CN105854589A - High-temperature in situ catalytic denitration method used for coal combustion process - Google Patents

High-temperature in situ catalytic denitration method used for coal combustion process Download PDF

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CN105854589A
CN105854589A CN201610228472.1A CN201610228472A CN105854589A CN 105854589 A CN105854589 A CN 105854589A CN 201610228472 A CN201610228472 A CN 201610228472A CN 105854589 A CN105854589 A CN 105854589A
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coal
combustion process
coal combustion
temp
denitration method
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龚志军
武文斐
李保卫
张凯
李海广
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Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology
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Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/8628—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/83—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/889—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/8892—Manganese
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/10—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of nitrous oxide (N2O)

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-temperature in situ catalytic denitration method used for a coal combustion process, and belongs to the technical field of denitration. The method is characterized in that generated NOx is reduced by CO, NH3, H2, hydrocarbons and other reducing gases generated in the coal combustion process to form harmless N2. The method adopts a hearth as a reactor, so the method has the advantages of simple device, no need of subsequent technologic devices, less investment, low energy consumption, good denitration effect, no need of addition of external reducing agents in the whole process, no secondary pollution, and good environment benefit; and a catalyst used in the method is a high temperature catalyst, and can be selected from metal oxide catalysts, rare earth oxide catalyst and composite oxide catalysts.

Description

A kind of for coal combustion process high-temp in-situ catalytic denitration method
Technical field
The present invention relates to denitration technology field, be specifically related to a kind of for coal combustion process high-temp in-situ catalytic denitration method.
Background technology
Currently, develop method and the technology of many denitrating flue gas both at home and abroad, gas denitrifying technology can be divided into wet method and dry method two class by the difference of working media, wet method mainly includes oxidative absorption method, reducing absorping method and Absorption via Chemical Complexation etc., and dry method mainly includes solid absorption method, plasma method, direct-reduction process, catalytic decomposition and catalytic reduction method etc..Wherein wet method operating cost is high, and there is secondary pollution, applies less；And dry method, particularly catalytic reduction method, denitration efficiency is high, runs simple, and cost is low, thus is widely used in the engineering of denitrating flue gas both domestic and external, and catalytic reduction method is increasingly becoming the mainstream technology of coal steam-electric plant smoke denitration.
Catalytic reduction method is a kind of more method eliminating nitrogen oxides of studying at present, it includes SCR (SCR) and SNCR (SNCR), some of which has been achieved with industrialization, the three-way catalyst used such as ammonia selective reduction nitrogen oxides and purifying vehicle exhaust.
SCR (SCR) is exactly in the presence of a solid catalyst, utilizes various reducibility gas, such as: H2, CO, hydro carbons, NH3It is allowed to be converted into N with NO reaction2Method.Therefore, this method practicality is very strong, is that we study the emphasis of denitrogenation, is also a kind of more method eliminating NO of studying at present.Afterbody catalytic denitration technology has feasibility, has been widely used in industry.According to estimates, at U.S. NH in 20003The 1/3 of annual production is provided with this technology for the SCR of nitrogen oxides, the thermal power plant of Japan 50%.But this Technical comparing costliness, the most potential secondary pollution problem, such as NH3Improper use causes NH3Reveal.
SNCR technology (SNCR) is by NH3, the reducing agent such as urea spray in stove so that it is carrying out selective reaction with NOx, course of reaction is without catalyst, accordingly, it would be desirable to could react at a higher temperature, generally 900-1100oC, this temperature range is referred to as the temperature window of SNCR reaction.Reducing agent sprays into and carries out SNCR in burner hearth behind the suitable region of temperature with the NOx in flue gas and react generation N2.The data of industry park plan show, the NO percent reduction of SNCR technique is relatively low, and in some typical Industrial demonstrations, SNCR technique can reach the NOx reduction efficiency of 30%-60%.
Be different from SCR technology (SCR technology) maximum need not use catalyst SNCR technology, and is not resulted in SO2/SO3Oxidation, therefore the chance causing air preheater to block is the least.In addition the whole reduction process of SNCR technique is carried out at boiler internal, it is not necessary to additionally sets up reactor, reduce further investment, decreases major part installment work, and be more convenient for maintenance in the future, maintenance work.But SNCR technology also has some shortcomings, as narrower in operation temperature；Product (the NH of catalytic reaction4)2SO4And NH4HSO4Can corrode and block consersion unit；Cause the NH in tail gas3Concentration increases, NH3Utilization rate is low；Additionally, N also can be produced in Fan Ying2O, N2O is discharged in air and can cause secondary pollution；Denitration rate is relatively low, and therefore SNCR fails to obtain commercial Application widely.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of for coal combustion process high-temp in-situ catalytic denitration method, and the method utilizes CO, NH that coal combustion process produces3、H2, the reducibility gas such as hydro carbons, make NOx and these reducibility gas generation reduction reactions generated, NOx be reduced to harmless N2, the method is using burner hearth as reactor, and equipment is simple, it is not necessary to follow-up process equipment, small investment, and energy consumption is low, and denitration effect is good, and whole process need not additional reducing agent, does not cause secondary pollution, has good environmental benefit.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, one of the present invention is used for coal combustion process high-temp in-situ catalytic denitration method, with burner hearth as reactor, is added by denitrating catalyst in stove so that it is the reducibility gas at high temperature produced coal combustion and NOx carry out catalytic reaction.
Wherein said denitrating catalyst includes following component:
(1) carrier is fluorite, and it is 50-55% that carrier accounts for catalyst quality percentage；
(2) active component is one of alkaline earth oxide, transition metal oxide and rare earth oxide or the mixture of two or more arbitrary proportion, and it is 20-30% that active component accounts for catalyst quality percentage；
(3) other compositions include mica and the mixture of dolomite one or both of which arbitrary proportion.
Wherein said alkaline earth oxide is selected from the mixture of one or both of MgO and BaO arbitrary proportion.
Wherein transition metal oxide is selected from Fe2O3And MnO2One or both of the mixture of arbitrary proportion.
Wherein said rare earth oxide is selected from cerium oxide or lanthana.
Wherein described denitrating catalyst is prepared as grade particle, added in fluidized-bed combustion boiler stove before coal grain burns, as bed materials of fluidized bed boiler.
Wherein described denitrating catalyst is prepared as micron particles, when coal dust adds boiler, adds in coal boiler with coal dust or together with desulphurizer mixing.
Catalyst used by the method is high temperature catalyst, and catalyst needs to keep activity under the high temperature conditions, and generally 800-1100 DEG C, this temperature range is referred to as the temperature window of high-temp in-situ catalysis；Catalyst can select metal oxide, rare earth oxide, rare-earth composite oxide catalyst etc..Metal oxide catalyst has the selectivity active, high of higher catalytic reduction of NOx and high thermal stability in middle high temperature interval, is considered as the class catalyst having most application prospect.Composite oxide catalysts shows higher catalysis activity to the reaction of reduction NO, mainly includes spinel-type Ca-Ti ore type.
The invention difference from existing technology is that the present invention achieves following technique effect:
In view of the tradition cost of SCR technology of NOx, potential secondary pollution and annual NH3A large amount of consumption problem, coal combustion process high-temp in-situ removing NOx all can be favourable to economy and environment, the NH that the present invention produces by process of coal combustion3In coal-burning boiler internal combustion process, NOx carried out catalysis reduction with the reducing gas such as CO, high-temp in-situ Catalytic Decomposition of Nitric Oxide is possibly realized, the present invention combines with low-NO_x combustion technology, there is the advantages such as higher, the good economy performance of denitration efficiency, whole technical matters is simple, small investment, energy consumption is low, and denitration effect is good；Whole process need not additional reducing agent, does not cause secondary pollution, has good environmental benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, to the present invention, above-mentioned and other technical characteristic and advantage are described in more detail.
Embodiment 1
By the fluorite of 1kg, the Fe of BaO, 0.22kg of MgO and 0.08kg of 0.08kg2O3MnO with 0.04kg2, the CeO of 0.06kg2La with 0.03kg2O3, grinding with ball mill after the dolomite mixing of the mica of 0.3kg and 0.2kg, be milled to 200 mesh, be then placed in Muffle furnace roasting 30 minutes at 1000 DEG C, mixture, through oversintering, is fabricated to porous material and obtains coal-fired high-temperature flue gas denitration additive.
Embodiment 2
By the fluorite of 1kg, the Fe of BaO, 0.36kg of MgO and 0.033kg of 0.036kg2O3, the CeO of 0.1kg2La with 0.05Kg2O3, grinding with ball mill after the dolomite mixing of the mica of 0.2kg and 0.2kg, be milled to 200 mesh, be then placed in Muffle furnace roasting 30 minutes at 1000 DEG C, mixture, through oversintering, is fabricated to porous material and obtains coal-fired high-temperature flue gas denitration additive.
Embodiment 3
By the fluorite of 1kg, the Fe of BaO, 0.18kg of MgO and 0.033kg of 0.038kg2O3MnO with 0.04Kg2, the CeO of 0.05kg2La with 0.02Kg2O3, grinding with ball mill after the mica mixing of 0.3kg, be milled to 200 mesh, be then placed in Muffle furnace roasting 30 minutes at 1000 DEG C, mixture, through oversintering, is fabricated to porous material and obtains coal-fired high-temperature flue gas denitration additive.
Preparation method: ground by complex rare-earth oxidate containing valuable metal ball mill, is milled to 200 mesh.Then it is placed in Muffle furnace 1000 degree to sinter 30 minutes, is fabricated to porous material, becomes millimetre-sized particle to obtain coal-fired denitrating catalyst by crusher in crushing.
Complex rare-earth oxidate containing valuable metal denitrating catalyst (account for coal-fired 1%-2%), with burner hearth as reactor, is added in coal boiler by the method, and Adding Way has a following two:
The first, be prepared as grade particle by denitrating catalyst, added in fluidized-bed combustion boiler stove before coal grain burns, and as bed materials of fluidized bed boiler, fluidized bed combustion is the combustion technology of a kind of advanced person, and its thermal efficiency is high, and fuel flexibility is preferable.The remarkable advantage of fluidized bed combustion is that it occurs in fixing grain bed, and air blows from the bottom up and makes it fluidize, and bed is graded formed by sand, fuel, ash.In fluid bed, thermal uniformity is preferable, and owing to the thermal capacity of sand is high, the time of staying is longer makes burning to complete at a lower temperature, usually 800-900oC。
The coal grain of bed and addition is fluidized by fluid bed boiler furnace bottom emulsion zone by First air.Primary air flow is about the 40%-80% of fuel combustion Air Quantity Required.It is generally in reducing atmosphere, containing substantial amounts of NH in this region3, CO etc., make NO and NH generated3, CO there is reduction reaction, under catalyst action by NOx catalysis be reduced to harmless N2, using prepared coal-fired high-temperature flue gas denitration additive as the bed of fluidized-bed combustion boiler at 800-900oIn C, coal-fired high-temperature flue gas is carried out catalytic denitration and can obtain the denitration rate of 54%.
The second, is prepared as micron particles by denitrating catalyst, when coal dust adds coal-burning boiler, is mixed in addition coal boiler with coal dust, or adds together with desulphurizer mixing；Coal-burning boiler uses low-NO_x combustion technology, and the 80-90% of usual air total requiremants is fed to burner together with fuel, because the flue-gas temperature that the imperfect combustion under the conditions of fuel-rich makes coal dust firing is relatively low, and only 1000-1100oAbout C.Now oxygen amount deficiency is reducing atmosphere, causes the reducibility gas such as CO, hydrocarbon more, makes the NO generated that reduction reaction to occur, is reduced to N under the effect of catalyst2；Denitrating catalyst can carry out catalytic denitration to coal-fired high-temperature flue gas at this temperature, can obtain the denitration rate of 45%.At the tail end of burner, pass through auxiliary air so that the most remaining imperfect combustion product CO and hydrocarbon are completely burned off.
Embodiment described above is only to be described the preferred embodiment of the present invention; not the scope of the present invention is defined; on the premise of designing spirit without departing from the present invention; various deformation that technical scheme is made by those of ordinary skill in the art and improvement, all should fall in the protection domain that claims of the present invention determines.

Claims (7)

1. one kind is used for coal combustion process high-temp in-situ catalytic denitration method, it is characterised in that: with burner hearth as reactor, denitrating catalyst is added in stove so that it is the reducibility gas at high temperature produced coal combustion and NOx carry out catalytic reaction.
The most according to claim 1 for coal combustion process high-temp in-situ catalytic denitration method, its feature
It is that described denitrating catalyst includes following component:
(1) carrier is fluorite, and it is 50-55% that carrier accounts for catalyst quality percentage；
(2) active component is one of alkaline earth oxide, transition metal oxide and rare earth oxide or the mixture of two or more arbitrary proportion, and it is 20-30% that active component accounts for catalyst quality percentage；
(3) other compositions include mica and the mixture of dolomite one or both of which arbitrary proportion.
It is the most according to claim 2 for coal combustion process high-temp in-situ catalytic denitration method, it is characterised in that: described alkaline earth oxide is selected from the mixture of one or both of MgO and BaO arbitrary proportion.
It is the most according to claim 2 for coal combustion process high-temp in-situ catalytic denitration method, it is characterised in that: transition metal oxide is selected from Fe2O3And MnO2One or both of the mixture of arbitrary proportion.
It is the most according to claim 2 for coal combustion process high-temp in-situ catalytic denitration method, it is characterised in that: described rare earth oxide is selected from cerium oxide or lanthana.
It is the most according to claim 1 for coal combustion process high-temp in-situ catalytic denitration method, it is characterised in that: described denitrating catalyst is prepared as grade particle, added in fluidized-bed combustion boiler stove before coal grain burns, as bed materials of fluidized bed boiler.
The most according to claim 1 for coal combustion process high-temp in-situ catalytic denitration method, it is characterized in that: described denitrating catalyst is prepared as micron particles, when coal dust adds boiler, add in coal boiler with coal dust or together with desulphurizer mixing.
CN201610228472.1A 2016-04-13 2016-04-13 High-temperature in situ catalytic denitration method used for coal combustion process Pending CN105854589A (en)

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107376933A (en) * 2017-06-23 2017-11-24 清华大学 It is a kind of to be used to reduce catalyst metals heating surface of NOx in flue gas and preparation method thereof
CN107398283A (en) * 2017-06-23 2017-11-28 清华大学 Catalyst metals heating surface of NOx content and preparation method thereof in a kind of reduction flue gas
CN108434985A (en) * 2018-05-15 2018-08-24 王研 The method of coal combustion high-temperature flue gas denitration
CN108636113A (en) * 2018-07-06 2018-10-12 王研 A kind of method of coal combustion flue gas high temperature denitration
CN109173724A (en) * 2018-11-09 2019-01-11 内蒙古科技大学 A kind of method of coal combustion high-temperature flue gas denitration
CN109806913A (en) * 2019-03-12 2019-05-28 上海三融环保工程有限公司 A kind of denitrating catalyst and preparation method thereof applied to cement plant
CN109806763A (en) * 2019-03-07 2019-05-28 内蒙古科技大学 A kind of method of coal combustion high-temperature flue gas denitration
CN110354856A (en) * 2019-08-22 2019-10-22 安徽工业大学 A kind of situ catalytic denitration is catalyzed the catalyst and its application method of coal char combustion simultaneously
CN111947171A (en) * 2019-05-16 2020-11-17 新淳(上海)环保科技有限公司 Denitration method for circulating fluidized bed boiler
CN113230881A (en) * 2021-05-12 2021-08-10 内蒙古科技大学 Two-stage denitration method in coal-fired high-temperature furnace
CN118440754A (en) * 2024-07-08 2024-08-06 中国科学技术大学先进技术研究院 Application of hydroxyapatite in field of coal-fired catalyst and preparation method

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107376933A (en) * 2017-06-23 2017-11-24 清华大学 It is a kind of to be used to reduce catalyst metals heating surface of NOx in flue gas and preparation method thereof
CN107398283A (en) * 2017-06-23 2017-11-28 清华大学 Catalyst metals heating surface of NOx content and preparation method thereof in a kind of reduction flue gas
CN108434985A (en) * 2018-05-15 2018-08-24 王研 The method of coal combustion high-temperature flue gas denitration
CN108636113A (en) * 2018-07-06 2018-10-12 王研 A kind of method of coal combustion flue gas high temperature denitration
CN109173724A (en) * 2018-11-09 2019-01-11 内蒙古科技大学 A kind of method of coal combustion high-temperature flue gas denitration
CN109806763A (en) * 2019-03-07 2019-05-28 内蒙古科技大学 A kind of method of coal combustion high-temperature flue gas denitration
CN109806913A (en) * 2019-03-12 2019-05-28 上海三融环保工程有限公司 A kind of denitrating catalyst and preparation method thereof applied to cement plant
CN109806913B (en) * 2019-03-12 2022-05-31 南京信融环保新材料有限公司 Denitration catalyst applied to cement plant and preparation method thereof
CN111947171A (en) * 2019-05-16 2020-11-17 新淳(上海)环保科技有限公司 Denitration method for circulating fluidized bed boiler
CN110354856A (en) * 2019-08-22 2019-10-22 安徽工业大学 A kind of situ catalytic denitration is catalyzed the catalyst and its application method of coal char combustion simultaneously
CN113230881A (en) * 2021-05-12 2021-08-10 内蒙古科技大学 Two-stage denitration method in coal-fired high-temperature furnace
CN118440754A (en) * 2024-07-08 2024-08-06 中国科学技术大学先进技术研究院 Application of hydroxyapatite in field of coal-fired catalyst and preparation method

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