CN105821797B - A kind of running water landscape water requirement estimation method suitable for mountain stream - Google Patents
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- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of running water landscape water requirement estimation methods suitable for mountain stream, it is intended to which rationally assessment power station is the landscape flow let out under safeguarding required for river discharges.This method includes：The principal element of extraction reflection river discharges quality simultaneously chooses corresponding index；According to the index of selection, the relationship between these indexs and river discharges quality is analyzed using analytic hierarchy process (AHP), builds river discharges quality evaluation system；Classification value is carried out to the index of appraisement system, its relationship with changes in flow rate is established, and determine associated weight value, establishes river discharges Environmental Evaluation Model；The landscape quality in the case of control section or control section difference diminishing is calculated using the evaluation for landscape model of foundation, and is calculated compared with the range of decrease degree under same period natural environment；Formulating landscape according to the landscape sensitivity of control section or section needs the control standard of water, and the instream flow of the standard, the landscape water requirement recommended as at this are met according to control criterion calculation minimum.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the running water landscape water requirement estimation methods of mountain stream, are mountain area water channeling type power stations specifically
The assessment computational methods that the landscape flow that Tao River is let out under needing is taken.
Background technology
Mountain area water channeling type power station is generated electricity by massif tunnel diversion outside river to downstream, therefore instream flow is reduced, and is made
Into Tao River, water level falls in river, and water area is reduced, reduced velocity flow, and point bar is exposed；In exploitation earlier engineering, very
It lets out certain flow to not accounting for retaining for former river river is caused to be dehydrated, some sections are almost dry.Therefore, it is natural
River be changed into streams state or dry riverbed state to stream mode, by larger adverse effect, this is just needed river discharges
It wants to let out certain flow under the stem of power station, slows down the influence of river discharges, referred to as landscape flow.
In recent years, the ecological functions in river are gradually realized and pay attention to, and certain flow is let out under water channeling type power station is primary expires
Sufficient ecological functions, commonly referred to as ecological flow.Domestic and international researcher proposes definition and the computational methods of many ecological flows,
But the computational methods of ecological flow are mainly proposed from the angle for maintaining river ecosystem basicly stable, the ecological flow determined therefrom that
Amount not necessarily just meets river discharges demand.Since landscape has subjectivity and many uncertainties, lack all the time
The landscape water requirement estimation method of scientific system, also gets the brush-off in practice.But in current a large amount of mountain area water channeling type exploitation
In the process, river discharges wreck, and urgent need wants a kind of efficient operation method, and rationally assessment calculates power station to safeguard river scape
The landscape flow let out under required for seeing coordinates landscape reservation and hydroelectric development economic benefit, instructs engineering practice.
Invention content
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：Propose a kind of running water landscape water requirement meter suitable for mountain stream
Calculation method, it is the landscape flow let out under safeguarding required for river discharges that rationally assessment, which calculates power station,.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is：A kind of running water landscape suitable for mountain stream needs
Water computational methods, include the following steps：
A, scale, landscape situation and its function of studying river are analyzed, according to section landscape function feature and scape
Sensibility is seen, judges control section or the region of river discharges, the principal element of extraction reflection river discharges quality, and choose phase
Influence or contribution situation of these factors of the index reflection answered to river discharges quality；
B, according to the index of selection, the relationship between these indexs and river discharges quality is analyzed using analytic hierarchy process (AHP),
Build river discharges quality evaluation system；
C, classification value is carried out to the index of appraisement system, establishes its relationship with changes in flow rate, and determine associated weight
Value, so as to establish river discharges Environmental Evaluation Model；
D, the scape in the case of control section or control section difference diminishing is calculated using the evaluation for landscape model of foundation
Appearance quality, and calculate compared with the range of decrease degree under same period natural environment；
E, formulating landscape according to the landscape sensitivity of control section or section needs the control standard of water, landscape sensitivity
Depending on the degree concerned according to section, landscape needs water management standard to meet landscape requirement should be not less than how many range of decrease for this section
Limit value；The instream flow that minimum meets the standard is the landscape water requirement recommended at this.
Further, in step B, the river discharges quality evaluation system is divided into destination layer, system layer, state layer
With four level of variable layer：
Wherein using hydraulic development section landscape quality as destination layer, it is carried out to decompose acquisition system layer：
System layer includes river indoor setting appearance quality and Riparian Zone landscape quality；
System layer decompose again and obtains state layer：
River Study of Platycladus orientalis-Robinia pseudoacacia quality includes：Mobility, continuity and water body form；Riparian Zone landscape quality includes：Bank band shape
Formula and bank band color；
State layer decompose again and obtains variable layer：
Mobility specific targets are mean flow rate；Continuity specific targets include that the water surface is wide and mean depth；Water body form
Specific targets include wetted perimeter rate, water transparency and water colour；Bank band forms specific targets include riverbank river shoal form and river valley is curved
Curvature；Bank band color specific targets are Riparian Zone Landscape Color.
Further, in step C, when carrying out value to the index in assessment indicator system, to mean flow rate, the water surface
Width, mean depth, wetted perimeter rate and water transparency these indexs use quantitative manner with reference to preset grade scale and value table
Value：
In formula：biFor the value of quantitative indices, xiRepresent the real data of quantitative indices, the real data is according to survey
Fixed and elevation computation obtains；ti-1For xiIndex corresponds to the lower limiting value of classification；
To water colour, Riparian Zone Landscape Color, riverbank river shoal form and river valley curvature these indexs with reference to grade scale and
Index is gone to use qualitative fashion value.
Further, it in step D, calculates control section using the evaluation for landscape model of foundation or control section is different
Landscape quality in the case of diminishing, specific calculation are as follows：
In formula：
MiFor landscape quality value under a certain diminishing state of i sections；
For Tao River totality landscape quality value；
rk, rks, rkstRespectively system layer, state layer and variable layer correspond to index weights, K, S, and T corresponds to index for each layer
Number；
MkstFor variable layer index value；
liFor the spacing between (i-1)-th and i sections, Tao River is chosen in total N number of represents section；
L is the length of Tao River.
Further, in step D, the landscape quality is calculated compared with the range of decrease degree under same period natural environment using following formula：
Mi is landscape quality value under a certain diminishing state of i sections,Respectively i sections or the section same period natural feelings
Landscape quality value under condition and when stopping.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：It is the landscape stream let out under safeguarding required for river discharges that rationally assessment, which calculates power station,
Amount coordinates landscape reservation and hydroelectric development economic benefit, instructs engineering practice.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is running water landscape water requirement estimation method flow diagram in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the running water landscape water requirement estimation method in the present invention includes the following steps：
First, scale, landscape situation and its function etc. for studying river are analyzed, according to section landscape function feature and
Landscape Sensitivity, judges control section or the region of river discharges, and the principal element of extraction reflection river discharges quality is chosen and closed
Influence or contribution situation, the index as possible quantification of selection, and energy of these factors of suitable index reflection to river discharges quality
Achievable quantitative relationship is established with flow.
2nd, according to the index of selection, the relationship between these indexs and river discharges quality is analyzed using analytic hierarchy process (AHP),
Build river discharges quality evaluation system.
3rd, according to research section river regime and the General Principle of landscape, the index of appraisement system is rationally classified
Value establishes its relationship with changes in flow rate, and determines the weight value in relation to calculating, so as to establish a more complete river
Model for Landscape Evaluation.
4th, using the evaluation for landscape model of foundation, in the case of calculating control section or control section difference diminishing
Landscape quality is compared with the range of decrease degree under same period natural environment.Range of decrease degree can be according to same period native state and two kinds of feelings of diminishing state
Landscape quality value under condition, which compares, to be obtained.
5th, with reference to evaluation for landscape method and standard, scape is formulated according to the landscape sensitivity of control section or section
Seeing needs the control standard of water, and for landscape sensitivity depending on the concerned degree in section, it is this river that landscape, which needs water management standard,
Section meets the limit value that landscape requirement should be not less than how many range of decrease.The instream flow that minimum meets the standard is to recommend at this
Landscape water requirement.
In specific implementation, it is divided into following link：
(1) evaluation index：
Appraisement system is divided into four levels, the first level for hydraulic development section evaluation for landscape final goal-
Then section landscape situation is decomposed into the sub- index that can embody this index, is decomposed again by this principle, until the bottom
Single item evaluation index.It is specific at one of Tao River that hydraulic development section landscape is audience, in the range of visual experience
Natural cause combine the river discharges that directly show by various forms of, it includes the senses such as people's vision, the sense of hearing, smell
The various elements known.It is attributed to river Study of Platycladus orientalis-Robinia pseudoacacia feature and bank band Landscape Characteristics, form, color and its association including various components
Tonality.Since Tao River landscape situation is based on being flowed naturally by river, on the basis of river continuity and mobility, water
Each element such as body and bank band is able to be laid out, contacts and form river discharges, so from the side such as river key property and form component
Face selective goal, divides in river and bank band two systems build hydraulic development section evaluation for landscape index system, refers to table
1。
Table 1：Hydraulic development section evaluation for landscape index system table
(2) specific targets value explanation：
All indexs of upper table are to be classified value according to the landscape quality quality that index is reflected, are classified obtaining value method packet
Include qualitatively and quantitatively two kinds, quantitative includes wide flow velocity, the water surface, the depth of water, wetted perimeter rate, water transparency, qualitatively including water colour,
Riparian Zone Landscape Color, riverbank river shoal form, river valley curvature.Index grading standard and rank value refer to table 2.
Table 2：Each Index grading standard of River Landscape quality and value table
1) quantitative indices：
Flow velocity, the water surface in table 2 are wide, the depth of water, wetted perimeter rate, the real data of water transparency are according to measuring and hydraulics meter
It calculates and obtains.The data obtained are calculated according to grade scale, quantitative calculating are carried out by formula 1-1, so as to preferably quantify the index.
In formula：biIt is quantitative indices according to the value of 2 stage division of table, xiRepresent quantitative indices data, ti-1For xi
Index corresponds to the lower limiting value of the classification of table 2.
2) qualitative description index：
For qualitative description landscape feature index, mainly it is divided from the angle of form aesthetic, form aesthetic
Including landscape feature form, color and its harmony in itself.Mainly investigated in terms of river valley, Riparian Zone, river shoal three.
Value is shown in Table 2.For convenience of operation, values at different levels are corresponded to as a fixed number, respectively 9,7,5,3,1, i.e., median at different levels.
(3) landscape quality calculates：
According to the characteristics of institute's analysis indexes and the accessibility of data, using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) (AHP) to each finger in table 1
Target weight is determined.Using integrated evaluating method, calculated according to weight and variable layer value with formula 1-2, obtain list
A section is calculated with formula 1-3, obtains the landscape quality value of entire Tao River.
In formula：
MiLandscape quality value under a certain diminishing state of-i sections；
- Tao River totality landscape quality value；
rk, rks, rkstRespectively system layer, state layer and variable layer correspond to index weights, K, S, and T corresponds to index for each layer
Number；
Mkst- variable layer index value；
liSpacing between-the (i-1)-th and i sections, Tao River is chosen in total N number of represents section；
Section distance between the length of L-Tao River, i.e. lock site and factory site.
The landscape quality value that single control section under different flow operating mode is let out under dam site is calculated according to formula 1-2, by multiple controls
The landscape quality value of section processed can calculate the landscape quality value of entire Tao River according to 1-3.
(4) the landscape quality range of decrease calculates：
According to the investigation of river Landscape metrics under same period native state, the scape under same period natural environment is calculated with (3) step
Appearance quality value represents section or section compared with the landscape quality range of decrease (%) under same period natural conditions with the formula 1-4 calculating same periods.
Because Cut off is not allowed to, therefore, regard river discharge as 0 when landscape quality be minimum, landscape matter
The luffing of magnitude is based on this.
Mi is landscape quality value under a certain diminishing state of i sections,Respectively i sections or the section same period natural feelings
Landscape quality value under condition and when stopping.The landscape quality value of entire section is weighted by multiple landscape quality values for representing section
It obtains.
(5) sensibility judges to control with landscape quality range of decrease standard：
Sensibility is for weighing a concept of the public to a certain scenic spot degree of attentiveness.People's attention is more concentrated
Scenic spot, sensitivity level are higher.The high section of sensitivity, people are higher to the expectation of its landscape quality, to it by shadow
Loud acceptable degree is lower, conversely, the section that sensitivity is lower, people are lower to the expectation of its landscape quality, is subjected to
The landscape quality range of decrease it is bigger.For mountain area hydraulic development section, generally without open the navigation or air flight, row the boat, the functional plannings such as amusement on water and
Being in direct contact seldom for demand, people and water body, is mainly experienced by vision.According to landscape function Regional survey, landscape is quick
Sensitivity criterion is shown in Table 3.
Table 3：The susceptibility table of mountain area hydraulic development section river discharges
Sensitivity is divided into higher, general, relatively low three kinds of situations, i.e. A, B, C three classes by table 3.For all kinds of Landscape Rivers
The minimum landscape requirement of section is different, is weighed with representing section or section compared with the landscape quality range of decrease under same period natural conditions,
Mountain area Tao River landscape quality control standard is obtained, is shown in Table 4.I.e. A classes landscape requires to represent section or section is natural compared with the same period
The landscape quality range of decrease is not higher than 20% under situation；B classes landscape requires to represent section or section compared with landscape matter under same period natural conditions
It measures the range of decrease and is not higher than 35%；The requirement of C classes landscape represents section or section and is not higher than compared with the landscape quality range of decrease under same period natural conditions
45%.
Table 4：Mountain area Tao River landscape quality control standard
(6) control section or section landscape water requirement estimation
Selected Tao River landscape control section, can be single or multiple.Different flow rate working conditions are let out under setting dam site, according to
(3) the landscape quality value and landscape quality of control section or entire Tao River under different flow operating mode are calculated and is dropped with (4) step
Width.Can flow-landscape quality range of decrease relation curve be drawn according to the corresponding data of different flow and the landscape quality range of decrease.
According to the curve, judge that landscape quality controls standard control with the table 4 in step (5), it is minimum that judgement meets landscape
It is required that the flow value corresponding to standard is the landscape water requirement recommended, i.e., the minimum landscape flow that dam site is let out under needing.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. running water landscape water requirement estimation method suitable for mountain stream, which is characterized in that include the following steps：A, scale, landscape situation and its function of studying river are analyzed, it is quick according to section landscape function feature and landscape Perception judges control section or the region of river discharges, the principal element of extraction reflection river discharges quality, and chooses corresponding Influence or contribution situation of these factors of index reflection to river discharges quality；B, according to the index of selection, the relationship between these indexs and river discharges quality is analyzed using analytic hierarchy process (AHP), is built River discharges quality evaluation system；C, classification value is carried out to the index of assessment indicator system, establishes its relationship with changes in flow rate, and determine associated weight Value, so as to establish river discharges Environmental Evaluation Model；D, the landscape matter in the case of control section or control section difference diminishing is calculated using the evaluation for landscape model of foundation Amount, and calculate compared with the range of decrease degree under same period natural environment；E, formulating landscape according to the landscape sensitivity of control section or section needs the control standard of water, landscape sensitivity according to Depending on the concerned degree in section, landscape needs water management standard to meet landscape requirement for this section should be not less than the limit of how many range of decrease Value；The instream flow that minimum meets the standard is the landscape water requirement recommended at this；In step B, the river discharges quality evaluation system is divided into destination layer, system layer, state layer and four, variable layer Level：Wherein using hydraulic development section landscape quality as destination layer, it is carried out to decompose acquisition system layer：System layer includes river indoor setting appearance quality and Riparian Zone landscape quality；System layer decompose again and obtains state layer：River Study of Platycladus orientalis-Robinia pseudoacacia quality includes：Mobility, continuity and water body form；Riparian Zone landscape quality includes：Bank band forms and Bank band color；State layer decompose again and obtains variable layer：Mobility specific targets are mean flow rate；Continuity specific targets include that the water surface is wide and mean depth；Water body form is specific Index includes wetted perimeter rate, water transparency and water colour；Bank band forms specific targets include riverbank river shoal form and river valley curvature； Bank band color specific targets are Riparian Zone Landscape Color.
- 2. a kind of running water landscape water requirement estimation method suitable for mountain stream as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that In step C, when carrying out value to the index in assessment indicator system, to mean flow rate, the water surface is wide, mean depth, wetted perimeter rate With these indexs of water transparency, quantitative manner value is used with reference to preset grade scale and value table：In formula：biFor the value of quantitative indices, xiRepresent quantitative indices data；ti-1For xiIndex corresponds to the lower limit of classification Value；To water colour, Riparian Zone Landscape Color, riverbank river shoal form and these indexs of river valley curvature with reference to grade scale and value Table uses qualitative fashion value.
- 3. a kind of running water landscape water requirement estimation method suitable for mountain stream as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that In step D, the landscape in the case of control section or control section difference diminishing is calculated using the evaluation for landscape model of foundation Quality, specific calculation are as follows：In formula：MiFor landscape quality value under a certain diminishing state of i sections；For Tao River totality landscape quality value；rk, rks, rkstRespectively system layer, state layer and variable layer correspond to index weights, K, S, and T is that each layer corresponds to index Number；MkstFor variable layer index value；liFor the spacing between (i-1)-th and i sections, Tao River is chosen in total N number of represents section；L is the length of Tao River.
- 4. a kind of running water landscape water requirement estimation method suitable for mountain stream as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that In step D, landscape quality is calculated compared with the range of decrease degree under same period natural environment using following formula：MiFor landscape quality value under a certain diminishing state of i sections,Respectively under i sections or section same period natural environment With landscape quality value during cutout.
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| JP4146053B2 (en) * | 1999-12-13 | 2008-09-03 | 富士電機システムズ株式会社 | Flow prediction method in dam or river |
| US7353113B2 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2008-04-01 | Sprague Michael C | System, method and computer program product for aquatic environment assessment |
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| CN101650762A (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2010-02-17 | 北京师范大学 | Lake ecological water need analysis technology based on function setting method |
| CN101650761A (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2010-02-17 | 北京师范大学 | Analyzing technique for urban ecological demand water |
| CN101833609A (en) * | 2010-03-18 | 2010-09-15 | 北京师范大学 | River ecological flow maintenance-orientated reservoir optimizing and dispatching method |
| CN104732073A (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2015-06-24 | 河海大学 | Computing method for surface water and underground water coupling simulation |
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