CN105837859A - Preparation method of inorganic-organic phosphate blended composite flame retardant material - Google Patents

Preparation method of inorganic-organic phosphate blended composite flame retardant material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105837859A
CN105837859A CN201510021290.2A CN201510021290A CN105837859A CN 105837859 A CN105837859 A CN 105837859A CN 201510021290 A CN201510021290 A CN 201510021290A CN 105837859 A CN105837859 A CN 105837859A
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inorganic
phosphate
resin
fire proofing
preparation
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苏旭
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Zhangjiagang Jiuli New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
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Zhangjiagang Jiuli New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a novel inorganic-organic phosphate blended composite flame retardant material. The method includes: firstly preparing ammonium dihydrogen phosphate into superfine powder, and performing blending with a certain amount of general type unsaturated resin to prevent agglomeration of superfine powder; then adding a certain proportion of triethyl phosphate and dially phenylphosphonate; then dispersing the made material with polyol, and adding a certain amount of aluminum hydroxide to form a blended composite material through intermolecular hydrogen bond interaction. According to the invention, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and aluminum hydroxide are used in combination for the first time, under the circumstance of maintaining unreduced flame retardation of unsaturated resin after adding, the dosage of additives, especially aluminum hydroxide is greatly decreased, and the mechanical properties of resin are improved. The method has the characteristics of simple reaction operation, and commercially available most of the raw materials. The product can be widely used in materials, especially resin, and has the advantages of low cost, safe use and the like.

Description

The preparation method of inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of a kind of inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing.
Background technology
In recent years, along with polymeric material application in people's productive life constantly increases, particularly public transport, the demand growth of subway, light rail and bullet train, the polymeric material caused fire disaster that catches fire is in rising trend.Investigating and find, in fire fatality, 80% is not scorched to death, but the burned by-product produced smokes dead (anoxia and suction people toxic gas-CO, HBr, HCl etc.).When fire occurs, the temperature of hot spot steeply rises, and about 15min i.e. can reach 760 DEG C, and high polymer is easily generated imperfect combustion and over-emitting black exhaust, so that anoxia;On the other hand discharge various toxic gas in combustion, inhale poisoning after people and dead, such as CO (this gas is most), HC1, HCN gas etc., therefore, the fire-retardant attention increasingly causing people of polymeric material.But the most most flame-retardant polymers are mainly by adding what halogen flame realized, substantial amounts of smog and poisonous, harmful, corrosive gas can be produced when burning, cause " secondary disaster ", therefore, the low-smoke non-halogen flame-retardant of Study Polymer Melts material, the life and property loss that the generation and reduction fire for reducing fire is caused has great importance.Wherein using clean and effective halogen-free flame retardants is the important channel improving Flame Retardancy energy.
The halogen-free type fire proofing of research mainly includes phosphorus flame retardant, nitrogen system silicon-series five-retardant, expansion type flame retardant and Nano type fire retardant etc. the most both at home and abroad.Phosphorus flame retardant have Heat stability is good, non-volatile, do not produce corrosivity poison, the effect advantage such as persistently, be widely used.Phosphorus flame retardant is weak fire inhibitor, mainly fire-retardant based on condensed phase to flame retardance of polymer effect.
The fire retardant mechanism of phosphorus flame retardant mainly forms isolating membrane and reaches flame retardant effect, and the mode forming isolating membrane has two kinds:
1) thermal degradation products utilizing fire retardant promotes polymer surfaces rapid dehydration and carbonization, and then forms charring layer.Do not carry out producing combustion by evaporation and the decomposition combustion of flame due to simple substance carbon, therefore, there is fire-resisting protection effect.Its reason be the end product that phosphorus-containing compound thermally decomposes to yield be poly-Metaphosphoric acid, and it is strong dehydrant.
2) phosphorus flame retardant decomposes the nonvolatile glassy mass of generation under ignition temperature, and it is coated on the surface of polymer, and the protective layer of this densification plays the effect of sealing coat.
Phosphor-included additive mainly acts in condensed phase, and fire retardant mechanism is:
1. the poly-Metaphosphoric acid of formation is as dehydrant, and promotes into charcoal, and the generation of charcoal reduces the conduction of heat from flame to condensed phase;
2. phosphoric acid can absorb heat, because it prevent that CO is oxidized to CO2, reduces heating process;
3. the protective layer of the vitreous or liquid of pair condensed phase formation thin layer; therefore the heat between oxygen diffusion and gas phase and solid phase and quality transmission are reduced; inhibit char combustion process; reduce phosphonium flame retardant decomposes and following change occur: phosphorus flame retardant → phosphoric acid partially → phosphoric acid → poly-Metaphosphoric acid; poly-Metaphosphoric acid is the most volatile stable compound; have high dehydrated, at polymer table compound and air exclusion;The substantial amounts of heat of moisture sorption of abjection, makes polymer surfaces fire retardant decomposes discharge volatility phosphide.
Phos fire retardant and organophosphorous fire retardant can be divided into by the Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes phosphorus flame retardant.Phos fire retardant is mainly based on red phosphorus, phosphate and phosphorus-nitrilo compound;Phos fire retardant can be used alone, it is possible to is used in conjunction with other fire retardants, but its during being used alone the easy moisture absorption, easily harden, therefore use be very limited.In order to improve its safety, stability, and improving the compatibility of itself and matrix resin, it is carried out surface processing is one of the Main way of research.Current research is concentrated mainly on the application aspect of red phosphorus, and wherein micro encapsulation is most efficient method.Such as inorganic coating method, organic coating method and inorganic-organic hybrid cladding process.Wherein compound coating method is to select suitable macromolecular material capsule material to be again coated with on the basis of inorganic coating red phosphorus, is presently the most preferable red phosphorus method of modifying.It not the most too many for ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate research in this respect.Research shows, flame retardance of polymer performance and mechanical property are had a great impact by the granularity of inorganic anti-flaming material.The fire retardant of equivalent, granularity is the least, and specific surface area is the biggest, and flame retardant effect is the best.Organic phosphorus flame retardant has fire-retardant and plasticising double effects, mainly based on phosphate ester, phosphite ester and phosphonate ester.Additionally, the compound of the most multiple phosphorus substituent group, polymers etc..Phosphate ester aboundresources, cheap, it is the leading products in organic phosphorus flame retardant.
First the present invention is that the method by physics prepares ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate superfines, to reduce it;Granularity, increases specific surface area the biggest, improves flame retardant effect;The powder obtained is coated with, to prevent the moisture absorption, to harden with macromolecular material (universal resin) the most rapidly;Be to be blended with phosphate ester again, form inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing, finally adding a little polyalcohols, increase in material point between hydrogen bond, lower sedimentation;Can also add a certain amount of aluminium hydroxide, it passes through intermolecular interaction simultaneously, forms space structure, can reduce the sedimentation of material, the most also in the case of keeping resins fire retardant effect, is greatly enhanced flame retardant effect.
In common resins for universal use, the aluminium hydroxide adding more than 120 parts just can make the limited oxygen index of resin reach 32-34;Add 100 parts and can reach 28-30;But the number owing to adding is more, reduce the construction effect of resin, greatly reduce the mechanical property of resin simultaneously, as a example by the fracture elongation of pour mass (before adding, clear resin fracture elongation percentage is 2.4%), after adding 120 parts, rarely exceed 1.2%;Add 100 parts and seldom have more than 1.5%.And this composite, it is only necessary to add 60 parts, it is possible to reach capacity oxygen index (OI) 34, add 50 parts and can keep limited oxygen index more than 31.Owing to addition is few, the workability of the resin obtained is good, and less owing to adding number, and resin mechanical property reduces little, and its fracture elongation is maintained at more than 2.0%.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method by physics with chemistry, inorganic and organophosphorus ester are combined the inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing of formation, this composite has high flame retardant, low cigarette, low toxicity, the feature of non-corrosiveness gas generation, improves again the shortcoming that inorganic combustion inhibitor height addition has a strong impact on the physical and mechanical properties of material simultaneously.
Present invention provide the technical scheme that
According to an aspect of the present invention, the preparation method of a kind of inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
A) inorganic phosphate is dissolved in deionized water, is prepared as saturated solution;Then high-speed stirred, more described saturated solution is added drop-wise in acetone, obtain ultra-fine inorganic calcium phosphate precipitation, then carry out filtering to filter out ultra-fine inorganic phosphate powder;
B) described ultra-fine inorganic phosphate powder and universal unsaturated-resin being blended, described ultra-fine inorganic phosphate powder is 1:1~10 with the ratio of described universal unsaturated-resin, is subsequently adding organophosphorus ester, and stirs;
C) in step B) in the blended liquid that obtains adds 0.1~the polyalcohols dispersant of 1% and 10~the aluminium hydroxide of 25%, after stirring, obtain inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the preparation method of a kind of inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
A) ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate is dissolved in deionized water, is prepared as saturated solution;Then high-speed stirred, more described saturated solution is added drop-wise in organic solvent that first alcohol and water dissolves each other or the organic solvent that second alcohol and water dissolves each other, obtain ultra-fine biphosphate ammonia precipitation, then carry out filtering to filter out ultra-fine ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate powder;
B) described ultra-fine ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate powder and universal unsaturated-resin are blended, then add organophosphorus ester, and stir;
C) in step B) in the blended liquid that obtains adds 0.1~the polyalcohols dispersant of 1% and 10~the aluminium hydroxide of 25%, after stirring, obtain inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing.
According to another aspect of the present invention, inorganic phosphate is ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate, and organophosphorus ester is tricresyl phosphate second fat and benzenephosphonic acid di-allyl ester.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the ratio of described ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate, described tricresyl phosphate second fat and described benzenephosphonic acid di-allyl ester is 1:1~5:10~50.
According to another aspect of the present invention, polyalcohols dispersant doped with hydrogen aluminium oxide in inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing uses.
According to another aspect of the present invention, polyalcohols dispersant is described organophosphorus ester and the 0.1~1% of described unsaturated-resin total amount;Aluminium hydroxide is described organophosphorus ester and the 10~25% of described unsaturated-resin total amount.
According to another aspect of the present invention, ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate and unsaturated-resin ratio are 1:1~10.The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1) abundant raw material source that the present invention uses, cheap;
2) technique that the present invention uses is simple, environmental friendliness;
3) amount of flame-retardant agent prepared by the present invention is few, low cost;
4) mechanical property of material compatible is reduced smaller by fire retardant prepared by the present invention:
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme is further described:
Embodiment 1: the preparation of ultra-fine ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate
At room temperature, 240 grams of ammonium di-hydrogen phosphates are dissolved in deionized water, are prepared as saturated solution, then (more than 2000 turns) under high-speed stirred, this saturated solution is added drop-wise in 2000 milliliters of acetone, and along with the dropping of biphosphate ammonia solution, acetone gradually becomes cloudy.After dropping, stopping stirring, substantial amounts of superfine white powder is gradually precipitated out, and is poured off the clear liquid on upper strata, then filters;The powder washing with acetone obtained twice, then dries up with nitrogen, i.e. obtains ultra-fine ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate.Herein, " ultra-fine ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate " refers to the ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate powder that particle diameter is 50-100 micron, if no special instructions, is the most also identical definition.
Embodiment 2: the preparation of ultra-fine ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate
At room temperature, 240 grams of ammonium di-hydrogen phosphates are dissolved in deionized water, are prepared as saturated solution, then (more than 2000 turns) under high-speed stirred, this saturated solution is added drop-wise in 2000 milliliters of ethanol, and along with the dropping of biphosphate ammonia solution, acetone gradually becomes cloudy.After dropping, stopping stirring, substantial amounts of superfine white powder is gradually precipitated out, and is poured off the clear liquid on upper strata, then filters;The powder washing with alcohol obtained twice, then dries up with nitrogen, i.e. obtains ultra-fine ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate.
Embodiment 3: the preparation of inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing
200 grams of freshly prepd dry ultra-fine ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate powder are joined in 1000 grams of unsaturated-resins 191, then 10 minutes (more than 500 turns) of stirring, make unsaturated-resin 191 and ultra-fine ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate powder mix homogeneously, then it is sequentially added into 200 grams of tricresyl phosphate second fat and 2000 grams of benzenephosphonic acid di-allyl esters, continues stirring 5 minutes;
In aforesaid liquid, add 2 grams of Polyethylene Glycol-600 and 40 grams of aluminium hydroxide (Chalco production), continue 10 minutes (more than 1000 turns) of stirring, obtain inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing.
Embodiment 4: the preparation of inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing
200 grams of freshly prepd dry ultra-fine ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate powder are joined in 1000 grams of unsaturated-resins 196, then 10 minutes (more than 500 turns) of stirring, make unsaturated-resin 196 and ultra-fine ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate powder mix homogeneously, then 300 grams of tricresyl phosphate second fat and 4000 grams of benzenephosphonic acid di-allyl esters it are sequentially added into,, continue stirring 5 minutes;
In aforesaid liquid, add 1 gram of Polyethylene Glycol-600 and 30 grams of aluminium hydroxide (Chalco production), continue 10 minutes (more than 1000 turns) of stirring, obtain inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing.
Embodiment 5: the application of inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing
From the unsaturated-resin of 6 kinds of different manufacturers of market purchasing, (including that sky and company are a kind of, DSM company is a kind of for clear resin, two kinds of Ya Shilan company, two kinds of Changxing company), prepare pour mass according to national standard method, the limited oxygen index recording them is between 18-20.5.
In above-mentioned clear resin, being separately added into inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing prepared by 20% present invention, the viscosity of all resins increases within 10%;Preparing pour mass according to national standard method, the limited oxygen index recording them is between 28-30.

Claims (7)

1. the preparation method of an inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
A) inorganic phosphate is dissolved in deionized water, is prepared as saturated solution;Then high-speed stirred, more described saturated solution is added drop-wise in acetone, obtain ultra-fine inorganic calcium phosphate precipitation, then carry out filtering to filter out ultra-fine inorganic phosphate powder;
B) described ultra-fine inorganic phosphate powder and universal unsaturated-resin being blended, described ultra-fine inorganic phosphate powder is 1:1~10 with the ratio of described universal unsaturated-resin, is subsequently adding organophosphorus ester, and stirs;
C) in step B) in the blended liquid that obtains adds 0.1~the polyalcohols dispersant of 1% and 10~the aluminium hydroxide of 25%, after stirring, obtain inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing.
2. the preparation method of an inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
A) ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate is dissolved in deionized water, is prepared as saturated solution;Then high-speed stirred, more described saturated solution is added drop-wise in organic solvent that first alcohol and water dissolves each other or the organic solvent that second alcohol and water dissolves each other, obtain ultra-fine biphosphate ammonia precipitation, then carry out filtering to filter out ultra-fine ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate powder;
B) described ultra-fine ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate powder and universal unsaturated-resin are blended, then add organophosphorus ester, and stir;
C) in step B) in the blended liquid that obtains adds 0.1~the polyalcohols dispersant of 1% and 10~the aluminium hydroxide of 25%, after stirring, obtain inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing.
The preparation method of inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that inorganic phosphate is ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate, organophosphorus ester is tricresyl phosphate second fat and benzenephosphonic acid di-allyl ester.
The preparation method of inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the ratio of described ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate, described tricresyl phosphate second fat and described benzenephosphonic acid di-allyl ester is 1:1~5:10~50.
The preparation method of inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that polyalcohols dispersant doped with hydrogen aluminium oxide in inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing uses.
The preparation method of inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that polyalcohols dispersant is described organophosphorus ester and the 0.1~1% of described unsaturated-resin total amount;Aluminium hydroxide is described organophosphorus ester and the 10~25% of described unsaturated-resin total amount.
The preparation method of inorganic-organic phosphate ester composite fire proofing the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate and unsaturated-resin ratio are 1:1~10.
CN201510021290.2A 2015-01-15 2015-01-15 Preparation method of inorganic-organic phosphate blended composite flame retardant material Pending CN105837859A (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1701095A (en) * 2002-07-29 2005-11-23 拜尔材料科学股份公司 Flame-retardant moulding compositions
CN101077928A (en) * 2006-05-23 2007-11-28 上海耐特复合材料制品有限公司 Halogen-free combustion-proof thermoplastic engineering plastics
CN101358000A (en) * 2008-09-24 2009-02-04 贵州省复合改性聚合物材料工程技术研究中心 Phosphorus series non-halogen composite flame retardant for polyolefin, preparation method thereof and flame retardant polyolefin
CN102977584A (en) * 2005-03-28 2013-03-20 沙伯基础创新塑料知识产权有限公司 Flame retardant thermoplastic composition and articles comprising the same
CN103351638A (en) * 2013-07-07 2013-10-16 天长市蓝天复合材料有限公司 High-strength inflaming retarding glass fiber reinforced plastic pultrusion section
CN103937260A (en) * 2014-04-22 2014-07-23 苏州羽帆新材料科技有限公司 Halogen-free flame retardant plastic cement and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1701095A (en) * 2002-07-29 2005-11-23 拜尔材料科学股份公司 Flame-retardant moulding compositions
CN102977584A (en) * 2005-03-28 2013-03-20 沙伯基础创新塑料知识产权有限公司 Flame retardant thermoplastic composition and articles comprising the same
CN101077928A (en) * 2006-05-23 2007-11-28 上海耐特复合材料制品有限公司 Halogen-free combustion-proof thermoplastic engineering plastics
CN101358000A (en) * 2008-09-24 2009-02-04 贵州省复合改性聚合物材料工程技术研究中心 Phosphorus series non-halogen composite flame retardant for polyolefin, preparation method thereof and flame retardant polyolefin
CN103351638A (en) * 2013-07-07 2013-10-16 天长市蓝天复合材料有限公司 High-strength inflaming retarding glass fiber reinforced plastic pultrusion section
CN103937260A (en) * 2014-04-22 2014-07-23 苏州羽帆新材料科技有限公司 Halogen-free flame retardant plastic cement and preparation method thereof

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