CN105828904B

CN105828904B - Fibrillating fibre for liquid filtration media

Info

Publication number: CN105828904B
Application number: CN201480068686.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 霍华德·于; 谢哈·斯瓦米纳坦
Original assignee: Hollingsworth and Vose Co
Current assignee: Hollingsworth and Vose Co
Priority date: 2013-12-19
Filing date: 2014-12-19
Publication date: 2019-09-13
Anticipated expiration: 2034-12-19
Also published as: EP3083003A1; EP3083003A4; WO2015095732A1; CN105828904A

Abstract

The web for filter medium is described in the application.In some embodiments, web includes fibrillating fibre and optional nonfibrillated fiber and other optional components (for example, binder resin).In some embodiments, web comprising limited amount glass fibre or does not include glass fibre.The each feature and amount of fibrillating fibre are selected to assign desirable properties, including mechanical property and filtering feature (for example, dust containing capacity and efficiency) and other benefits.

Description

Fibrillating fibre for liquid filtration media

Technical field

Various aspects described herein generally relate to the fiber of the fibrillating fibre comprising can be used for filter medium Net.

Background technique

Filter medium can be used to remove pollutant in various applications.In general, filter medium includes one or more Web.Web provides the porous structure for allowing fluid (for example, fuel, lubricating oil, hydraulic fluid, air) to flow through the net. The contaminant particle for including in fluid can be trapped on web.Web feature (for example, fiber size, fiber composition, Weight per unit area (basis weight) etc.) influence mechanical property (for example, elongation percentage, intensity etc.) and strainability (for example, Dust containing capacity, liquid filter efficiency etc.).

Certain filter mediums include the net containing glass fibre.Although usually having required strainability, glass Web can express limited intensity and Brittleness, this may cause processing, further processing (for example, pleating, cut Cut), installation and use during fibre shedding.The presence of glass fibre can also cause environmental problem in filter medium.

In some applications, it may be desirable to limit the amount of glass fibre in web, but still realize that desired includes given The balance of properties of filtration efficiency and/or High dust holding amount etc. under pressure drop.

Summary of the invention

There is described herein comprising fibrillating fibre and can be used for the web of filter medium.

In some embodiments, a series of filter mediums are provided.In one group of embodiment, filter medium contains There is the wet-laid fibrous web of more synthetic fibers.[the mean flow pore size (μm)/(permeability of the wet-laid fibrous web (cfm/sf))^0.5] value is less than or equal to about 3.0.In addition, the wet-laid fibrous web includes about 0 weight % to about 10 weights Measure the glass fibre of %.The weight per unit area of the filter medium is greater than about 10g/m²And less than or equal to about 1000g/m², With a thickness of about 0.1mm to about 10.0mm.

In another set of embodiments, filter medium includes the web containing more synthetic fibers.The web [mean flow pore size (μm)/(permeability (cfm/sf))^0.5] value be less than about 3.0.In addition, the dust containing capacity of web is greater than or waits In about 80g/m², wherein the dust containing capacity uses multi-pass filtration test (Multipass according to 16889/19438 program of ISO Filter Tests) the basis 25mg/L upstream weight level (base upstream gravimetric level, BUGL), It is measured under 0.06cm/ seconds face velocities and 100kPa terminal pressure.Wet-laid fibrous web includes about 0 weight % to about 10 weights Measure the glass fibre of %.In addition, the weight per unit area of filter medium is greater than about 10g/m²And less than or equal to about 1000g/m², With a thickness of about 0.1mm to about 10.0mm.

In another set of embodiments, filter medium includes the web containing more fibrillating fibres.Web includes The glass fibre of about 0 weight % to about 10 weight %.Filter medium is at least to the liquid filter efficiency of 4 microns or larger particle 98%, wherein the efficiency uses multi-pass filtration test in the basis 25mg/L upstream weight according to 16889/19438 program of ISO It is measured under horizontal (BUGL), 0.06cm/ seconds face velocities and 100kPa terminal pressure.In addition, the unit plane of the filter medium Product weight is greater than about 10g/m²And less than or equal to about 1000g/m², with a thickness of about 0.1mm to about 10.0mm.

In another set of embodiments, filter medium includes the first layer containing more organic polymer fibers, and is contained The second layer of fibrillating fibre more than or equal to 60 weight %.First weight per unit area of first layer greater than or equal to about 10g/m²And it is less than about 300g/m².Second weight per unit area of the second layer is greater than or equal to 3g/m²And it is less than about 200g/m²。 The ratio between first weight per unit area and the second weight per unit area are at least 3:1 and are less than 14:1.The thickness of the filter medium It is about 0.3mm to about 10.0mm.

In another set of embodiments, filter medium includes the first layer that combines with extra play (for example, third layer) and the Two layers.First layer and/or the second layer are wet laid layer (for example, the layer formed by wet laying process).Extra play is non- Wet laid layer (for example, the layer formed by non-wet laying process) and may include meltblown fibers, melt spun fibre, centrifugal spinning Fiber or the fiber formed by other non-wet laying processes.First layer includes more organic polymer fibers, second layer packet Containing more synthetic fibers.At least one of first layer and the second layer include fibrillating fibre (for example, first layer and/or second The about 1 weight % to about 100 weight % of layer).First layer and/or the second layer include the glass of about 0 weight % to about 10 weight % Fiber.Extra play includes synthetic polymeric fibers.Filter medium may be implemented at least about 30% (for example, about 60% to about 99.9%) fuel-water separative efficiency.

In certain embodiments above-mentioned and described herein, first layer and/or the second layer can be non-wet laid layer (example Such as, by meltblown fibers, melt spun fibre, dry-laying (through what is combed) fiber, centrifugal spinning fiber, spun-bonded fibre and/or air-flow Formed at network fiber), as described herein.

In certain embodiments above-mentioned and described herein, the weight per unit area of extra play can be about 5g/m²To about 800g/m², air penetrability is smaller than about 1300cfm/sf, and avarage fiber diameter is smaller than 100 microns.

In certain embodiments above-mentioned and described herein, the weight per unit area of entire filter medium can be greater than about 10g/m²And less than or equal to about 1000g/m², thickness can be about 0.1mm to about 10.0mm.

In some embodiments above-mentioned and described herein, under 4 microns at least 99% effect is may be implemented in filter medium Rate, at least 99% starting efficiency and the dust containing capacity of at least 150gsm.

When considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, according to each non-limiting embodiments of the invention following detailed description of, this hair Other bright advantages and novel feature will become apparent.This specification and the file that is incorporated by reference into include conflict and/or In the case where inconsistent disclosure, answer subject to the present specification.If two or more file packets being incorporated by reference into Containing conflict/or inconsistent disclosure relative to each other, then effective date later file should be subject to.

Detailed description of the invention

Non-limiting embodiments of the invention are described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, these attached drawings are schematic And be not drawn on scale.Each identical component or almost the same component shown in the figure are usually by single attached drawing mark Note indicates.For the sake of clarity, it is not so that those of ordinary skill in the art understand place of the invention not needing diagram and come Each component is labeled, nor each component in each embodiment of the invention is shown.In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram for showing the web according to one group of embodiment.

Specific embodiment

There is described herein the webs for filter medium.In some embodiments, web includes fibril chemical fibre The optional nonfibrillated fiber of peacekeeping and other optional components (for example, binder resin).In some embodiments, Web is comprising limited amount glass fibre or does not include glass fibre.The each feature and amount of fibrillating fibre are selected It include mechanical property and filtering feature (for example, dust containing capacity and efficiency) and other benefits to assign desired characteristic.By net The filter medium of formation may be particularly useful for being related to filtering the application of fuel, but the medium can also be used for other application (for example, For filtering lubricant oil, hydraulic fluid, air).In some embodiments, web described herein may include multiple Layer, but other configurations are also possible.

It advantageously, in some embodiments, can be with the surface area of increased fiber net, so that described using fibrillating fibre One or more characteristics of medium improve, such as increase particle capture efficiency and/or dust containing capacity.Also using fibrillating fibre May make the average pore size of the web compared to similar characteristic (for example, weight per unit area, fiber type etc.) but The web for lacking fibrillating fibre reduces.Therefore, the web comprising such fibrillating fibre can have relatively low Pressure drop realizes that the efficiency of per unit thickness increases simultaneously.In some embodiments, web described herein can have Have limited amount glass fibre or without glass fibre in the case where the characteristic that these improvements are also achieved.

Web described herein can have single layer or multiple layers.In some embodiments comprising multiple layers, Clearly stratum boundary limit may not be always it will be evident that as described in more detail below.One example of web is shown in Figure 1.Such as Illustrative shown in Fig. 1, web 10 includes first layer 15 and the second layer 20 with combination thickness 25.Optionally, the fiber Net may include extra play (not shown).First layer may be provided at the upstream or downstream of the second layer in filter element.In some realities It applies in scheme, first layer is compared to layer that the second layer is opposing open (for example, having relatively high air penetrability), and the second layer Compared to the layer (for example, there is relatively low air penetrability) that first layer is relative close.In other embodiments, first layer Compared to the layer that first layer is relative close, and the second layer is the layer of opposing open compared to the second layer.

As described in more detail below, one or more fibrillating fibres may be present in at least one layer of web, Such as in first layer, in the second layer, in first layer and second layer the two or in all layers.In some embodiments, First layer structure may be configured to dust containing capacity with higher.In some cases, first layer is also configured to filtering with higher Efficiency.In some embodiments, first layer may include fibrillating fibre, but first layer does not include in other embodiments Fibrillating fibre.In some cases, first layer may be provided at the upstream of the second layer in filter element.In some embodiments In, the second layer includes one or more fibrillating fibres and is configured to realize higher filter efficiency.In some embodiment party In case, the second layer can also have good appearance dirt characteristic.The second layer may be provided at the downstream of first layer in filter element.Such as with The characteristic of lower more detailed description, web can be by changing the fibrillating fibre being present in the one or more layers of web Amount, the fibrillation level of the type of fibrillating fibre and/or fiber adjusts.Fibrillating fibre in each layer is provided below Suitable type, the example of amount and fibrillation level.

Although other layers may be present in other embodiments it should be understood that Fig. 1 only shows first layer and the second layer. For example, web may include being arranged to following third layer: with first layer direct neighbor (for example, in the side opposite with the second layer On), and second layer direct neighbor (for example, on side opposite with first layer), or between first layer and the second layer.It is additional Layer is also possible.In certain embodiments, can be used in web extra play (for example, third layer, the 4th layer etc.) with Dust containing capacity, service life, liquid filter efficiency, water separative efficiency and/or intensity are improved (for example, Maron (Mullen) rupture strength, drawing Stretch intensity, elongation percentage) one of or more person, as described in more detail below.Furthermore, it is to be understood that any extra play (example Such as, third layer, the 4th layer etc.) there can be any feature or property described herein to first layer or the second layer.

In some embodiments, web 10 includes fine limit between first layer and the second layer.For example, web It may include apparent interface 40 between the two layers.In some such embodiments, first layer and the second layer can independent shapes At then being combined by any appropriate method (such as lamination, sequence (collation)) or by using adhesive. Different process or same process can be used to be formed for first layer and the second layer (and any extra play).For example, first layer and second Each of layer (and any extra play) can be by wet laying process, non-wet laying process (for example, dry-laying Technique, spinning technique, melt-blown process) or other any suitable techniques be separately formed.

In other embodiments, web 10 does not include fine limit between first layer and the second layer.For example, two Clear interface may be unobvious between layer.In some cases, the thickness for forming the layer perforating fiber net of web is likely difficult to It is distinguished from each other.In such embodiments, first layer and the second layer can be by same process (for example, wet laying process, non- Wet laying process (for example, dry-laying process, spinning technique, melt-blown process) or other any suitable techniques) or it is logical Different process is crossed to be formed.In some cases, first layer and the second layer can be formed simultaneously.

No matter fine limit whether there is, in some embodiments, web 10 includes between first layer and one or two layers Cross the gradient (that is, variation) of a part of thickness of the web or following one or more characteristics of full depth: for example The amount of fibrillating fibre, the fibrillation of fiber level, fibre diameter, fiber type, fiber composition, fibre length, fiber surface Chemistry, aperture, density of material, weight per unit area, hardness, the ratio of component (for example, binder, resin, crosslinking agent), just Degree, tensile strength, wicking capacity (wicking ability), hydrophilic/hydrophobic and conductibility).It is suitable as filter medium Web optionally include the gradient for crossing one or more performance characteristics of thickness of the web, such as efficiency, hold Dust quantity, pressure drop, permeability and porosity.The gradient of one or more such characteristics may be present in 30 He of web top surface In web between bottom surface 35.

It can have different type and different configuration of gradient in web.In some embodiments, in web Top surface and bottom surface between the gradients of one or more characteristics be gradual change (for example, linear, curvilinear).Example Such as, the fibrillating fibre amount of web can increase from the top surface of web to bottom surface.In another embodiment, fine Tieing up net may include the step gradient for crossing one or more characteristics of thickness of web.In such embodiment In, characteristic transition can occur mainly at the interface 40 between two layers.For example, web (such as with including the first fiber-like The first layer of type and the second layer comprising the second fiber type) there can be the unexpected transformation crossed between the fiber type of interface. In other words, each layer of web can be relatively different.Other gradient types are also possible.

In certain embodiments, web may include one or more characteristics of the segment thickness of perforating fiber net Gradient.In web there is no in the part of gradient, the characteristic through the part of net can be substantial constant.Such as this Described in text, in some cases, gradient is related to crossing the thickness component of web (for example, type (such as fibril of fiber Chemical fibre dimension, hardwood fiber, cork fibrous), additive, binder) different proportion.In some embodiments, component can be with Exist to be different from the amount or concentration of another part of web.In other embodiments, component is present in web In a part, but it is not present in another part of web.Other configurations are also possible.

In some embodiments, web has one or more in two or more regions of the web The gradient of characteristic.For example, the web comprising three layers can have the first ladder of a characteristic for crossing first layer and the second layer Degree, and cross the second gradient of another characteristic of the second layer and third layer.First gradient and the second gradient are in some implementations Can be identical in scheme, or in other embodiments can be different (for example, being characterized in that crossing the thickness property of web gradually Become and be mutated).Other configurations are also possible.

Web can be according to concrete application and required performance characteristic and comprising the layer of any suitable number, for example, at least 2 Layer, 3 layers, 4 layers, 5 layers, 6 layers, 7 layers, 8 layers or 9 layers.It should be understood that in some embodiments, the layer for forming web is crossing It may be not different each other on the thickness of web.Therefore, in some cases, by such as two " layers " or two kinds, " fiber is mixed Closing object " web that is formed is further characterized in that the list " layer " (or " compound " with the gradient for crossing web Layer).Such composite layer is optionally combined with the extra play in web to be formed for example in certain parts of web With one or more gradients but in the fiber of no one of other parts of web or more gradient Net.

For example, the first layer of the web 10 of Fig. 1 does not include the spy for crossing the thickness of first layer in one group of embodiment Property gradient, but the second layer includes the gradient for crossing the thickness of the second layer.In another example, the web 10 of Fig. 1 First layer include the gradient for crossing the thickness of first layer, but the second layer does not include the characteristic for crossing the thickness of the second layer Gradient.In other embodiments, both first layer and the second layer include one or more spies for crossing the thickness of layer Property gradient.Other configurations are also possible.As described herein, one or more characteristics for crossing the thickness change of layer can wrap Include concentration, the fibrillation of the fiber level, fiber type (for example, type of fibrillating fibre), fiber of such as fibrillating fibre Diameter, fiber composition, fibre length, fiber surface chemistry, aperture, density of material, weight per unit area, hardness, component (example Such as, binder, resin, crosslinking agent) ratio, rigidity, tensile strength, wicking capacity, hydrophilic/hydrophobic and conductibility.

As described above, web described herein includes one or more fibrillating fibres.Such as the common skill in this field Well known to art personnel, fibrillating fibre includes the precursor fiber for being branched off into the fibrinogen of small diameter, in some cases, described The fibrinogen of small diameter can further be branched off into the fibrinogen of smaller diameter, and the fibrinogen of the smaller diameter can also be into one Walk branch.Branch's property of fibrinogen generate the web with high surface area and can increase in the net fibrillating fibre with Contact point quantity between other fibers.The fibrillating fibre of the net is such with the contact point of other fibers and/or component Increase the mechanical property (for example, flexible, intensity) and/or filtration performance characteristics that can help to enhance the web.

In general, the fibrillating fibre for including in web can have any suitable level of fibrillation.Fibrillation level relates to And in fiber branch degree.The average fibrillation level of fiber can become between the different layers in multiple layered fibre nets Change.For example, first layer may include the fiber compared with the fiber of the second layer with lower fibrillation level.In other embodiment party In case, first layer may include the fiber compared with the fiber of the second layer with higher fibrillation level.

Average fibrillation level can be comprising single type fibrillating fibre or comprising more than one according to layer (or net) Type fibrillating fibre and in layer variation (or changing in entire net).It can be in one or more layers of web Using identical fibre type but by the fiber of different degrees of fibrillation.

Fibrillation level can be measured according to any number of appropriate method.Such as, level of fibrillation of the fibrillated fibers are horizontal Can according to the Canadian Standard Freeness (CSF) as defined in 09 pulp freeness of TAPPI test method T 227om test come Measurement.The test can provide average CSF value.In some embodiments, fibrillating fibre used in web is averaged CSF value can change in about 10mL between about 750mL.In certain embodiments, fibrillating fibre used in web Average CSF value is greater than or equal to 1mL, greater than or equal to about 10mL, greater than or equal to about 20mL, greater than or equal to about 35mL, greater than or equal to about 50mL, is greater than greater than or equal to about 65mL greater than or equal to about 70mL greater than or equal to about 45mL Or it is equal to about 75mL and is greater than or equal to greater than or equal to about 100mL greater than or equal to about 150mL greater than or equal to about 80mL About 175mL, greater than or equal to about 200mL, greater than or equal to about 250mL, greater than or equal to about 300mL, greater than or equal to about 350mL, greater than or equal to about 500mL, greater than or equal to about 600mL, greater than or equal to about 650mL, greater than or equal to about 700mL, or greater than or equal to about 750mL.

In some embodiments, the average CSF value of fibrillating fibre used in web may be less than or be equal to about 800mL, less than or equal to about 750mL, less than or equal to about 700mL, less than or equal to about 650mL, less than or equal to about 600mL, less than or equal to about 550mL, less than or equal to about 500mL, less than or equal to about 450mL, less than or equal to about 400mL, less than or equal to about 350mL, less than or equal to about 300mL, less than or equal to about 250mL, less than or equal to about 225mL, less than or equal to about 200mL, less than or equal to about 150mL, less than or equal to about 100mL, less than or equal to about 90mL, Less than or equal to about 85mL, less than or equal to about 70mL, less than or equal to about 50mL, less than or equal to about 40mL, or it is less than Or it is equal to about 25mL.The combination of above range be also it is possible (for example, greater than or equal to about 10mL and less than or equal to about The average CSF value of the fibrillating fibre of 300mL).Other ranges are also possible.Fibrillating fibre used in web is put down Equal CSF value can the fibrillating fibre based on a type of fibrillating fibre or more than one type.

In some embodiments, level of fibrillation of the fibrillated fibers level can according to Xiao Baierruigele (SR) test come Measurement.In some embodiments, the average SR value of fibrillating fibre may be greater than about 20 ° of SR, greater than about 30 ° of SR, greater than about 40 ° of SR, greater than about 50 ° of SR, or greater than about 60 ° of SR.In some embodiments, the average SR value of fibrillating fibre can be small In about 80 ° of SR, it is less than about 70 ° of SR, is less than about 60 ° of SR, is less than about 50 ° of SR, or be less than about 40 ° of SR.It is appreciated that average SR Value can be between any of the above-described lower and upper limit.For example, the average SR value of fibrillating fibre can be about 20 ° of SR to about 70 ° of SR, about 20 ° of SR to about 60 ° of SR, or about 30 ° of SR to about 50 ° of SR, about 32 ° of SR to about 52 ° of SR, or about 40 ° of SR to about 50 ° of SR.

It should be understood that in certain embodiments, fiber can have fibrillation outside the above range horizontal.

Include at least in the embodiment of first layer and the second layer in web, such as the reality shown in being illustrated in Figure 1 property It applies in scheme, the average CSF value of fibrillating fibre (if present) is alterable in each layer.For example, if in first layer including fibrillation Fiber, then the average CSF value of fibrillating fibre can change in about 10mL between 750mL between about in first layer.In certain realities It applies in scheme, the average CSF value of fibrillating fibre used in first layer is greater than or equal to 1mL, greater than or equal to about 10mL, greater than or equal to about 35mL, is greater than greater than or equal to about 45mL greater than or equal to about 50mL greater than or equal to about 20mL Or it is equal to about 65mL, and greater than or equal to about 70mL, greater than or equal to about 75mL, greater than or equal to about 80mL, greater than or equal to about 100mL, greater than or equal to about 150mL, greater than or equal to about 175mL, greater than or equal to about 200mL, greater than or equal to about 250mL, greater than or equal to about 300mL, greater than or equal to about 350mL, greater than or equal to about 500mL, greater than or equal to about 600mL, greater than or equal to about 650mL, greater than or equal to about 700mL, or greater than or equal to about 750mL.

In some embodiments, the average CSF value of fibrillating fibre used in first layer may be less than or be equal to about 750mL, less than or equal to about 700mL, less than or equal to about 650mL, less than or equal to about 600mL, less than or equal to about 550mL, less than or equal to about 500mL, less than or equal to about 450mL, less than or equal to about 400mL, less than or equal to about 350mL, less than or equal to about 300mL, less than or equal to about 250mL, less than or equal to about 225mL, less than or equal to about 200mL, less than or equal to about 150mL, less than or equal to about 100mL, less than or equal to about 90mL, less than or equal to about 85mL, Less than or equal to about 70mL, less than or equal to about 50mL, less than or equal to about 40mL, or less than or equal to about 25mL.It is above-mentioned The combination of range is also possible (for example, fibrillating fibre greater than or equal to about 10mL and less than or equal to about 300mL is flat Equal CSF value).Other ranges are also possible.The average CSF value of fibrillating fibre used in first layer can be based on a seed type Fibrillating fibre or more than one type fibrillating fibre.

If in the second layer including fibrillating fibre, in the second layer the average CSF value of fibrillating fibre can about 10mL extremely Change between 750mL between about.In certain embodiments, the average CSF value of fibrillating fibre used in the second layer can be More than or equal to 1mL, greater than or equal to about 10mL, greater than or equal to about 20mL, greater than or equal to about 35mL, greater than or equal to about 45mL, greater than or equal to about 65mL, is greater than greater than or equal to about 70mL greater than or equal to about 75mL greater than or equal to about 50mL Or it is equal to about 80mL and is greater than or equal to greater than or equal to about 150mL greater than or equal to about 175mL greater than or equal to about 100mL About 200mL, greater than or equal to about 250mL, greater than or equal to about 300mL, greater than or equal to about 350mL, greater than or equal to about 500mL, greater than or equal to about 600mL, greater than or equal to about 650mL, greater than or equal to about 700mL, or greater than or equal to about 750mL。

In some embodiments, the average CSF value of fibrillating fibre used in the second layer may be less than or be equal to about 750mL, less than or equal to about 700mL, less than or equal to about 650mL, less than or equal to about 600mL, less than or equal to about 550mL, less than or equal to about 500mL, less than or equal to about 450mL, less than or equal to about 400mL, less than or equal to about 350mL, less than or equal to about 300mL, less than or equal to about 250mL, less than or equal to about 225mL, less than or equal to about 200mL, less than or equal to about 150mL, less than or equal to about 100mL, less than or equal to about 90mL, less than or equal to about 85mL, Less than or equal to about 70mL, less than or equal to about 50mL, less than or equal to about 40mL, or less than or equal to about 25mL.It is above-mentioned The combination of range is also possible (for example, fibrillating fibre greater than or equal to about 10mL and less than or equal to about 300mL is flat Equal CSF value).Other ranges are also possible.The average CSF value of fibrillating fibre used in the second layer can be based on a seed type Fibrillating fibre or more than one type fibrillating fibre.

Fibrillating fibre can be formed by any appropriate material, such as synthetic material (for example, synthetic polymer such as polyester, Polyamide, contraposition Nomex, meta position Nomex, polyimides, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyether-ether-ketone, gathers Nomex Ethylene glycol terephthalate, polyolefin, nylon, acrylic compounds, regenerated cellulose (for example, Lyocell fiber, artificial silk), liquid Crystalline polymer is (for example, polyparaphenylene -2,6- benzo is doubleAzoles (PBO), polyesters liquid crystal polymer such as pass through 4- hydroxy benzenes The polyester that the polycondensation reaction of formic acid and 6- hydroxyl naphthalene -2- formic acid generates) and natural material (for example, natural polymer such as cellulose (for example, non-renewable cellulose), organic fiber such as wool)).In some embodiments, using organic polymer fiber.At certain In a little embodiments, carbon fiber is used.

In some embodiments, fibrillating fibre can be synthetic fibers.Synthetic fibers as used herein are served as reasons The non-naturally occurring fiber that polymer material is formed.Fibrillating fibre can also be non-synthetic materials, for example, naturally occurring fibre Cellulose fiber.Cellulose fibre may include such as lignocellulose fiber and non-woody cellulosic fibers.It is appreciated that fibrillation Fiber may include any appropriate combination of synthetic fibers and/or non-synthetic fibers.

In certain embodiments, fibrillating fibre is formed by Lyocell fiber.Lyocell fiber is as a type of Synthetic fibers and it is known to those skilled in the art and can be generated by solvent spinning by regenerated cellulose.

In certain embodiments, fibrillating fibre is formed by artificial silk.Artificial silk is well known to those skilled in the art. It can also be generated by regenerated cellulose and acetin method, cuprammonium process or adhering process can be used to generate.In these methods, Cellulose or cellulose solution can be spun into fiber.

Fiber can pass through any appropriate fibrillation fine grinding technology fibrillation.In some embodiments, circle can be used Disk lapping machine, beater or other any suitable fibrillation equipment make fiber fibrillation.

It should be understood that in certain embodiments, fibrillating fibre can have component in addition to those described.For example, closing Suitable component may include acrylic compounds, liquid crystal polymer, gatherAzoles is (for example, poly- (double to phenylene -2,6- benzoAzoles), poly- virtue Amide, contraposition Nomex, lignocellulosic, non-wooden cellulose, cotton, polyethylene, polyolefin and alkene etc..

In general, fibrillating fibre can have any appropriate size (for example, size by being measured microscopically).

As described above, fibrillating fibre includes precursor fiber and fibrinogen.The average diameter of precursor fiber can be for example, about 1 Micron is to about 75 microns.In some embodiments, the average diameter of precursor fiber may be less than or be equal to 75 microns, be less than or Equal to 60 microns, it is less than or equal to 50 microns, is less than or equal to 40 microns, be less than or equal to 30 microns, it is micro- is less than or equal to 20 Rice, or it is less than or equal to 15 microns.In some embodiments, the average diameter of precursor fiber is greater than or equal to about 10 Micron, greater than or equal to about 15 microns, greater than or equal to about 20 microns, greater than or equal to about 30 microns, greater than or equal to about 40 Micron, greater than or equal to about 50 microns, greater than or equal to about 60 microns, or greater than or equal to about 75 microns.Above range Combination is also possible (for example, the average diameter of precursor fiber is greater than or equal to about 15 microns and to be less than about 75 microns).Its His range is also possible.

The average diameter of fibrinogen can be for example, about 0.2 micron to about 15 microns.In some embodiments, fibrinogen Average diameter may be less than or be equal to about 15 microns, less than or equal to about 10 microns, less than or equal to about 8 microns, is less than or waits In about 6 microns, less than or equal to about 4 microns, less than or equal to about 3 microns, less than or equal to about 2 microns, or it is less than or waits In about 1 micron.In some embodiments, the average diameter of fibrinogen is greater than or equal to about 0.2 micron, is greater than or equal to It is about 1 micron, micro- greater than or equal to about 6 greater than or equal to about 4 microns greater than or equal to about 3 microns greater than or equal to about 2 microns Rice, greater than or equal to about 8 microns, or greater than or equal to about 10 microns.The combination of above range is also possible (for example, former The average diameter of fiber is greater than or equal to about 3 microns and to be less than about 6 microns).Other ranges are also possible.

The average length of the fibrillating fibre can for for example, about 1mm to about 15mm (for example, about 0.2mm to about 12mm, Or about 2mm to about 4mm).In some embodiments, the average length of fibrillating fibre may be less than or be equal to about 15mm, small In or be equal to about 12mm, less than or equal to about 10mm, less than or equal to about 8mm, less than or equal to about 6mm, less than or equal to about 4mm, or less than or equal to about 2mm.In certain embodiments, the average length of fibrillating fibre is greater than or equal to about 2mm, greater than or equal to about 6mm, greater than or equal to about 8mm, greater than or equal to about 10mm, or is greater than greater than or equal to about 4mm Or it is equal to about 12mm.The combination of above range be also it is possible (for example, the average length of fibrillating fibre be greater than or equal to about 2mm and be less than about 12mm).Other ranges are also possible.The average length of fibrillating fibre refer to from one end of precursor fiber to The average length of the precursor fiber of opposite end.In some embodiments, the maximum average length of fibrillating fibre is fallen in above-mentioned In range.Maximum average length refer to along fibrillating fibre (comprising precursor fiber and fibrinogen) an axis it is maximum sized Average value.

When fibrillating fibre is Lyocell fiber or when fibrillating fibre is the material in addition to Lyocell fiber, Above-mentioned size can be for example above-mentioned size.It should be understood that in certain embodiments, the size of fiber and fibrinogen can be in above-mentioned model Except enclosing.

In general, web may include the fibrillating fibre of any appropriate weight percent to realize that desired characteristic is flat Weighing apparatus.In some embodiments, the weight percent of fibrillating fibre is about 1 weight % to about 100 weight % (examples in web Such as, about 2 weight % to about 60 weight %).For example, the weight percent of fibrillating fibre is greater than or equal to about in web 2 weight %, greater than or equal to about 5 weight %, greater than or equal to about 10 weight %, greater than or equal to about 15 weight %, be greater than or Equal to about 20 weight %, greater than or equal to about 25 weight %, greater than or equal to about 30 weight %, greater than or equal to about 35 weights % is measured, greater than or equal to about 50 weight %, or is greater than greater than or equal to about 40 weight % greater than or equal to about 45 weight % Or it is equal to about 60 weight %.In some embodiments, in web fibrillating fibre weight percent be less than or equal to About 100 weight % are small less than or equal to about 70 weight % less than or equal to about 80 weight % less than or equal to about 90 weight % In or be equal to about 60 weight %, less than or equal to about 55 weight %, less than or equal to about 50 weight %, less than or equal to about 45 weights Amount % is less than or waits less than or equal to about 30 weight % less than or equal to about 35 weight % less than or equal to about 40 weight % In about 25 weight %, less than or equal to about 20 weight %, less than or equal to about 15 weight %, less than or equal to about 10 weight %, Or less than or equal to about 5 weight %.The combination of above range is also possible (to be greater than about 2 weight % and be less than or wait In the weight percent of about 25 weight %).Other ranges are also possible.

In some embodiments, the web of the amount compared with other webs with bigger fibrillating fibre can be with The relatively a greater degree of flexible and intensity compared with other webs is showed, for example, compared with other webs, elongation percentage, Tensile strength and/or rupture strength increase.

In certain embodiments, the layer (for example, first layer or second layer) in web or web include have than The fibrillating fibre of higher original fiber degree.In some such embodiments, it may be necessary to small amount fibrillating fibre To realize and the fibrillating fibre with relatively low original fiber degree but have a large amount of such web of fiber identical Structure and/or performance characteristic.In certain embodiments, the layer in web or web is (for example, first layer or second Layer) comprising average CSF value be following fibrillating fibre: greater than or be equal to about 10mL and less than or equal to about 300mL, be less than or Equal to about 250mL, less than or equal to about 225mL, it is less than or equal to less than or equal to about 200mL less than or equal to about 150mL About 100mL, less than or equal to about 90mL, less than or equal to about 85mL, less than or equal to about 70mL, less than or equal to about 50mL, Less than or equal to about 40mL, or less than or equal to about 25mL.The fibrillation in the layer in such web or the web The weight percent of fiber can be to be greater than or be equal to about 2 weight % (for example, greater than or equal to about 5 weight %, to be greater than or wait In about 10 weight %, greater than or equal to about 15 weight %, greater than or equal to about 20 weight %, greater than or equal to about 25 weight %, Greater than or equal to about 30 weight %, greater than or equal to about 35 weight %, greater than or equal to about 40 weight %, greater than or equal to about 45 Weight %, greater than or equal to about 50 weight %, greater than or equal to about 60 weight %, greater than or equal to about 70 weight %, be greater than or Equal to about 80 weight %) and less than or equal to about 90 weight %, less than or equal to about 80 weight %, less than or equal to about 70 weights Amount % is less than or waits less than or equal to about 50 weight % less than or equal to about 55 weight % less than or equal to about 60 weight % In about 45 weight %, less than or equal to about 40 weight %, less than or equal to about 35 weight %, less than or equal to about 30 weight %, Less than or equal to about 25 weight %, less than or equal to about 20 weight %, less than or equal to about 15 weight %, less than or equal to about 10 Weight %, or less than or equal to about 5 weight %.Other ranges are also possible.

Include at least in the embodiment of first layer and the second layer in web, such as the reality shown in being illustrated in Figure 1 property It applies in scheme, the weight percent of fibrillating fibre can also change in each layer.For example, in some embodiments, in first layer The weight percent of fibrillating fibre can be about 0 weight % to about 100 weight %.In some embodiments, the of web The weight percent of fibrillating fibre is greater than or equal to about 2 weight % in one layer, greater than or equal to about 10 weight %, is greater than Or it is equal to about 20 weight %, greater than or equal to about 40 weight %, greater than or equal to about 60 weight %, or greater than or equal to about 80 Weight %.In some embodiments, the weight percent of fibrillating fibre may be less than or be equal to about 100 weights in first layer Amount % is less than or waits less than or equal to about 20 weight % less than or equal to about 40 weight % less than or equal to about 80 weight % In about 10 weight %, or less than or equal to about 5 weight %.The combination of above range is also possible (for example, greater than about 2 weights Measure % and less than or equal to about the weight percent of 100 weight %).Other ranges are also possible.

In some embodiments, the weight percent of fibrillating fibre can be about 0 weight % to about 100 weights in the second layer Measure %.In some embodiments, the weight percent of fibrillating fibre is greater than or equal to about 1 in the second layer of web Weight % is greater than or waits greater than or equal to about 10 weight % greater than or equal to about 5 weight % greater than or equal to about 2 weight % In about 20 weight %, greater than or equal to about 30 weight %, greater than or equal to about 40 weight %, greater than or equal to about 50 weight %, Greater than or equal to about 80 weight %, or it is greater than or equal to greater than or equal to about 60 weight % greater than or equal to about 70 weight % About 90 weight %.In some embodiments, the weight percent of fibrillating fibre may be less than or be equal to about 100 in the second layer Weight %, less than or equal to about 90 weight %, less than or equal to about 80 weight %, less than or equal to about 70 weight %, be less than or Equal to about 60 weight %, less than or equal to about 50 weight %, less than or equal to about 40 weight %, less than or equal to about 30 weights % is measured, less than or equal to about 10 weight %, or is less than less than or equal to about 20 weight % less than or equal to about 15 weight % Or it is equal to about 5 weight %.The combination of above range is also possible (for example, greater than about 5 weight % and less than or equal to about 100 The weight percent of weight %).Other combinations are also possible.

As described above, the amount and fibrillation level of fibrillating fibre can change between the fiber web layer of filter medium.Example Such as, when the second layer that the first layer of filter medium is upstream layer and the filter medium is downstream layer, the phase of fibrillating fibre To amount and fibrillation variable levels.In some embodiments, upstream layer has original fiber degree more smaller than downstream layer (that is, average CSF is bigger).In other embodiments, upstream layer has the original fiber degree bigger than downstream layer.Some In embodiment, the percentage that the percentage of fibrillating fibre is relatively shorter than fibrillating fibre in downstream layer in upstream layer is compared. In other embodiments, in upstream layer fibrillating fibre percentage be greater than downstream layer in fibrillating fibre percentage.

In web comprising at least certain embodiments of first layer and the second layer, the second layer includes more than first layer More fibrillating fibre (for example, up to fewer than first layer 10%, at least 20%, at least 40%, at least 60%, at least 80%, extremely Few 100%, at least 150%, at least 200%, at least 300%, at least 400%, at least 500% or at least 1000% fibrillation Fiber).In other embodiments, first layer may include fibrillating fibres more more than the second layer (for example, comparing the second layer Up to lack 10%, at least 20%, at least 40%, at least 60%, at least 80%, at least 100%, at least 150%, at least 200%, At least 300%, at least 400%, at least 500% or at least 1000% fibrillating fibre).Other ranges are also possible.? Under some cases, there are same amount of fibrillating fibres in each layer.Fibrillating fibre amount also may be present in the thickness for crossing web Gradient.

In web comprising at least some embodiments of first layer and the second layer, the second layer may include than first layer Fibrillating fibre has the fibrillating fibre of higher fibrillation average level.For example, the average CSF of the fibrillating fibre of the second layer Be worth the fibrillating fibre than first layer average CSF value greatly at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 40%, at least 60%, at least 80%, at least 100%, at least 150%, at least 200%, at least 300%, at least 400% or at least 500%.In other realities It applies in scheme, first layer may include the fibrillating fibre for having higher fibrillation average level than the fibrillating fibre of the second layer. For example, the average CSF value of the fibrillating fibre of first layer than the fibrillating fibre of the second layer average CSF value greatly at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 40%, at least 60%, at least 80%, at least 100%, at least 150%, at least 200%, at least 300%, at least 400% or at least 500%.Other ranges are also possible.In some cases, the fibrillating fibre in each layer It has the same level of fibrillation.The gradient of average fibrillation level also may be present in the thickness for crossing web.

In some cases, it can be possible to which advantageously fibrillating fibre is longitudinal (machine direction) along the machine of net (that is, when the length of fiber substantially along machine longitudinally extend when) and/or along net transverse machine (cross-machine Direction) (that is, when the length of fiber substantially extends along transverse machine) alignment.It should be understood that term " machine is longitudinal " " transverse machine " has their ordinary meaning in the art.That is, machine longitudinally refers to wherein web edge in process The mobile direction of processing machine, and transverse machine refers to perpendicular to machine longitudinal direction.

In some embodiments, web described herein may include cellulose fibre.As described herein, fiber Cellulose fiber can be fibrillation or non-fibrillating.The mixture of fibrillated cellulose fibers or nonfibrillated fiber cellulose fiber It is possible.Cellulose fibre may include the cellulose fibre of any type, such as cork fibrous, hardwood fiber and its mixed Close object.In addition, cellulose fibre may include native cellulose fibre, synthetic cellulose fibres (for example, regenerated cellulose) or its Mixture.

Web may include the cellulose fibre of appropriate percentage.For example, in some embodiments, fiber in web The weight percent of cellulose fiber can be about 0 weight % to about 100 weight %.In some embodiments, cellulose in web The weight percent of fiber is greater than or equal to about 5 weight %, greater than or equal to about 10 weight %, greater than or equal to about 30 weights Amount % is greater than or waits greater than or equal to about 80 weight % greater than or equal to about 70 weight % greater than or equal to about 50 weight % In about 90 weight %, greater than or equal to about 95 weight %, or greater than or equal to about 98 weight %.In some embodiments, The weight percent of cellulose fibre may be less than or be equal to about 100 weight % in web, less than or equal to about 98 weight %, Less than or equal to about 95 weight %, less than or equal to about 90 weight %, less than or equal to about 80 weight %, less than or equal to about 70 Weight %, less than or equal to about 50 weight %, less than or equal to about 40 weight %, less than or equal to about 20 weight %, be less than or Equal to about 10 weight %, or less than or equal to about 5 weight %.The combination of above range is also possible (for example, greater than about 5 Weight % and less than or equal to about the weight percent of 80 weight %).Other ranges are also possible.In some embodiments In, web includes the cellulose fibre of 0 weight %.In other embodiments, web includes the fiber of 100 weight % Cellulose fiber.

Include at least in the embodiment of first layer and the second layer in web, such as the reality shown in being illustrated in Figure 1 property It applies in scheme, the weight percent of cellulose fibre can also change in each layer.For example, in some embodiments, web The weight percent of cellulose fibre can be about 0 weight % to about 100 weight % in first layer.In some embodiments, fine The weight percent for tieing up cellulose fibre in the first layer of net is greater than or equal to about 10 weight %, greater than or equal to about 30 weights Amount % is greater than or waits greater than or equal to about 80 weight % greater than or equal to about 70 weight % greater than or equal to about 50 weight % In about 90 weight %, or greater than or equal to about 95 weight %.In some embodiments, cellulose in the first layer of web The weight percent of fiber may be less than or be equal to about 100 weight %, less than or equal to about 95 weight %, less than or equal to about 90 Weight %, less than or equal to about 80 weight %, less than or equal to about 70 weight %, less than or equal to about 50 weight %, be less than or Equal to about 40 weight %, less than or equal to about 20 weight %, or less than or equal to about 10 weight %.The combination of above range It is possible (for example, greater than about 5 weight % and less than or equal to about the weight percent of 80 weight %).Other ranges are also can Can.In some embodiments, the first layer of web includes the cellulose fibre of 0 weight %.In other embodiments In, the first layer of web includes the cellulose fibre of 100 weight %.

In some embodiments, the weight percent of cellulose fibre can be about 0 weight % in the second layer of web To about 100 weight %.In some embodiments, the weight percent of cellulose fibre may be greater than in the second layer of web Or it is equal to about 5 weight %, greater than or equal to about 10 weight %, greater than or equal to about 30 weight %, greater than or equal to about 50 weights % is measured, greater than or equal to about 90 weight %, or is greater than greater than or equal to about 70 weight % greater than or equal to about 80 weight % Or it is equal to about 95 weight %.In some embodiments, the weight percent of cellulose fibre can be in the second layer of web Less than or equal to about 100 weight %, less than or equal to about 95 weight %, less than or equal to about 90 weight %, less than or equal to about 80 weight % are less than less than or equal to about 50 weight % less than or equal to about 40 weight % less than or equal to about 70 weight % Or it is equal to about 20 weight %, or less than or equal to about 10 weight %.The combination of above range is also possible (for example, being greater than About 5 weight % and less than or equal to about the weight percent of 80 weight %).Other ranges are also possible.In some embodiment party In case, the second layer of web includes the cellulose fibre of 0 weight %.In other embodiments, the second layer of web Cellulose fibre comprising 100 weight %.

Web may include the hardwood fiber and/or cork fibrous of any appropriate amount, and hardwood fiber and/or cork fibrous can To be fibrillation or non-fibrillating.The mixture of fibrillation and non-fibrillating hardwood fiber and/or cork fibrous is also possible 's.

In some embodiments, the weight percent of hardwood fiber can be about 0 weight % to about 98 weights in web Measure %.In some embodiments, the weight percent of hardwood fiber is greater than or equal to about 5 weight % in web, greatly In or be equal to about 10 weight %, greater than or equal to about 30 weight %, greater than or equal to about 50 weight %, greater than or equal to about 70 weights % is measured, greater than or equal to about 80 weight %, greater than or equal to about 90 weight %, or greater than or equal to about 98 weight %.One In a little embodiments, the weight percent of hardwood fiber may be less than or be equal to about 98 weight % in web, be less than or equal to About 90 weight % are small less than or equal to about 50 weight % less than or equal to about 70 weight % less than or equal to about 80 weight % In or be equal to about 40 weight %, less than or equal to about 20 weight %, less than or equal to about 10 weight %, or less than or equal to about 5 weight %.The combination of above range is also possible (for example, greater than about 5 weight % and less than or equal to about the weight of 90 weight % Measure percentage).Other ranges are also possible.In some embodiments, web includes the hardwood fiber of 0 weight %.

Include at least in the embodiment of first layer and the second layer in web, such as the reality shown in being illustrated in Figure 1 property It applies in scheme, the weight percent of hardwood fiber can also change in each layer.For example, in some embodiments, the of web The weight percent of hardwood fiber can be about 0 weight % to about 100 weight % in one layer.In some embodiments, web First layer in the weight percent of hardwood fiber be greater than or equal to about 10 weight %, greater than or equal to about 30 weight %, Greater than or equal to about 50 weight %, greater than or equal to about 70 weight %, or greater than or equal to about 80 weight %.In some implementations In scheme, the weight percent of hardwood fiber may be less than or be equal to about 95 weight % in the first layer of web, is less than or waits In about 90 weight %, less than or equal to about 80 weight %, less than or equal to about 70 weight %, less than or equal to about 50 weight %, Less than or equal to about 40 weight %, less than or equal to about 20 weight %, or less than or equal to about 10 weight %.Above range Combination is also possible (for example, greater than about 5 weight % and less than or equal to about the weight percent of 80 weight %).Other ranges It is also possible.

In some embodiments, the weight percent of hardwood fiber can be about 0 weight % extremely in the second layer of web About 100 weight %.In some embodiments, the weight percent of hardwood fiber may be greater than or wait in the second layer of web In about 5 weight %, greater than or equal to about 10 weight %, greater than or equal to about 30 weight %, greater than or equal to about 50 weight %, greatly In or be equal to about 70 weight %, or greater than or equal to about 80 weight %.In some embodiments, in the second layer of web The weight percent of hardwood fiber may be less than or be equal to about 95 weight % and is less than or equal to less than or equal to about 90 weight % About 80 weight % are small less than or equal to about 40 weight % less than or equal to about 50 weight % less than or equal to about 70 weight % In or be equal to about 20 weight %, or less than or equal to about 10 weight %.The combination of above range is also possible (for example, big In about 5 weight % and less than or equal to about the weight percent of 80 weight %).Other ranges are also possible.

The weight percent of cork fibrous can also change in web.For example, in web cork fibrous weight percent Than can be about 0 weight % to about 98 weight %.In some embodiments, the weight percent of cork fibrous can be in web Greater than or equal to about 5 weight %, greater than or equal to about 10 weight %, greater than or equal to about 30 weight %, greater than or equal to about 50 Weight %, greater than or equal to about 70 weight %, greater than or equal to about 80 weight %, greater than or equal to about 90 weight %, Huo Zhe great In or equal to about 98 weight %.In some embodiments, the weight percent of cork fibrous may be less than or wait in web In about 98 weight %, less than or equal to about 90 weight %, less than or equal to about 80 weight %, less than or equal to about 70 weight %, Less than or equal to about 50 weight %, less than or equal to about 40 weight %, less than or equal to about 20 weight %, less than or equal to about 10 Weight %, or less than or equal to about 5 weight %.The combination of above range be also it is possible (for example, greater than about 5 weight % and Less than or equal to about the weight percent of 80 weight %).Other ranges are also possible.In some embodiments, web Cork fibrous comprising 0 weight %.

Include at least in the embodiment of first layer and the second layer in web, such as the reality shown in being illustrated in Figure 1 property It applies in scheme, the weight percent of cork fibrous can also change in each layer.For example, in some embodiments, the of web The weight percent of cork fibrous can be about 0 weight % to about 100 weight % in one layer.In some embodiments, web First layer in the weight percent of cork fibrous be greater than or equal to about 10 weight %, greater than or equal to about 30 weight %, Greater than or equal to about 50 weight %, greater than or equal to about 70 weight %, or greater than or equal to about 80 weight %.In some implementations In scheme, the weight percent of cork fibrous may be less than or be equal to about 95 weight % in the first layer of web, is less than or waits In about 90 weight %, less than or equal to about 80 weight %, less than or equal to about 70 weight %, less than or equal to about 50 weight %, Less than or equal to about 40 weight %, less than or equal to about 20 weight %, or less than or equal to about 10 weight %.Above range Combination is also possible (for example, greater than about 5 weight % and less than or equal to about the weight percent of 80 weight %).Other ranges It is also possible.

In some embodiments, the weight percent of cork fibrous can be about 0 weight % extremely in the second layer of web About 100 weight %.In some embodiments, the weight percent of cork fibrous may be greater than or wait in the second layer of web In about 5 weight %, greater than or equal to about 10 weight %, greater than or equal to about 30 weight %, greater than or equal to about 50 weight %, greatly In or be equal to about 70 weight %, or greater than or equal to about 80 weight %.In some embodiments, in the second layer of web The weight percent of cork fibrous may be less than or be equal to about 95 weight % and is less than or equal to less than or equal to about 90 weight % About 80 weight % are small less than or equal to about 40 weight % less than or equal to about 50 weight % less than or equal to about 70 weight % In or be equal to about 20 weight %, or less than or equal to about 10 weight %.The combination of above range is also possible (for example, big In about 5 weight % and less than or equal to about the weight percent of 80 weight %).Other ranges are also possible.

In some embodiments, web described herein includes one or more synthetic fibers.As herein Described, the synthetic fibers can be fibrillation or non-fibrillating.Synthetic fibers may include that the synthesis of any type is poly- Close object.The example of suitable non-fibrillating synthetic fibers includes polyester (for example, polyethylene terephthalate, poly- to benzene two Formic acid butanediol ester), polyamide, Nomex, contraposition Nomex, meta position Nomex, polyaniline, polyimides, poly- second Alkene, polypropylene, polyether-ether-ketone, polyolefin, nylon, acrylic compounds, polyvinyl alcohol, regenerated cellulose (for example, Lyocell fiber, Artificial silk), cellulose ethanoate, polyvinylidene fluoride, poly- (vinylidene fluoride -co- hexafluoropropene), polyacrylonitrile, polysulfones (example Such as, polyether sulfone, poly- (phenylene ether sulfone)), polystyrene, polybutadiene, polyurethane, polyphenylene oxide, polycarbonate, poly- (methyl-prop E pioic acid methyl ester), poly hydroxy ethyl acrylate, poly- (lactic acid) or polyactide, silk, poly- (4-methyl-1-pentene), polypyrrole and A combination thereof.In some embodiments, one or more fibers may include above-mentioned copolymer (for example, polystyrene-poly The block copolymer of butadiene).In some embodiments, synthetic fibers are organic polymer fiber.

Synthetic fibers may also include the multicomponent fibre comprising above-mentioned one or more of polymer (that is, having a variety of groups The fiber divided, such as bicomponent fibre).For example, sea-island fibre can be used.In some cases, synthetic fibers may include melt-blown Fiber, the meltblown fibers can be formed by fiber (for example, polyester, polypropylene) described herein.In other cases, it closes It can be electrospun fibers at fiber.In other embodiments again, synthetic fibers can be fine for centrifugal spinning fiber or melt-spun Dimension.

The first layer and/or the second layer of web and the web also may include the synthetic fibers of more than one type Composition.It should be understood that other kinds of synthetic fibers type can also be used.

Web may include the synthetic fibers of appropriate percentage.For example, synthesizing in some embodiments, in web fine The weight percent of dimension can be about 0 weight % to about 100 weight %.In some embodiments, synthetic fibers in web Weight percent is greater than or equal to about 5 weight %, greater than or equal to about 10 weight %, greater than or equal to about 30 weight %, Greater than or equal to about 50 weight %, greater than or equal to about 70 weight %, greater than or equal to about 80 weight %, greater than or equal to about 90 Weight %, or greater than or equal to about 95 weight %.In some embodiments, in web synthetic fibers weight percent It may be less than or be equal to about 100 weight %, be less than or wait less than or equal to about 90 weight % less than or equal to about 95 weight % In about 80 weight %, less than or equal to about 70 weight %, less than or equal to about 50 weight %, less than or equal to about 40 weight %, Less than or equal to about 20 weight %, or less than or equal to about 10 weight %.The combination of above range be also it is possible (for example, Greater than about 50 weight % and less than or equal to about the weight percent of 100 weight %).Other ranges are also possible.Some In embodiment, web includes the synthetic fibers of 100 weight %.In other embodiments, web includes 0 weight % Synthetic fibers.

In certain embodiments, web includes one or more of inorfils.Inorfil may include for example making pottery Porcelain fiber such as oxide (for example, aluminium oxide, titanium dioxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide).It also may include mineral fibres in web. Inorfil may also include metallic fiber such as stainless steel fibre, nickel plating fiber and Cu coated fibre.

Include at least in the embodiment of first layer and the second layer in web, such as the reality shown in being illustrated in Figure 1 property It applies in scheme, the weight percent of synthetic fibers can also change in each layer.For example, in some embodiments, the of web The weight percent of synthetic fibers can be about 0 weight % to about 100 weight % in one layer.In some embodiments, web First layer in the weight percent of synthetic fibers be greater than or equal to about 10 weight %, greater than or equal to about 30 weight %, Greater than or equal to about 50 weight %, greater than or equal to about 70 weight %, or greater than or equal to about 80 weight %, it is greater than or equal to About 90 weight %, or greater than or equal to about 95 weight %.In some embodiments, synthetic fibers in the first layer of web Weight percent may be less than or be equal to about 100 weight %, less than or equal to about 95 weight %, less than or equal to about 90 weights Amount % is less than or waits less than or equal to about 50 weight % less than or equal to about 70 weight % less than or equal to about 80 weight % In about 40 weight %, less than or equal to about 20 weight %, or less than or equal to about 10 weight %.The combination of above range is also Possible (for example, greater than about 50 weight % and less than or equal to about the weight percent of 100 weight %).Other ranges are also can Can.In some embodiments, the first layer of web includes the synthetic fibers of 0 weight %.In other embodiments, The first layer of web includes the synthetic fibers of 100 weight %.

In some embodiments, the weight percent of synthetic fibers can be about 0 weight % extremely in the second layer of web About 100 weight %.In some embodiments, the weight percent of synthetic fibers may be greater than or wait in the second layer of web In about 10 weight %, greater than or equal to about 30 weight %, greater than or equal to about 50 weight %, greater than or equal to about 70 weight %, Or greater than or equal to about 80 weight %, greater than or equal to about 90 weight %, or greater than or equal to about 95 weight %.Some In embodiment, the weight percent of synthetic fibers may be less than or be equal to about 100 weight % in the second layer of web, be less than Or it is equal to about 95 weight %, less than or equal to about 90 weight %, less than or equal to about 80 weight %, less than or equal to about 70 weights % is measured, less than or equal to about 20 weight %, or is less than less than or equal to about 50 weight % less than or equal to about 40 weight % Or it is equal to about 10 weight %.The combination of above range be also it is possible (for example, greater than about 50 weight % and less than or equal to about The weight percent of 100 weight %).Other ranges are also possible.In some embodiments, the second layer of web includes The synthetic fibers of 100 weight %.

Web described herein also may include non-fibrillating synthetic fibers (for example, staple fiber (staple fibers))；That is, the synthetic fibers of non-fibrillating.As described above, synthetic fibers are to be deposited by the non-natural that polymer material is formed Fiber.Non-fibrillating synthetic fibers include the synthetic polymer of any type, generally include thermoplastic polymer and Herein for describing those of synthetic fibers polymer.The example of suitable non-fibrillating synthetic fibers includes polyester, polyamides Amine, Nomex, polyimides, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyether-ether-ketone, polyethylene terephthalate, polyolefin, nylon, And combinations thereof.It should be understood that other kinds of non-fibrillating synthetic fibers type can also be used.

In general, non-fibrillating synthetic fibers can have any suitable size.For example, non-fibrillating synthetic fibers are averaged Diameter can be about 2 microns to about 50 microns, and about 2 microns to about 20 microns, about 4 microns to about 7 microns, or about 3 microns to about 7 micro- Rice.In some embodiments, the average diameter of non-fibrillating synthetic fibers is greater than or equal to about 1 micron, is greater than or waits In about 2 microns, greater than or equal to about 4 microns, greater than or equal to about 6 microns, greater than or equal to about 8 microns, greater than or equal to about 10 microns, greater than or equal to about 12 microns, greater than or equal to about 15 microns, greater than or equal to about 20 microns, greater than or equal to about 30 microns, or greater than or equal to about 40 microns.In some cases, the average diameter of non-fibrillating synthetic fibers may be less than Or it is equal to about 50 microns, less than or equal to about 40 microns, less than or equal to about 30 microns, less than or equal to about 20 microns, it is less than Or be equal to about 15 microns, less than or equal to about 12 microns, less than or equal to about 10 microns, less than or equal to about 8 microns, be less than or Equal to about 6 microns, less than or equal to about 4 microns, or less than or equal to about 2 microns.The combination of above range is also possible (for example, average diameter greater than or equal to about 2 microns and less than about 10 microns).Other ranges are also possible.

In some embodiments, with the web phase of the non-fibrillating synthetic fibers with relatively small average diameter Than the web of the non-fibrillating synthetic fibers with larger average diameter can express the permeability of higher degree.Described The average length of non-fibrillating synthetic fibers can be about 3mm to about 12mm, about 4mm to about 6mm, about 5mm to about 7mm.? In some embodiments, compared with the web of the non-fibrillating synthetic fibers with relatively small average length, have larger The web of the non-fibrillating synthetic fibers of average length can express the tensile strength of higher degree.It should be understood that in certain realities It applies in scheme, non-fibrillating synthetic fibers can have size outside the above range.

In some embodiments, non-fibrillating synthetic fibers can be staple fiber, and the staple fiber can be such synthesis Fiber: being cut into or is configured to the discontinuous discrete fibre with suitable average length and is suitable for being incorporated to wet-laying or non-wet Method networking (for example, dry-laying, air lay) technique is to form web.In some cases, staple fiber group can be cut There was only the specific length of minor change at the length between single fiber.

In some embodiments, non-fibrillating synthetic fibers can be binder fibre (binder fiber).Non-fibrillating Synthetic fibers can for one pack system (that is, have single composition, polyvinyl alcohol as described herein or other polymers) or Multi-component (that is, there are numerous compositions, such as bicomponent fibre).The combination of different non-fibrillating synthetic fibers is also possible 's.

In some embodiments, web may include the homofil and/or multicomponent fibre of appropriate percentage.? In some embodiments, whole non-fibrillating synthetic fibers are homofil.In some embodiments, at least part is non- Fibrillation synthetic fibers are multicomponent fibre.

The example of multicomponent fibre is the bicomponent fibre of the second material comprising the first material and different from the first material. The different component of multicomponent fibre can express various space layouts.For example, multicomponent fibre may be disposed to core-shell configuration (example Such as, the first material can be for around the shell material of the second material for core material), side by side configuration is (for example, the first material can be with the Two materials are adjacently positioned), splicing cake formula (segmented pie) arrangement is (for example, different materials can configure wedgewise adjacent to each other Configuration), trilobal cross arranges (for example, the tip of leaf can have the material different from leaf) and a kind of regional area of component in difference Configuration (for example, " island " type) in component.

In some embodiments, for core-shell configuration, multicomponent fibre (for example, bicomponent fibre) may include surrounding The shell of the first material of the core containing the second material.For some embodiments, in such an arrangement, the first material melts Point can be lower than the fusing point of the second material.It therefore, include the first material in the appropriate step (such as dry) during manufacturing web The shell of material is fusible (for example, can express phase transformation), and includes that the core of the second material remains unchanged (for example, can express without phase Become).For example, the fusion temperature of the casing part of multicomponent fibre can be about 50 DEG C to about 200 DEG C (for example, about 180 DEG C), and it is more The fusion temperature of the inner core of component fibre can be for higher than 200 DEG C.Therefore, when fiber is subjected to such as 180 DEG C of temperature during drying When spending, the shell of fiber is fusible, and the core of fiber is non-fusible.

Web may include the non-fibrillating synthetic fibers of appropriate percentage.For example, in some embodiments, web The weight percent of middle non-fibrillating synthetic fibers can be about 0 weight % to about 98 weight %.In some embodiments, fiber The weight percent of non-fibrillating synthetic fibers is greater than or equal to about 5 weight % in net, greater than or equal to about 10 weight %, Greater than or equal to about 70 weight %, or it is greater than or equal to greater than or equal to about 30 weight % greater than or equal to about 50 weight % About 80 weight %.In some embodiments, the weight percent of non-fibrillating synthetic fibers may be less than or wait in web In about 95 weight %, less than or equal to about 90 weight %, less than or equal to about 80 weight %, less than or equal to about 70 weight %, Less than or equal to about 20 weight %, or it is less than or equal to less than or equal to about 50 weight % less than or equal to about 40 weight % About 10 weight %.The combination of above range is also possible (for example, greater than about 5 weight % and less than or equal to about 80 weight % Weight percent).Other ranges are also possible.In some embodiments, web includes the non-fibrillating of 0 weight % Synthetic fibers.

Include at least in the embodiment of first layer and the second layer in web, such as the reality shown in being illustrated in Figure 1 property It applies in scheme, the weight percent of non-fibrillating synthetic fibers (for example, staple fiber) can also change in each layer.For example, some In embodiment, the weight percent of non-fibrillating synthetic fibers can be about 0 weight % to about 100 weights in the first layer of web Measure %.In some embodiments, in the first layer of web the weight percent of non-fibrillating synthetic fibers may be greater than or Equal to about 10 weight %, greater than or equal to about 30 weight %, greater than or equal to about 50 weight %, greater than or equal to about 70 weights % is measured, or greater than or equal to about 80 weight %.In some embodiments, non-fibrillating synthesis is fine in the first layer of web The weight percent of dimension may be less than or be equal to about 95 weight %, less than or equal to about 90 weight %, less than or equal to about 80 weights Amount % is less than or waits less than or equal to about 40 weight % less than or equal to about 50 weight % less than or equal to about 70 weight % In about 20 weight %, or less than or equal to about 10 weight %.The combination of above range is also possible (for example, greater than about 5 weights Measure % and less than or equal to about the weight percent of 80 weight %).Other ranges are also possible.In some embodiments, The first layer of web includes the non-fibrillating synthetic fibers of 0 weight %.In other embodiments, the first layer of web Non-fibrillating synthetic fibers comprising 100 weight %.

In some embodiments, the weight percent of non-fibrillating synthetic fibers can be about 0 in the second layer of web Weight % to about 98 weight %.In some embodiments, in the second layer of web non-fibrillating synthetic fibers weight hundred Point ratio is greater than or equal to about 10 weight %, greater than or equal to about 30 weight %, greater than or equal to about 50 weight %, be greater than or Equal to about 70 weight %, or greater than or equal to about 80 weight %.In some embodiments, non-original in the second layer of web The weight percent of fibrillation synthetic fibers may be less than or be equal to about 95 weight %, less than or equal to about 90 weight %, be less than or Equal to about 80 weight %, less than or equal to about 70 weight %, less than or equal to about 50 weight %, less than or equal to about 40 weights % is measured, less than or equal to about 20 weight %, or less than or equal to about 10 weight %.The combination of above range is also possible (for example, greater than about 5 weight % and less than or equal to about the weight percent of 80 weight %).Other ranges are also possible.? In some embodiments, the second layer of web includes the non-fibrillating synthetic fibers of 0 weight %.

In some embodiments, web may include a plurality of types of non-fibrillating synthetic fibers.

Web may include limited amount glass fibre (if there is).For example, in web glass fibre weight percent Than can be about 0 weight % to about 20 weight % (for example, about 0 weight % to about 10 weight %, about 0 weight % be to about 5 weight %, About 0 weight % to about 2 weight %, or about 0 weight % to about 1 weight %).In some embodiments, glass fibre in dimension net Weight percent may be less than or be equal to about 20 weight %, less than or equal to about 15 weight %, less than or equal to about 10 weights % is measured, less than or equal to about 8 weight %, less than or equal to about 6 weight %, less than or equal to about 5 weight %, less than or equal to about 4 weight %, less than or equal to about 2 weight %, or less than or equal to about 1 weight %.Other ranges are also possible.Work as fiber When net includes the glass fibre below about 1 weight %, it is believed that the web is substantially free of glass fibre.

Include at least in the embodiment of first layer and the second layer in web, such as the reality shown in being illustrated in Figure 1 property It applies in scheme, the weight percent of glass fibre can also change in each layer.For example, in some embodiments, the of web The weight percent of glass fibre can be about 0 weight % to about 20 weight % (for example, about 0 weight % to about 10 weights in one layer Measure %, about 0 weight % to about 5 weight %, about 0 weight % to about 2 weight %, or about 0 weight % to about 1 weight %).Some In embodiment, the weight percent of glass fibre may be less than or be equal to about 20 weight % in the first layer of web, be less than Or it is equal to about 15 weight %, less than or equal to about 10 weight %, less than or equal to about 8 weight %, less than or equal to about 6 weights % is measured, less than or equal to about 2 weight %, or is less than or waits less than or equal to about 4 weight % less than or equal to about 5 weight % In about 1 weight %.In some cases, first layer includes the glass fibre of 0 weight %.Other ranges are also possible.

In some embodiments, the weight percent of glass fibre can be about 0 weight % extremely in the second layer of web About 20 weight % are (for example, about 0 weight % to about 10 weight %, about 0 weight % are to about 5 weight %, about 0 weight % to about 2 weights Measure %, or about 0 weight % to about 1 weight %).In some embodiments, in the second layer of web glass fibre weight Percentage may be less than or be equal to about 20 weight %, be less than less than or equal to about 15 weight % less than or equal to about 10 weight % Or it is equal to about 8 weight %, and less than or equal to about 6 weight %, less than or equal to about 5 weight %, less than or equal to about 4 weight %, Less than or equal to about 2 weight %, or less than or equal to about 1 weight %.In some cases, the second layer includes 0 weight %'s Glass fibre.Other ranges are also possible.

In some cases, compared with the web for wherein incorporating significant more glass fibres, there is limited amount glass The web of glass fiber (if any) can make wearing and damaging when being used together with various machines or engine components Consumption aspect significantly reduces.Finite quantity glass fibre or there is no glass fibres can also reduce during installation or use from fiber medium The fibre weight to fall off.Therefore, using wherein hardly including even the web including glass fibre can not reduce protection Necessity existing for screen cloth, the protection screen cloth otherwise mountable downstream in filter medium.

As described above, web may include extra play (for example, third layer, the 4th layer ..., the tenth layer etc.).Extra play can The upstream or downstream or the upstream or downstream of the second layer of first layer are set.In some cases, extra play may be provided at One layer between the second layer.In addition, may include in the different location relative to first layer or the second layer in web each other can phase Same or different more than one extra play (for example, up to 10 layers).

Although other ranges be it is possible, in certain embodiments, the weight per unit area of extra play can be about 5g/m²To about 800g/m², air penetrability may be less than about 1300cfm/sf, and avarage fiber diameter may be less than 100 microns.One In a little embodiments, extra play can be used for improving the dust containing capacity of web, the service life, liquid filter efficiency, water separative efficiency and/or One of intensity (for example, Maron rupture strength, tensile strength, elongation percentage) or more person, but other purposes of extra play It is also possible.

In some embodiments, the extra play that can be used for improving the dust containing capacity of web can have e.g., less than or equal to 300g/m²Weight per unit area, the air penetrability less than or equal to 700cfm/sf and the average fiber less than or equal to 20 microns Diameter, but other ranges are also possible.

In some embodiments, the extra play that can be used for improving the efficiency of web can have e.g., less than or equal to 100g/m²Weight per unit area, the air penetrability less than or equal to 700cfm/sf and the average fiber less than or equal to 4 microns Diameter, but other ranges are also possible.

In some embodiments, it can be used for improving the water separative efficiency (for example, fuel-water separative efficiency) of web Extra play can have e.g., less than or equal to 800g/m²Weight per unit area, the air penetrability less than or equal to 1300cfm/sf Be less than or equal to 50 microns of avarage fiber diameter, but other ranges are also possible.

Extra play can be formed by any appropriate fiber and the layer can be it is nonwoven or woven.In some cases Under, extra play is non-wet-laying and includes non-wet laid cellulose, for example, meltblown fibers, melt spun fibre, dry-laying (through what is combed) fiber, centrifugal spinning fiber, spun-bonded fibre and/or airlaid fibrous.In some cases, extra play includes Continuous fiber.In other cases, extra play includes staple fiber (for example, length is fiber of the about 1mm to about 55mm).One In a little embodiments, extra play does not include any fibrillating fibre, but in other embodiments may include fibril chemical fibre Dimension.Be used to form the fiber of extra play material may include material described herein (for example, synthetic material, organic material and/ Or inorganic material).

In some cases, extra play can be web form.Net can be for example described herein by any appropriate material Material (for example, synthetic material, organic material and/or inorganic material) formation.In addition, metal such as stainless steel can be used.Net can With average opening size appropriate, for example, about 0.001mm to about 7mm (for example, at least about 0.001mm, at least about 0.01mm, At least about 0.1mm, at least about 1mm, at least about 3mm, or at least about 5mm and/or less than or equal to about 7mm, less than or equal to about 4mm, less than or equal to about 2mm, less than or equal to about 1mm).Other ranges are also possible.

In general, the fiber of extra play can have any appropriate size.For example, the average diameter of extra play fiber can be about 100nm to about 100 microns (for example, about 100nm to about 50 microns, about 100nm to about 4 microns, about 1 micron to about 20 microns, or About 1 micron to about 50 microns).In some embodiments, the average diameter of extra play is greater than or equal to about 100nm, greatly In or be equal to about 1 micron, greater than or equal to about 2 microns, greater than or equal to about 4 microns, greater than or equal to about 10 microns, be greater than or Equal to about 15 microns, greater than or equal to about 20 microns, greater than or equal to about 30 microns, or greater than or equal to about 40 microns.? Under some cases, the average diameter of extra play fiber may be less than or be equal to about 50 microns, less than or equal to about 40 microns, be less than Or it is equal to about 30 microns, less than or equal to about 20 microns, less than or equal to about 15 microns, less than or equal to about 10 microns, it is less than Or be equal to about 8 microns, less than or equal to about 6 microns, less than or equal to about 4 microns, perhaps less than or equal to about 2 microns or Less than or equal to about 1 micron.The combination of above range is also possible.Other ranges are also possible.

In some embodiments, the length of fiber can be in about 1mm to variation between about 20cm (for example, extremely in extra play Few about 1mm, at least about 5mm, at least about 10mm, at least about 50mm, at least about 1cm, at least about 5cm, at least about 10cm and/or small In or be equal to about 20cm, less than or equal to about 15cm, less than or equal to about 10cm, less than or equal to about 5cm, less than or equal to about 1cm, less than or equal to about 50mm, less than or equal to about 20mm, or less than or equal to about 10mm).Other ranges are also possible 's.It also may include continuous fiber.

In one group of embodiment, filter medium includes the first layer that combines with extra play described herein and/or the Two layers.First layer and/or the second layer can be wet laid layer (for example, the layer formed by wet laying process).Extra play can It is non-wet laid layer (for example, it may include meltblown fibers, melt spun fibre, centrifugal spinning fiber, electrospun fibers or passes through The fiber that other non-wet laying processes are formed).In general, first layer and/or the second layer include more synthetic fibers and/or organic Polymer fiber.For example, in such embodiment, filter medium includes the containing more organic polymer fibers One layer and the second layer containing more synthetic fibers.In some embodiments, at least one of first layer and/or the second layer It include fibril chemical fibre with amount (for example, about 1 weight % to about 100 weight % of first layer and/or the second layer) described herein Dimension.In addition, first layer and/or the second layer can include about 0 weight % to about 10 weight % glass fibre (for example, first layer and/ Or the second layer can be substantially free of glass fibre).In some embodiments, first layer and/or the second layer may be configured to have One of below or more [mean flow pore size (μm)/(permeability (cfm/sf)) of person: less than about 3.0^0.5] value；It is greater than Or it is equal to about 80g/m²Dust containing capacity；And/or to 4 microns or the liquid filter efficiency of larger particle at least 98%.It can be used for mentioning Dust containing capacity, service life, liquid filter efficiency, water separative efficiency and/or the intensity of high microsteping net are (for example, Maron rupture strength, stretching Intensity, elongation percentage) one of or more the extra play of person may include synthetic polymeric fibers.Extra play can have for example, about 5g/m²To about 800g/m²Weight per unit area, the air penetrability less than about 100cfm/sf and the average fiber less than 100 microns Diameter.In some embodiments, the weight per unit area of entire filter medium can be greater than about 10g/m²And less than or equal to about 1000g/m², thickness can be about 0.1mm to about 10.0mm.Advantageously, it is being related to the mistake comprising first layer, the second layer and extra play In some embodiments of filter medium, under 4 microns at least 99% efficiency, at least 99% initial effect is may be implemented in filter medium The dust containing capacity of rate and at least 150gsm.Other performance numbers are also possible.In some embodiments, filter medium may be implemented The fuel-of at least about 30% (for example, about 60% to about 99.9%, about 80% to about 99.9%, or about 90% to about 99.9%) Water separative efficiency.

In some embodiments, web may include binder resin.Binder resin be not fibers form and with Above-mentioned binder fibre (for example, multicomponent fibre) is different.In general, binder resin can have any appropriate composition.Example Such as, binder resin may include thermoplastic resin (for example, acrylic resin, polyvinyl acetate, polyester, polyamide), heat Thermosetting resin (for example, epoxy resin, phenolic resin), or combinations thereof.In some cases, binder resin includes vinyl acetate Ester resin, epoxy resin, polyester resin, conjugated polyester resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, acrylic resin (such as styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer One of acid resin) and phenolic resin or more.Other resins are also possible

The amount of binder resin is alterable in web.For example, the weight percent of binder resin can be 0 in web Weight % to 45 weight %.In some embodiments, the weight percent of binder resin may be greater than or wait in web In about 2 weight %, greater than or equal to about 5 weight %, greater than or equal to about 10 weight %, greater than or equal to about 15 weight %, greatly In or be equal to about 20 weight %, greater than or equal to about 25 weight %, greater than or equal to about 30 weight %, greater than or equal to about 35 weights % is measured, or greater than or equal to about 40 weight %.In some cases, the weight percent of binder resin can be in web Less than or equal to about 45 weight %, less than or equal to about 40 weight %, less than or equal to about 35 weight %, less than or equal to about 30 Weight %, less than or equal to about 25 weight %, less than or equal to about 20 weight %, less than or equal to about 15 weight %, be less than or Equal to about 10 weight %, or less than or equal to about 5 weight %.The combination of above range is also possible (for example, being greater than or waiting In about 5 weight % and less than about the weight percent of 35 weight %).Other ranges are also possible.

It as described further below, can in any suitable manner include for example with wet fiber web state by binder tree Rouge is added to fiber.In some embodiments, adhesive coated fiber and for be adhering to each other fiber with promote fiber it Between adherency.Any appropriate method or equipment coating fiber can be used, for example, using curtain coating, rotogravure application, molten painting, dip-coating, Knife roller type coating, spin coating etc..In some embodiments, binder precipitating when being added into fiber blends.In appropriate feelings Under condition, can for example by be injected into blend come to fiber provide any suitable precipitating reagent (for example, epoxychloropropane, Fluorocarbon).In some embodiments, when being added to fiber blends, in some embodiments, it is being added to fibre When tieing up blend, binder resin is so that using the mode of binder resin impregnated web (for example, binder resin permeates Entire web) addition.It in other embodiments, can be after dry by layer or net (for example, using wet-laying work After skill is formed) binder resin is added to the one or both sides of layer or net.

In Multilayer Network, binder resin can be added separately to one or more layers or each before combining each layer A layer, or binder resin can be added to web after combining each layer.In some embodiments, such as pass through spray It applies or binder resin is added to first layer and/or the by saturation dipping (for example, solvent saturation process) or any of the above-described method Two layers.

In some embodiments, binder resin or binder mixtures can be added to fibre by solvent saturation process Tie up the first layer and/or the second layer of net.In certain embodiments, make during or after the layer being manufactured on a papermaking machine Polymer material is impregnated into first layer and/or the second layer.For example, formation includes herein during the manufacturing process The product of first layer and the second layer and after drying, can make the polymer material in water-base emulsion or organic solvent based sols viscous It is attached to application roll and is then saturated machine (gravure by using size presser (size press) or intaglio plate under controlled pressure Saturator) make its coating to the product.The amount for the polymer material being impregnated into the product generally depends on the product Viscosity, solid content and absorptivity.

It, can be by using inverse roller after just-mentioned method after forming web as another example Coating machine and/or by using dipping and pressing method (for example, by the way that the filter medium that dry is immersed polymer emulsion or molten Excessive polymer is then squeezed out by using roll gap (nip) in liquid) web is impregnated with polymer material.It can also lead to It crosses and applies polymer material to web using other methods as known in the art (such as spraying or blistering).

It should be understood that web may include or not comprising other components in addition to the aforementioned components.In general, arbitrarily additional group Divide and exist with finite quantity, for example, less than 5 weight %.For example, in some embodiments, web may include wet and dry Enhance additive or resin, including natural polymer (starch, natural gum), cellulose derivative are (for example, carboxymethyl cellulose, first Base cellulose, hemicellulose), synthetic polymer is (for example, phenolic resin, latex, polyamide, polyacrylamide, urea-formaldehyde, three Paracyanogen amine-for-aldehyde, polyamide), surfactant, coupling agent, crosslinking agent and/or conductive additive etc..

Web described herein can be used for entire filter device or filter element.In some embodiments, fiber Net includes at least first layer and the second layer, wherein at least one of described layer includes fibrillating fibre.In some embodiments In, comprising one or more extra plays or component (for example, being arranged to adjacent with web, with web one in web Side or two side contacts).In some cases, one or more extra play can mainly by or all by nonfibrillated fiber It is formed, but in other embodiments, it may include fibrillating fibre.The non-limiting example of extra play include meltblown layer, Wet laid layer, crude fibre electret media, spunbond layer or electrostatic spinning layer.In some embodiments, it can be used in formation When the multi-layered sheet of filter medium or element by it is multiple according to the embodiment described herein mainly comprising fibrillating fibre and The fiber web layer of nonfibrillated fiber is combined.

As described above, in some embodiments, two or more layers of net may be separately formed, then pass through any conjunction Suitable method (for example, lamination, sequence) is combined by using adhesive.Difference can be used in the two or more layers Technique or same process are formed.For example, each layer can be independently by wet laying process, non-wet laying process (for example, dry method Net-forming process, spinning technique, melt-blown process) or any other suitable methods formed.In certain embodiments, wet process at Stratum reticulare or non-wet laid layer can be formed directly on screen cloth or other suitable substrates.

In some embodiments, two or more layers can be by same process (for example, wet laying process or non- Wet laying process (for example, dry-laying process, spinning technique, melt-blown process or other any suitable techniques) is formed. In some cases, the two or more layers can be formed simultaneously.In some embodiments, it crosses described two or more The gradient of at least one characteristic may be present in a layer of thickness.

In the embodiment that web includes meltblown layer, the meltblown layer, which can have, to be submitted on May 14th, 2009 Based on US Pat Appl Ser the 12/266,892nd jointly owned U.S. Patent Publication the 2009/0120048th topic For " Meltblown Filter Medium " and the jointly owned U. S. application the 12/th submitted on December 17th, 2010 One or more features described in 971, No. 539 entitled " Fine Fiber Filter Media and Processes ", Each of these is merged into herein for all purposes by quoting entire contents.

Different layers can be adhered to each other by suitable method.For example, each layer can on either side by adhesive that This adherency and/or each other melting engagement.Lamination and calen-dering process also can be used.In some embodiments, extra play can be by The blend of any type of fiber or fiber is formed via additional head box (headbox) or coating machine and is suitably adhered to To another layer.

Web (and resulting filter medium) can have various desired characteristics and feature described in following paragraphs.

The weight per unit area of web can change according to following factor: for example, the intensity of given filtration application is wanted Seek, be used to form the material of filter medium and desired filter efficiency is horizontal and the resistance allowed or pressure drop it is horizontal.At this In certain embodiments described in text, some fibre net can have a low weight per unit area but realize advantageous strainability or Mechanical property.For example, the web for incorporating fibrillating fibre (surface area of its increase for providing web) can have compared with Low weight per unit area and do not sacrifice intensity.

The weight per unit area of web usually can according to need selection.In some embodiments, the list of web Position area weight can be about 5g/m²To about 1000g/m².For example, the weight per unit area of web can be about 15g/m²To about 400g/m², about 30g/m²To about 300g/m², about 50g/m²To about 200g/m², about 90g/m²To about 200g/m², about 90g/m²To about 150g/m².In some embodiments, the weight per unit area of web is greater than or equal to about 5g/m²(for example, be greater than or Equal to about 10g/m², greater than or equal to about 40g/m², greater than or equal to about 75g/m², greater than or equal to about 100g/m², be greater than or Equal to about 150g/m², greater than or equal to about 200g/m², greater than or equal to about 250g/m², greater than or equal to about 300g/m², it is greater than Or it is equal to about 350g/m², or greater than or equal to about 400g/m²).In some cases, the weight per unit area of web can be Less than or equal to about 1000g/m²(for example, less than or equal to about 700g/m², less than or equal to about 500g/m², less than or equal to about 400g/m², less than or equal to about 350g/m², less than or equal to about 300g/m², less than or equal to about 250g/m², it is less than or equal to About 200g/m², less than or equal to about 150g/m², less than or equal to about 100g/m², less than or equal to about 75g/m², or be less than Or it is equal to about 50g/m²).The combination of above range is also possible (for example, greater than about 40g/m²And less than or equal to about 400g/ m²Weight per unit area).Other ranges are also possible.As measured herein, the weight per unit area of web according to TAPPI T410 canonical measure.Value is indicated with gram every square centimeter.

As described herein, in some embodiments, include at least first layer and the second layer in web, as shown in figure 1 Shown in illustrative.In some such embodiments, the weight per unit area of first layer can be about 5g/m²To about 1000g/m²。 For example, the weight per unit area of first layer is greater than or equal to about 8g/m²(for example, greater than or equal to about 10g/m², be greater than or Equal to about 40g/m², greater than or equal to about 65g/m², greater than or equal to about 75g/m², greater than or equal to about 100g/m², be greater than or Equal to about 150g/m², greater than or equal to about 200g/m², greater than or equal to about 250g/m², greater than or equal to about 300g/m², it is greater than Or it is equal to about 350g/m², greater than or equal to about 400g/m², greater than or equal to about 500g/m², greater than or equal to about 600g/m², greatly In or equal to about 700g/m², greater than or equal to about 800g/m², or greater than or equal to about 900g/m²).In some cases, One layer of weight per unit area is less than or equal to about 1000g/m²(for example, less than or equal to about 1000g/m², it is less than or equal to About 900g/m², less than or equal to about 800g/m², less than or equal to about 700g/m², less than or equal to about 600g/m², it is less than or waits In about 500g/m², less than or equal to about 400g/m², less than or equal to about 350g/m², less than or equal to about 300g/m², be less than or Equal to about 250g/m², less than or equal to about 200g/m², less than or equal to about 165g/m², less than or equal to about 150g/m², it is less than Or it is equal to about 100g/m², less than or equal to about 75g/m², less than or equal to about 50g/m²).The combination of above range is also possible (for example, the weight per unit area of first layer be greater than about 40g/m²And less than or equal to about 350g/m²).Other ranges are also It is possible.

The weight per unit area of the second layer can be about 3g/m²To about 1000g/m².For example, the weight per unit area of the second layer It is greater than or equal to about 3g/m²(for example, greater than or equal to about 8g/m², greater than or equal to about 10g/m², greater than or equal to about 15g/m², greater than or equal to about 20g/m², greater than or equal to about 30g/m², greater than or equal to about 40g/m², greater than or equal to about 45g/m², greater than or equal to about 50g/m², greater than or equal to about 75g/m², greater than or equal to about 100g/m², greater than or equal to about 150g/m², greater than or equal to about 200g/m², greater than or equal to about 250g/m², greater than or equal to about 300g/m², it is greater than or equal to About 350g/m², greater than or equal to about 400g/m², greater than or equal to about 500g/m², greater than or equal to about 600g/m², it is greater than or waits In about 700g/m², greater than or equal to about 800g/m², or greater than or equal to about 900g/m²).In some cases, the second layer Weight per unit area is less than or equal to about 1000g/m², less than or equal to about 900g/m², less than or equal to about 800g/m², small In or equal to about 700g/m², less than or equal to about 600g/m², less than or equal to about 500g/m², less than or equal to about 400g/m², Less than or equal to about 350g/m², less than or equal to about 300g/m², less than or equal to about 250g/m², less than or equal to about 200g/ m², less than or equal to about 165g/m², less than or equal to about 150g/m², less than or equal to about 100g/m², less than or equal to about 75g/m²(for example, less than or equal to about 50g/m², less than or equal to about 45g/m², less than or equal to about 40g/m², it is less than or waits In about 35g/m², less than or equal to about 30g/m², less than or equal to about 25g/m², less than or equal to about 20g/m², it is less than or equal to About 15g/m², less than or equal to about 10g/m², or less than or equal to about 5g/m²).The combination of above range is also possible (example Such as, the weight per unit area of the second layer is greater than about 3g/m²And less than or equal to about 50g/m²).Other ranges are also possible.

In some embodiments, the weight per unit area of first layer and the second layer may be selected to realize specific unit area Weight ratio.For example, the weight per unit area of first layer and second layer ratio is (for example, the weight per unit area of first layer: the second layer Weight per unit area) it can be at least 1:1, at least 2:1, at least 3:1, at least 5:1, at least 6:1, at least 10:1, at least 15:1, or At least 20:1.In some embodiments, the weight per unit area of first layer and second layer ratio is to be less than 15:1 less than 20:1, Less than 14:1, it is less than 10:1, is less than 6:1, be less than 5:1, be less than 4:1, be less than 3:1, is less than 2:1.The combination of above range is also Possible (for example, at least 3:1 and weight per unit area ratio less than 5:1).Other ranges are also possible.

In other embodiments, the weight per unit area of the second layer and first layer ratio is (for example, the unit plane of the second layer Product weight: the weight per unit area of first layer) it can be at least 1:1, at least 2:1, at least 3:1, at least 5:1, at least 6:1, at least 10:1, at least 15:1, or at least 20:1.In some embodiments, the weight per unit area of first layer and second layer ratio is small In 20:1, it is less than 15:1, is less than 14:1, be less than 10:1, be less than 6:1, be less than 5:1, be less than 4:1, be less than 3:1, is less than 2:1.On The combination for stating range is also possible (for example, at least 3:1 and weight per unit area ratio less than 5:1).

In embodiment comprising extra play (for example, third layer, the 4th layer etc.) in web, the unit plane of extra play Product weight can be about 5g/m²To about 800g/m².For example, the weight per unit area of extra play is greater than or equal to about 5g/m²(example Such as, greater than or equal to about 10g/m², greater than or equal to about 40g/m², greater than or equal to about 65g/m², greater than or equal to about 75g/ m², greater than or equal to about 100g/m², greater than or equal to about 150g/m², greater than or equal to about 200g/m², greater than or equal to about 250g/m², greater than or equal to about 300g/m², greater than or equal to about 400g/m², greater than or equal to about 500g/m², it is greater than or equal to About 600g/m², greater than or equal to about 700g/m²).In some cases, the weight per unit area of extra play be less than or equal to about 800g/m²(for example, less than or equal to about 700g/m², less than or equal to about 600g/m², less than or equal to about 500g/m², it is less than Or it is equal to about 400g/m², less than or equal to about 300g/m², less than or equal to about 250g/m², less than or equal to about 200g/m², small In or equal to about 165g/m², less than or equal to about 150g/m², less than or equal to about 100g/m², less than or equal to about 75g/m², Less than or equal to about 50g/m²).The combination of above range be also it is possible (for example, the weight per unit area of extra play be greater than About 5g/m²And less than or equal to about 100g/m²).Other ranges are also possible.

In certain embodiments, web described herein can have relatively high surface area.In certain embodiment party In case, the surface area of web can be about 0.1m²/ g to about 100m²/g.In some cases, the surface area of web is about 0.1m²/ g or bigger, about 1m²/ g or bigger, about 1.5m²/ g or bigger, about 2.0m²/ g or bigger, about 2.5m²/ g or bigger, about 3m²/ g or bigger, about 5m²/ g or bigger, about 10m²/ g or bigger, about 20m²/ g or bigger, about 30m²/ g or bigger, about 40m²/g Or bigger, about 50m²/ g or bigger, about 60m²/ g or bigger, about 70m²/ g or bigger, about 80m²/ g or bigger, or about 90m²/g Or it is bigger.In some embodiments, the surface area of web is about 100m²/ g or smaller, about 90m²/ g or smaller, about 80m²/ G or smaller, about 70m²/ g or smaller, about 60m²/ g or smaller, about 50m²/ g or smaller, about 40m²/ g or smaller, about 30m²/ g or It is smaller, about 20m²/ g or smaller, about 10m²/ g or smaller, about 5m²/ g or smaller, or about 2m²/ g or smaller.Above range Combination is also possible (for example, about 100m²/ g or smaller and about 10m²/ g or bigger surface area).Other ranges are also possible 's.

In some embodiments, layer (for example, first layer and/or second layer) can have in said one or more model Enclose interior surface area.

As described herein, surface area is measured by using standard BET surface area measuring technique.BET surface area according to International battery association criterion BCIS-03A, " Recommended Battery Materials Specifications Valve The 10th part of Regulated Recombinant Batteries " measures, and the 10th part is " Standard Test Method for Surface Area of Recombinant Battery Separator Mat".According to the technology, utilize Nitrogen is using BET surface area analyzer (for example, 2375 Surface Area Analyzer of Micromeritics Gemini III) via suction Contracture is analysed to measure BET surface area；Sample size is 3/4 " 0.5 gram to 0.6 gram of Guan Zhongwei；Also, sample is allowed to take off at 75 DEG C Gas minimum 3 hours.

Thickness as mentioned in this article is measured according to standard TAPPI T411.The thickness of web can be about 0.3mm extremely About 10mm.In some embodiments, the thickness of web is greater than or equal to about 0.3mm, greater than or equal to about 0.5mm, Greater than or equal to about 0.6mm, greater than or equal to about 0.8mm, it is greater than greater than or equal to about 1.0mm greater than or equal to about 1.2mm Or it is equal to about 1.5mm, and greater than or equal to about 2mm, greater than or equal to about 3mm, greater than or equal to about 4mm, greater than or equal to about 5mm, or greater than or equal to about 7mm.In certain embodiments, the thickness of web may be less than or be equal to about 10mm, small In or be equal to about 7mm, less than or equal to about 5mm, less than or equal to about 4mm, less than or equal to about 2mm, less than or equal to about 1.2mm, less than or equal to about 1.0mm, less than or equal to about 0.8mm, less than or equal to about 0.6mm, or less than or equal to about 0.4mm, less than or equal to about 0.2mm.The combination of above range is also possible (for example, greater than about 0.3mm and being less than or equal to The thickness of about 1.0mm).Other ranges are also possible.

In some embodiments, for entire web, layer (for example, first layer and/or second layer) can have upper State the thickness in one or more ranges.

Web shows suitable mean flow pore size.As described herein, mean flow pore size is according to standard ASTM F316 measurement.In some embodiments, mean flow pore size can be about 0.1 micron to about 50 microns (for example, about 0.1 micron To about 5 microns, about 5 microns to about 40 microns, about 15 microns to about 40 microns, or about 25 microns to about 40 microns).In some realities Apply in scheme, the mean flow pore size of web may be less than or be equal to about 50 microns, less than or equal to about 45 microns, be less than or Equal to about 40 microns, less than or equal to about 30 microns, less than or equal to about 25 microns, less than or equal to about 20 microns, be less than or Equal to about 15 microns, less than or equal to about 10 microns, or less than or equal to about 5 microns, less than or equal to about 3 microns, it is less than Or it is equal to about 2 microns, and less than or equal to about 1 micron, less than or equal to about 0.8 micron, less than or equal to about 0.5 micron, or Less than or equal to about 0.2 micron.In other embodiments, mean flow pore size is greater than or equal to about 0.1 micron, greatly In or be equal to about 0.2 micron, greater than or equal to about 0.5 micron, greater than or equal to about 0.8 micron, greater than or equal to about 1 micron, Greater than or equal to about 2 microns, greater than or equal to about 5 microns, greater than or equal to about 10 microns, greater than or equal to about 15 microns, greatly In or be equal to about 20 microns, greater than or equal to about 25 microns, greater than or equal to about 30 microns, greater than or equal to about 35 microns, greatly In or be equal to about 45 microns, or greater than or equal to about 50 microns.The combination of above range be also it is possible (for example, be greater than or Mean flow pore size equal to about 10 microns and less than or equal to about 50 microns).The other values and range of mean flow pore size It is possible.

In some embodiments, certain mechanical properties can preferably be showed for web.For example, institute as above It states, mainly comprising fibrillation synthetic fibers and non-fibrillating synthetic fibers (for example, having limited amount glass fibre or no glass The web of glass fiber) web can produce relatively flexible and strong filter medium, do not include in filter medium The associated environmental problem of conventional glass fibers.In some embodiments, relative to wherein incorporating relatively more glass fibres Web, described herein have seldom or even not that the web of glass fibre can express a greater degree of extend Rate, rupture strength and/or tensile strength.

In some embodiments, the stretch percentage elongation along web machine longitudinal direction may be greater than about 0.2%, greater than about 0.5%, greater than about 0.8%, greater than about 2%, greater than about 5%, greater than about 8%, greater than about 10%, and/or less than or equal to about 12%.For example, the stretch percentage elongation along web machine longitudinal direction can be about 0.2% to about 4.0%, about 0.2% to about 3.0%, About 0.5% to about 3.5%, about 0.5% to about 2.0%, about 1.0% to about 3.0%, about 1.5% to about 2.5%, or about 0.2% To about 12%.In some embodiments, the stretch percentage elongation along web transverse machine may be greater than about 0.2%, greater than about 0.5%, greater than about 0.8%, or greater than about 1.0%, greater than about 2%, greater than about 5%, greater than about 8%, greater than about 10%, and/ Or less than or equal to about 12%.For example, the stretch percentage elongation along web transverse machine can be about 0.2% to about 6.0%, about 0.2% to about 5.0%, about 0.2% to about 4.0%, about 0.5% to about 4.5%, about 1.0% to about 3.5%, about 1.0% to about 3.0%, about 2.0% to about 3.5%, or about 0.2% to about 12%.In some cases, the elongation percentage of increase degree is shown Web can also be for example by the way that show can be and the overall reduction of the issuable potential damage in the edge of filter medium It is more pleated.

Tensile strength of the filter medium along machine longitudinal direction may be greater than about 2N/15mm, greater than about 4N/15mm, greater than about 6N/ 15mm, greater than about 10N/15mm, greater than about 20N/15mm, greater than about 50N/15mm, greater than about 75N/15mm, greater than about 100N/ 15mm, greater than about 125N/15mm, greater than about 150N/15mm, or greater than about 175N/15mm, and/or less than or equal to about 200N/ 15mm.For example, tensile strength of the web along machine longitudinal direction can be about 3N/15mm to about 20N/15mm, about 1N/15mm is to about 6N/15mm, about 10N/15mm are to about 20N/15mm, about 1N/15mm to about 200N/15mm, or about 100N/15mm to about 200N/ 15mm.Web may be greater than about 1N/15mm, greater than about 3N/15mm, greater than about 4N/15mm along the tensile strength of transverse machine, Greater than about 6N/15mm, greater than about 10N/15mm, greater than about 20N/15mm, greater than about 50N/15mm, greater than about 75N/15mm, greatly In about 100N/15mm, greater than about 125N/15mm, greater than about 150N/15mm, or greater than about 175N/15mm, and/or be less than or wait In about 200N/15mm.In some cases, web can be about 1N/15mm to about 6N/ along the tensile strength of transverse machine 15mm, about 2N/15mm are to about 10N/15mm, or about 3N/15mm to about 9N/15mm, about 1N/15mm be to about 200N/15mm, or about 100N/15mm to about 200N/15mm.In some cases, transverse machine tensile strength can be more than or less than machine longitudinal stretching Intensity.

Tensile strength and stretch percentage elongation are measured according to standard TAPPI T494.

Maron burst test can be used as pressure holding as web needed for measuring puncture web under certain conditions The further test of the intensity of the instruction of loading capability.Maron rupture strength is measured according to standard TAPPI T403.In some implementations In scheme, the Maron rupture strength of web may be greater than 10psi, be greater than 15psi, be greater than 30psi, is greater than 40psi, is greater than 60psi is greater than 75psi, or about 5psi to about 120psi, about 5psi to about 50psi, or about 30psi to about 100psi.

Web described herein also can express beneficial filtration performance characteristics, for example, dust containing capacity (DHC), efficiency, Air penetrability etc..

Web described herein can have beneficial dust containing capacity characteristic.In some embodiments, web DHC can be about 80g/m²To about 300g/m².In some embodiments, DHC is greater than or equal to about 80g/m², it is greater than or waits In about 100g/m², greater than or equal to about 125g/m², greater than or equal to about 150g/m², greater than or equal to about 175g/m², be greater than or Equal to about 200g/m², greater than or equal to about 225g/m², greater than or equal to about 250g/m², greater than or equal to about 275g/m², it is greater than Or it is equal to about 300g/m², or greater than or equal to about 350g/m².In some cases, DHC may be less than or be equal to about 400g/ m², less than or equal to about 350g/m², less than or equal to about 300g/m², less than or equal to about 275g/m², less than or equal to about 250g/m², less than or equal to about 225g/m², less than or equal to about 200g/m², less than or equal to about 175g/m², it is less than or equal to About 150g/m², less than or equal to about 125g/m², or less than or equal to about 100g/m².The combination of above range is also possible (for example, greater than about 150g/m²And less than or equal to about 300g/m²DHC).Other ranges are also possible.

Dust containing capacity as mentioned in this article according to the multi-pass filtration test of 16889/19438 program of ISO based on (passing through The amendment of test planar sheet sample) it is tested on the multi-pass filtration test platform manufactured by FTI.The test can be in different condition Lower progress.Use is by PTI, Inc. system under the test swims weight dust level (BUGL) on the basis of 10mg/ rises to 50mg/ liter The ISO A3 medium-sized test dust (ISO A3Medium test dust) made.Test fluid is the aviation liquid produced by Mobil Press fluid AERO HFA MIL H-5606A.The test carries out under 0.06cm/ seconds to 0.16cm/ seconds face velocities until terminal Pressure is 1 to 2 (100kPa to 200kPa).Unless specified otherwise herein, otherwise dust containing capacity value (and/or efficiency value) described herein It is measured under the face velocity of BUGL, 0.06cm/ second and the terminal pressure of 100kPa of 25mg/L.

The efficiency (for example, liquid filter efficiency) and starting efficiency being filtered to varying particle size are (for example, initial liquid Body filter efficiency) above-mentioned multi-pass filtration test can be used to measure.It can be used suitable web to for example following ruler Very little particle is filtered: greater than or it is equal to about 50 microns, greater than or equal to about 30 microns, greater than or equal to about 20 microns, greatly In or be equal to about 15 microns, greater than or equal to about 10 microns, greater than or equal to about 5 microns, greater than or equal to about 4 microns, be greater than Or it is equal to about 3 microns, or greater than or equal to about 1 micron.It can take and given an account of on ten points by test period equal part Smallest particles size x that the upstream and downstream of matter selects (for example, wherein x be 1 micron, 2 microns, 3 microns, 4 microns, 5 microns, 7 Micron, 10 microns, 15 microns, 20 microns, 25 microns, 30 microns, 40 microns or 50 microns) granule number (particle/milliliter). In general, particle size x means that x microns or bigger of particle will be by the layer or capture medium.The granule number of upstream and downstream Average value can obtain under the smallest particles size respectively selected and particle greater than that size.According to being averaged in upstream Granule number (injection, C₀) and average grain number (passing through, C) in downstream, the liquid mistake to the smallest particles size respectively selected Filtering efficiency test value can be determined by relationship [(1- [C/C0]) * 100%].As described herein, efficiency can be according to standard The measurement of 16889/19438 program of ISO.Similar scheme can be used and measure starting efficiency, institute after the test of starting efficiency fingering row Give an account of average efficiency measured value of the matter at the 4th minute, the 5th minute and the 6th minute.Unless otherwise specified, described herein Efficiency and starting efficiency measured value refer to wherein x=4 microns of value.

Web described herein can have the efficiency (for example, liquid filter efficiency) of wide scope.In some embodiment party In case, the efficiency of web is about 90% to about 100%.The efficiency can be to be greater than or be equal to about 90%, be greater than or wait In about 92%, greater than or equal to about 94%, greater than or equal to about 96%, greater than or equal to about 98%, greater than or equal to about 99%, Greater than or equal to about 99.4%, greater than or equal to about 99.5%, greater than or equal to about 99.7%, greater than or equal to about 99.8%, Greater than or equal to about 99.9%, or greater than or equal to about 99.99%.It is for example following different to filter that such efficiency can be achieved The particle of size: 10 microns or bigger of particle, 8 microns or bigger of particle, 6 microns or bigger of particle, 5 microns or bigger Particle, 4 microns or bigger of particle, 3 microns or bigger of particle, 2 microns or bigger of particle or 1 micron or bigger Particle.Other particle sizes and efficiency are also possible.

Above-mentioned efficiency value is suitable for single layer arrangement and the arrangement comprising multilayer.For example, comprising first layer and the second layer Combination filtering arrangement (wherein one of described layer includes at least one fibrillating fibre) can be in some embodiments to 4 microns Or bigger particle, the particle to 3 microns or bigger in other embodiments, to 2 microns in other embodiment Or bigger particle, or following efficiency: greater than is shown to 1 micron or bigger of particle in other embodiment or is waited In about 90%, greater than or equal to about 92%, greater than or equal to about 94%, greater than or equal to about 96%, greater than or equal to about 98%, Greater than or equal to about 99%, greater than or equal to about 99.4%, greater than or equal to about 99.5%, greater than or equal to about 99.7%, greatly In or be equal to about 99.8%, greater than or equal to about 99.9%, or greater than or equal to about 99.99%.

In some embodiments, layer (for example, first layer, the second layer and/or extra play) can have in said one or Efficiency within the scope of more.

In addition, web can have starting efficiency appropriate.In some embodiments, the starting efficiency can be about 30% to about 99.999% (for example, about 60% to about 99.9%).For example, in certain embodiments, the starting efficiency can It is at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%.Other ranges are also possible.

In some embodiments, layer (for example, first layer, the second layer and/or extra play) can have in said one or Starting efficiency within the scope of more.

In certain embodiments, web may be configured to realize high fuel-water separative efficiency, for example, being used for from fuel- Water outlet is separated in aqueous emulsion.In some embodiments, the fuel-water separative efficiency can be about 30% to about 99.999% (for example, about 60% to about 99.9%).For example, in certain embodiments, the fuel-water separative efficiency can be at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%.Other ranges are also possible.

As used herein, fuel-water separative efficiency uses SAEJ1488 test measurement.The test is related to making to contain by pump There is the fuel (ultra low sulfur diesel fuel) of controlled water content (2500ppm) to pass through the medium with 0.069cm/ seconds face velocities. The water and milk is melted into fine droplets and it is made to challenge the medium.Water coalescence or fall off (shed) either both, and It collects in the bottom of shell.The water content of both upstream and downstreams of the medium is measured by Karl Fischer titration. The efficiency is the amount of the water removed from the fuel-water mixture.The fuel-water separative efficiency is according to (1-C/ 2500) it * 100 calculates, wherein C is the water concentration in downstream.

In general, the medium can be divided into based on the amount of the water of collection it is coalescence or falling off.If the collection of water is more on the upper side Trip, then the medium is mainly to fall off.If the collection more downstream of water, the medium is mainly to coalesce.It can also send out Raw combinations of the above, wherein the medium can be both coalescence and fall off.

Web can express air penetrability feature appropriate.In some embodiments, it is vertical to can be about 0.1 for the air penetrability Every square feet of feet per minute (cfm/sf) to about 250cfm/sf (for example, about 0.5cfm/sf to about 50cfm/sf, about 50cfm/sf to about 125cfm/sf, about 5cfm/sf are to about 150cfm/sf, about 10cfm/sf to about 150cfm/sf, or about 50cfm/sf to about 150cfm/sf).In some embodiments, the air penetrability is greater than or equal to about 0.5cfm/sf, Greater than or equal to about 2cfm/sf, greater than or equal to about 5cfm/sf, greater than or equal to about 10cfm/sf, greater than or equal to about 25cfm/sf is greater than greater than or equal to about 75cfm/sf greater than or equal to about 100cfm/sf greater than or equal to about 50cfm/sf Or it is equal to about 150cfm/sf, greater than or equal to about 200cfm/sf, or greater than or equal to about 250cfm/sf.In certain implementations In scheme, the air penetrability may be less than or be equal to about 250cfm/sf, less than or equal to about 200cfm/sf, less than or equal to about 175cfm/sf, less than or equal to about 150cfm/sf, less than or equal to about 125cfm/sf, less than or equal to about 100cfm/sf, Less than or equal to about 75cfm/sf, less than or equal to about 50cfm/sf, less than or equal to about 25cfm/sf, or it is less than or equal to About 5cfm/sf.The combination of above range be also it is possible (for example, greater than or equal to about 5cfm/sf and less than or equal to about The air penetrability of 200cfm/sf).Other ranges are also possible.

As described herein, the permeability is measured according to standard TAPPI T-251.The permeability is flow resistance Inverse function and can with Frazier permeability test instrument (for example, TexTest Instrument, FX 3300) measure. Frazier permeability test instrument measures the air for passing through unit area sample per unit time under the fixation pressure difference of sample two sides Volume.Air penetrability can be indicated with every square feet of cubic feet per minute under 0.5 inch of water difference.

In some embodiments, layer (for example, first layer and/or second layer) can have in said one or more model Enclose interior permeability.

In some embodiments, the air penetrability of the extra play (for example, third layer, the 4th layer etc.) of web can be about 0.5 every square feet of cubic feet per minute (cfm/sf) is to about 1500cfm/sf (for example, about 0.5cfm/sf to about 70cfm/ Sf, about 5cfm/sf are to about 700cfm/sf, or about 5cfm/sf to about 1300cfm/sf).In some embodiments, described Gas rate is greater than or equal to about 0.5cfm/sf, greater than or equal to about 5cfm/sf, greater than or equal to about 10cfm/sf, be greater than or Equal to about 50cfm/sf, greater than or equal to about 70cfm/sf, greater than or equal to about 100cfm/sf, greater than or equal to about 300cfm/ Sf, greater than or equal to about 500cfm/sf, greater than or equal to about 700cfm/sf, or greater than or equal to about 1000cfm/sf.? In certain embodiments, the air penetrability may be less than or be equal to about 1500cfm/sf, small less than or equal to about 1300cfm/sf In or be equal to about 1000cfm/sf, less than or equal to about 800cfm/sf, less than or equal to about 400cfm/sf, less than or equal to about 100cfm/sf, or less than or equal to about 50cfm/sf.The combination of above range is also possible.Other ranges are also possible 's.

In some embodiments, web described herein can have certain between mean flow pore size and permeability Kind relationship.Relationship between the mean flow pore size and permeability is represented by [mean flow pore size (μm)/(permeability (cfm/sf))^0.5], herein also referred to as permeability hole index (Perm.Pore Index).That is, the mean flow of fiber medium Metering-orifice diameter can be divided by the square root of the permeability of the medium.In general, there is more efficient in the identical situation of every other factor The web of rate can have lower [mean flow pore size (μm)/(permeability (cfm/sf))^0.5] value.

In some embodiments, [the mean flow pore size (μm)/(permeability (cfm/ of web described herein sf))^0.5] value is about 0.5 to about 3.0.In some embodiments, [the mean flow pore size (μm)/(permeability of web (cfm/sf))^0.5] value be less than or equal to about 3, less than or equal to about 2.5, less than or equal to about 2, less than or equal to about 1.8, Less than or equal to about 1.6, less than or equal to about 1.5, less than or equal to about 1.4, less than or equal to about 1.2, less than or equal to about 1.0, less than or equal to about 0.9, less than or equal to about 0.8, less than or equal to about 0.7, or less than or equal to about 0.6.One In a little embodiments, [mean flow pore size (μm)/(permeability (cfm/sf)) of web^0.5] value greater than or equal to about 0.5, Greater than or equal to about 0.6, greater than or equal to about 0.8, greater than or equal to about 1.0, greater than or equal to about 1.2, greater than or equal to about 1.5, or greater than or equal to about 2.0.The combination of above range be also it is possible (for example, greater than about 0.5 and less than or equal to about 1.5 [mean flow pore size (μm)/(permeability (cfm/sf))^0.5] value).Other ranges are also possible.

In some embodiments, layer (for example, first layer and/or second layer) can have in said one or more model Enclose interior [mean flow pore size (μm)/(permeability (cfm/sf))^0.5] value.

Although it should be understood that describe the above-mentioned parameter and feature about web, identical parameter and feature (including The value and range of these parameters and feature) it can also be used for filter medium.

Suitable method can be used to generate for web described herein, such as use wet laying process or non-wet process Net-forming process (for example, dry-laying process, spinning technique, melt-blown process or other any suitable methods).In general, wet process at Network process includes mixing the web of one or more of seed types；For example, by nonfibrillated fiber (for example, single group Point and/or bicomponent fibre) with fibrillating fibre or any other components (for example, other kinds of synthetic fibers) be blended in one It rises to provide fibre stuff.It in certain embodiments, only include fibrillating fibre in slurry.In some embodiments, former Fibrillated fibers are a type of but horizontal with different fibrillation.Slurry can be such as water-based slurry.In certain implementations In scheme, fibrillating fibre, optional nonfibrillated fiber and other any suitable fibers be mixed together (for example, To obtain uniformity degree bigger in mixture) selectively separately storage or combination are stored in different holding vessels before In.

For example, the first fiber (for example, fibrillating fibre or nonfibrillated fiber) can be mixed together in a vessel And slurrying, and the second fiber (for example, fibrillating fibre) can be mixed into simultaneously slurrying in a separate container.It then can be by the first fibre The second fiber combinations of peacekeeping form Single Fiber mixture together.Pulping can be passed through before or after mixing Machine processes suitable fiber.In some embodiments, pass through pulper and/or holding vessel before mixing The fiber such as composition of nonfibrillated fiber, fibrillating fibre and/or other synthetic fibers is processed.It should be understood that mixed Other components can also be introduced by closing in object.Furthermore, it is to be understood that the composition of other fiber types can be used in fibre blend, Such as fiber type described herein.

In certain embodiments, two or more layers are formed by wet laying process.For example, can be by solvent Fibrous first dispersion (for example, slurry) of packet is applied to paper machine (for example, fourdrinier wire is made in (for example, aqueous solvent such as water) Paper machine or rotoforming paper machine) net conveyor on to form the first layer that is loaded by the net conveyor.In deposited thereon While one layer or later by fibrous second dispersion of packet in solvent (for example, aqueous solvent such as water) (for example, another Slurry) it is applied on first layer.Constantly the first dispersion of fiber and the second dispersion are applied during the above process true Sky from fiber to remove solvent, to generate the product comprising first layer and the second layer.Then to the product being consequently formed into Row drying, also, if it is necessary, (for example, calendering) is further processed to form multi-layered web using known method. In some embodiments, such to handle the ladder that can produce at least one characteristic of the thickness for crossing two or more layers Degree.

It can be used any appropriate method for generating slurry.In some embodiments, it can be added in addition into slurry Additive in order to being processed.Can also the temperature was then adjusted to OK range, for example, 33 °F to 100 °F (for example, 50 °F extremely 85°F).In some cases, the temperature of slurry is kept.In some cases, temperature is not adjusted actively.

In some embodiments, wet laying process use equipment similar with conventional paper technology, for example, waterpower is broken Pulp grinder, forming machine or head box, drier and optional converter.In some cases, experimental handsheet mold can also be used Web is made.As described above, slurry can be prepared in one or more pulpers.Slurry suitably mixes in pulper Later, can be entered in head box with by slurry pumping, slurry may or may not be with other slurry compositions in head box.Can add or Other additives can not be added.Also can be used other water by pulp dilution so that the ultimate density of fiber in the appropriate range, example Such as, by weight about 0.1% to about 0.5%.

Wet laying process may be particularly useful for being formed in web for example those of described herein one or more The gradient of a characteristic.For example, in some cases, identical mashing pump is sent into individual head box to be formed in web Different layers and/or gradient.In other cases, two or more different mashing pumps can be sent into individual head box In to form layer and/or gradient different in web.For laboratory sample, first layer can be formed by fibre stuff, to it It is drained and is dried, then the second layer can be formed by fibre stuff on the top.In other embodiments, it can be formed First layer and the second layer can be formed on the top, it is drained and is dried.

In some cases, the pH of fibre stuff can be adjusted as needed.For example, the fiber of slurry usually can be in neutrallty condition Lower dispersion.

Before slurry is sent into head box, optionally make slurry by centrifugal cleaner and/or pressurized screen to remove Unfiberized material.Slurry can be made to pass through or (such as refiner or fluffer be not to further increase by other equipment The dispersion or fibrillation of fiber.For example, fluffer can be used for smoothly or removing can be at the arbitrary point during fibre stuff formation The block or protrusion of appearance.Then it can be used any appropriate equipment (for example, fourdrinier machine, rotoforming paper machine, cylinder Paper machine or inclined wire fourdrinier machine) fiber is collected to sieve or online with rate appropriate.

In some embodiments, the technique include to preformed fibrous layer (for example, comprising fibrillating fibre and Nonfibrillated fiber) in introduce binder (and/or other components).In some embodiments, make fibrous layer along suitable Sieve or Netcom it is out-of-date, using suitable technology by the different component for including in binder (can individually be emulsion form) add To fibrous layer.In some cases, the various components of binder resin are mixed before being combined with other components and/or fibrous layer Synthetic emulsion.In some embodiments, such as gravity and/or vacuum can be used to pull the component for including in binder resin Pass through fibrous layer.In some embodiments, the one or more of components for including in binder can be diluted with softened water and are pumped It send to fibrous layer.In some embodiments, on the medium to be formed or other any suitable methods can be passed through by spraying to Binder is introduced into fibrous layer by (for example, size press coating, the painting of foam saturation, curtain coating, stick etc.).In some embodiments In, binder material can be applied in fibre stuff before fibre stuff is introduced into head box.For example, can be by binder Material introduces (for example, injection) fibre stuff and impregnates fiber and/or be deposited on fiber.In some embodiments, can lead to It crosses solvent saturation process as described in more detail in this article and binder resin is added to web.

In other embodiments, one or more layers of web are formed using non-wet laying process.At certain In a little embodiments, non-wet laying process includes dry-laying process, such as carding process.In some embodiments, make Use air-laid process.For example, in air-laid process, it can be when air be blown to conveyer belt by non-fibrillating synthetic fibers It is mixed with fibrillating fibre (for example, Lyocell fibers), then applies binder.In some embodiments, it is combing In science and engineering skill, fiber is operated by roller and the prolongation (for example, hook, needle) connecting with the roller before applying binder.? Under some cases, forming web by non-wet laying process can be more suitable for generating highly porous medium.

As described herein, the first layer of web and/or the second layer can be formed by non-wet laying process.Some In embodiment, such as above-mentioned institute, (for example, by saturation, spraying etc.) first layer can be impregnated with any appropriate binder resin And/or the second layer.

During or after web formation, web can be further processed according to various well-known techniques.It is optionally possible to Using such as lamination, extra play to form extra play and/or is added to web by the techniques such as pleating or sequence altogether.For example, Under some cases, two layers are made to form composite article by wet laying process as described above, then by any appropriate Technique (for example, lamination, altogether pleating or sequence) combines the composite article with third layer.It is appreciated that can not only be based on each The component of fibrous layer can also (the multiple fibrous layer changes property combination appropriate to be had to be formed according to multiple fibrous layers are used The web of feature described herein) effect modify the web formed by technique described herein or compound system Product.

In some embodiments, further processing may include being pleated to web.For example, can be connect by the technique that is pleated altogether Close two layers.In some cases, fiber net folding can be allowed to come to fibre by forming scribing line with the spacing appropriate that is spaced each other Tie up net or its each layer pleating.It should be understood that any appropriate pleating technology can be used.

In some embodiments, web can be post-treated, such as is subjected to corrugation processing to increase net internal surface area. In the embodiment that web is folded or wrinkled, the depth of pleat or wrinkle can change in about 0.01mm between about 7mm.For example, The depth of pleat or wrinkle can be at least about 0.01mm, at least about 0.1mm, at least about 1mm, at least about 2mm, or at least about 5mm, and/ Or less than or equal to about 7mm, less than or equal to about 5mm, less than or equal to about 3mm, or less than or equal to about 1mm.It is above-mentioned The combination of range is also possible.Other ranges are also possible.The periodicity of pleat or wrinkle can also change, for example, about 2 periods/ Inch is to about 8 periods/inch.

In other embodiments, web can through embossing or through impression handle in web generate protrusion and/ Or dent.In embodiments some in this way, the depth of protrusion or dent can change in about 0.01mm between about 7mm.For example, Protrusion or the depth of dent can be at least about 0.01mm, at least about 0.1mm, at least about 1mm, at least about 2mm, or at least about 5mm, And/or less than or equal to about 7mm, less than or equal to about 5mm, less than or equal to about 3mm, or less than or equal to about 1mm.It is above-mentioned The combination of range is also possible.Other ranges are also possible.

It should be understood that web also may include other parts in addition to one or more layers described herein.In some realities It applies in scheme, is further processed including being incorporated to one or more structure features and/or reinforcing element.For example, web can be made It is combined with additional structure feature (such as polymeric web and/or metal mesh).In some embodiments, sieve backing can be set It sets on web, bigger rigidity is provided.In some cases, sieve backing can help to keep the construction of pleating.For example, Sieve backing can be the metal mesh extended or the plastic wire being squeezed into.

In some embodiments, the web that can will act as filter medium is incorporated to various filter elements for different Filtration application.The exemplary types of filter include movable hydraulic roof filter, hydraulic industry filter, fuel filter (example Such as, motor vehicle fuel filter), oil strainer (for example, lubricating oil filter or heavy load lubricating oil filter), chemical process Filter, industrial processes filter, medical filter (for example, blood filter), air filter and water filter.In some feelings Under condition, filter medium described herein may be used as coalescer filter medium.The filter medium is applicable to filtering gas Or liquid.

It web disclosed herein and filter medium can be incorporated to various filter elements is used for different applications and include Hydraulic and non-hydraulic filtration application (including the application of fuel applications, lubricating oil, air applications etc.).Hydraulic filter is (for example, high pressure Filter, in press through filter and low-pressure filter) example of use include movable filter and industrial filter.

In use, web mechanically captures particle on layer or in layer when fluid flows through filter medium. The web does not need to charge to increase the capture of pollutant.Therefore, in some embodiments, the filter medium is not Electrification.However, in some embodiments, the filter medium can be electrification.

Embodiment

Certain embodiments that following embodiment is intended to illustrate the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting of the invention Entire scope and entire scope of the invention is not illustrated.

Embodiment 1

This embodiment show the methods of manufacture double layer fibre net, which includes: containing cellulosic pulp fibers First layer and the second layer containing fibrillation aromatic polyamide fibre.

The double-deck handmade paper is made using experimental handsheet mold.The fiber and 1000mL of first layer will be used in blender Water mixes 2 minutes.Slurry is put into handsheet mold and is forming web on the net.Web is drained and is dried. Then the web is put back in handsheet mold, and the second slurry is put into handsheet mold and is formed in first layer Top.Resulting web is drained and is dried.Resulting web includes the first layer containing cellulose pulp With the second layer containing fibrillation aromatic polyamide fibre.Addition is 18.9g (HP-11 cork sheet for the amount of the material of first layer Slurry, HBA softwood pulp and Kuralon SPG-056 vinal, ratio are [56.5:42.5:1]), addition is used for second The amount of the material (100% Nomex paper pulp) of layer is 3.8g.The Canadian Standard Freeness of fibrillation aromatic polyamide fibre is Average value 80mL.

The permeability of the sample is 2.5CFM, and mean flow pore size is average more under 1.1 microns, 4 microns or larger particle Logical efficiency is 99.7%, dust containing capacity 115g/m², weight per unit area is 137.5 pounds per reams of (lb/ream) (units of the second layer Area weight is 12.5 pounds per reams, and the weight per unit area of first layer is 125 pounds per reams).For the more of determination efficiency and dust containing capacity By filter 16889/19438 program of experimental evidence ISO in the basis 10mg/L upstream weight level (BUGL), 0.16cm/ seconds faces It is carried out under speed, 200kPa terminal pressure and 1L/ minutes flows.Permeability hole index value is 0.696.

The embodiment shows to obtain in the fiber medium comprising fibrillating fibre in one layer higher for 4 microns Efficiency.The embodiment also shows that lower permeability hole index and higher dust containing capacity can be obtained in such medium. The embodiment also shows that such efficiency and dust containing capacity can be obtained in the web for not including any glass fibre.

Embodiment 2

Present embodiment illustrates the manufacture of wet-laid fibrous web, which includes: including Robur Flash (cellulose) fiber: HP-11 cork fibrous: the first layer of the mixture of PET (0.6d × 5mm) fiber；And including original The second layer of fibrillation Lyocell fibers.If changing the fibrillation level of the fiber in first layer to manufacture dry-eye disease.

Double layer fibre net is manufactured using wet-laying paper process.First layer is formed on fourdrinier machine and is drained, and is used Another head box forms the second layer on the top.Resulting web includes: contain Robur Flash (cellulose) fiber: HP-11 cork fibrous: the first layer of the mixture of PET (0.6d × 5mm) fiber；With second containing fibrillated lyocell fibers Layer.The average Canadian Standard Freeness of Lyocell fibers in the second layer is 40mL.

The weight ratio of fiber 1:1:0.46 by weight in first layer.The weight per unit area of the second layer and first layer ratio Change with the condition of the fine grinding (fibrillation) for the fiber in first layer.For each sample, the target list of combination layer Position area weight is 60 pounds per reams.The following conditions are tested:

A. sample 1: the second layer: first layer weight per unit area ratio is 1:2, does not have fibrillating fibre in first layer.

B. sample 2: the second layer: first layer weight per unit area ratio is 1:2, has some fibrillating fibres in first layer. Permeability hole index value is 2.33.

C. sample 3: the second layer: first layer weight per unit area ratio is 1:5, has some fibrillating fibres in first layer. Permeability hole index value is 0.94.Three above condition is produced with relatively low [the mean flow metering-orifice in 1 to 3 range Diameter (μm)/(permeability (cfm/sf))^0.5] value web.

This embodiment, which is also shown, can obtain desired infiltration in the web for not including any glass fibre Rate hole index.

Embodiment 3

Lyocell fibers and the combination of eucalyptus fibers (eucalyptus fiber) are used to manufacture fibre as the first top layer Tie up net.It does not include on the second bottom of fibrillating fibre that first layer, which is formed in,.Eucalyptus is the bardwood pulp with very small diameter, And it can contribute to obtain dense top layer.Lyocell fibers in first top layer have the average CSF of about 40mL.In first layer Lyocell fibers and eucalyptus fibers amount it is different.The weight per unit area of first layer is also different.

55 pounds per reams of layers of weight per unit area of second bottom, and the Robur for being 1:1:0.46 by ratio by weight Flash (cellulose) fiber: HP-11 fiber: PET (0.6d × 5mm) fiber is formed.Table 1, which is shown, measures each sample The Lyocell fibers in the first top layer and the scores of eucalyptus fibers, the first top layer weight per unit area and obtain Permeability hole index.

Table 1

* permeability hole index measurement is [mean flow pore size (μm)/(permeability (cfm/sf))^0.5]。

This example show by added in the first top layer lyocell combine with another paper pulp can obtain it is relatively low Permeability hole index value.Permeability hole index value obtained for these samples is 0.8 to 2.25.The embodiment is also shown Such value can be obtained in the web for not including any glass fibre.

Embodiment 4

In the case that the experiment shows the fibrillation level of the Lyocell fibers in the first top layer for changing Double-level Reticulated It can be realized the fiber medium with different air penetrabilities.

First top layer include Lyocell fibers, and the weight per unit area of this layer in different samples at 10 pounds per reams Change between to 20 pounds per reams.Second bottom is fine by the HPZ: softwood kraft pulp: eucalyptus of the weight ratio of 0.34:0.15:0.52 Dimension is made, and keeps for all samples identical.The Canadian Standard Freeness (CSF) of Lyocell fibers is no in top layer It together, and is 40mL, 60mL, 200mL or 250mL.Permeability hole is measured for each sample as shown in table 2 to refer to Numerical value.

Also the weight per unit area of the web, air penetrability, dust containing capacity and 4 microns of lower efficiency are tested, such as Shown in table 3.For the multi-pass filtration test of determination efficiency and dust containing capacity according to 16889/19438 program of ISO in 25mg/L base It is carried out under plinth upstream weight level (BUGL), 0.06cm/ seconds face velocities, 100kPa terminal pressure and 1L/ minutes flows.

Table 2

Table 3

This example show can be in the case where the Lyocell fibers for using different fibrillation levels in the first top layer Obtain different air penetrabilities.Web has the permeability hole index value less than 3.In addition, web realizes high efficiency value.The reality Such value can be obtained in the web for not including any glass fibre by applying example and also showing.

Embodiment 5

This embodiment illustrates the methods of manufacture double layer fibre net, and the double layer fibre net is then with setting in second layer downstream Meltblown layer sequence, which includes the first layer containing cellulosic pulp fibers and contains fibrillated lyocell fibers The second layer.

The double-deck handmade paper is made using experimental handsheet mold.By the fiber for being used for first layer, (10.8g contains in blender Have the cellulose fibre of 15%Prince George paper pulp, 51% eucalyptus fibers, 33%porosanier fiber) and 1000mL Water mixes 2 minutes to form the first slurry.By the first slurry be put into handsheet mold then on the net formed web (that is, First layer).It drains the web and is dried.Then the web is put back in handsheet mold to the base for serving as the second layer Bottom.

Second slurry has the fibrillated lyocell fibers paper pulp of 21% solid in 1000mL water comprising 7.57g.Fibril The average Canadian Standard Freeness for changing Lyocell fibers is 200mL.Second slurry is put into handsheet mold first The second layer is formed on the top of layer.Resulting double layer fibre net is set to drain and be dried.The unit area of resulting Double-level Reticulated Weight is 107.4gsm, air penetrability 15.4cfm/sf.

By weight per unit area be 36.8gsm and air penetrability is the layer of meltblown fibers and the bilayer on the screen cloth of 10cfm/sf Net sequence is to form whole compound.The downstream of the second layer of Double-level Reticulated is arranged in the meltblown layer described in the compound.It is described The avarage fiber diameter of meltblown fibers is 1 micron.

The air penetrability of the compound is 6cfm/sf, dust containing capacity 156gsm, weight per unit area 143.6gsm.This is multiple Closing object is 99.47% to the starting efficiency of 4 microns or larger particle.The compound filters the liquid of 4 microns or larger particle Efficiency is 99.81%.For measuring the multi-pass filtration test of starting efficiency, liquid filter efficiency and dust containing capacity according to ISO 16889/19438 program is in the basis 50mg/L upstream weight level (BUGL), 0.06cm/ seconds face velocities and 1L/ minutes stream Amount is lower to be carried out.Starting efficiency is the 4th minute, the 5th minute and the 6th minute after being tested efficiency.Liquid filter efficiency is The efficiency of the medium after arrival 100kPa terminal pressure.

This example show the filterings in a layer comprising fibrillating fibre and in another layer including meltblown fibers In medium relatively high dust containing capacity and efficiency can be obtained to 4 microns.With comprising with relatively high freedom (for example, implement Average CSF value is 80mL in example 1, is 40mL in embodiment 2, compares in embodiment 3 for the medium of the fibrillating fibre of 40mL), It is realized comparable due to having used the fibrillating fibre with lower freedom (for example, CSF=200mL) in this embodiment Compared with dust containing capacity and efficiency.The embodiment also show can be obtained in the web for not including any glass fibre it is such Dust containing capacity and efficiency.

Embodiment 6

This embodiment show the fuel-water separation effects that the filter medium comprising meltblown layer can improve the medium Rate.

Complex media is formed using step described in embodiment 5.The complex media includes double layer fibre net, this pair Layer web then sorts with the meltblown layer in the downstream that the second layer is arranged in, and the double layer fibre net contains cellulose pulp The first layer of fiber and the second layer containing fibrillated lyocell fibers.

The double layer fibre net of the embodiment has feature similar with double layer fibre net described in embodiment 5, difference Be in fibrillated lyocell fibers average Canadian Standard Freeness be 100mL.

The meltblown layer do not include screen cloth, and its weight per unit area be 106gsm, air penetrability 25.8cfm/sf, with And avarage fiber diameter is 4 microns to 8 microns.

The original liquid filter efficiency of compound comprising the double layer fibre net and the meltblown layer is 99.5%, liquid Filter efficiency is 99.7% and fuel-water separative efficiency is 63.2%.It is described double in the case where no meltblown layer The fuel-water separative efficiency of layer web is 32.5%.

It is contemplated that being described in embodiment 5 compared with the meltblown fibers (4 microns to 8 microns) of meltblown layer in the embodiment The medium comprising thinner meltblown fibers (1 micron) will realize be higher than 63.2% fuel-water separative efficiency.

It is described several aspects of at least one embodiment of the invention, it should be appreciated that art technology By easy progress various changes, modification and improvement for personnel.These changes, modifications are with improvement it is intended that the one of present disclosure Part, and purport is within the spirit and scope of the present invention.Therefore, foregoing description and attached drawing are only example.

Claims

1. a kind of filter medium, includes:

First layer, wherein the first layer includes more organic polymer fibers；

The second layer comprising more fibrillating fibres, wherein the second layer be wet laid layer and the second layer have than The low air penetrability of the air penetrability of the first layer；With

Third layer comprising synthetic polymeric fibers, wherein the third layer is non-wet laid layer,

Wherein the first layer and/or the second layer include the glass fibre of 0 weight % to 10 weight %, and

Wherein the filter medium can be realized 60% to 99.9% fuel-water separative efficiency.

2. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the average Canadian standard of the more fibrillating fibres is free Fibrillation level is spent to be greater than 100 mL and be less than or equal to 300 mL.

3. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the average Canadian standard of the more fibrillating fibres is free Fibrillation level is spent to be greater than 70 mL and be less than or equal to 90 mL.

4. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the first layer and/or the second layer include 0 weight % to 5 The glass fibre of weight %.

5. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the first layer and/or the second layer include less than 1 weight % Glass fibre.

6. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the second layer includes nonfibrillated fiber.

7. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the more fibrillating fibres are synthetic fibers.

8. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the second layer includes fibrillating fibre and nonfibrillated fiber Mixture.

9. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the more fibrillating fibres include Lyocell fibers.

10. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the more fibrillating fibres include aromatic polyamide fibre.

11. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the more fibrillating fibres include rayon fiber.

12. filter medium according to claim 1 the, wherein [mean flow pore size (μm)/(permeability of the second layer (CFM/SF))^0.5] value is less than 1.5.

13. filter medium according to claim 1 the, wherein [mean flow pore size (μm)/(permeability of the second layer (CFM/SF))^0.5] value is less than 1.

14. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the weight per unit area of the filter medium is greater than 90 g/m²And Less than or equal to 200 g/m²。

15. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the weight per unit area of the first layer is greater than or equal to 40 g/m²And less than 300 g/m²。

16. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the weight per unit area of the second layer is greater than or equal to 3 g/ m²And less than 50 g/m²。

17. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the weight per unit area of the first layer and the second layer The ratio between weight per unit area is at least 3:1 and is less than 5:1.

18. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the second layer includes greater than 5wt% and to be less than or equal to The fibrillating fibre of 60wt%.

19. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the first layer contains fibrillating fibre.

20. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the second layer contains the fibrillation more than or equal to 60wt% Fiber.

21. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the second layer contains the fibrillation more than or equal to 80wt% Fiber.

22. filter medium according to claim 1 also includes binder resin.

23. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the dust containing capacity of the filter medium is at least 100 g/m², wherein The dust containing capacity is according to 16889/19438 program of ISO using multi-pass filtration test in 25 basis mg/L upstream weight levels (BUGL), it is measured under the face velocity of 0.06 cm/s and 100 kPa terminal pressures.

24. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the first layer and/or the second layer are that wet-laying is fine Tie up net.

25. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the measurer of the fibrillating fibre of the filter medium crosses institute State the gradient of the thickness of filter medium.

26. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the level of fibrillation of the fibrillated fibers level of the filter medium has There is the gradient for the thickness for crossing the filter medium.

27. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the filter medium is to 4 microns or the liquid mistake of larger particle Filtering efficiency is at least 99%, wherein the efficiency uses multi-pass filtration test in 25 mg/L according to 16889/19438 program of ISO Basic upstream weight level (BUGL), 0.06 cm/s face velocity and 100 kPa terminal pressures under measure.

28. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the filter medium is to 4 microns or the liquid mistake of larger particle Filtering efficiency is at least 99.5%, wherein the efficiency uses multi-pass filtration test in 25 mg/ according to 16889/19438 program of ISO It is measured under the basis L upstream weight level (BUGL), the face velocity of 0.06 cm/s and 100 kPa terminal pressures.

29. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the filter medium is to 4 microns or the liquid mistake of larger particle Filtering efficiency is at least 99.9%, wherein the efficiency uses multi-pass filtration test in 25 mg/ according to 16889/19438 program of ISO It is measured under the basis L upstream weight level (BUGL), the face velocity of 0.06 cm/s and 100 kPa terminal pressures.

30. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the filter medium includes accessory fibers stratum reticulare.

31. filter medium according to claim 30, wherein the accessory fibers stratum reticulare includes meltblown layer.

32. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the average Canadian standard of the more fibrillating fibres is free It spends fibrillation level and is less than or equal to 300 mL, be less than or equal to 200 mL, be less than or equal to 100 mL, or be less than or equal to 50 mL。

33. filter medium according to claim 1 is less than wherein the filter medium includes to be less than or equal to 100wt% Or it is equal to 80wt%, it is less than or equal to 60wt%, or the fibrillating fibre less than or equal to 40wt%.

34. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the more organic polymer fibers are cellulose fibre.

35. filter medium according to claim 1, wherein the second layer includes more fibrillation than the first layer Fiber.

36. filter medium according to claim 35, wherein the second layer includes the fibril chemical fibre than the first layer Tie up the fibrillating fibre with higher fibrillation level.

37. a kind of method, including passing through liquid according to claim 1 to filter medium described in any one of 36.

38. according to the method for claim 37, wherein the liquid is fuel.

39. a kind of filter element, comprising according to claim 1 to filter medium described in any one of 36.