CN105847708B - Line-scan digital camera automatic exposure method of adjustment based on image histogram analysis and system - Google Patents

Line-scan digital camera automatic exposure method of adjustment based on image histogram analysis and system Download PDF

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CN105847708B
CN105847708B CN201610355163.0A CN201610355163A CN105847708B CN 105847708 B CN105847708 B CN 105847708B CN 201610355163 A CN201610355163 A CN 201610355163A CN 105847708 B CN105847708 B CN 105847708B
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image
exposure
histogram
adjustment
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CN105847708A (en
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应申
陈高亮
杨必胜
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Wuhan University WHU
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/70Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene
    • H04N23/73Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene by influencing the exposure time
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T5/00Image enhancement or restoration
    • G06T5/40Image enhancement or restoration using histogram techniques

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  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of line-scan digital camera automatic exposure method of adjustment and system based on image histogram analysis, including calculates the grey level histogram of present image, is normalized to grey level histogram, obtains the left margin, right margin and peak value of the histogram of present image;According to the expectation peak value of image grey level histogram, camera exposure adjusted value is calculated;If the absolute value of camera exposure adjusted value is more than or equal to adjustment, threshold calculations obtain new current exposure value, absolute value is less than adjustment threshold value and then keeps current exposure value without adjustment, it is taken pictures according to current exposure value, after obtaining new image as present image, continues to adjust.The present invention carries out histogram analysis by the image data to acquisition, is adjusted to the camera exposure time using the desired quality of image and its histogram distribution feature, achievees the effect that the camera adjust automatically time for exposure.

Description

Line-scan digital camera automatic exposure method of adjustment based on image histogram analysis and system
Technical field
The present invention relates to digital image processing field more particularly to a kind of line-scan digital cameras based on image histogram analysis certainly Dynamic exposure adjustment method and system.
Background technology
Field sport target (such as train) is imaged, it is contemplated that movement and splicing factor mostly use line-scan digital camera and take pictures.Phase For the environment of field image data acquiring, the light filling of active light source is the necessary condition taken pictures, but the change of external environment Change, how the interference such as phenomena such as night, fine day, rainy days, direct sunlight, movement effectively eliminates, obtain better image Effect is must to solve the problems, such as.The histogram analysis of image is commonly used in the statistical analysis of image, can be used for equalizing (such as " a kind of histogram equalization method of infrared image " (CN 104252700A), but rarely have for reversely instructing to adjust camera The method of exposure parameter.
By means such as photometry apparatus, luminous intensity measurements, the variation of external ambient light is measured, needs to consider shadow region The factors such as domain, external light source interference, object of which movement, and it is reflective to imaging object itself phenomena such as, it is current relatively good not yet Solution.Therefore, it is necessary to providing a kind of new camera exposure method carrys out adjust automatically, with facilitate obtain light and shade it is suitable, at As effect clearly dynamic scene picture.
Invention content
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention proposes a kind of line-scan digital camera automatic exposure tune based on image histogram analysis Adjusting method and system are embodied in external interference factor in imaging results from image quality analysis, pass through image histogram point Analysis obtains the time for exposure for being suitble to current environment and current time, to obtain high quality graphic.
Technical scheme of the present invention provides a kind of line-scan digital camera automatic exposure method of adjustment based on image histogram analysis, It is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step 1 obtains present image, calculates the grey level histogram of present image, grey level histogram is normalized, obtain Take the left margin Left_Pos, right margin Rigt_Pos and peak value of the histogram of present image;
Step 2, the expectation peak E xp_Bright according to image grey level histogram calculate camera exposure adjusted value CExp such as Under,
Wherein, Exp_Bright is the expectation peak value of image histogram, and Left_Sec_Pos and Rigt_Sec_Pos are to pick Except the secondary boundary value after the peak value of boundary, correction factor k1, k2 are image histogram linear transform coefficient;
Step 3, the absolute value for comparing camera exposure adjusted value CExp and preset adjustment threshold value, if camera exposure adjusts The absolute value of value CExp is more than or equal to adjustment threshold value, and camera exposure adjusted value is added with current exposure value, obtains new current Exposure value enters step 4;If the absolute value of camera exposure adjusted value CExp is less than adjustment threshold value, without adjustment, keep Current exposure value enters step 4;
Step 4 is taken pictures according to current exposure value, after obtaining new image as present image, returns to step Rapid 1, continue to adjust.
Moreover, according to preset filtering threshold, histogram is intercepted, updates the left margin of the histogram of present image Left_Pos, right margin Rigt_Pos and peak value.
Moreover, the line number of present image uses preset numerical value m.
Moreover, m=1000.
Moreover, according to preset numerical value n, n>1, it is etc. to be captured when being taken pictures according to current exposure value in step 4 (n-1) newest m rows image is just extracted after × m rows as new present image, is then returned to step 1, is continued to adjust.
The present invention correspondingly provides a kind of line-scan digital camera automatic exposure adjustment system based on image histogram analysis, including With lower module:
First module calculates the grey level histogram of present image, returns to grey level histogram for obtaining present image One changes, and obtains the left margin Left_Pos, right margin Rigt_Pos and peak value of the histogram of present image;
Second module calculates camera exposure adjustment for the expectation peak E xp_Bright according to image grey level histogram Value CExp is as follows,
Wherein, Exp_Bright is the expectation peak value of image histogram, and Left_Sec_Pos and Rigt_Sec_Pos are to pick Except the secondary boundary value after the peak value of boundary, correction factor k1, k2 are image histogram linear transform coefficient;
Third module, the absolute value for comparing camera exposure adjusted value CExp and preset adjustment threshold value, if camera The absolute value for exposing adjusted value CExp is more than or equal to adjustment threshold value, and camera exposure adjusted value is added with current exposure value, is obtained New current exposure value, order the 4th module work;If the absolute value of camera exposure adjusted value CExp is less than adjustment threshold value, Without adjustment, current exposure value, order the 4th module work are kept;
4th module, for being taken pictures according to current exposure value, after obtaining new image as present image, order First module works, and continues to adjust.
Moreover, according to preset filtering threshold, histogram is intercepted, updates the left margin of the histogram of present image Left_Pos, right margin Rigt_Pos and peak value.
Moreover, the line number of present image uses preset numerical value m.
Moreover, m=1000.
Moreover, according to preset numerical value n, n>1, it is to wait for clapping when being taken pictures according to current exposure value in the 4th module Newest m rows image is just extracted as new present image after taking the photograph (n-1) × m rows, is then ordered the first module to work, is continued to adjust It is whole.
The present invention carries out histogram analysis by the image data to acquisition, utilizes variations in peak and histogram waveform The change of feature builds correspondence of the time for exposure with peak change, to utilize the desired quality of image and its histogram Distribution characteristics adjusts the camera exposure time, so that the histogram feature of the image data of acquisition is matched with desired value, to reach To the effect of camera adjust automatically time for exposure.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the application system system assumption diagram of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the image histogram obtained before the embodiment of the present invention is adjusted.
Fig. 3 be the embodiment of the present invention adjusting after the correspondence image histogram that obtains.
Specific implementation method
Understand for the ease of those of ordinary skill in the art and implement the present invention, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation mode The present invention is described in further detail.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of line-scan digital camera automatic exposure method of adjustment based on image histogram analysis, packet Include following steps:
Step 1 obtains present image, calculates the grey level histogram of present image, grey level histogram is normalized, obtain Take the left margin, right margin and peak value of the histogram of present image;
Embodiment in step 1, is normalized the grey level histogram of present image, to weaken noise jamming, The filtering threshold k=0.3 of histogram is set in embodiment, histogram is intercepted, to obtain the histogram of present image New left margin Left_Pos, right margin Rigt_Pos and peak value.When it is implemented, those skilled in the art can voluntarily preset Threshold value is filtered, the influence of noise can be weakened using empirical value.
Step 2, the expectation peak value according to image grey level histogram calculate camera exposure adjusted value;
In step 2, if left margin Left_Pos=0 or right margin Rigt_Pos=255, to image new The cumulative distribution that image is sought between the peak value of left and right gets the left margin of new histogram to realize histogram equalization Left_Sec_Pos, right margin Rigt_Sec_Pos.
In embodiment, the expectation peak parameters Exp_Bright of ideal image histogram is inputted, camera is calculated according to formula Expose adjusted value CExp:
Wherein, Exp_Bright is the expectation peak value of image histogram, and Left_Sec_Pos and Rigt_Sec_Pos are to pick Except the secondary boundary value after the peak value of boundary.Wherein correction factor k1, k2 is image histogram linear transform coefficient, specific embodiment When those skilled in the art can voluntarily preset value, such as can be obtained by changing the time for exposure of camera in fixed environment Standard picture gray average counts to obtain, and embodiment takes k1=5, k2=6.
Step 3, for ensure system call interception efficiency, when it is implemented, those skilled in the art can voluntarily preset adjust threshold Value, value is bigger, and efficiency is higher, and adjustment accuracy is lower, and the smaller regulated efficiency of value is lower, and Adjustment precision is higher.Embodiment is set It is 10 to set adjustment threshold value, i.e. camera exposure adjusted value absolute value is more than or equal to 10, then illustrates that effect is still undesirable, by camera exposure Adjusted value is added with current exposure value, obtains new current exposure value, is entered step 4 by new current exposure value, is taken pictures, After obtaining new image as present image, by return to step 1, repeats step 1, step 2 and step 3 and continue to adjust; If exposing adjusted value absolute value is less than 10, currently without adjustment, camera adjusted value is enabled to be equal to zero, keeps using current exposure Value, enters step 4;
Step 4, according to current exposure value, camera is normally taken pictures, obtain image.
In step 4, taken pictures according to Current camera exposure value, continue take new image as present image after, Step 1 is returned to, continues to adjust, to achieve the purpose that lasting acquisition clear image.Until halt system works.
Using technical solution of the present invention system architecture citing as shown in Figure 1, from initial camera capture image after, execute with The computer of upper flow can adjust camera parameter, and store and arrive server, server exports the corresponding command to work with monitoring image Control machine, the exposure value of control adjustment line-scan digital camera.For example, can be used for the train monitoring of outdoor dynamic operation, clear image is obtained, In order to subsequent vehicle monitoring, identification.So, main use environment is outdoor environment, and use condition should adapt to a variety of days Gas changes.When specific implementation, 1 group of inverted "L" shape holder can be used;One is installed on the cross bar of inverted "L" shape holder vertically downward Industrial camera shooting top image, industrial camera of the installation one perpendicular to train running direction on montant taken pictures, and increase Several light filling equipment, such as light source led.Hardware environment can be carried out the collecting work of image after putting in place right, using this hair After bright technical solution obtains piece image, adjusts according to external environment, automatically adjust the time for exposure, obtain ideal image.
According to the characteristic of line-scan digital camera, when it is implemented, those skilled in the art can voluntarily pre-set image computing unit, i.e., The line number of present image uses preset numerical value m.The present embodiment takes 1000 initial row images as an image computing unit, Its histogram information (such as Fig. 2) is obtained, in conjunction with the time for exposure before, time for exposure adjusted value (such as Fig. 3) is obtained, then to phase The exposure value of machine is adjusted, and is equally the 1000 row data obtained after adjustment.I.e. present image always takes m=1000 row images Data.
During adjustment, camera normal acquisition image, in order to avoid excessively frequently adjusting exposure value, therefore this hair It is bright it is further proposed that, no matter by new current exposure value or retaining original current exposure value takes pictures, can not be horse It is upper to obtain new image as present image, but newest m rows image is just extracted after waiting (n-1) × m rows to be captured as new Present image.In embodiment, the single exposure time is adjusted close to for the rows of every n × 1000 in image appearance, wherein can root N values, n are set according to the regulated efficiency of needs>1, when it is implemented, those skilled in the art can voluntarily preset the value of n.Embodiment Middle n=2, until adjustment work terminates.
When it is implemented, method provided by the present invention, which can be based on software technology, realizes automatic running flow, mould can also be used Block mode realizes corresponding system.
The embodiment of the present invention correspondingly provides a kind of line-scan digital camera automatic exposure adjustment system based on image histogram analysis System, comprises the following modules:
First module calculates the grey level histogram of present image, returns to grey level histogram for obtaining present image One changes, and obtains the left margin Left_Pos, right margin Rigt_Pos and peak value of the histogram of present image;
Second module calculates camera exposure adjustment for the expectation peak E xp_Bright according to image grey level histogram Value CExp is as follows,
Wherein, Exp_Bright is the expectation peak value of image histogram, and Left_Sec_Pos and Rigt_Sec_Pos are to pick Except the secondary boundary value after the peak value of boundary, correction factor k1, k2 are image histogram linear transform coefficient;
Third module, the absolute value for comparing camera exposure adjusted value CExp and preset adjustment threshold value, if camera The absolute value for exposing adjusted value CExp is more than or equal to adjustment threshold value, and camera exposure adjusted value is added with current exposure value, is obtained New current exposure value, order the 4th module work;If the absolute value of camera exposure adjusted value CExp is less than adjustment threshold value, Without adjustment, current exposure value, order the 4th module work are kept;
4th module, for being taken pictures according to current exposure value, after obtaining new image as present image, order First module works, and continues to adjust.
Each module specific implementation can be found in corresponding steps, and it will not go into details by the present invention.
The above be only illustrate the present invention specific implementation case, be not limited to the present invention can be real Apply range, such as those skilled in the art without departing from indicated by the present invention spirit with principle under completed all etc. Effect changes or modification, should be covered by the range of the claims in the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of line-scan digital camera automatic exposure method of adjustment based on image histogram analysis, which is characterized in that including following step Suddenly:
Step 1 obtains present image, calculates the grey level histogram of present image, which is normalized, and obtains Left margin Left_Pos, right margin Rigt_Pos and the peak value of the grey level histogram of present image;
Step 2, the expectation peak E xp_Bright according to the grey level histogram of image, calculate camera exposure adjusted value CExp such as Under,
Wherein, Left_Sec_Pos and Rigt_Sec_Pos is the secondary boundary value rejected after the peak value of boundary, correction factor k1, k2 For the linear transform coefficient of the grey level histogram of image;
Step 3, the absolute value for comparing camera exposure adjusted value CExp and preset adjustment threshold value, if camera exposure adjusted value The absolute value of CExp is more than or equal to adjustment threshold value, and camera exposure adjusted value is added with current exposure value, obtains new current exposure Light value enters step 4;If the absolute value of camera exposure adjusted value CExp is less than adjustment, threshold value keeps working as without adjustment Prior exposure value, enters step 4;
Step 4 is taken pictures according to current exposure value, after obtaining new image as present image, returns to step 1, Continue to adjust.
2. the line-scan digital camera automatic exposure method of adjustment based on image histogram analysis, feature exist according to claim 1 In:According to preset filtering threshold, the grey level histogram of image is intercepted, updates a left side for the grey level histogram of present image Boundary Left_Pos, right margin Rigt_Pos and peak value.
3. the line-scan digital camera automatic exposure method of adjustment according to claim 1 or claim 2 based on image histogram analysis, feature It is:The line number of present image uses preset numerical value m.
4. the line-scan digital camera automatic exposure method of adjustment based on image histogram analysis, feature exist according to claim 3 In:M=1000.
5. the line-scan digital camera automatic exposure method of adjustment based on image histogram analysis, feature exist according to claim 3 In:According to preset numerical value n, n>1, when being taken pictures according to current exposure value in step 4, after (n-1) × m rows to be captured such as being Newest m rows image is just extracted as new present image, step 1 is then returned to, continues to adjust.
6. a kind of line-scan digital camera automatic exposure based on image histogram analysis adjusts system, which is characterized in that including with lower die Block:
First module calculates the grey level histogram of present image, normalizing is carried out to the grey level histogram for obtaining present image Change, obtains the left margin Left_Pos, right margin Rigt_Pos and peak value of the grey level histogram of present image;
Second module is used for the expectation peak E xp_Bright of the grey level histogram according to image, calculates camera exposure adjusted value CExp is as follows,
Wherein, Left_Sec_Pos and Rigt_Sec_Pos is the secondary boundary value rejected after the peak value of boundary, correction factor k1, k2 For the linear transform coefficient of the grey level histogram of image;
Third module, the absolute value for comparing camera exposure adjusted value CExp and preset adjustment threshold value, if camera exposure The absolute value of adjusted value CExp is more than or equal to adjustment threshold value, and camera exposure adjusted value is added with current exposure value, is obtained new Current exposure value, order the 4th module work;If the absolute value of camera exposure adjusted value CExp be less than adjustment threshold value, not into Row adjustment keeps current exposure value, order the 4th module work;
4th module, for being taken pictures according to current exposure value, after obtaining new image as present image, order first Module works, and continues to adjust.
7. the line-scan digital camera automatic exposure based on image histogram analysis adjusts system according to claim 6, feature exists In:According to preset filtering threshold, the grey level histogram of image is intercepted, updates a left side for the grey level histogram of present image Boundary Left_Pos, right margin Rigt_Pos and peak value.
8. the line-scan digital camera automatic exposure based on image histogram analysis described according to claim 6 or 7 adjusts system, feature It is:The line number of present image uses preset numerical value m.
9. the line-scan digital camera automatic exposure based on image histogram analysis adjusts system according to claim 8, feature exists In:M=1000.
10. the line-scan digital camera automatic exposure based on image histogram analysis adjusts system according to claim 8, feature exists In:According to preset numerical value n, n>1, (the n-1) × m to be captured such as it is when being taken pictures according to current exposure value in the 4th module Newest m rows image is just extracted after row as new present image, is then ordered the first module to work, is continued to adjust.
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