CN105855697B - A kind of method of the fine Surface Milling of laser three-D - Google Patents

A kind of method of the fine Surface Milling of laser three-D Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105855697B
CN105855697B CN201610218392.8A CN201610218392A CN105855697B CN 105855697 B CN105855697 B CN 105855697B CN 201610218392 A CN201610218392 A CN 201610218392A CN 105855697 B CN105855697 B CN 105855697B
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processed
curved surface
laser
processing
focus
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CN105855697A (en
Inventor
季凌飞
王文豪
姜锐
王思聪
鲍勇
李健
蒋毅坚
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
    • B23K26/046—Automatically focusing the laser beam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B23K26/402—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic material, e.g. isolators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • B23K37/047—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work moving work to adjust its position between soldering, welding or cutting steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
    • B23K2103/52—Ceramics

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of method of the fine Surface Milling of laser three-D, belongs to field of laser processing, is related to a kind of efficient curved surface member precision three-dimensional milling.The present invention includes a kind of selection mode of new machining path, a kind of selection mode of new focus, and a kind of special clamp for machining.The present invention carries out three-dimensional fix according to curved surface profile focusing position to be processed, realizes the type face high-precision laser processing of the curved surface member including spherical component.Can effectively it avoid because of interference of the machined surface height change to laser defocusing amount, without be servo-actuated in real time using Z axis in process, you being reached by coordinate position of the hard constraints laser beam along curve focusing scanning pattern ensures the Surface Milling purpose of machining accuracy.Positioning process is simple, high in machining efficiency, and the curved surface profile applicability processed is wide.

Description

A kind of method of the fine Surface Milling of laser three-D
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of the fine Surface Milling of laser three-D, belong to field of laser processing.
Background technology
《National Program for Medium-to Long-term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-2020)》And National Natural Science Foundation of China 《Subjects of mechanical engineering development strategy reports (2011-2020)》Complex-curved Digitized Manufacturing Technology is classified as manufacturing excellent One of first theme.With the development of the key special subjects such as " high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment " and " large aircraft ", to closing Efficient, the Precision Manufacturing Technology of the complex-curved type component of key propose unprecedented active demand.Three-dimensional B turbines, calm the anger Machine etc. is typical curved surface part as the important component of aero-engine；The spherical W-Co kind Hardmetal materials of high accuracy Important use be to be used for oil drilling Yalve Balls of Sucker Rod Pumps.In addition, with health care, Aero-Space, electronics, mechanical carrier etc. The fast development of the high-end equipment performance requirement of industrial field, emerges large quantities of new materials as high-performance key components and parts Spherical component, such as ceramics, hard alloy difficult-to-machine material structural member.The femoral head prosthesis used in medical science is by ball-aluminium oxide Ceramic milling obtains, and is quite paid attention to because of its speciality such as anti-corrosion, wear-resisting；Ceramic ball bearing is developed by metal bearing, but its High temperature resistant, erosion-resisting characteristic cause the class bearing be particularly suitable for use at a high speed and superfast working environment, have wide application Prospect and potential great economic benefit.But to the processing of these spherical components, especially retrofit, manufacture is faced with always Technical challenge, particularly when its processing request has extended to three-dimensional by two dimension, by simple accuracy of form and position requirement rise to for The Precision Machining requirement that precision is laid equal stress on performance.
Laser Processing is used as a kind of advanced manufacturing technology, has that noncontact procession, the processing free degree be big, processing environment is opened The unique advantage such as put, progressively got the nod in the application of mechanical manufacturing field, turned into Intelligentized mechanical Manufacturing Technology Development not The pith that can or lack.New laser processing is developed, realizes the three-dimensional retrofit in spherical component type face to solving mesh The faced bottleneck of the complex-curved manufacture of the hard brittle materials such as preceding complex-curved especially ceramics has great importance.Laser adds During work curved surface, because defocus phenomenon of the component surface not in same plane, processing can be brought greatly to machining accuracy and quality Interference.And because the limitation of many reasons such as machine Z-axis positioning precision, translational speed and monitoring reponse system, Laser Processing During, use Z axis servo-actuated to adjust the way of defocusing amount in real time in actual applications according to processed curved surface height change Or it is infeasible, especially for the Milling Process of the high-precision curved with microrelief, it would be highly desirable to which exploitation is a kind of effective Focal position of laser compensation method on curved surface processing path, according to the needs of machining accuracy, the scanning of hard constraints laser beam The coordinate points in path, to ensure processing accuracy both horizontally and vertically, this type face to small-sized fine curved-surface piece Process particularly important, and there is presently no the report finished using three axle laser-processing systems to sphere curved surface, adopt With this method, it is reachable to the curved surface retrofit including spherical, its precision successfully to realize three axle laser-processing systems Hundred micron orders.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, the invention provides a kind of type that the curved surface member including spherical component can be achieved Face high-precision laser processing method, effectively avoid because of interference of the machined surface height change to laser defocusing amount, nothing in process It need to be servo-actuated in real time using Z axis, you being reached by coordinate position of the hard constraints laser beam along curve focusing scanning pattern ensures The Surface Milling purpose of machining accuracy.Positioning process is simple, high in machining efficiency, and curved surface profile applicability is wide, it is characterised in that：
1. according to machining accuracy, machining area is divided, to Laser Processing entrance focus position respectively from horizontal blank Between and vertical space carry out three-dimensional localization, realize three dimensional space coordinate of the focusing position along curved surface processing path to be processed about Beam, while process is carried out with laser to zero defocus of member upper surface.And devise a set of new fixture.
2. first horizontal space by curved surface to be processed parallel to X-direction be divided into N (N be machined surface division region, N is followed successively by from top to bottom1,N2....Nn) individual decile (as shown in Figure 1), machining accuracy demand is higher, and N value is bigger.Then Contour projection is carried out to each region respectively, taken
For region N1Focal coordinates, the like,
For region N2Focal coordinates, wherein x, y are the transverse and longitudinal coordinate of processing curve, are respectively (x along x positive directions1, y1), (x2,y2)….(xm,ym), n is the coordinate of Z-direction, and n is followed successively by along Z positive directions1,n2...nn。
3. it is sequentially completed respective regions N according to identified each focal coordinates1,N2....NnProcessing, scanning times according to Chosen according to focusIndividual, (d is the scanning times processed in planar materials required for same depth, and h is the number of focus) is whole Total scanning times of individual n-quadrant are still d.The processing of each curved surface zoning is sequentially completed, and then completes the type of whole component Face processes.In this way, first point is processed to focus on, remainder is to be processed with defocusing amount, and defocusing amount is height and first at this The difference of point, whole path using second point accurately to focus, is being scanned by that analogy, second point is processed to focus on, and remainder is Processed with defocusing amount, defocusing amount is the difference of second focal spot height, in this way, machined respectively with each point focusing identical Number, while identical number is processed with identical defocusing amount, to ensure often to locate all milling identical depth.
4. design specialized processing unit (plant), the device includes vacuum valve (1), bearing (2), support base (3), hook (4), cylinder (5), ratchet (6), cylinder fixing device (7), base (8), spring eye (9), groove (11), and spring leaf (12)；Support base one There is spring leaf side, and spring leaf is connected with spring pearl, the spring eye being engaged with spring pearl is left in the side of ratchet, in bearing length Side leave a groove, the fixation for bearing and support base；Drive device includes cylinder, hook, and cylinder is supplied gas to the end, pushed away Dynamic hook makes ratchet angle straight line side be dropped back into perpendicular to base, hook, and cylinder pumping, hook returns to original position, and to be processed is spherical When component is placed on bearing, drive mechanism causes the bearing synchronous rotary.
Further, the groove of arc is left in the side of bearing, and placement member is used for the fixation of bearing and support base in groove.
Ratchet spine angle number is selected according to machining accuracy, and a hole of bead is left on the inside of each spine angle of ratchet, with The spring pearl of support base coordinates, and hook, which promotes, causes the side of ratchet angle straight line perpendicular to base, and the spring pearl of support base Into spring eye so that hook promotes ratchet accurately to rotate dynamic respective angles every time.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is machining coordinate schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is processing unit (plant) figure.
1, vacuum valve 2, bearing 3, support base 4, hook 5, cylinder 6, ratchet 7, cylinder fixing device 8, base 9, spring eye 11, groove 12, spring leaf 13, workpieces processing
Fig. 3 sample entirety patterns
The depth of Fig. 4 peak deep-slotted chip breakers
The depth of Fig. 5 minimum point deep-slotted chip breakers
Embodiment
In the equidistant 4*4 rectangular channels of a diameter of 12mm stainless steel hemisphere milling three, fixture is fixed on as shown in Figure 2, Processed each rectangular channel is divided into 5 regions.Four points are chosen in region 1 and are set to focal position, are added respectively with each focus Work 100 times, and the scanning pattern processed every time is all whole region 1, completes region 1；In the same way complete region 2, 3rd, 4,5, control ratchet rotates 120 degree, then completes second in the same way, the 3rd groove, sample 1# is obtained, to groove Depth measures, as a result such as Fig. 5.

Claims (2)

1. laser is to the processing method of fine curved surface, it is characterised in that：
Curved surface to be processed is divided into N parallel to X-direction in horizontal space, N is the region of machined surface division, is followed successively by N1,N2....Nn, contour projection then is carried out to each region respectively, takenFor region N1's Focal coordinates, For region N2Focal coordinates, the like, wherein x, y are the transverse and longitudinal coordinate of processing curve, are respectively (x along x positive directions1, y1), (x2,y2)….(xm,ym), n is the coordinate of Z-direction, and n is followed successively by along Z positive directions1,n2...nn；
Respective regions N is sequentially completed according to identified each focal coordinates1,N2....NnProcessing, scanning times are according to focus ChooseIndividual, wherein d is the scanning times processed in planar materials required for same depth, and h is the number of focus, complete successively Into the processing of each curved surface zoning, and then complete the type face processing of whole component；In this way, first point is processed to focus on, its Remaining part is divided into processes with defocusing amount, and defocusing amount is height at this and first point of difference, is being by that analogy accurate using second point Focus, scan whole path, second point is processed to focus on, and remainder is to be processed with defocusing amount, and defocusing amount is height at this And the difference of second focal spot height, in this way, each point focuses on and machined same number, while processed with identical defocusing amount Identical number, to ensure often to locate all milling identical depth.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Design specialized processing unit (plant), the device include vacuum valve (1), Bearing (2), support base (3), hook (4), cylinder (5), ratchet (6), cylinder fixing device (7), base (8), spring eye (9), Groove (11), and spring leaf (12)；Vacuum valve is mounted on bearings, and there are spring leaf, spring leaf and spring pearl phase in support base side Even, the spring eye being engaged with spring pearl is left in the side of ratchet, a groove is left in the side of bearing length, for bearing and The fixation of support base；Drive device includes cylinder, hook, and cylinder is supplied gas to the end, promotes hook to make ratchet angle plane side vertical In base, hook drops back into, and cylinder pumping, hook returns to original position, and when spherical component to be processed is placed on bearing, drive mechanism makes Obtain the bearing synchronous rotary.
CN201610218392.8A 2016-04-10 2016-04-10 A kind of method of the fine Surface Milling of laser three-D Active CN105855697B (en)

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CN111590216B (en) * 2020-05-29 2022-11-29 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 Laser processing method, system and device suitable for uneven surface
CN114619324B (en) * 2020-12-10 2023-06-16 东莞科伏精密制造有限公司 Processing equipment and processing method for curved surface radome
US11980986B1 (en) 2023-10-22 2024-05-14 Rathan P. Muruganantham Material hardness compensation in an automated milling system

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