盈芯棒直接挤压孔壁，虽然工艺简单，但是会造成孔端翻边，并严重损伤孔表面。开缝衬套冷挤压强化技术克服了传统技术的不足，其在孔壁与芯棒间增加了一个开缝的衬套，用芯棒挤压衬套，衬套再对孔壁进行挤压，从而克服了芯棒直接挤压造成的孔壁轴向擦伤及孔角突起的弊病，已在多种结构上得到了成功应用，是目前制造业中最先进的孔强化技术之一。然而开缝衬套挤压工艺相对复杂，每次强化都需消耗一个开缝衬套，而且在强化后衬套开缝处为拉应力状态，会促进裂纹的萌生与扩展。此外，经开缝衬套冷挤压后，在孔壁会留下一道线状凸台，需经铰孔才能保证孔壁面的机械要求，但铰削对孔周的残余应力分布会产生较大的影响。机械喷丸强化工艺复杂，孔径小时，难以对孔的内表面强化，而且受操作空间限制，很多关键部位的连接孔无法得到有效强化。特别是对于较小尺寸的连接孔来说，冷挤压与机械喷丸都很困难，强化效果也不理想。Cold extrusion strengthening can be divided into mandrel cold extrusion and slotted bush cold extrusion. The traditional cold extrusion process uses an interference mandrel to directly extrude the hole wall. Although the process is simple, it will cause the hole end to flang and seriously damage the hole surface. The slotted bushing cold extrusion strengthening technology overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional technology. It adds a slotted bushing between the hole wall and the mandrel, extrudes the bushing with the mandrel, and the bushing then squeezes the hole wall , so as to overcome the disadvantages of axial abrasion of the hole wall and protrusion of the hole corner caused by the direct extrusion of the mandrel, and has been successfully applied in various structures. It is one of the most advanced hole strengthening technologies in the current manufacturing industry. However, the extrusion process of the slotted liner is relatively complicated, and one slotted liner needs to be consumed every time it is strengthened, and the slot of the liner after strengthening is in a state of tensile stress, which will promote the initiation and propagation of cracks. In addition, after the slotted bush is cold-extruded, a linear boss will be left on the hole wall, which needs to be reamed to ensure the mechanical requirements of the hole wall, but reaming will cause a large residual stress distribution around the hole. Impact. The mechanical shot peening process is complex, the hole diameter is small, it is difficult to strengthen the inner surface of the hole, and due to the limitation of the operating space, the connection holes in many key parts cannot be effectively strengthened. Especially for smaller-sized connection holes, cold extrusion and mechanical shot peening are difficult, and the strengthening effect is not ideal.
滚压强化也是一种常用的孔强化技术，根据滚压元件形状的不同，可以分为滚珠式、滚轮式和滚柱式。通常滚轮式滚压器结构简单，易于制造，刚性较好，滚压变形区域及滚压力均较大，然而这种滚压器仅适合于滚压较大直径的孔；而滚珠式与滚柱式滚压，两者变形区域较小，一般适用于中小直径的孔，然而其相应滚压器的结构和操作也更加复杂。Rolling strengthening is also a commonly used hole strengthening technology. According to the shape of rolling elements, it can be divided into ball type, roller type and roller type. Generally, the roller roller has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, has good rigidity, and has a large rolling deformation area and rolling force. However, this roller is only suitable for rolling holes with larger diameters; while the ball and roller Type rolling, the deformation area of the two is small, generally suitable for small and medium diameter holes, but the structure and operation of the corresponding roller are more complicated.
随着高功率激光器的研制和工程化应用的不断发展，激光冲击强化技术以它无污染、易控制、强化效果显著等优点有着巨大的应用前景。在飞机设计制造中，激光冲击强化技术将在提高结构抗疲劳性能、全寿命周期中的可靠性，尤其是在小孔的强化方面，发挥不可替代的作用。然而，激光冲击强化的技术成本太高，而且工艺复杂，目前，仅作为其它强化技术的补充。With the development of high-power lasers and the continuous development of engineering applications, laser shock peening technology has great application prospects due to its advantages of no pollution, easy control, and significant strengthening effects. In the design and manufacture of aircraft, laser shock strengthening technology will play an irreplaceable role in improving structural fatigue resistance and reliability in the whole life cycle, especially in the strengthening of small holes. However, the technical cost of laser shock strengthening is too high and the process is complicated. At present, it is only used as a supplement to other strengthening technologies.
综上，现有的孔强化技术存在着强化效果不理想、操作繁琐、效率低、适用范围窄及成本高等问题。In summary, the existing pore strengthening technology has problems such as unsatisfactory strengthening effect, cumbersome operation, low efficiency, narrow application range and high cost.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有孔强化技术中存在的上述不足之处，本发明的目的在于提供一种结构件连接孔的摩擦挤压强化方法，该方法不仅可以增强孔周边材料抗裂纹萌生与扩展的能力；而且能够消除钻孔时产生的壁面划痕，提高孔的壁面质量。本发明操作简单，效率高，适用范围广，成本低。In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the existing hole strengthening technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a friction extrusion strengthening method for connecting holes of structural parts, which can not only enhance the ability of the material around the hole to resist crack initiation and propagation; and It can eliminate wall surface scratches generated during drilling and improve the wall surface quality of the hole. The invention has the advantages of simple operation, high efficiency, wide application range and low cost.
为实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案如下：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:
一种结构件连接孔的摩擦挤压强化方法，该方法是以摩擦挤压头作为摩擦挤压强化工具，在摩擦挤压头与连接孔间保持0.02～1mm挤压过盈量的条件下，将摩擦挤压头旋转并匀速插入结构件上连接孔内，然后静止旋转2～5s后拔出；其中：摩擦挤压头的旋转速度为100～1000rpm，插入结构件上连接孔内的插入速度为0.1～2mm/s，从连接孔内拔出的速度为0.3～2mm/s；上述过程中在孔壁面附近形成残余压应力，同时孔壁面附近的材料发生塑性流动，并产生晶格畸变，位错密度增加，从而实现对结构件连接孔的摩擦挤压强化。A friction extrusion strengthening method for a connection hole of a structural part, the method uses a friction extrusion head as a friction extrusion strengthening tool, and under the condition of maintaining an extrusion interference of 0.02 to 1 mm between the friction extrusion head and the connection hole, Rotate the friction extrusion head and insert it into the connection hole on the structural part at a constant speed, and then pull it out after rotating for 2 to 5 seconds; wherein: the rotation speed of the friction extrusion head is 100 to 1000rpm, and the insertion speed into the connection hole on the structural part The speed of pulling out from the connection hole is 0.1-2mm/s, and the speed of pulling out from the connecting hole is 0.3-2mm/s; in the above process, residual compressive stress is formed near the hole wall, and at the same time, the material near the hole wall undergoes plastic flow and lattice distortion. The dislocation density increases, thereby realizing the frictional extrusion strengthening of the connection holes of structural members.
该方法中所用摩擦挤压头包括圆柱段和圆台端，圆柱段与圆台端的连接处为平滑过渡。The friction extrusion head used in the method includes a cylindrical section and a conical end, and the connection between the cylindrical section and the conical end is a smooth transition.
该方法具体包括如下步骤：The method specifically includes the following steps:
(1)定位对中：将摩擦挤压头对准连接孔，保证摩擦挤压头的轴线与连接孔的轴线重合。(1) Positioning and centering: Align the friction extrusion head with the connection hole to ensure that the axis of the friction extrusion head coincides with the axis of the connection hole.
(2)旋转插入：将摩擦挤压头以设定的速度旋转，再将旋转着的摩擦挤压头沿连接孔的轴线方向插入孔内。(2) Rotation insertion: Rotate the friction extrusion head at a set speed, and then insert the rotating friction extrusion head into the hole along the axis direction of the connection hole.
(3)静止旋转：当摩擦挤压头完全插入连接孔内(指连接孔内都为摩擦挤压头的圆柱段时)，停止插入，并保持摩擦挤压头继续静止旋转所需时间；所述静止旋转是指摩擦挤压头仅作绕其轴线的旋转运动。(3) Static rotation: When the friction extrusion head is fully inserted into the connecting hole (referring to the cylindrical section of the friction extrusion head in the connection hole), stop inserting, and keep the time required for the friction extrusion head to continue to rotate statically; The stationary rotation means that the friction extrusion head only rotates around its axis.
(4)旋转拔出：将旋转着的摩擦挤压头沿孔的轴线方向从孔内拔出。(4) Pull out by rotation: Pull out the rotating friction extrusion head from the hole along the axis direction of the hole.
在上述强化过程中，所述挤压过盈量是指摩擦挤压头的圆柱段与连接孔之间的半径过盈量，即单面过盈量。In the above strengthening process, the extrusion interference refers to the radius interference between the cylindrical section of the friction extrusion head and the connection hole, that is, the single-sided interference.
所述结构件连接孔处的材料为铝、铝合金、镁、镁合金、铜、铜合金、钛、钛合金、高温合金、碳素结构钢、合金结构钢、超高强度钢或不锈钢。The material at the connecting hole of the structural member is aluminum, aluminum alloy, magnesium, magnesium alloy, copper, copper alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, high temperature alloy, carbon structural steel, alloy structural steel, ultra-high strength steel or stainless steel.
所述连接孔在强化处理前的尺寸为：孔径3～100mm，深度1～30mm；摩擦挤压头圆柱段的长度应大于连接孔的深度。The size of the connection hole before strengthening treatment is: diameter 3-100 mm, depth 1-30 mm; the length of the cylindrical section of the friction extrusion head should be greater than the depth of the connection hole.
所述摩擦挤压头的硬度应大于连接孔处材料的硬度，摩擦挤压头的表面粗糙度Ra≤0.2μm。The hardness of the friction extrusion head should be greater than the hardness of the material at the connection hole, and the surface roughness of the friction extrusion head is Ra≤0.2 μm.
本发明具有以下优点及有益效果：The present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1、本发明为结构件连接孔的摩擦挤压强化方法，该方法是以摩擦挤压头作为摩擦挤压强化工具，在摩擦挤压头与连接孔间保持0.02～1mm挤压过盈量的条件下，将摩擦挤压头旋转并匀速插入结构件上连接孔内对其进行摩擦挤压强化；该过程中，在摩擦挤压头的挤压作用下，孔壁面附近形成残余压应力，在服役条件下可以抵消部分拉应力，改善孔周围的应力环境。在摩擦挤压头的旋转摩擦作用下，孔壁面附近的材料发生塑性流动，并产生晶格畸变，位错密度增加。以上两方面共同作用增强了孔周边材料抗裂纹萌生与扩展的能力。1. The present invention is a friction extrusion strengthening method for connecting holes of structural parts. In this method, a friction extrusion head is used as a friction extrusion strengthening tool, and an extrusion interference of 0.02 to 1 mm is maintained between the friction extrusion head and the connection hole. Under the conditions, the friction extrusion head is rotated and inserted into the connecting hole on the structural member at a constant speed to perform friction extrusion strengthening; in this process, under the extrusion action of the friction extrusion head, residual compressive stress is formed near the hole wall, Under service conditions, part of the tensile stress can be offset to improve the stress environment around the hole. Under the rotating friction of the friction extrusion head, the material near the hole wall undergoes plastic flow, and lattice distortion occurs, and the dislocation density increases. The above two aspects work together to enhance the ability of the material around the hole to resist crack initiation and propagation.
2、本发明中摩擦挤压头的旋转摩擦作用还能够消除钻孔时产生的壁面划痕，提高孔的壁面质量。2. The rotary friction effect of the friction extrusion head in the present invention can also eliminate wall scratches generated during drilling and improve the wall surface quality of the hole.
3、本发明通过控制摩擦挤压头转速、插入速度、静止旋转时间及拔出速度，并与适当的挤压过盈量(0.02～1mm)相配合，可以使连接孔壁面附近材料的温度达到50～100℃，从而使材料产生一定程度的软化，与冷挤压强化相比，摩擦挤压头插入时需要的下压力更小，消耗的能量更少，成本更低。3. The present invention can make the temperature of the material near the wall surface of the connecting hole reach to 50-100°C, so that the material softens to a certain extent. Compared with cold extrusion strengthening, the frictional extrusion head requires less downforce when inserted, consumes less energy, and lowers the cost.
4、本发明强化方法中，摩擦挤压头可以安装在通用的机床主轴上使用；也可以是工业上常用的机器人手臂。因此，与现有的孔强化技术相比，该方法更加灵活，其适用范围更广。4. In the strengthening method of the present invention, the friction extrusion head can be installed on a common machine tool spindle; it can also be a robot arm commonly used in industry. Therefore, compared with the existing pore strengthening technology, this method is more flexible and its application range is wider.
5、本发明强化方法不需要额外的辅助器材，如冷挤压强化时需要衬套，而且操作步骤简单，效率高，适用于多种金属材料孔的强化。5. The strengthening method of the present invention does not require additional auxiliary equipment, such as bushings are needed for cold extrusion strengthening, and the operation steps are simple and efficient, and it is suitable for strengthening holes of various metal materials.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明结构件连接孔的摩擦挤压强化方法的基本原理；其中：(a)强化前；(b)旋转插入及静止旋转；(c)旋转拔出。Fig. 1 is the basic principle of the friction extrusion strengthening method of the connecting hole of the structural part of the present invention; wherein: (a) before strengthening; (b) rotating insertion and stationary rotation; (c) rotating extraction.
图2是本发明采用的摩擦挤压头结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the friction extrusion head used in the present invention.
图3是摩擦挤压强化前后连接孔的对比照片；其中：(a)强化前；(b)强化后。Figure 3 is a comparative photo of the connecting hole before and after friction extrusion strengthening; among them: (a) before strengthening; (b) after strengthening.
图4是摩擦挤压强化后连接孔壁周围的残余应力分布；其中：(b)为(a)中区域A的残余应力分布情况。Figure 4 shows the residual stress distribution around the connection hole wall after friction extrusion strengthening; where: (b) is the residual stress distribution of area A in (a).
图中：1-连接孔；2-摩擦挤压头；21-圆台端；22-圆柱段；3-结构件母板。In the figure: 1-connecting hole; 2-friction extrusion head; 21-round table end; 22-cylindrical section; 3-structural part mother plate.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
本发明为结构件连接孔的摩擦挤压强化方法，该方法是以摩擦挤压头2作为摩擦挤压强化工具进行操作，所用摩擦挤压头2为圆柱状工具，包括圆柱段22和圆台端21，圆柱段22与圆台端21的连接处为平滑过渡，如图2所示。The present invention is a friction extrusion strengthening method for connection holes of structural parts. The method operates with a friction extrusion head 2 as a friction extrusion strengthening tool. The friction extrusion head 2 used is a cylindrical tool, including a cylindrical section 22 and a circular end 21. The connection between the cylindrical section 22 and the conical end 21 is a smooth transition, as shown in FIG. 2 .
本发明摩擦挤压强化方法原理如图1(a)-(c)，结构件母板3上具有连接孔1，在摩擦挤压头2与连接孔1间保持0.02～1mm挤压过盈量的条件下，将摩擦挤压头2旋转并匀速插入结构件上连接孔1内，然后静止旋转2～5s后拔出；其中：摩擦挤压头2的旋转速度为100～1000rpm，插入结构件上连接孔1内的插入速度为0.1～2mm/s，从连接孔1内拔出的速度为0.3～2mm/s；经上述强化处理后，一方面，在摩擦挤压头2的挤压作用下，连接孔1壁面附近形成残余压应力，在服役条件下可以抵消部分拉应力，改善连接孔1周围的应力环境；另一方面，在摩擦挤压头2的旋转摩擦作用下，孔1壁面附近的材料发生塑性流动，并产生晶格畸变，位错密度增加。以上两方面共同作用增强了连接孔1周边材料抗裂纹萌生与扩展的能力。此外，摩擦挤压头2的旋转摩擦作用还能够消除钻孔1时产生的壁面划痕，提高连接孔1的壁面质量。The principle of the friction extrusion strengthening method of the present invention is shown in Fig. 1(a)-(c). There is a connecting hole 1 on the mother plate 3 of the structural part, and an extrusion interference of 0.02 to 1 mm is maintained between the friction extrusion head 2 and the connecting hole 1. Under certain conditions, rotate the friction extrusion head 2 and insert it into the connecting hole 1 on the structural member at a constant speed, and then pull it out after stationary rotation for 2 to 5 seconds; wherein: the rotational speed of the friction extrusion head 2 is 100 to 1000rpm, and the insertion of the structural member The insertion speed in the upper connecting hole 1 is 0.1-2mm/s, and the pulling-out speed from the connecting hole 1 is 0.3-2mm/s; Under the condition, the residual compressive stress is formed near the wall of the connecting hole 1, which can offset part of the tensile stress under service conditions and improve the stress environment around the connecting hole 1; The nearby material undergoes plastic flow, and lattice distortion occurs, and the dislocation density increases. The above two aspects work together to enhance the ability of the material around the connection hole 1 to resist crack initiation and propagation. In addition, the rotational friction effect of the friction extrusion head 2 can also eliminate the scratches on the wall surface generated when the hole 1 is drilled, and improve the wall surface quality of the connecting hole 1 .
实施例1Example 1
本实施例是对铝合金结构件上的连接孔进行摩擦挤压强化处理，其中，母板为2mm厚的7B04铝合金薄板，连接孔强化前孔径为5.6mm。摩擦挤压头材料选择In718合金，其硬度值远大于7B04铝合金的硬度，摩擦挤压头圆柱段的直径为6mm、圆柱段长度为5mm，摩擦挤压头的表面粗糙度Ra值为0.2μm，单面挤压过盈量为0.2mm。具体强化处理过程如下：In this embodiment, the connection hole on the aluminum alloy structure is strengthened by friction extrusion, wherein the mother plate is a 2mm thick 7B04 aluminum alloy sheet, and the diameter of the connection hole before strengthening is 5.6mm. The material of the friction extrusion head is In718 alloy, whose hardness value is much higher than that of 7B04 aluminum alloy. The diameter of the cylindrical section of the friction extrusion head is 6mm, the length of the cylindrical section is 5mm, and the surface roughness Ra value of the friction extrusion head is 0.2μm , The single-sided extrusion interference is 0.2mm. The specific strengthening process is as follows:
步骤一：定位对中。将摩擦挤压头对准连接孔，保证摩擦挤压头的轴线与连接孔的轴线重合。Step 1: Positioning and centering. Align the friction extrusion head with the connection hole to ensure that the axis of the friction extrusion head coincides with the axis of the connection hole.
步骤二：旋转插入。将摩擦挤压头以100rpm的转速旋转，再将旋转着的摩擦挤压头以0.5mm/s速度插入连接孔。Step 2: Rotate and insert. The friction extrusion head is rotated at a speed of 100 rpm, and then the rotating friction extrusion head is inserted into the connection hole at a speed of 0.5 mm/s.
步骤三：静止旋转。当摩擦挤压头的圆台端完全伸出连接孔时，停止插入，并保持摩擦挤压头继续以100rpm的转速静止旋转2s。Step 3: Rotate still. When the conical end of the friction extrusion head fully protrudes from the connecting hole, stop the insertion, and keep the friction extrusion head to continue to rotate at a speed of 100 rpm for 2 s.
步骤四：旋转拔出。将摩擦挤压头以0.5mm/s速度从连接孔内拔出。Step 4: Rotate and pull out. Pull out the friction extrusion head from the connection hole at a speed of 0.5mm/s.
本实施例中，挤压过盈量、摩擦挤压头转速、插入速度、静止旋转时间以及拔出速度相配合可以使连接孔1壁面附近材料的温度达到约70℃。In this embodiment, the temperature of the material near the wall of the connection hole 1 can reach about 70° C. by coordinating the extrusion interference, the rotational speed of the frictional extrusion head, the insertion speed, the stationary rotation time, and the extraction speed.
图3所示是摩擦挤压强化前后连接孔的对比照片，从图中可以看到，强化处理后，孔的壁面更为光洁，壁面质量更好。Figure 3 shows the comparison photos of the connection hole before and after friction extrusion strengthening. It can be seen from the figure that after strengthening treatment, the wall surface of the hole is smoother and the wall surface quality is better.
结构件上连接孔在强化处理前，孔壁周围并不具有应力，本实施例对其进行摩擦挤压强化后孔壁周围出现残余应力，分布情况如图4所示。可以看到，孔壁附近绝大部分区域为残余压应力，在服役条件下能够抵消部分拉应力，从而改善孔周围的应力环境，增强其抗裂纹萌生与扩展的能力，提高孔的服役寿命。Before strengthening treatment, there is no stress around the hole wall of the connecting hole on the structural member. In this embodiment, residual stress appears around the hole wall after it is strengthened by friction extrusion. The distribution is shown in Figure 4. It can be seen that most of the area near the hole wall is residual compressive stress, which can offset part of the tensile stress under service conditions, thereby improving the stress environment around the hole, enhancing its ability to resist crack initiation and propagation, and improving the service life of the hole.
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