CN105825018A - Design method for close-distance coal roadway supporting structure and supporting parameters below coal mine goaf - Google Patents
Design method for close-distance coal roadway supporting structure and supporting parameters below coal mine goaf Download PDFInfo
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- CN105825018A CN105825018A CN201610161579.9A CN201610161579A CN105825018A CN 105825018 A CN105825018 A CN 105825018A CN 201610161579 A CN201610161579 A CN 201610161579A CN 105825018 A CN105825018 A CN 105825018A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a design method for a close-distance coal roadway supporting structure and supporting parameters under a coal mine goaf. The design method comprises the following steps: firstly, calculating a floor damage depth and a yield ratio caused in the exploitation process of an upper coal seam; secondly, classifying close-distance coal seam roofs; selecting a supporting mode according to the classification of the coal seam roofs; finally, designing a high-pretightening-force and high-strength anchor rod and anchor cable steel bridge matched structure. According to the design method disclosed by the invention, by adopting a high-pretightening-force and high-strength anchor rod support, loose inbreaks of a roof strata can be effectively prevented, and the upper coal seam which is influenced by the exploitation of the upper coal seam and its integrity is damaged to a certain degree or a stress-relaxed area rock stratum which collapses after the coal seam is exploited is reinforced into a complete composite beam; then by using a suspension function of an anchor cable channel steel beam, the change of a roof structure in the exploitation process of a lower coal seam is smaller, greater mine ground pressure is avoided, and the integrity of a lower coal seam roadway is guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mining technique field.
Background technology
Difference due to condition of coal seam occurrence, the minable coal seam number of plies in different coalfields also can differ greatly from one layer to tens of layers, interfloor distance size, and general interfloor distance is considered as contiguous seams less than 6 meters, the difference of coal seam interlamellar spacing, mutual mining effect degree difference is the biggest.When the interlamellar spacing in coal seam is bigger, the least to the mining effect degree of underlying seam after superjacent exploitation, the recovery method in coal seam, its underpart and strata behaviors rule are general not by the mining effect of superjacent.But the reduction along with coal seam spacing, between coal seam, the degree of influencing each other of exploitation can be gradually increased up and down, particularly when coal seam spacing is close, underlying seam exploitation before its top board oneself by superjacent exploitation damage influence and integrity by a certain degree of destruction, superjacent now or for the rock (stress relaxed area) being caving after seam mining or for the section coal pillar (area of stress concentration) of residual, top board structure and ambient stress generation great change in underlying seam recovery process can be caused, so that underlying seam recovery process occurs in that complex mine pressure and strata behaviors feature compared with conventional single coal bed exploitation situation.Certain difficulty is brought for the roadways layout of closely underlying seam and the selection of drift support type.
In some situation (when being positioned near mine basal water such as minable coal seam), the a large amount of hydrops in goaf may be caused after superjacent exploitation, underlying seam drift support type and selection of mining methods are also brought along serious harmful effect, underlying seam is exploited especially roadway support causes hidden danger if disposing bad meeting.
And existing single coal bed or the roof strata control theory of big spacing seam mining and experience, it is impossible to explain the ore deposit pressure phenomena principles under the conditions of contiguous seams and control mechanism well.At present, China's coal roadway support major part uses anchor pole class supporting construction, such as anchor pole, anchor net, anchor band etc..But geological mining condition is depended in the design such as anchor pole class supporting construction, supporting parameter.Current supporting construction, supporting parameter design are not met by the particularity of the butt entry roof state during ultra close distance coal seam is exploited, it is difficult to ensure that the integrity in tunnel, the most all be subject to destruction in various degree, the normal production of impact.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to, for the closely top board structure of coal road, ambient stress and strata behaviors feature under coal mine gob, propose a kind of new coal roadway support structure and supporting parameter design method.
Closely coal roadway support structure and supporting parameter design method under a kind of coal mine gob, it is characterised in that step is as follows:
The first step, calculates base plate lesion depths h caused in superjacent recovery processσ
According to slip line field theory, base plate yield failure degree of depth h formed because of supporting pressure influence is:
In formula
By:
That is:
Can be tried to achieve to formula (3-5) by formula (3-1), maximal destruction degree of depth h of floor stratamaxFor:
The rib Width of Plastic Zone x calculated according to limit equilibrium theory0For:
The floor strata maximum yield failure degree of depth h during superjacent exploitation determined by formula (3-6), formula (3-7)maxI.e. base plate lesion depths hσ, for:
In above-mentioned formula, M superjacent working thickness, unit m；
The k factor of stress concentration, takes 3.0；
The volume-weighted average of γ Overlying Strata In A Face, kg/m3；
H coal seam buried depth, m；
The cohesiveness of C coal body, MPa；
The internal friction angle angle value of coal body；
F coal seam and the coefficient of friction f=tan φ of roof and floor contact surface；
ξ triaxial stress coefficient
Floor strata internal friction angle angle value；
Second step, calculates yield ratio ψ
When the stress intensity in rock stratum meets or exceeds the yield limit of rock stratum, can produce a large amount of secondary interstice, what yield ratio described is yield region ratio shared by floor strata after superjacent exploitation；Yield ratio ψ below equation represents: i.e. superjacent exploits floor strata lesion depths h causedσTherewith than；
H in formulaσFor floor strata lesion depths, formula (3-8) it is calculated；hjFor depth of stratum between upper and lower coal seam or the interfloor distance in coal seam；
3rd step, to contiguous seams roof classification
Depth of stratum between two coal seams i.e. interlamellar spacing hjDuring≤0.5m, process by dirt band coal seam, upper and lower two coal seams can be considered as same coal seam exploitation；
Interfloor distance h when coal seamjValue of calculation h less than formula (3-8)σTime, it is considered as breaking roof；
When ψ >=1 of bottom roof, illustrating that superjacent exploitation rear lower roof is own through complete damage, this type of top board is referred to as breaking roof；
When bottom roofAnd top plate thickness meets hjDuring >=1.5m, superjacent exploitation rear lower roof damage not yet completely being described, has stability region inside top board, this type of top board referred to as block splits top board；
4th step, selects support pattern
1, the support pattern of breaking roof
Owing to such top board integrity is seriously damaged, Bracing Process there is no stable layer position or stable region, it is impossible to cable bolting, so back can only use traditional frame canopy mode to carry out supporting；
2, block splits the support pattern of top board
This type of back uses high pretightening force high strength anchor bar to coordinate anchor cable steel beam structure support pattern；
5th step, design high pretightening force high strength anchor bar coordinates anchor cable steel beam structure
High pretightening force high strength anchor bar coordinates the design of anchor cable steel beam structure as follows:
The top board of coal road and two is helped to use high-strength high pretightening force suspension roof support, by high-strength high pretightening force anchor pole, roadway roof coal and roof strata is reinforced into a complete combination beam；The top board of coal road each supporting section there also is provided horizontal joist and the anchor cable of more than two, by anchor cable, joist is strained, thus will be suspended in midair by the combination beam of high-strength high pretightening force bolt anchorage；Above-mentioned high-strength high pretightening force rockbolt installation, when top board, uses the mining high-strength screw-thread steel of diameter 20mm, and rock-bolt length is at least above base plate lesion depths hσAdding the length of two pieces of resin anchoring agents, and be not less than 2400mm, it is desirable to its yield strength ＞ 500MPa, tensile strength ＞ 650MPa, anchor pole applies more than pretightning force 60KN；Above-mentioned high-strength high pretightening force rockbolt installation is when two help, using the mining high-strength screw-thread steel of diameter 180mm, rock-bolt length is more than 2000mm, it is desirable to its yield strength ＞ 500MPa, tensile strength ＞ 650MPa, anchor pole applies more than pretightning force 40KN；Require that anchor spacing and array pitch are 800-1000mm；Above-mentioned anchor cable uses mining cage modle anchor cable, anchor cable diameter 17-18mm, and anchor cable fitting depth should be near the bottom in superjacent goaf, and at least 4500mm, maximum Fracture Force ＞ 353KN；Above-mentioned joist uses 11# channel-section steel, length 2200mm；Require that joist arranges one every two row's anchor poles.
According to traditional rockbolt installation method, using two pieces of water proof type resin anchoring agents at the bottom of hole, anchor pole aperture uses the high-strength arch shaped trays of 300 × 300 × 12mm；Install and at the bottom of anchor cable hole when, use four pieces of water proof type resin anchoring agents, the anchor cable pallet on joist to use the flat pallet of 100 × 100 × 10mm.
The good effect of this high-strength pretightning force anchor pole+anchor cable steel channel beam supporting construction is, existence due to goaf, top, using long anchor cable sus-pension is impossible under this special geologic condition, therefore, use high pretightening force anchor pole can be effectively improved the residual strength of country rock, give full play to the bearing capacity of country rock self.Anchoring body in the range of anchor pole anchors with it constitutes a kind of anchoring support body, under the constraint and shearing resistance effect of anchor pole, the coal and rock being prone to loosening after making plastic failure is formed to be had certain bearing capacity and is suitable for the anchor pole balanced arch of surrouding rock deformation, thus improve the globality of top board, prevent the loose inbreak of top board.From tunnel longitudinally, the anchoring balanced arch that suspension roof support is formed be above driving face empty top zone top board from steady basis.Therefore, high pretightening force high strength anchor bar supporting is used can effectively to stop the loose inbreak of roof strata, oneself can be become a complete combination beam by superjacent mining effect, integrity by the superjacent of certain destructiveness or the stress relaxed area rock improvement for being caving after seam mining, again by the suspension function of anchor cable steel channel beam, make top board structure change in underlying seam recovery process less, avoid the occurrence of bigger mine pressure, it is ensured that the integrity in underlying seam tunnel.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the supporting construction sectional drawing of embodiment；
Fig. 2 is the roof support structure plane graph of embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the base plate yield failure degree of depth schematic diagram formed because of supporting pressure influence.
Marginal data, 1-two helps anchor pole, 2-side portion's steel band, 3-joist, 4-roll bolt, 5-anchor cable, 6-top steel band, the high-strength arch shaped trays of 7-, I-actively limit region, II-excessively limit region, III-passive limit region.
Detailed description of the invention
Closely coal roadway support structure and supporting parameter design method under a kind of coal mine gob, its step is as described in summary of the invention, wherein Fig. 3 also show the base plate yield failure depth calculation principle formed because of supporting pressure influence, calculates base plate lesion depths h for the first stepσTime reference.
Below as a example by 11# coal seam 101, a cypress colliery roadway workface, further illustrate embodiment.
Group's cypress colliery 11-101 work surface is positioned at lower group of coal (Taiyuan Forma-tion) first exploiting field right flank, around it is entity coal, top is 10# coal seam goaf, its Shang Ju10# coal seam goaf, 11# coal seam average 5.4m of spacing, 11-101 work surface coal seam buried depth=340m；, coal seam thick 3.1～3.3m, average 3.2m, seam inclination 2～6 °, average 4 °；The internal friction angle of coal bodyFloor strata internal friction angleDegree；Cohesiveness=the 3.01MPa of coal body；11# roof (that is 10# seat earth) is the siltstone of average 5.4m, volume-weighted average γ=2500kg/m3；Top is 10# coal seam goaf again.
10# coal seam seam mining thickness=M2.7m, has exploited complete, and it directly pushes up the siltstone for 2.2m and 9 coal seams of 1.10m, wherein siltstone is aleuritic texture structure, and middle lamelliform constructs, and mineral are based on quartz, mud stone composition seen from aspect, has crack, and crack is half filling；It pushes up the K2 limestone for 9.65m, Dark grey always, and block, hard, filling calcite veins in crack, middle part is 0.4m mud stone, and 11# seat earth is aluminum matter mud stone and the marl of 1.5m of 1.50m.
Because above-mentioned 11# coal seam 101 work surface is away from 10# coal seam goaf spacing hjAverage 5.4m, belongs to the exploitation of closely coal under goaf, should carry out the design of supporting construction according to " under the coal mine gob closely coal roadway support structure and supporting parameter design method " of the present invention.
According to the first step described in summary of the invention, it is calculated base plate lesion depths h in superjacent recovery processσ=0.7m.According to summary of the invention second step, calculate yield ratio ψ=0.156.According to the 3rd step, determine that 11# Coal roadway top board is that block splits top board.According to the 4th step, determine employing anchor cable class supporting, especially select high pretightening force high strength anchor bar to coordinate anchor cable girder steel supporting construction.
The supporting construction parameter designing of high pretightening force high strength anchor bar and anchor cable girder steel is carried out according to the 5th step.As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, high pretightening force high strength anchor bar coordinates anchor cable girder steel supporting construction and supporting parameter design as follows:
The top board of coal road uses the supporting of high-strength high pretightening force anchor pole 4, and two help to use the supporting of high-strength high pretightening force anchor pole 1, by high-strength high pretightening force anchor pole 4, roadway roof coal and roof strata is reinforced into a complete combination beam；The top board of coal road each supporting section there also is provided horizontal joist 3 and three anchor cables 5, by anchor cable 5, joist 3 is strained, thus will be suspended in midair by the combination beam of high-strength high pretightening force bolt anchorage；Above-mentioned high-strength high pretightening force anchor pole 4, use the mining high-strength screw-thread steel of diameter 20mm, rock-bolt length adds length 600mm of two pieces of resin anchoring agents at least above base plate lesion depths 700mm, so selecting 2400mm, require its yield strength ＞ 500MPa, tensile strength ＞ 650MPa, anchor pole applies more than pretightning force 60KN；Above-mentioned high-strength high pretightening force anchor pole 1, uses the mining high-strength screw-thread steel of diameter 180mm, and rock-bolt length is more than 2000mm, it is desirable to its yield strength ＞ 500MPa, tensile strength ＞ 650MPa, and anchor pole applies more than pretightning force 40KN；Require that anchor spacing and array pitch are 800-1000mm；Above-mentioned anchor cable 5 uses mining cage modle anchor cable, anchor cable diameter 18mm, and anchor cable 5 fitting depth should be near the bottom in superjacent goaf, for 4500mm, maximum Fracture Force ＞ 353KN；Above-mentioned joist 3 uses 11# channel-section steel, length 2200mm；Require that joist 3 arranges one every two row's anchor poles 4.
According to traditional rockbolt installation method, using two pieces of water proof type resin anchoring agents at the bottom of hole, anchor pole aperture uses the high-strength arch shaped trays of 300 × 300 × 12mm；Install and at the bottom of anchor cable hole when, use four pieces of water proof type resin anchoring agents, the anchor cable pallet on joist to use the flat pallet of 100 × 100 × 10mm.
Also showing in figure that the anchor pole class supporting of embodiment uses anchor band supporting, two help to be provided with side portion's steel band 2.
Claims (1)
1. closely coal roadway support structure and supporting parameter design method under a coal mine gob, it is characterised in that step is as follows:
The first step, calculates base plate lesion depths h caused in superjacent recovery processσ
According to slip line field theory, base plate yield failure degree of depth h formed because of supporting pressure influence is:
In formula
By:
That is:
Can be tried to achieve to formula (3-5) by formula (3-1), maximal destruction degree of depth h of floor stratamaxFor:
The rib Width of Plastic Zone x calculated according to limit equilibrium theory0For:
The floor strata maximum yield failure degree of depth h during superjacent exploitation determined by formula (3-6), formula (3-7)maxI.e. base plate lesion depths hσ, for:
In above-mentioned formula, M superjacent working thickness, unit m；
The k factor of stress concentration, takes 3.0；
The volume-weighted average of γ Overlying Strata In A Face, kg/m3；
H coal seam buried depth, m；
The cohesiveness of C coal body, MPa；
The internal friction angle angle value of coal body；
F coal seam and the coefficient of friction of roof and floor contact surface
ξ triaxial stress coefficient
Floor strata internal friction angle angle value；
Second step, calculates yield ratio ψ
When the stress intensity in rock stratum meets or exceeds the yield limit of rock stratum, can produce a large amount of secondary interstice, what yield ratio described is yield region ratio shared by floor strata after superjacent exploitation；Yield ratio ψ below equation represents: i.e. superjacent exploits floor strata lesion depths h causedσTherewith than；
H in formulaσFor floor strata lesion depths, formula (3-8) it is calculated；hjFor depth of stratum between upper and lower coal seam or the interfloor distance in coal seam；
3rd step, to contiguous seams roof classification
Depth of stratum between two coal seams i.e. interlamellar spacing hjDuring≤0.5m, process by dirt band coal seam, upper and lower two coal seams can be considered as same coal seam exploitation；
Interfloor distance h when coal seamjValue of calculation h less than formula (3-8)σTime, it is considered as breaking roof；
When ψ >=1 of bottom roof, illustrating that superjacent exploitation rear lower roof is own through complete damage, this type of top board is referred to as breaking roof；
When bottom roofAnd top plate thickness meets hjDuring >=1.5m, superjacent exploitation rear lower roof damage not yet completely being described, has stability region inside top board, this type of top board referred to as block splits top board；
4th step, selects support pattern
1, the support pattern of breaking roof
Owing to such top board integrity is seriously damaged, Bracing Process there is no stable layer position or stable region, it is impossible to cable bolting, so back can only use traditional frame canopy mode to carry out supporting；
2, block splits the support pattern of top board
This type of back uses high pretightening force high strength anchor bar to coordinate anchor cable steel beam structure support pattern；
5th step, design high pretightening force high strength anchor bar coordinates anchor cable steel beam structure
High pretightening force high strength anchor bar coordinates the design of anchor cable steel beam structure as follows:
The top board of coal road and two is helped to use high-strength high pretightening force suspension roof support, by high-strength high pretightening force anchor pole, roadway roof coal and roof strata is reinforced into a complete combination beam；The top board of coal road each supporting section there also is provided horizontal joist and the anchor cable of more than two, by anchor cable, joist is strained, thus will be suspended in midair by the combination beam of high-strength high pretightening force bolt anchorage；
Above-mentioned high-strength high pretightening force rockbolt installation, when top board, uses the mining high-strength screw-thread steel of diameter 20mm, and rock-bolt length is at least above base plate lesion depths hσAdding the length of two pieces of resin anchoring agents, and be not less than 2400mm, it is desirable to its yield strength ＞ 500MPa, tensile strength ＞ 650MPa, anchor pole applies more than pretightning force 60KN；
Above-mentioned high-strength high pretightening force rockbolt installation is when two help, using the mining high-strength screw-thread steel of diameter 180mm, rock-bolt length is more than 2000mm, it is desirable to its yield strength ＞ 500MPa, tensile strength ＞ 650MPa, anchor pole applies more than pretightning force 40KN；Require that anchor spacing and array pitch are 800-1000mm；
Above-mentioned anchor cable uses mining cage modle anchor cable, anchor cable diameter 17-18mm, and anchor cable fitting depth should be near the bottom in superjacent goaf, and at least 4500mm, maximum Fracture Force ＞ 353KN；
Above-mentioned joist uses 11# channel-section steel, length 2200mm；Require that joist arranges one every two row's anchor poles.
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| CN107587891A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2018-01-16 | 宁夏建设职业技术学院 | A kind of coal mine roadway Design of bolt support method |
| CN107869350A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-04-03 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of new drop rushes colliery bolting with wire mesh method |
| CN108549780B (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2022-01-25 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | Load estimation method for shallow-buried deep-space reserved roadway filling body |
| CN108549780A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-09-18 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | Shallow embedding deep space stays the load evaluation method of tunnel filling body |
| CN110029994A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-19 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of contiguous seams are to adopting to pick mining induced stress control method |
| CN110029994B (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2020-02-21 | 中国矿业大学 | Opposite-mining opposite-excavation mining stress control method for close-distance coal seam |
| CN110593922A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-20 | 新疆大学 | Construction method for reinforcing roadway roof by embedded FRP (fiber reinforced Plastic) reinforcements |
| CN110593922B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-06-08 | 新疆大学 | Construction method for reinforcing roadway roof by embedded FRP (fiber reinforced Plastic) reinforcements |
| CN111708986A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-25 | 四川旷谷信息工程有限公司 | Pipe gallery state parameter measuring method |
| CN112922636A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-06-08 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | Surrounding rock support construction method for roadway |
| CN112922636B (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2023-11-17 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | Surrounding rock supporting construction method for roadway |
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