A kind of inductive coupling type electric energy radio transmitting device and transmission method
Technical field:
The present invention relates to non-contact power field, be particularly suitable for electric automobile, robot, underwater electric energy transmission etc. and be not suitable for a kind of inductive coupling type electric energy radio transmitting device and the transmission method of contact.
Background technology:
Obtained from electrical network by electrical conductor contacts clamp device or contact plug it is known that energy transfer is typically all, but at some special occasions, some problems such as loose contact, overheated burning may be caused by the energy transfer of electrical conductor contacts formula.In order to solve special occasions energy transfer, propose the method that many electric fluxs are wirelessly transferred both at home and abroad, such as wireless power transmission methods such as microwave, laser, ultrasonic, electromagnetic induction couplings (being called for short inductively).In these methods, inductively wireless energy transfer mode is with fastest developing speed.Inductively electric flux is wirelessly transferred is based on loosely coupled transformer principle, the electric energy being sent to load first passes through supply convertor and is converted into alternating current, the electric flux of alternating current produces alternating magnetic field energy by loosely coupled transformer primary coil, alternating magnetic field energy being coupled secondary coil, secondary coil will be coupled into the alternating magnetic field energy on time limit and is converted into electric flux and is sent to load.Inductively electric flux is wirelessly transferred and need to primarily solve the problem that efficiency of transmission is low.Efficiency of transmission is low result in many difficulties, as primary electric flux cannot all be delivered to secondary, the energy left over must be at primary retentate, the energy part being detained returns power supply, a part of then produce powerful electric stress or heat affecting primary electrical structure, result causes transmission power, efficiency low, circuit job insecurity, unreliable.The low problem of efficiency of transmission theoretic can abstract for loosely coupled transformer leakage inductance big, leakage inductance numerical value big problem affected by various factors, the phenomenon of performance is that reactive power is big, unstable.Document " Stabilityandcontrolofinductivelycoupledpowertransfersyst ems " (IEEEProceedings-ElectricPowerApplications, 2000,147 (1), pp:37-43) propose at addition resonant network primary, secondary, the method eliminating reactive power, solves the problems that loose coupling causes.But need the operating frequency consistent with resonant network resonant frequency (being in resonant condition) of supply convertor when the problem of the method is work, the most actually used often should be off resonance and cisco unity malfunction.For this, patent CN201310065865.1 and CN201110283083.6 propose the phased electric capacity of a kind of employing, patent CN201310066463.3 proposes a kind of method using controlled inductance to carry out resonance compensation tracking respectively and maintains supply convertor consistent with the resonant frequency of resonant network, the problem improving resonant network off resonance whereby, this method is due to the compensation electric capacity used or compensates inductance limited amount, resonant frequency can only be carried out limited frequency range and compensate tracking, therefore the difficult problem that supply convertor must be consistent with resonant network resonant frequency frequency cannot really be solved;Document " inductive electric energy transmission system energy injection control method research " (Journal of UEST of China, Vol.40No.1, in January, 2011, pp:69-72) a kind of method that work engagement process between supply convertor and resonant network is divided into energy injection and two stages of free harmonic vibration is proposed, although this method can be improved the complexity of mathematical model during circuit design is analyzed and provide a kind of new method for energy control strategy, but in order to ensure Sofe Switch condition when circuit works, supply convertor still must keep consistent with the operating frequency of resonant network.In a word, although having many useful measures to carry out system resonance to compensate or control strategy change, but due to that supply convertor is not full decoupled with resonant network, supply convertor operating frequency must keep consistent constraint not have been resolved with the resonant frequency of resonant network, therefore, owing to the actual various variable of electric flux wireless transmission environments is complicated, above-mentioned method practical application effect is unsatisfactory.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the inductively electric-type electric flux radio transmitting device that a kind of energy injection process is carried out with resonant process timesharing.
Further object is that the transmission method that a kind of inductive coupling type electric energy radio transmitting device is provided, different from the method that current inductive coupling type electric energy is wirelessly transferred, one energy transmission cycle is divided into energy injection pattern, self-adapting resonance pattern, three patterns of shutdown mode by this transmission method, it is achieved the energy transfer of high-power high-efficiency.
A kind of inductive coupling type electric energy radio transmitting device, including power supply, control circuit, resonant slots, secondary energy pickup model;Described resonant slots is made up of switch matrix, resonant capacitance, voltage sensor, current sensor, loosely coupled transformer;Described secondary energy pickup model is provided with voltage sensor and current sensor;The input of described control circuit is connected with voltage sensor, current sensor, voltage sensor, current sensor respectively, and the outfan of described control circuit is connected with switch matrix;Two ports of described power supply are connected respectively to a gating end of two switch matrix, and two lead-in wires of described resonant capacitance are connected respectively to another gating end of two switch matrix;Described loosely coupled transformer is made up of primary coil and secondary coil, and two lead-in wires of described primary coil are connected respectively to the common port of two switch matrix, and two lead-in wires of described secondary coil are connected respectively to two inputs of described secondary energy pickup model;Described voltage sensor and current sensor are for the real-time running parameter detecting resonant slots, and testing result is sent to control circuit;Described voltage sensor and current sensor are for the real-time running parameter detecting secondary energy pickup model, and testing result is sent to control circuit;Described switch matrix is controlled by described control circuit according to above-mentioned testing result, it is achieved energy injection pattern, self-adapting resonance pattern, the Sofe Switch conversion of shutdown mode.
Described energy injection pattern is: control circuit controls switch matrix and is connected on power supply by primary coil, power supply is to primary coil Implantation Energy, and by the coupling of loosely coupled transformer, part energy is coupled to secondary coil, and received by energy pickup model, complete wireless energy transfer.The equivalent circuit such as (Fig. 2 a) of energy injection pattern, with the T-shaped equivalent model of transformator by loosely coupled transformer secondary coil and the secondary energy pickup model equivalence that is followed by primary, equivalent circuit includes: power supply, primary leakage inductance, mutual inductance, secondary leakage inductance, equivalent load resistance.
Described self-adapting resonance pattern is: control circuit controls switch matrix and is connected on resonant capacitance by primary coil, resonant slots is characterized generation resonance with resonant capacitance parameter, primary coil parameter, loosely coupled transformer secondary reflection to primary equivalent parameters, in resonant process, energy continues through loosely coupled transformer and is coupled to secondary, received by energy pickup model, complete wireless energy transfer.The equivalent circuit of self-adapting resonance pattern such as (Fig. 2 b), the resonant capacitance in resonant slots forms parallel resonance structure with primary coil, and equivalent circuit includes: resonant capacitance, primary leakage inductance, mutual inductance, secondary leakage inductance, equivalent load resistance.
Described shutdown mode is: control circuit controls primary coil and is neither connected with power supply, is not connected with resonant capacitance, form the disconnected state of sky, in resonant slots, the energy of remaining is stored in resonant capacitance with electric field energy form, and loosely coupled transformer does not carry out energy coupling, and secondary there is no energy.According to actual performance, shutdown mode can.
Voltage sensor, current sensor in described resonant slots are installed according to performance, are used for gathering running parameter in resonant slots, and the parameter collected is sent to control circuit.Voltage sensor can gather the voltage parameter at resonant capacitance two ends, it is possible to gathers the voltage parameter of other other parts that can reflect resonant slots working condition, and actual installation quantity determines according to performance;Current sensor can gather the current parameters flowing through primary coil, it is possible to gathers the current parameters of other other parts that can reflect resonant slots working condition, and actual installation quantity determines according to performance.
Voltage sensor, current sensor in described secondary energy pickup model are installed according to performance, and for gathering the running parameter in secondary energy pickup model, the parameter collected is sent to control circuit.Voltage sensor can gather loosely coupled transformer secondary coil both end voltage parameter, it is possible to gathers the voltage parameter of other other parts that can reflect secondary energy pickup model working condition, and actual installation quantity determines according to performance;Current sensor can gather the current parameters flowing through secondary coil, it is possible to gathers the current parameters of other other parts that can reflect secondary energy pickup model working condition, and actual installation quantity determines according to performance.
Described control circuit is made up of program processor and interlock circuit, is connected with voltage sensor, current sensor, receives the signal of the embodiment resonant slots duty sent by them;It is connected with voltage sensor, current sensor, receives the signal embodying secondary energy pickup model duty sent by them;It is connected with switch matrix, according to resonant slots and the secondary and duty of energy pickup model, simultaneously according to pre-set programme-control strategy, controls switch matrix and circuit is connected into respectively energy injection pattern, self-adapting resonance pattern and shutdown mode;But control energy injection pattern, time length ratio between self-adapting resonance pattern and shutdown mode this control the size of output.(Fig. 3) waveform of the electric current of primary coil in loosely coupled transformer is flow through in expression, can describe energy injection pattern, self-adapting resonance pattern and shutdown mode by (Fig. 3).
Described energy injection pattern is that power supply is to resonant slots Implantation Energy, specifically may be embodied in power supply and be connected to the primary coil of loosely coupled transformer by the switching of switch matrix, equivalent circuit such as (Fig. 2 a), primary current increases, loosely coupled transformer magnetic field energy increases, coupled by magnetic induction, part energy is delivered to secondary coil, secondary energy pickup model is passed to by secondary coil, the electric current analytic expression flowing through primary coil can be derived by (Fig. 2 a), and in its waveform such as (Fig. 3), the t0-t1 time period represents.
Described self-adapting resonance pattern is that the energy being stored in resonant slots forms self-adapting resonance between resonant capacitance and loosely coupled transformer, and during self-adapting resonance, loosely coupled transformer continues to transmit magnetic field energy to secondary coil by magnetic field coupling;Self-adapting resonance pattern is embodied at the end of energy injection pattern, by the switching of switch matrix, the primary coil of loosely coupled transformer exits the connection with power supply, it is transferred to resonant capacitance, its equivalent circuit such as (Fig. 2 b), now loosely coupled transformer has the magnetic field energy of maximum;Terminate in energy injection pattern, self-adapting resonance pattern is when starting, the current from power source end of primary coil is by the change of current to resonant capacitance, form resonance, resonant frequency can be calculated by (Fig. 2 b) and obtain, the electric current analytic expression flowing through primary coil can be derived by (Fig. 2 b), and its waveform is as shown in the t1-t2 time period in (Fig. 3).
Described shutdown mode is that resonant slots quits work, and now primary current is 0, and energy stops coupling to secondary, and in resonant slots, dump energy exists in resonant capacitance with electric field energy form or sends power supply back to.Being embodied in switch matrix the most primary coil not to be connected on power supply, be nor connected on resonant capacitance, flowing through primary current is 0, and waveform is as shown in the t2-t0 time period in (Fig. 3).According to performance, shutdown mode can be cancelled, the most remaining energy injection pattern and self-adapting resonance pattern.
Supply convertor is thoroughly decoupled by the present invention with resonant tank, work process is divided into energy injection, self-adapting resonance and turns off three patterns, the energy being not transferred to secondary in work need not return supply convertor, but stays self-adapting resonance vibration in resonant tank, remains coupled to secondary;The work of device is divided into three Main Patterns: energy injection pattern, self-adapting resonance pattern, shutdown mode;Be delivered to the watt level of secondary by the time length ratio scalable of three patterns of regulation, as required, shutdown mode can be cancelled, the most remaining energy injection pattern and self-adapting resonance pattern.
Supply convertor is actually lowered one's standard or status as general distribution power supply by transmission method of the present invention, energy injection process and resonant process are each independently to carry out, and resonant process resonant frequency comply with primary and secondary equivalent parameters traction, i.e. self-adapting resonance, need not consider consistent with power supply frequency of supply, therefore the present invention is with existing inductive coupling type electric energy radio transmitting method maximum difference: (1) drives power supply only in energy injection pattern participation work, to energy transform device Implantation Energy, output electric flux is just stopped after energy injection pattern terminates, do not interfere with mode of operation below;(2) in self-adapting resonance pattern, self-adapting resonance process realizes based on resonant tank real-time parameter self adaptation, i.e. resonant frequency depends on circuit parameter at that time, is not related with driving power supply, there are not the needs that must keep resonance between supply convertor and resonant tank, thoroughly broken away from and the constraint that resonant frequency is consistent between them, must have been kept, solve puzzlement at present the most inductively electric flux radio transmitting method due in real work because a variety of causes causes Parameters variation to cause off resonance to ultimately result in the key issue of system cisco unity malfunction.
The technological innovation of the present invention is by energy injection process being carried out with resonant process timesharing, power supply thoroughly decouples with resonant network, solve the difficult problem that in current the most inductively wireless power transmission universal method, supply convertor must be consistent with the operating frequency of resonant network, wireless energy transform device can under various complex working conditions self-adapting resonance, it is achieved the wireless energy transfer of high-power high-efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 a~b is schematic equivalent circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is primary coil 351 electric current time domain waveform schematic diagram of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described further;Seeing shown in Fig. 1~3, one inductive coupling type electric energy radio transmitting device of the present invention is made up of power supply 1, control circuit 2, resonant slots 3, secondary energy pickup model 4;Resonant slots 3 is the core of the present invention, it is made up of switch matrix 31, resonant capacitance 32, voltage sensor 33, current sensor 34, loosely coupled transformer 35, loosely coupled transformer 35 is made up of primary coil 351, secondary coil 352, secondary energy pickup model 4 is made up of the various secondary energy pick-up structures used in the most inductively wireless power transmission technology, is provided with voltage sensor 41, current sensor 42.One gating end of two switch matrix 31 that two ports of power supply 1 are connected respectively in resonant slots 3, two lead-in wires of the resonant capacitance 32 in resonant slots 3 connect another gating end of two switch matrix 31 respectively, in resonant slots 3, two lead-in wires of the primary coil 351 in loosely coupled transformer 35 are connected respectively to the common port of two switch matrix 31, and the two ends of secondary coil 352 are connected to two inputs of secondary energy pickup model 4;Control circuit 2 input is connected with voltage sensor 32, current sensor 33, voltage sensor 41, current sensor 42, and outfan is connected with switch matrix 31.
Loosely coupled transformer 35 is made up of primary coil 351, secondary coil 352.During apparatus of the present invention are in energy injection pattern or self-adapting resonance pattern, magnetic field energy in primary coil 351 is coupled to secondary coil 352 by magnetic induction, the magnetic field energy that coupling is obtained by secondary coil 352 is converted into electric current and is sent to secondary energy pickup model 4, completes wireless energy transfer.
Switch matrix 31 is made up of the IGBT switching tube no less than 1 or MOSEFT switching tube, constituting by a common port, the 3 end switch devices (also can be reduced to two ends switching device according to concrete application examples) of two gating ends, its effect is that primary coil 351 is connected to power supply 1 (corresponding energy injection pattern) or is connected to resonant capacitance 32 (corresponding self-adapting resonance pattern) or cut-offs state (correspondence cut-offs pattern) by the switching signal according to control circuit 2 offer.When primary coil 351 is connected with power supply 1, device enters energy injection pattern, the equivalent circuit such as (Fig. 2 a) of energy injection pattern, with the T-shaped equivalent model of transformator by loosely coupled transformer 35 secondary coil 352 and secondary energy pickup model 4 equivalence that is followed by primary, (Fig. 2 a) equivalent circuit bag includes: power supply 1, primary leakage inductance 3511, mutual inductance 3512, secondary leakage inductance 3513, equivalent load resistance 3514;Power supply 1 is to resonant slots 3 Implantation Energy, its equivalent circuit is as shown in (Fig. 2 a), primary coil 351 electric current increases, current waveform is as shown in the t0-t1 time period in (Fig. 3), resonant slots magnetic field energy increases, magnetic field energy is delivered to secondary coil 352 by magnetic induction coupling, and magnetic field energy is converted to electric current and is sent to secondary energy pickup model 4 by secondary coil 352, completes electric flux and is wirelessly transferred;When primary coil 351 is connected with resonant capacitance, device enters self-adapting resonance pattern, the equivalent circuit such as (Fig. 2 b) of self-adapting resonance pattern, resonant capacitance 32 in resonant slots forms parallel resonance structure with primary coil 351, and (Fig. 2 b) equivalent circuit includes: resonant capacitance 32, primary leakage inductance 3511, mutual inductance 3512, secondary leakage inductance 3513, equivalent load resistance 3514;The electric current of primary coil 351 from power supply 1 change of current to resonant capacitance 32, form self-adapting resonance, its equivalent circuit is as shown in (Fig. 2 b), primary coil 351 electric current is with the variation of amplitude attenuation sine wave, current waveform is as shown in the t1-t2 time period in (Fig. 3), time period self-energy continues through magnetic induction coupling and is delivered to secondary coil 352, and magnetic field energy is converted to electric current and is sent to secondary energy pickup model 4 by secondary coil 352, completes electric flux and is wirelessly transferred;When primary coil 351 is neither connected with power supply 1, is not connected with resonant capacitance 32, device enters shutdown mode, now primary coil 351 does not has electric current to flow through, and resonant slots 3 internal magnetic field energy is 0, dump energy exists in resonant capacitance 32 with electric field form, and this stage does not has energy to secondary transmission.
Shown in Figure 1, it is provided with voltage sensor 33, current sensor 34 in resonant slots 3, for detecting the duty of resonant slots 3.Voltage sensor can be parallel to resonant capacitance 32 two ends detection resonant capacitor voltage, it is possible to is connected to other element testing and can embody the voltage signal of resonant slots 3 duty.Current sensor 34 can be connected on primary coil 351 and detect electric current, it is possible to is connected to other element testing and can embody the current signal of resonant slots 3 duty.The output of voltage sensor 31 and current sensor 32 sends control circuit 2 to and receives.
Shown in Figure 1, it is provided with voltage sensor 41, current sensor 42 in secondary energy pickup model 4, for detecting the duty of secondary energy pickup model 4.Voltage sensor 41 and can be received secondary coil 352 two ends and detected its terminal voltage, it is possible to and receive other element, in order to detect the voltage signal that can embody secondary energy pickup model 4 duty.Current sensor 42 can be connected on secondary coil 352 and detect its electric current flow through, it is possible to be connected on other components and parts, in order to detect the current signal that can embody secondary energy pickup model 4 duty.The output of voltage sensor 41 and current sensor 42 sends control circuit 2 to and receives.
Shown in Figure 1, control circuit 2 receives by the voltage sensor 33 being arranged in resonant slots 3, the signal of current sensor 34;Receive by the voltage sensor 41 being arranged in secondary energy pickup model 4, the signal of current sensor 42.Control circuit 2 is according to these signals received, and through judging planning, forms control signal and is sent to switch matrix 31, by the switching of switch matrix 31, makes the energy injection pattern that is operated in, self-adapting resonance pattern or shutdown mode that device energy is correct.
Supply convertor is thoroughly decoupled by the present invention with resonant tank, different from the method that current inductive coupling type electric energy is wirelessly transferred, work process is divided into energy injection, self-adapting resonance and turns off three patterns, the energy being not transferred to secondary in work need not return supply convertor, but stay self-adapting resonance vibration in resonant tank, remain coupled to secondary.In the present invention, the work of device is divided into three Main Patterns: energy injection pattern, self-adapting resonance pattern, shutdown mode.Be delivered to the watt level of secondary by the time length ratio scalable of three patterns of regulation, as required, shutdown mode can be cancelled, the most remaining energy injection pattern and self-adapting resonance pattern.Actually supply convertor is lowered one's standard or status as general distribution power supply due to this method, energy injection process and resonant process are each independently to carry out, and resonant process resonant frequency comply with primary and secondary equivalent parameters traction, i.e. self-adapting resonance, need not consider consistent with power supply frequency of supply, therefore the present invention is with existing inductive coupling type electric energy radio transmitting method maximum difference: (1) drives power supply only in energy injection pattern participation work, to energy transform device Implantation Energy, output electric flux is just stopped after energy injection pattern terminates, do not interfere with mode of operation below;(2) in self-adapting resonance pattern, self-adapting resonance process realizes based on resonant tank real-time parameter self adaptation, i.e. resonant frequency depends on circuit parameter at that time, is not related with driving power supply, there are not the needs that must keep resonance between supply convertor and resonant tank, thoroughly broken away from and the constraint that resonant frequency is consistent between them, must have been kept, solve puzzlement at present the most inductively electric flux radio transmitting method due in real work because a variety of causes causes Parameters variation to cause off resonance to ultimately result in the key issue of system cisco unity malfunction.
The technological innovation of the present invention is by energy injection process being carried out with resonant process timesharing, power supply thoroughly decouples with resonant network, solve the difficult problem that in current the most inductively wireless power transmission universal method, supply convertor must be consistent with the operating frequency of resonant network, wireless energy transform device can under various complex working conditions self-adapting resonance, it is achieved the wireless energy transfer of high-power high-efficiency.