CN105844073B - A kind of source of pollution of area source/remittance landscape recognition methods and device - Google Patents
A kind of source of pollution of area source/remittance landscape recognition methods and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN105844073B CN105844073B CN201610036702.4A CN201610036702A CN105844073B CN 105844073 B CN105844073 B CN 105844073B CN 201610036702 A CN201610036702 A CN 201610036702A CN 105844073 B CN105844073 B CN 105844073B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of source of pollution of area source/remittance landscape recognition methods and devices, the described method includes: determining the resistance coefficient and the coefficient of impact of the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell using the drag parameter and kinetic parameter of the current landscape cell for influencing pollution of area source process and its related landscape cell；Using the resistance coefficient of the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell and the distance of the coefficient of impact, the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell to sub-basin water outlet, the resistance cost and power cost of the current landscape cell are calculated；According to the resistance cost and power cost of the current landscape cell, source/remittance landscape of pollution of area source is identified.The dynamic process that the pollution of area source that the present invention can identify and monitor landscape cell to sub-basin water outlet is formed is of great significance to the coupled relation for further deeply disclosing large scale landscape pattern and ecological process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of source of pollution of area source/remittance landscape recognition methods and devices.
Background technique
Pollution of area source generating process is by local weather, the hydrology, topography and geomorphology, land use, soil and vegetative coverage
The effect of equal impact factors, making pollution of area source, there are apparent spatial diversities on region, and therefore, it is difficult to monitor and prevention and control face source
Pollute the influence to water environment.
Therefore, how from preferably, more fully angle recognition and monitoring region inner face source pollute occurrence and development, have
Certain realistic meaning.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of source of pollution of area source/remittance landscape recognition methods and devices, can preferably solve
Certainly in region the problem of the identification and monitoring of pollution of area source.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of source of pollution of area source/remittance landscape recognition methods, comprising:
Joined using the drag parameter and power of the current landscape cell for influencing pollution of area source process and its related landscape cell
Number determines the resistance coefficient and the coefficient of impact of the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell；
Utilize the current landscape cell and its resistance coefficient and the coefficient of impact, the current landscape of related landscape cell
Unit and its related landscape cell calculate the resistance cost and power of the current landscape cell to the distance of sub-basin water outlet
Cost；
According to the resistance cost and power cost of the current landscape cell, source/remittance landscape of pollution of area source is known
Not.
Preferably, the resistance coefficient of the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell is determined by following steps:
Obtain the current landscape cell for influencing pollution of area source process and its related landscape cell include vegetation coverage,
The drag parameter of surface roughness and Manning roughness coefficient；
To any one landscape cell in the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell, by by the landscape
It after the vegetation coverage of unit is added with surface roughness, is multiplied, obtains described with the Manning roughness coefficient of the landscape cell
The resistance coefficient of landscape cell.
Preferably, the coefficient of impact of the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell is determined by following steps:
Obtain the current landscape cell for influencing pollution of area source process and its related landscape cell includes average rainfall, slope
Spend the kinetic parameter of the factor, the erosion durability of soil and runoff curve number；
To any one landscape cell in the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell, by by the landscape
After average rainfall, the slope factor of unit are added with the erosion durability of soil, it is multiplied, obtains with the runoff curve number of the landscape cell
To the coefficient of impact of the landscape cell.
Preferably, it is calculated by the following formula the resistance cost of the current landscape cell:
Wherein, MCRR is the resistance cost of the current landscape cell, and n is that sub-basin water outlet is reached from current landscape cell
The quantity of the landscape cell passed through on a certain path of mouth j, m are sub-basin water outlet number, DijTo be reached from landscape cell i
The distance of sub-basin water outlet j, RiFor the resistance coefficient of landscape cell i.
Preferably, when there are a plurality of roads between sub-basin water outlet for the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell
When diameter, the resistance cost corresponding to each path is calculated separately, and chooses the smallest resistance cost as the current landscape list
The resistance cost of member.
Preferably, it is calculated by the following formula the power cost of the current landscape cell:
Wherein, MCRE is the power cost of the current landscape cell, and n is that sub-basin water outlet is reached from current landscape cell
The quantity of the landscape cell passed through on a certain path of mouth j, m are sub-basin water outlet number, DijTo be reached from landscape cell i
The distance of sub-basin water outlet j, EiFor the coefficient of impact of landscape cell i.
Preferably, when there are a plurality of roads between sub-basin water outlet for the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell
When diameter, the power cost corresponding to each path is calculated separately, and chooses the smallest power cost as the current landscape list
The power cost of member.
Preferably, source/remittance landscape is identified by following steps:
Compare the resistance cost and power cost of the current landscape cell；
If the resistance cost is less than power cost, the current landscape cell is identified as to " source " scape of pollution of area source
See unit；
If the resistance cost is greater than power cost, the current landscape cell is identified as to " remittance " scape of pollution of area source
See unit；
If the resistance cost is equal to power cost, the current landscape cell is identified as " converging in source for pollution of area source
Balance " landscape cell.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of source/remittance landscape identification device of pollution of area source is provided, comprising:
Coefficient determination module, for utilizing the current landscape cell and its correlation landscape cell for influencing pollution of area source process
Drag parameter and kinetic parameter determine the resistance coefficient and the coefficient of impact of the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell；
Cost calculation module, for the resistance coefficient and power using the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell
Coefficient, the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell calculate the current landscape list to the distance of sub-basin water outlet
The resistance cost and power cost of member；
Contamination Assessment module, for the resistance cost and power cost according to the current landscape cell, to pollution of area source
Source/remittance landscape identified.
Preferably, the resistance cost and power cost of the Contamination Assessment module current landscape cell, if institute
Resistance cost is stated less than power cost, then the current landscape cell is identified as to " source " landscape cell of pollution of area source；If institute
Resistance cost is stated greater than power cost, then the current landscape cell is identified as to " remittance " landscape cell of pollution of area source；If institute
Resistance cost is stated equal to power cost, then the current landscape cell is identified as to " the balance of source and sink " landscape list of pollution of area source
Member.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention can identify source remittance landscape, and monitor the dynamic of the pollution of area source formation of landscape cell to sub-basin water outlet
State process is of great significance to the coupled relation for further deeply disclosing large scale landscape pattern and ecological process.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is source/remittance landscape recognition methods block diagram of pollution of area source provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is source/remittance landscape identification device block diagram of pollution of area source provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 a is the cost calculation schematic diagram between unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 b is the Cummulative distance costs model Computing Principle provided in an embodiment of the present invention with " source " for starting point
Source figure layer schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 c is the Cummulative distance costs model Computing Principle provided in an embodiment of the present invention with " source " for starting point
Cost figure layer schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 d is the Cummulative distance costs model Computing Principle provided in an embodiment of the present invention with " source " for starting point
Cost Distance analyzes result schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 a is the Cummulative distance costs model Computing Principle provided in an embodiment of the present invention with " remittance " for starting point
Source figure layer schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 b is the Cummulative distance costs model Computing Principle provided in an embodiment of the present invention with " remittance " for starting point
Cost figure layer schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 c is the Cummulative distance costs model Computing Principle provided in an embodiment of the present invention with " remittance " for starting point
Cost Distance analyzes result schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is influence pollution of area source " source/remittance " Plan Recognize flow chart provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail, it should be understood that described below is excellent
Select embodiment only for the purpose of illustrating and explaining the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 is source/remittance landscape recognition methods block diagram of pollution of area source provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, step
Include:
Step S101: the drag parameter of the current landscape cell for influencing pollution of area source process and its related landscape cell is utilized
And kinetic parameter, determine the resistance coefficient and the coefficient of impact of the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell.
Drag parameter includes: the vegetation coverage of current landscape cell and its related landscape cell, surface roughness and graceful
Peaceful roughness coefficien.
Kinetic parameter includes: that the average rainfall, slope factor, soil of current landscape cell and its related landscape cell are anti-
Corrosion and runoff curve number.
The resistance coefficient of each landscape cell is determined by following steps: obtaining the vegetative coverage of the landscape cell first
Rate, surface roughness and Manning roughness coefficient, secondly obtained vegetation coverage is added with surface roughness, then with it is graceful
Peaceful roughness coefficien is multiplied, and obtains the resistance coefficient of the landscape cell.
The coefficient of impact of each landscape cell is determined by following steps: obtaining average rainfall, the slope of the landscape cell
The factor, the erosion durability of soil and runoff curve number are spent, secondly by obtained average rainfall, slope factor and erosion durability of soil phase
Add, be then multiplied with runoff curve number, obtains the coefficient of impact of the landscape cell.
The correlation landscape cell includes from current landscape cell to passing through on a certain path of corresponding sub-basin water outlet
Landscape cell.
Step S102: the current landscape cell and its resistance coefficient and the coefficient of impact, institute of related landscape cell are utilized
Current landscape cell and its related landscape cell are stated to the distance of sub-basin water outlet, calculates the resistance of the current landscape cell
Cost and power cost.
1, it is calculated by the following formula the resistance cost of the current landscape cell:
Wherein, MCRR is the resistance cost of the current landscape cell, and n is that sub-basin water outlet is reached from current landscape cell
The quantity of the landscape cell passed through on a certain path of mouth j, m are sub-basin water outlet number, DijTo be reached from landscape cell i
The distance of sub-basin water outlet j, RiFor the resistance coefficient of landscape cell i.
It should be noted that when the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell exist between sub-basin water outlet
When mulitpath, the resistance cost corresponding to each path is calculated separately, and chooses the smallest resistance cost as described current
The resistance cost of landscape cell.
2, it is calculated by the following formula the power cost of the current landscape cell:
Wherein, MCRE is the power cost of the current landscape cell, and n is that sub-basin water outlet is reached from current landscape cell
The quantity of the landscape cell passed through on a certain path of mouth j, m are sub-basin water outlet number, DijTo be reached from landscape cell i
The distance of sub-basin water outlet j, EiFor the coefficient of impact of landscape cell i.
It should be noted that when the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell exist between sub-basin water outlet
When mulitpath, the power cost corresponding to each path is calculated separately, and chooses the smallest power cost as described current
The power cost of landscape cell.
Step S103: according to the resistance cost and power cost of the current landscape cell, to source/remittance scape of pollution of area source
Sight is identified.
It specifically includes: the resistance cost and power cost of the current landscape cell, if the resistance cost is less than
The current landscape cell is then identified as " source " landscape cell of pollution of area source by power cost；If the resistance cost is greater than
The current landscape cell is then identified as " remittance " landscape cell of pollution of area source by power cost；If the resistance cost is equal to
The current landscape cell is then identified as " the balance of source and sink " landscape cell of pollution of area source by power cost.
The present invention can identify " source/remittance " landscape pattern of large scale pollution of area source process, the skill with following several respects
Art meaning:
1, the present invention has fully considered the heterogeneity of background of regional environment, evaluation landscape resistance/power to pollution of area source mistake
The potential impact of journey is promoted to true impact between the two, can be compared and be applied in different areas, greatly extend
The application ranges of landscape theories is converged in source.
The present invention can be applied to the identification of " source/remittance " landscape pattern of Large-scale areas pollution of area source process, no longer office
It is limited to " source/remittance " pattern for considering that pollution of area source is formed from the intrinsic mosaic mode of landscape types, but it is dirty from face source is influenced
In dye forming process landscape stream must be obstructed/restriction of kinetic factor identifies " source/remittance " pattern, therefore fully considered region ring
The heterogeneity of border background.By determining sub-basin mouth of a river spatial position all in region, by landscape resistance/power to pollution of area source
The potential impact of process is promoted to the pollution of area source for landscape cell to sub-basin water outlet and forms the influence of dynamic process, more
With true realistic meaning, and different basin areas can be applied to.Therefore, the present invention greatly extends source remittance landscape reason
The identification of " source/remittance " landscape pattern is applied in specific environmental background by the application range of opinion deeper into ground.
2, " source/remittance " landscape pattern of pollution of area source process is influenced, by identification rapidly and accurately to identify and delimiting face
It pollutes key area and effective means is provided in source.
The present invention can identify " source/remittance " landscape pattern for influencing this ecological process of pollution of area source, wherein " source " pattern
Refer to the landscape types that can promote pollution of area source process development, is starting point and base that pollution of area source substance is spread outward, at this
Pollution of area source is extremely incident under the pattern state of sample, the key area occurred for pollution of area source；" remittance " pattern refers to one
The place that pollution of area source process disappears is the landscape types for preventing to delay pollution of area source process development.Therefore, it is influenced by identification
" source/remittance " landscape pattern of pollution of area source process, can judge on big regional scale influence pollution of area source " source " with
The pattern situation of " remittance " further determines that the key area that pollution of area source occurs in the region, and thus, it is possible to be planning and prevention and control
Pollution of area source provides reference.
3, " source/remittance " landscape pattern of pollution of area source process is influenced by identification, the danger that can be formed for pollution of area source
Property provides important directive significance.
Due to " source " existing during pollution of area source, " remittance " effect, whether " source/remittance " landscape pattern rationally divides
Cloth influences whether the risk degree that pollution of area source is formed.If " source " " remittance " landscape reaches balance in spatial distribution in region
State forms reasonable Spatial Distribution Pattern, it will generates less Non-point Source Pollutants；, whereas if " source " " remittance " landscape
Pattern irrational distribution, and there is more " source " landscape to be distributed near the exit of basin, it will there are more area source pollutants
It generates, the risk of pollution of area source will significantly increase.Therefore " source/remittance " pattern of pollution of area source process, energy are influenced by identification
The risk enough formed for pollution of area source provides important directive significance.
Fig. 2 is source/remittance landscape identification device block diagram of pollution of area source provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 2, including
Coefficient determination module, cost calculation module and Contamination Assessment module.
Coefficient determination module is used to utilize the current landscape cell and its correlation landscape cell for influencing pollution of area source process
Drag parameter and kinetic parameter determine the resistance coefficient and the coefficient of impact of the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell.
Cost calculation module is used for resistance coefficient and power using the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell
Coefficient, the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell calculate the current landscape list to the distance of sub-basin water outlet
The resistance cost and power cost of member.
Contamination Assessment module is used for resistance cost and power cost according to the current landscape cell, to pollution of area source
Source/remittance landscape is identified.Specifically, the Contamination Assessment module current landscape cell resistance cost and power at
The current landscape cell is identified as " source " landscape list of pollution of area source if the resistance cost is less than power cost by this
Member；If the resistance cost is greater than power cost, the current landscape cell is identified as to " remittance " landscape list of pollution of area source
Member；If the resistance cost is equal to power cost, the current landscape cell is identified as to " the balance of source and sink " of pollution of area source
Landscape cell..
The present invention merges each landscape feature (example from the landscape resistance/power for influencing large scale pollution of area source forming process
Such as land use, soil, the hydrology, topography and geomorphology, vegetative coverage) construct the landscape resistance/dynamical system for influencing pollution of area source formation
Number, meanwhile, consider the distance factor of landscape cell and sub-basin water outlet, finally obtains based on Large-scale areas pollution of area source mistake
" source/remittance " landscape pattern's identification model of journey.
1, below using the water outlet of reservoir area of Three Gorges sub-basin as the Rendezvous Point of area source pollutants, and it is applied to minimum accumulation
For in resistance model, it is illustrated.
Principle designed by minimum accumulation resistance model is to calculate expense spent by the landscape from source by different resistances
With or overcome function made by resistance." source " therein refers to that in pattern and process study, those can promote ecological process to send out
The landscape types of exhibition are the starting point and base of things or event to external diffusion, with internal homogeney and the energy extended around
Therefore power just has to determine " source " for specific ecological process using minimum accumulation resistance model.But for face source
For polluting this ecological process, it is hidden for influencing feature possessed by " source " of pollution of area source, it is difficult to directly from specific
Whether it is " source " that landscape types go to identify and judge out, and quantization can not be determined by experiment especially within the scope of large-scale dimension
Method determine " source " of pollution of area source process, so the directly traditional minimum accumulation resistance model of application will be unrealistic
's.Thus " source/remittance " the landscape pattern identification skill in pollution of area source process is calculated from source to the cumulative cost of different landscape unit
Existing defects in art.The present invention is reservoir area of Three Gorges sub-basin in view of targeted spatial domain, and basin goes out as gathering ground
The mouth of a river is the place that pollution of area source substance passes through that different landscape unit finally collects, i.e., pollution of area source process is final whole in basin
Spatial position only.Therefore the present invention for minimum accumulation resistance model principle, using the water outlet of sub-basin as basin in
Pollution of area source substance finally collects place, the Cummulative distance costs of calculating landscape cell to sub-basin water outlet.In this way, one
The problem of aspect avoids " source " that can not determine pollution of area source process and can not identify " source/remittance " landscape pattern, on the other hand
Also the application for expending distance costs distance model has been further expanded, i.e., it has been carried out inversely according to the characteristics of pollution of area source process
Using.
2, the landscape resistance/coefficient of impact for influencing pollution of area source process, and conduct are created with the kinetic theory of landscape stream
The landscape resistance and power face of pollution of area source process are influenced in minimum accumulation resistance model.
Influencing the most crucial process that pollution of area source is formed includes that rainfall runoff, the soil erosion and contaminant transportation three are generous
Face, this three broad aspect are directed to the effect of landscape stream, are mainly reflected in rainwash or interflow subsurface drainage, soil erosion stream and dirt
Material stream is contaminated, pollutant mass flow therein is the generation along with rainfall runoff and the soil erosion and advances, therefore pollution of area source
Substance moves to power effect and drag effect of " remittance " this process inherently by various landscape streams from " source ".Wherein, it mentions
Main source for landscape mobilization force includes gravity, rainfall, runoff and soil texture etc., and provides the main of landscape flow resistance power
Source then includes vegetation cover, earth's surface degree of roughness etc..Therefore, the landscape that the present invention chooses influence pollution of area source process moves
Power index (i.e. kinetic parameter) includes average rainfall, the slope factor in the soil erosion and the erosion durability of soil, and can be reflected
The runoff curve number of stream ability is produced, the main indicator (i.e. drag parameter) for choosing the landscape resistance of influence pollution of area source process includes
Vegetation cover, roughness of ground surface and Manning roughness coefficient, it is specific as shown in table 1.
The present invention establishes the landscape resistance/power face for influencing pollution of area source process by resistance/coefficient of impact.Specifically, right
Landscape cell assigns resistance coefficient and the coefficient of impact, and landscape resistance area and power spatially are made of these landscape cells
Face, and landscape resistance/coefficient of impact determines the controllability of pollution of area source forming process, makees if scenic powered effect is greater than resistance
With showing as pollution of area source process and be easier to occur, be then susceptible on the contrary.Landscape resistance/coefficient of impact side of embodying
Formula is generally changed using linear mode, specific as shown in formula (1) and formula (2).
R=(VFC+M) × N (1)
E=(P+S+K) × CN (2)
See Table 1 for details for index representated by each parameter in above-mentioned formula (1) and formula (2).
Landscape resistance/dynamic index parameter of 1 modelling of table
3, it is constructed on the basis of minimum accumulates resistance model (Minimum Cumulative Resistance, MCR)
Influence landscape resistance/power cost model of pollution of area source process.
The essence of MCR is the Integrative expression of Cost Distance (cost distance), is a kind of abstract expression to reality,
Refer to the variation due to landscape and bring " cost " difference, Cost Distance, which passes through, determines substance, energy in different surfaces
Cost coefficient calculate, shown in specific calculation formula such as formula (3).
In formula, MCR is minimum accumulation Resistance Value, RiIndicate that the resistance coefficient that landscape cell i moves certain species, ∑ indicate
Landscape cell i is passed through at a distance from all units between the j of source and the accumulation of resistance, and min indicates the patch being evaluated for difference
Source take accumulation resistance minimum value；Minimum accumulation Resistance Value reflects the Potential feasibility and trend of ecological process, passes through landscape
The size of the minimum accumulation Resistance Value of unit can determine whether the connectivity and similitude of the unit and source unit.
Cost Distance calculates crucial accumulative, Fig. 3 a to Fig. 3 d provide it is a kind of with Cummulative that " source " is starting point away from
From cost model Computing Principle schematic diagram, Fig. 4 a to Fig. 4 c provides a kind of Cummulative distance costs mould with " remittance " for starting point
Type Computing Principle schematic diagram, as shown in Fig. 3 a to Fig. 4 c.The calculating of the current cost of each unit, both considered between grid cell
Distance, it is also considered that the passage cost of each unit, cumulative cost be from the passage of the cumulative cost of a upper unit and this unit at
This addition, calculation formula are as follows: accum_cost=al+ ((cost_a+cost_b)/2) × D, wherein accum_cost is a certain
The accumulative current cost of unit b；Al is the accumulative current cost of a upper adjacent cells a；Cost_a is the cost of unit a；
Cost_b is the cost of unit b；D is the distance between adjacent cells a, b, is calculated by the central point of two units.If unit
Side length is d, then the distance between adjacent cells are exactly d up and down；The distance between diagonal adjacent cells are
Due to above-mentioned Cummulative Cost Distance model only for be different resistances landscape, only take into account the expansion in " source "
Encountered landscape resistance is opened, but for this ecological process of pollution of area source, due to both there is landscape there are the effect of landscape stream
The effect of resistance, while there is also the effects of scenic powered, therefore in the case where resistance area and power face exist simultaneously, need
Corresponding landscape is set up simultaneously according to above landscape resistance/coefficient of impact, the calculation formula of minimum cumulative resistance and principle
Resistance cost model and scenic powered cost model, it is specific as shown in formula (4) and formula (5).
In formula: MCRR and MCRE is the minimum cumulative cost of a certain landscape cell Study of Platycladus orientalis-Robinia pseudoacacia resistance and power；N is from current
The quantity of the landscape cell passed through on a certain path of landscape cell arrival sub-basin water outlet j；M is sub-basin water outlet
Number；DijFor i-th of landscape cell to the distance of corresponding basin water outlet j；VFCi、MiAnd NiThe plant of respectively i-th landscape cell
Coating cover degree, roughness of ground surface and Manning roughness coefficient；Pi、Si、KiAnd CNiThe mean precipitation of respectively i-th landscape cell
Amount, slope factor, soil erodibility and runoff curve number.
4, identify that judgement influences " source/remittance " landscape pattern of pollution of area source process using ArcGIS software raster symbol-base device.
By landscape resistance cost MCRR and scenic powered cost MCRE, pass through the condition letter in ArcGIS raster symbol-base device
Number: (MCRR>MCRE, 1, Con (MCRR<MCRE, 2,0), in formula, MCRR, MCRE respectively represent landscape resistance/power cost grid to Con
Trrellis diagram, 1 and 2 respectively represent " source " and " remittance ", and circulation, which identifies, influences " source/remittance " space cell that pollution of area source is formed.If
The landscape resistance cost of MCRR > MCRE, i.e. the grid space unit to corresponding sub-basin water outlet is greater than power cost, the unit
" remittance " for showing as pollution of area source, if MCRE > MCRR, i.e. the landscape resistance of the grid space unit to corresponding sub-basin water outlet
Power cost is less than power cost, shows as " source "；If MCRR=MCRE, which influences the scape that pollution of area source is formed
It sees resistance cost and is equal to power cost, " source " and " remittance " pattern reaches balance.
Fig. 5 is influence pollution of area source " source/remittance " Plan Recognize flow chart provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 5,
Step includes:
Step 1: obtaining the vegetation coverage VFC of each related landscape cell, surface roughness M, graceful peaceful rough coefficient N, being averaged
Rainfall P, slope factor S, soil erodibility K, runoff curve number CN.
Step 2: the vegetation coverage VFC, surface roughness M, the graceful peaceful rough coefficient that are obtained using formula (1) and the first step
N calculates separately the resistance coefficient R of related landscape cell；The average rainfall P that is obtained using formula (2) and the first step, the gradient because
Sub- S, soil erodibility K, runoff curve number CN, calculate separately the coefficient of impact of related landscape cell.
Step 3: utilizing the distance of formula (4) and related landscape cell to each sub-basin water outlet, correlation landscape cell
Resistance coefficient R calculates the landscape resistance cost MCRR of each landscape cell；Utilize formula (5) and related landscape cell to each son
The coefficient of impact E of the distance of basin water outlet, related landscape cell, calculates the scenic powered cost MCRE of each landscape cell.
Step 4: its landscape resistance cost MCRR and scenic powered cost MCRE are compared for some landscape cell, if
The landscape cell is then determined as " source " landscape cell by MCRR < MCRE；If MCRR > MCRE, which is determined as
" remittance " landscape cell.
The present invention can provide technological means and important references for pollution of area source hazard assessment, dirty with the face source of reservoir area of Three Gorges
For dye, the maximum feature in reservoir area of Three Gorges is that water environment pollution faces severe situation, and especially pollution of area source is to river
The influence of the water bodys such as stream, lake, critical process are the loss of nutrient.The present invention can be using reservoir area of Three Gorges as a big ruler
Region entirety is spent, is influenced on the basis of landscape theories, landscape flow resistance theory and accumulative resistance Cost Theory are converged in source
" source remittance " Plan Recognize of pollution of area source process.Since " source " is starting point, the pollution of area source substance of pollution of area source process and expansion
The source of nutrient, " remittance ", which has the function of receiving, accepts the migration of area source pollutants matter, therefore " source " scape on generating pollution of area source
It sees pattern and has more risk than " remittance " landscape pattern, if controlled by spatially combining different types of landscape
The balance of nutrient loss on spatial and temporal scales will reduce the risk of pollution of area source, therefore the present invention is in pollution of area source danger
Property evaluation in important technological means and reference value can be provided.
The present invention can for for the purpose of prevention and control pollution of area source basin or Ecological planning of regional landscape technological means is provided.With
Landscape Ecological Planning for the purpose of prevention and control pollution of area source is using regional landscape ecological system global optimization as elementary object, by grinding
The interaction for studying carefully landscape pattern and pollution of area source process and mankind's activity and landscape, establishes regional landscape ecological system optimization
The space structure and mode utilized, keeps the quantity of the landscape features such as gallery, patch, matrix and its spatial distribution reasonable, makes information
Stream, material stream and energy stream are unimpeded.It is just had in the pollution course of opposite source it can thus be seen that implement Landscape Ecological Planning
Sky where " source/remittance " that landscape pattern serves, and " source/remittance " pattern is heterogeneous, only recognize these effects with
Relationship, it will be able to clear key area, danger zone and the safety zone that pollution of area source process is influenced within the scope of Large-scale areas
Domain, thus purposeful and planning go to reasonable disposition " source/remittance " landscape pattern, make pollution of area source substance in heterogeneous landscape again
Distribution, to achieve the purpose that Control the Plan Pollution Sources.Therefore the present invention can be by identifying Large-scale areas pollution of area source process
" source/remittance " landscape provide technological means for Ecological planning of regional landscape.
In conclusion the present invention can identify " source/remittance " pattern for influencing pollution of area source process, in specific practical use
On be mainly reflected in hazard assessment, basin or Ecological planning of regional landscape, prevention and control pollution of area source of pollution of area source etc..
Although describing the invention in detail above, but the invention is not restricted to this, those skilled in the art of the present technique
It can be carry out various modifications with principle according to the present invention.Therefore, all to be modified according to made by the principle of the invention, all it should be understood as
Fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of source of pollution of area source/remittance landscape recognition methods characterized by comprising
Using the drag parameter and kinetic parameter of the current landscape cell for influencing pollution of area source process and its related landscape cell, really
The resistance coefficient and the coefficient of impact of the fixed current landscape cell and its related landscape cell；
Utilize the current landscape cell and its resistance coefficient and the coefficient of impact, the current landscape cell of related landscape cell
And its related landscape cell arrives the distance of sub-basin water outlet, the resistance cost of the calculating current landscape cell and power at
This；
According to the resistance cost and power cost of the current landscape cell, source/remittance landscape of pollution of area source is identified；
The resistance coefficient of the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell is determined in the following manner:
Obtain the current landscape cell for influencing pollution of area source process and its related landscape cell includes that vegetation coverage, ground are thick
The drag parameter of rugosity and Manning roughness coefficient；
To any one landscape cell in the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell, by by the landscape cell
Vegetation coverage be added with surface roughness after, be multiplied with the Manning roughness coefficient of the landscape cell, obtain the landscape
The resistance coefficient of unit.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein by following steps determine the current landscape cell and its
The coefficient of impact of related landscape cell:
Obtain the current landscape cell for influencing pollution of area source process and its related landscape cell include average rainfall, the gradient because
The kinetic parameter of son, the erosion durability of soil and runoff curve number；
To any one landscape cell in the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell, by by the landscape cell
Average rainfall, after slope factor is added with the erosion durability of soil, is multiplied with the runoff curve number of the landscape cell, obtains institute
State the coefficient of impact of landscape cell.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein being calculated by the following formula the resistance of the current landscape cell
Power cost:
Wherein, MCRR is the resistance cost of the current landscape cell, and n is to reach sub-basin water outlet j from current landscape cell
A certain path on the quantity of landscape cell passed through, m is sub-basin water outlet number, DijTo reach son from landscape cell i
The distance of basin water outlet j, RiFor the resistance coefficient of landscape cell i.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, when the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell arrive
There are resistance costs when mulitpath, calculated separately corresponding to each path between sub-basin water outlet, and choose the smallest
Resistance cost of the resistance cost as the current landscape cell.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein being calculated by the following formula the dynamic of the current landscape cell
Power cost:
Wherein, MCRE is the power cost of the current landscape cell, and n is to reach sub-basin water outlet j from current landscape cell
A certain path on the quantity of landscape cell passed through, m is sub-basin water outlet number, DijTo reach son from landscape cell i
The distance of basin water outlet j, EiFor the coefficient of impact of landscape cell i.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, when the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell arrive
There are when mulitpath between sub-basin water outlet, the power cost corresponding to each path is calculated separately, and is chosen the smallest
Power cost of the power cost as the current landscape cell.
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein identifying source/remittance landscape by following steps:
Compare the resistance cost and power cost of the current landscape cell；
If the resistance cost is less than power cost, the current landscape cell is identified as to " source " landscape list of pollution of area source
Member；
If the resistance cost is greater than power cost, the current landscape cell is identified as to " remittance " landscape list of pollution of area source
Member；
If the resistance cost is equal to power cost, the current landscape cell is identified as to " the balance of source and sink " of pollution of area source
Landscape cell.
8. a kind of source of pollution of area source/remittance landscape identification device characterized by comprising
Coefficient determination module, for the resistance using the current landscape cell for influencing pollution of area source process and its related landscape cell
Parameter and kinetic parameter determine the resistance coefficient and the coefficient of impact of the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell；
Cost calculation module, for the resistance coefficient and dynamical system using the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell
Several, the described current landscape cell and its related landscape cell calculate the current landscape cell to the distance of sub-basin water outlet
Resistance cost and power cost；
Contamination Assessment module, for the resistance cost and power cost according to the current landscape cell, to the source of pollution of area source/
The landscape that converges is identified；
The resistance coefficient of the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell is determined in the following manner:
Obtain the current landscape cell for influencing pollution of area source process and its related landscape cell includes that vegetation coverage, ground are thick
The drag parameter of rugosity and Manning roughness coefficient；
To any one landscape cell in the current landscape cell and its related landscape cell, by by the landscape cell
Vegetation coverage be added with surface roughness after, be multiplied with the Manning roughness coefficient of the landscape cell, obtain the landscape
The resistance coefficient of unit.
9. device according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the Contamination Assessment module current landscape cell
Resistance cost and power cost, if the resistance cost be less than power cost, the current landscape cell is identified as face
" source " landscape cell of source pollution；If the resistance cost is greater than power cost, the current landscape cell is identified as face
" remittance " landscape cell of source pollution；If the resistance cost is equal to power cost, the current landscape cell is identified as face
" the balance of source and sink " landscape cell of source pollution.
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| CN111898896B (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2022-06-03 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Watershed non-point source pollution loss intensity evaluation method considering soil attributes |
| CN113553789A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-10-26 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Resistance distance calculation method and system for ecological effect of green land landscape on building energy consumption |
| CN114662930B (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2023-03-24 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Agricultural non-point source pollution risk identification method and electronic equipment |
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