CN105833792B - fluorine-containing surfactant and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
fluorine-containing surfactant and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of fluorine-containing surfactants and preparation method thereof.A kind of fluorine-containing surfactant of the present invention, structural formula of compound are：(Ⅰ).Preparation process of the present invention is succinct, of low cost；Both sexes fluorocarbon surfactant has excellent emulsification, and the auxiliary agent as fluoro-containing macromolecule material polymerization uses, and can also be used in the finishing agent of paper, leather and fabric as emulsifier, while can be used with metal surface decontaminating cleaning agents.Different fluorine-containing surfactant stoste is configured easily with other surfaces context of vaccine administration in amphoteric surfactant simultaneously, applied to various aspects, is especially applied to the aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent of fire-fighting domain, main function is sprawled as foam stabilization, film forming.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to a kind of fluorine-containing surfactants and preparation method thereof.
Technical background
Kinds of surfactants is various, and classification form is also varied, most widely used now, dosage it is most be hydrocarbon
Surfactant, hydrophobic grouping are hydrocarbon alkyl.When the hydrogen atom all or part quilt of hydrophobic side in hc-surfactant
Fluorine atom replaces, then as fluorocarbon surfactant.By the transformation of hc-surfactant to fluorocarbon surfactant, superficiality
The raising of matter can be produced.Fluorocarbon surfactant belongs to special surfactant, occupy in daily-use chemical industry it is special importantly
The highest a kind of table of position and so far surface-active is lived.Its characteristic (high surface, height with " three high ", " two hate "
Thermal stability, high chemical stability and water and oil repellence performance).The application field of fluorocarbon surfactant is very extensive, extensively should
For fields such as chemistry, oil, electronics, weaving, papermaking, ink and fire-fightings.
Fluorocarbon surfactant primary structure be fluorocarbon chain form, the perfluor linear paraffin such as PFOA being widely used at present and
PFOS, applied to multiple fields, but pass through has very high bioaccumulation ability using both discoveries for a long time, while in environment
In extremely difficult degradation.Lasting harm of the perfluorinated surfactant to environment for C8 classes (PFOA/PFOS), Convention of Stockholm
It has been classified as persistence organic pollutant (POPs).The main bugbear faced at present is to find suitable replacements, both keeps it
Superior surface-active and spreading property, while the pollution to environment can be reduced by natural degradation again.The present invention uses fluorine
Ether structure has done series of studies instead of perfluor carbon-chain structure, has obtained expected effect.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fluorine-containing surfactant and preparation method thereof, which uses perfluor
Polyether chain substitutes traditional perfluoroalkyl chain, degradable, environmentally protective；The fluorocarbon surfactant is applied to be used in compounding, extensively
It is general to be applied to the industries such as fire-fighting, oil recovery, especially as a kind of aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent.Product preparation process letter of the present invention
It is single, it is at low cost, there is good prospects for commercial application.
A kind of fluorine-containing surfactant of the present invention, structural formula of compound are：
Wherein
X is H or halogen；
M is the integer of 1-5；N is the integer of 1-10；
R1Alkyl for hydrogen, methyl or 2-6 carbon atom；
R2And R3It is the alkyl of 1-6 carbon atom；
A is O-, (CH2)pCOO‐Or (CH2)pSO3 ‐；Wherein p is the integer of 1-10.
M is 2, n 2-4.
R1 is hydrogen or methyl.
The compound has the surface tension no more than 16mN/m in a concentration of 0.1% aqueous solution.
The preparation method of the fluorine-containing surfactant, includes the following steps：
Primary amine is dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran solvent, alkali is added in, III, IV or V is added dropwise at a temperature of 30-60 DEG C
Solution, final fluorocarbon surfactant is obtained by the reaction in obtained sulfonamide product with quaternizing agent respectively again；
Chemical equation is as follows：
Wherein,
The preparation process of III is：Raw material II was added drop-wise at 1-5 hours in the solvent for be previously added carbonate and is reacted, then
Acid solution is added in, after 130-180 DEG C of reflux, vacuum distillation obtains the mixed liquor of principal product III and water, is separated off water layer, does
Dry, the sterling of product III being obtained by filtration is spare；
The preparation process of IV is：Raw material II I is dissolved in fluothane solvent, fluorine gas is passed through at a temperature of -40 DEG C -40 DEG C, until
It is spare or using II as raw material to product IV through rectification under vacuum after completion of the reaction, fluorine gas reaction solution obtained by the reaction is passed through through decompression
It is spare that rectifying obtains product IV；
The preparation process of V is：Raw material II I is placed in chlorine in autoclave and is reacted, temperature is controlled at 70-120 DEG C,
Reaction time is 6-12 hours, and after completion of the reaction, it is spare that rectifying obtains product V；
Chemical equation is as follows：
In step (1), raw material II, which is added drop-wise in the solvent for be previously added carbonate, reacts, and controlling reaction temperature is in 20-80
Between DEG C, the reaction time was controlled at 4-10 hours.
Carbonate includes one in sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium carbonate, cesium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or saleratus
Kind is a variety of.
Solvent is included in glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether or tetraethyleneglycol dimethyl ether
It is one or more.
Quaternizing agent is hydrogen peroxide or chloro alkyl carboxylate or chloro alkylsulfonate.
The fluorine-containing surfactant is applied to fire-fighting, oil field, chemical industry, weaving or field of papermaking.
The preparation process of the fluorine-containing surfactant is as follows：
Alkyl-substituted primary amine is dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran solvent, adds in organic base or inorganic base, 30-60
The solution of III, IV or V are added dropwise at a temperature of DEG C, the reaction time was controlled at 5-20 hours, obtained sulfonamide product again respectively with it is double
Final both sexes fluorocarbon surfactant is obtained by the reaction in oxygen water, chloro alkyl carboxylate, chloro alkylsulfonate or sultones.
Wherein, the preparation process of III is：Raw material II was added drop-wise at 1-5 hours in the solvent for being previously added carbonate, is controlled
Between 20-80 DEG C, the reaction time controlled at 4-10 hours reaction temperature processed, added the aqueous solution of acid, acid and raw material II
Between 1-5,130-180 DEG C is flowed back 1-5 hours molar ratio, and then vacuum distillation obtains the mixed liquor of product III and water, passes through
Water layer is separated off, is then dried, the solution being obtained by filtration obtains the sterling of product III by rectification under vacuum；
The preparation process of IV is：Raw material II I is dissolved in fluothane solvent, fluorine gas is passed through at a temperature of -40 DEG C -40 DEG C, until
Spare or using II as raw material to product IV through rectification under vacuum after completion of the reaction, it is obtained by the reaction at 20-100 DEG C to be passed through fluorine gas
It is spare that reaction solution through rectification under vacuum obtains product IV；
The preparation process of V is：It is reacted in the autoclave that raw material II I is placed in chlorine under 0.5-5MPa pressure, temperature
Degree control is at 70-120 DEG C, and the reaction time is 6-12 hours, and after completion of the reaction, rectifying obtains product V.
Compared with prior art, it is of the invention to have the advantages that：
Preparation process of the present invention is succinct, of low cost；Both sexes fluorocarbon surfactant has excellent emulsification, as
The auxiliary agent of fluoro-containing macromolecule material polymerization uses, and can also be used in the finishing agent of paper, leather and fabric as emulsifier,
It can be used simultaneously with metal surface decontaminating cleaning agents.Simultaneously amphoteric surfactant easily with other surfaces context of vaccine administration,
Different fluorine-containing surfactant stoste is configured, applied to various aspects, is especially applied to the aqueous film-forming foam of fire-fighting domain
Extinguishing chemical, main function are sprawled as foam stabilization, film forming.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is Ia in embodiment 11H NMR spectras
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is further explained, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to this, the field it is special
Industry technical staff content according to the present invention makes some non-intrinsically safe modifications and adaptations, still falls within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) in the three-necked bottle of 3L, natrium carbonicum calcinatum 120g is added in, then adds in tetraethyleneglycol dimethyl ether 1000mL, is delayed
Slow that raw material II a 680g are added dropwise, at 2 hours, temperature was controlled under 50 DEG C for time for adding control, and the reaction was continued after being added dropwise 3
Hour, then the phosphatase 11 50g and deionized water 150g of addition 85%, are warming up to 150 DEG C, then back flow reaction 2 hours is passed through
The mixture of product I IIa and water is steamed, after separation is dry, rectification under vacuum again obtains product I IIa580g,
Yield is 92%.
(2) in the three-necked bottle of 2L, N, N- dimethylated propyl diethylenetriamines 101g are dissolved in 500mL dichloromethane, add in triethylamine
Raw material II Ia (580g) dichloromethane (400mL) solution is added dropwise under ice bath, is added dropwise in 1 hour by 110g, removes ice bath heating
To room temperature, the reaction was continued 3 hours, after completion of the reaction, is evaporated dichloromethane, adds in ethyl acetate 1L, then add in deionized water
(300mL × 3) washing, the drying of organic layer anhydrous sodium sulfate are washed, filtering is evaporated solution and obtains the crude product 566g of VIa, yield
86%.
(3) in the three-necked bottle of 3L, intermediate VIa 566g obtained above, sodium chloroacetate 108g are placed in reaction bulb,
Ethyl alcohol 1000mL is added in, then adds in triethylamine 1mL and water 2mL, back flow reaction 24 hours filters out insoluble matter after completion of the reaction,
Filtrate decompression is evaporated, and obtains product I a 606g, yield 98%.
Fig. 1 is Ib's1H NMR spectras.
Chemical equation is as follows：
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is same as Example 1, and difference is：
Step (3) is：In the three-necked bottle of 1L, intermediate VIa 100g obtained above, hydrogen peroxide (30%) 20g are placed in
In reaction bulb, back flow reaction, every the hydrogen peroxide that 8 hours add similary equivalent, 24 hours after completion of the reaction, adds in manganese dioxide
0.04g, the reaction was continued 3 hours, and starch potassium iodide paper has tested whether hydrogen peroxide residue, then filters, and filtrate decompression is evaporated,
Obtain product I b 94g, yield 92%.
Chemical equation is as follows：
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is same as Example 1, and difference is：
Step (1) is：In the three-necked bottle of 3L, natrium carbonicum calcinatum 120g is added in, then adds in tetraethyleneglycol dimethyl ether
Raw material II 680g is slowly added dropwise in 1000mL, and time for adding control was at 2 hours, and temperature is controlled under 40 DEG C, after being added dropwise
The reaction was continued 3 hours, then adds in 65% sulfuric acid 350g, is warming up to 150 degrees Celsius, back flow reaction 2 hours, then through over-subtraction
Pressure steams the mixture of product I IIa and water, and after separation is dry, rectification under vacuum again obtains product 501g, and yield is
79%.
Chemical equation is as follows：
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is same as Example 1, and difference is：
Step (1) is：In the three-necked bottle of 3L, natrium carbonicum calcinatum 120g is added in, then adds in tetraethyleneglycol dimethyl ether
Raw material II 680g is slowly added dropwise in 1000mL, and time for adding control was at 2 hours, and temperature is controlled under 40 DEG C, after being added dropwise
The reaction was continued 3 hours, then adds in concentrated hydrochloric acid 270g, is stirred to react at room temperature 1 hour, then heats to 150 degrees Celsius, reflux
Then reaction 5 hours steams the mixture of product I IIa and water by vacuum distillation, after repeatedly washing and being washed till neutrality, pass through
Dry rectification under vacuum again obtains product 565g, yield 89%.
Chemical equation is as follows：
Embodiment 5
(1) raw material II Ia 210g and perfluoro-n-hexane 500mL being placed in the autoclave of 1L, nitrogen is replaced 3 times,
Temperature is down to 0 DEG C, is then slowly introducing 5% F in batches2/N2, each reaction kettle pressure increase to 1.5MPa stop ventilation, often
Batch Gap response 30 minutes, after fluorine gas total pressure drop down to logical fluorine gas after reaction equivalent, is stopped, the reaction was continued 1 hour, will be anti-
Liquid rectification under vacuum is answered to obtain product I Va 190g, yield 87%.
(2) in the three-necked bottle of 2L, N, N- dimethylated propyl diethylenetriamines 33g are dissolved in 200mL dichloromethane, add in triethylamine
Raw material IVa (190g) dichloromethane (200mL) solution is added dropwise under ice bath, is added dropwise in 1 hour, removes ice bath and be warming up to by 36g
Room temperature, the reaction was continued 3 hours, after completion of the reaction, is evaporated dichloromethane, adds in ethyl acetate 1L, then adds in deionization washing
(300mL × 3) washing, the drying of organic layer anhydrous sodium sulfate are washed, filtering is evaporated solution and obtains the crude product 185g of VIb, yield
86%.
(3) in the three-necked bottle of 1L, intermediate VIa 180g obtained above, sodium chloroacetate 34g is placed in reaction bulb, added
Enter ethyl alcohol 300mL, then add in triethylamine 1mL and water 2mL, back flow reaction 24 hours filters out insoluble matter, filtrate after completion of the reaction
Evaporated under reduced pressure obtains product I c193g, yield 98%.
Wherein, the IIIa in step (1) is to be obtained using the method for embodiment 1.
It is as follows to learn equation：
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment is same as Example 5, and difference is：
Step (3) is：In the three-necked bottle of 1L, intermediate VIb 102g obtained above, hydrogen peroxide (30%) 20g are placed in
In reaction bulb, back flow reaction, every the hydrogen peroxide that 8 hours add similary equivalent, 24 hours after completion of the reaction, adds in manganese dioxide
0.04g, the reaction was continued 3 hours, and starch potassium iodide paper has tested whether hydrogen peroxide residue, then filters, and filtrate decompression is evaporated,
Obtain product I d 88g, yield 86%.
Chemical equation is as follows：
Embodiment 7
The present embodiment is same as Example 5, and difference is：
Step (1) is：Raw material II a 33g and perfluoro-n-hexane 300mL are placed in the autoclave of 1L, nitrogen displacement
3 times, temperature is down to 0 DEG C, is then slowly introducing fluorine gas, and reactor pressure increases to 1.5MPa and stops ventilation, and 0 DEG C is reacted 5 hours
After be warming up to 50 DEG C the reaction was continued 5 hours, empty kettle internal pressure after reaction, reaction solution rectification under vacuum obtained into product
IVa25g, yield 76%.
Chemical equation is as follows：
Embodiment 8
(1) raw material II Ia 210g are placed in the autoclave of 1L, nitrogen is replaced 3 times, is slowly introducing dry chlorine
Gas, reaction kettle internal pressure close chlorine feed mouth after reaching 8.5MPa, and temperature rises to 70 DEG C, and after reacting 6 hours, reaction solution is depressurized
Rectifying obtains product Va 145g, yield 65%.
(2) in the three-necked bottle of 2L, N, N- dimethylated propyl diethylenetriamines 24g are dissolved in 100mL dichloromethane, add in triethylamine
Raw material Va (140g) dichloromethane (100mL) solution is added dropwise under ice bath, is added dropwise in 1 hour, removes ice bath and be warming up to by 24g
Room temperature, the reaction was continued 3 hours, after completion of the reaction, is evaporated dichloromethane, adds in ethyl acetate 1L, then adds in deionization washing
(300mL × 3) washing, the drying of organic layer anhydrous sodium sulfate are washed, filtering is evaporated solution and obtains the crude product 140g of VIc, yield
92%.
(3) in the three-necked bottle of 1L, intermediate VIc 135g obtained above, sodium chloroacetate 26g is placed in reaction bulb, added
Enter ethyl alcohol 400mL, then add in triethylamine 1.5mL and water 2mL, back flow reaction 24 hours filters out insoluble matter after completion of the reaction, filters
Liquid evaporated under reduced pressure obtains product I e 105g, yield 97%.
Wherein, the IIIa in step (1) is to be obtained using the method for embodiment 1.
Chemical equation is as follows：
Embodiment 9
The present embodiment is same as Example 8, and difference is：
Step (3) is：In the three-necked bottle of 1L, intermediate VIc 100g obtained above, hydrogen peroxide (30%) 20g are placed in
In reaction bulb, back flow reaction, every the hydrogen peroxide that 8 hours add similary equivalent, 24 hours after completion of the reaction, adds in manganese dioxide
0.04g, the reaction was continued 3 hours, and starch potassium iodide paper has tested whether hydrogen peroxide residue, then filters, and filtrate decompression is evaporated,
Obtain product I f 98g, yield 96%.
Reaction equation is as follows：
Embodiment 10
In the three-necked bottle of 1L, intermediate VIa 100g obtained above, chloromethylsulfonic acid sodium 25g are placed in reaction bulb,
Ethyl alcohol 300mL is added in, then adds in triethylamine 1mL and water 2mL, back flow reaction 24 hours filters out insoluble matter after completion of the reaction, filters
Liquid evaporated under reduced pressure obtains product I g 115g, yield 95%.
VIa in embodiment 10 employs the preparation method of the VIa of embodiment 1.
Chemical equation is as follows：
Claims (10)
1. a kind of fluorine-containing surfactant, which is characterized in that structural formula of compound is：
（Ⅰ）
Wherein
X is H or halogen；
M is the integer of 1-5；N is the integer of 1-10；
R1Alkyl for hydrogen, methyl or 2-6 carbon atom；
R2And R3It is the alkyl of 1-6 carbon atom；
A is O- or (CH2)pSO3 -；Wherein p is the integer of 1-10.
2. the fluorine-containing surfactant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that m 2, n 2-4.
3. the fluorine-containing surfactant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that-R1For hydrogen or methyl.
4. the fluorine-containing surfactant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that water of the compound a concentration of 0.1%
There is the surface tension no more than 16 mN/m in solution.
5. a kind of preparation method of fluorine-containing surfactant described in claim 1, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Primary amine is dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran solvent, alkali is added in, the molten of III, IV or V is added dropwise at a temperature of 30-60 DEG C
Final fluorocarbon surfactant is obtained by the reaction in liquid, obtained sulfonamide product with quaternizing agent respectively again；
；
Wherein,
The preparation process of III is：Raw material II was added drop-wise at 1-5 hours in the solvent for be previously added carbonate and is reacted, is added
Acid solution, after 130-180 DEG C of reflux, vacuum distillation obtains the mixed liquor of principal product III and water, is separated off water layer, dry,
The sterling of product III being obtained by filtration is spare；
The preparation process of IV is：Raw material II I is dissolved in fluothane solvent, fluorine gas is passed through at a temperature of -40 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C, until anti-
It is spare or using II as raw material to product IV through rectification under vacuum after should finishing, fluorine gas reaction solution obtained by the reaction is passed through through decompression essence
It evaporates to obtain product IV spare；
The preparation process of V is：Raw material II I is placed in chlorine in autoclave and is reacted, temperature is controlled at 70-120 DEG C, instead
It it is 6-12 hours between seasonable, after completion of the reaction, it is spare that rectifying obtains product V；
。
6. the preparation method of fluorine-containing surfactant according to claim 5, which is characterized in that step（1）In, raw material II
It is added drop-wise in the solvent for be previously added carbonate and reacts, between 20-80 DEG C, the reaction time controls in 4- controlling reaction temperature
10 hours.
7. the preparation method of fluorine-containing surfactant according to claim 5, which is characterized in that carbonate includes carbonic acid
It is one or more in sodium, potassium carbonate, lithium carbonate, cesium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or saleratus.
8. the preparation method of fluorine-containing surfactant according to claim 5, which is characterized in that solvent includes ethylene glycol two
It is one or more in methyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether or tetraethyleneglycol dimethyl ether.
9. the preparation method of fluorine-containing surfactant according to claim 5, which is characterized in that quaternizing agent is dioxygen
Water or chloro alkyl carboxylate or chloro alkylsulfonate.
10. a kind of application of fluorine-containing surfactant described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the compound is applied to
Fire-fighting, oil field, chemical industry, weaving or field of papermaking.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999041292A1 (en) * | 1998-02-13 | 1999-08-19 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluorinated ionomers and their uses |
| CN102389745A (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2012-03-28 | 华中师范大学 | Preparation method of fluorine-containing double-type cationic surfactant and use thereof |
| CN102500087A (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2012-06-20 | 徐衡 | Method for preparing perfluorohexane surfactant serving as main agent of aqueous film-forming extinguishing agent directly |
| CN102633688A (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2012-08-15 | 华东理工大学 | Perfluorovinyl ether sulfonate as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN105017097A (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2015-11-04 | 武汉市化学工业研究所有限责任公司 | Preparation method for surfactant N-carboxyethyl, N-3-dimethylaminopropyl-perfluoro hexyl sulfonamide |
-
2015
- 2015-12-31 CN CN201511031679.1A patent/CN105833792B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999041292A1 (en) * | 1998-02-13 | 1999-08-19 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluorinated ionomers and their uses |
| CN102389745A (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2012-03-28 | 华中师范大学 | Preparation method of fluorine-containing double-type cationic surfactant and use thereof |
| CN102500087A (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2012-06-20 | 徐衡 | Method for preparing perfluorohexane surfactant serving as main agent of aqueous film-forming extinguishing agent directly |
| CN102633688A (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2012-08-15 | 华东理工大学 | Perfluorovinyl ether sulfonate as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN105017097A (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2015-11-04 | 武汉市化学工业研究所有限责任公司 | Preparation method for surfactant N-carboxyethyl, N-3-dimethylaminopropyl-perfluoro hexyl sulfonamide |
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Address after: 256401 Dongyue fluorosilicone Material Industrial Park, Tangshan Town, Huantai, Zibo, Shandong Patentee after: Shandong Dongyue future hydrogen energy materials Co., Ltd Address before: 256401 Dongyue fluorosilicone Material Industrial Park, Tangshan Town, Huantai, Zibo, Shandong Patentee before: Shandong Dongyue future hydrogen energy materials Co.,Ltd. |