CN105821496A - Airflow and air bubble spinning device for preparing magnetic ordered nano composite material and method thereof - Google Patents
Airflow and air bubble spinning device for preparing magnetic ordered nano composite material and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105821496A CN105821496A CN201610255301.8A CN201610255301A CN105821496A CN 105821496 A CN105821496 A CN 105821496A CN 201610255301 A CN201610255301 A CN 201610255301A CN 105821496 A CN105821496 A CN 105821496A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
- D01D1/02—Preparation of spinning solutions
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
- D01D5/14—Stretch-spinning methods with flowing liquid or gaseous stretching media, e.g. solution-blowing
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Abstract
The invention discloses an airflow and air bubble spinning device for preparing a magnetic ordered nano composite material and a method for spinning by utilizing the device. The airflow and air bubble spinning device comprises a liquid storage groove, an air bubble spraying pipe, a glass pipe, an air bubble generator, an air spraying pipe, an airflow generator, a receiving device arranged above the air bubble spraying pipe, a bracket platform which is fixedly connected with the receiving device, a magnetic control device mounted on the bracket platform and a liquid feeding device, wherein one end of the glass pipe is communicated with the air bubble generator and the other end of the glass pipe is communicated with the interior of the air bubble spraying pipe; the air spraying pipe is arranged on the side face of the air bubble spraying pipe and is connected with the airflow generator. In a spinning process, air bubbles are formed on the surface of a polymer solution containing magnetic nano-particles; after rising and breaking, the air bubbles are further subjected to stretching and thinning with airflow as power to form a lot of disordered magnetic nano fibers; and the disordered magnetic nano fibers do regular movement in a magnetic field control region generated by the magnetic control device to form a lot of ordered magnetic nano fibers and the ordered magnetic nano fibers are collected on the receiving device.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to air-flow air bubble spinning technical field, particularly relate to air-flow air bubble spinning device and the air-flow air bubble spinning method of a kind of a large amount of preparation magnetic order nano composite material.
Background technology
Magnetic nanometer composite material is owing to having the double dominant of magnetic material and nano material, such as: the advantages such as high-specific surface area, critical dimension effect, quantum optical field, the fields such as magnetic fluid, catalyst, biomedicine, new forms of energy, electron-optical can be therefore widely applied to as the permanent magnet material of excellent performance, electromagnetic wave absorbent material, magnetic recording material, Biomedical function material etc..At present, the method preparing magnetic nanometer composite material mainly has liquid-phase reduction, template, electrostatic spinning etc..Although these methods achieve the preparation of magnetic nanometer composite material to a certain extent, and a small amount of orderly magnetic nanometer composite material can be obtained, but owing to its preparation condition is harsh, technological process is loaded down with trivial details, production efficiency is low, is therefore difficulty with preparing in a large number the demand of orderly magnetic nanometer composite material.
Air-flow air bubble spinning technology is as a kind of novel method preparing nano-fiber material, its principle is to produce bubble on polymer solution surface, formed without several tiny fluid columns after bubbles burst, every fluid column is equivalent to a taylor cone, simultaneously using air-flow as power, fluid column is stretched to refine under the effect of high velocity air and produces substantial amounts of nanofiber, greatly improves the yield of nanofiber.But the nanofiber that air-flow air bubble spinning technology obtains becomes disordered state, thus limit the magnetic nanometer composite material profound application in terms of opto-electronic device, bio-medical material.Therefore, preparing orderly magnetic nanometer composite material becomes a technical barrier in a large number.
Therefore, for above-mentioned technical problem, it is necessary to provide a kind of air-flow air bubble spinning device that can prepare magnetic order nano composite material in a large number and air-flow air bubble spinning method, to solve the problems of the prior art.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of air-flow air bubble spinning device preparing magnetic order nano composite material and air-flow air bubble spinning method, magnetic control technology is used on the basis of air-flow air bubble spinning technology, can effectively overcome the inferior positions such as the yielding poorly of traditional method, the degree of orientation is low, technological process is complicated, poor controllability, a large amount of productions of magnetic order nano composite material can be realized to a certain extent.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme that the embodiment of the present invention provides is as follows:
A kind of air-flow air bubble spinning device preparing magnetic order nano composite material, including reservoir, bubble jet pipe, glass tubing, bubble generator, air jet pipe, flow generator, receive device, trestle table, magnetic control means and the liquid feed device connected with reservoir, one end connection bubble generator of described glass tubing, the other end is internal through reservoir and extends to connect internal with bubble jet pipe, described air jet pipe is arranged at the side of bubble jet pipe and is connected with flow generator, described reception device is located at the top of bubble jet pipe, and it is connected fixing with trestle table, described magnetic control means is installed on trestle table.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described air jet pipe includes the first air jet pipe and the second air jet pipe, described flow generator includes the first flow generator and the second flow generator, described first air jet pipe and the second air jet pipe connect the first flow generator and the second flow generator respectively, and are symmetricly set in the both sides of bubble jet pipe.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described magnetic control means includes two blocks of Magnet being parallel to each other, and described Magnet is symmetricly set in the outside of bubble jet pipe axis.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described Magnet is synonyms pole Magnet.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described reception device includes two cylinders and connects the wire netting of two cylinders.
As a further improvement on the present invention, being provided with distance adjusting means between described Magnet and reception device, described Magnet is 1-5cm with the distance range of accommodation of reception device.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described magnetic control means includes the magnetic strength controller for regulating magnetic field intensity, and described magnetic field intensity range of accommodation is 0-5T.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described trestle table is provided with elevating lever and trestle table base, and described elevating lever is for regulating the height of described reception device and bubble jet pipe, and described height adjustment range is 0.2-1m.
A kind of air-flow air bubble spinning method preparing magnetic order nano composite material, comprises the steps:
Magnetic nano-particle is disperseed in a polymer solution, after ultrasonic Treatment, it is thus achieved that homodisperse magnetic polymer solution；
Described magnetic polymer solution is injected in liquid feed device, open liquid feed device, magnetic polymer solution is carried in reservoir, open bubble generator simultaneously, make bubble jet pipe produces bubble, the bubble produced rises to the top of bubble jet pipe and ruptures, and the speed that the feed flow speed of described liquid feed device produces bubble to bubble generator is directly proportional；
Open flow generator, regulation air velocity, open magnetic control means simultaneously, regulation magnetic field intensity, and regulate magnetic control means and the distance receiving device and the height receiving device and bubble jet pipe, air-flow is spouting from air jet pipe, the bubble stretching refinement ruptured is formed the nanofiber of random orientation, the nanofiber of described random orientation is through the control area, magnetic field that magnetic control means produces, and magnetic field force induced effect is stretched and is formed with ordered magnetism nanofiber, and is collected on the reception device.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described magnetic nano-particle is Fe3O4、γ-Fe2O3, Ni or CoFe2O4, described polymer solution is PVA, PVP, PVDF or PS solution.
The method have the advantages that
Bubble is formed on the polymer solution surface of carrying magnetic nanoparticle, and with air-flow as power, produce without several fine fluid columns after bubbles burst, under the effect of high velocity air, be further stretched refinement form substantial amounts of magnetic Nano fiber, greatly improve the yield of magnetic Nano fibrous material；
Two blocks of symmetrical Magnet are installed outside bubble jet pipe as magnetic control means, by to magnetic field intensity, two magnet pitch, magnetic control means and reception device space, the suitable control receiving the spinning conditions such as device and bubble jet tube pitch, thus control the movement locus of magnetic fluid well, so as the magnetic jet regular motion under the constraint in magnetic field produced after bubbles burst so that the orientation of the magnetic Nano fibrous material collected on the reception device can be significantly greatly increased；
Whole spinning process completes under without electrostatic interaction, is not required to extra auxiliary template, and spinning technique is simple and easy to control, it is achieved safety in production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art will be briefly described below, apparently, accompanying drawing in describing below is only some embodiments described in the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, it is also possible to obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of air-flow air bubble spinning device in the embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation receiving device in the embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that in the embodiment of the invention, magnetic control means is installed on trestle table.
The reference related in accompanying drawing and ingredient explanation: 1. reservoir；2. bubble jet pipe；3. glass tubing；4. bubble generator；5. air jet pipe；6. flow generator；7. receive device；8. trestle table；9. magnetic control means；10. liquid feed device；11. Magnet；12. support boards；13 cylinders；14. wire nettings；15 elevating levers；16. trestle table bases；17. bubbles.
Detailed description of the invention
For the technical scheme making those skilled in the art be more fully understood that in the present invention, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under not making creative work premise, all should belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Refer to Fig. 1, being the structural representation of air-flow air bubble spinning device preparing magnetic order nano composite material in the present invention, air-flow air bubble spinning device includes reservoir 1, bubble jet pipe 2, glass tubing 3, bubble generator 4, air jet pipe 5, flow generator 6, is located at receiving device 7 and receiving device 7 and is connected trestle table 8, magnetic control means 9 and the liquid feed device 10 that connects with reservoir fixed above bubble jet pipe 2.
Bubble jet pipe 2 opening upwards is installed on reservoir 1, it is provided with transfusion catheter between liquid feed device 10 and reservoir 1, liquid feed device 10 provides magnetic polymer solution by this transfusion catheter in reservoir 1, wherein, bubble jet pipe 2 preferably employs cylinder, is airtight connection between the beneficially shaping of bubble, and reservoir 1 and bubble jet pipe 2, magnetic polymer solution can be avoided to reveal and solvent volatilization causes SOLUTION PROPERTIES to change, affect the preparation of follow-up magnetic order nano composite material.
The side of reservoir 1 arranges bubble generator 4, the material of glass tubing 3 is safety glass, its inner hollow, one end connection bubble generator 4, the other end extends to connect internal with bubble jet pipe 2 through inside the opening upwards of reservoir 1, and bubble generator 4 forms polymer bubble by glass tubing 3 in bubble jet pipe 2.
The side of reservoir 1 is provided with flow generator 6, flow generator 6 can form high pressure draught, flow generator 6 is connected with air jet pipe 5, preferably, air jet pipe 5 includes the first air jet pipe and the second air jet pipe, flow generator 6 includes the first flow generator and the second flow generator, first air jet pipe and the second air jet pipe connect the first flow generator and the second flow generator respectively, and it is symmetricly set in the both sides of bubble jet pipe 2, the high pressure draught produced by flow generator 6 sprays through air jet pipe 5, the bubble ruptured is stretched to refine under the effect of air-flow and forms substantial amounts of nanofiber.
Magnetic control means 9 is arranged on trestle table 8, wherein magnetic control means 9 includes two blocks of cuboid Magnet 11 being parallel to each other, these two blocks of Magnet 11 are symmetricly set on the outside of bubble jet pipe 2 axis, and two blocks of Magnet 11 are synonyms pole Magnet, thus can form uniform magnetic field between two blocks of Magnet 11, magnetic control means 9 also includes the magnetic strength controller for regulating magnetic field intensity, magnetic field intensity range of accommodation is preferably 0-5T, in this range, can preferably control the movement locus of magnetic fluid, the substantial amounts of disordered magnetism nano-fiber material degree of orientation under the influence of a magnetic field is significantly increased, ultimately form substantial amounts of orderly magnetic nanometer composite material, thus be collected on reception device 7.
Referring to Fig. 2, be the present invention structural representation that receives device, receive device 7 and be made up of cylinder 13 and wire netting 14, during air bubble spinning, cylinder 13 drives wire netting 14 slowly to rotate, and makes the uniformity of the magnetic order nanometer composite fiber material of reception be improved.
Refer to Fig. 3, it it is the structural representation that is installed on trestle table of magnetic control means of the present invention, it is provided with distance adjusting means between Magnet 11 and reception device 7, distance adjusting means such as can be mounted in the slide rail on support board 12, Magnet 11 is arranged on the slide rail on support board 12, can the position of regulating magnet 11 as required, thus facilitate regulating magnet 11 to the distance received between device 7, Magnet 11 and the distance range of accommodation received between device 7 are preferably 1-5cm, in this range, the movement locus of magnetic fluid can preferably be controlled.
Trestle table 8 includes elevating lever 15 and trestle table base 16, elevating lever 15 is extension type, can be used for regulation and receive the vertical height of device 7 and bubble jet pipe 2, vertically height adjustment range is preferably 0.2-1m, needs according to spinning are adjusted, in this range, the movement locus of magnetic fluid can preferably be controlled.
Use above-mentioned air-flow air bubble spinning device to prepare magnetic order nano composite material, comprise the steps:
By magnetic nano-particle, such as Fe3O4、γ-Fe2O3, Ni or CoFe2O4Deng magnetic nano-particle, it is dispersed in the polymer solution that the polymer such as such as PVA, PVP, PVDF or PS are formed, then this mixed solution is carried out ultrasonic Treatment, it is thus achieved that composition and property homodisperse magnetic polymer solution；
The magnetic polymer solution of acquisition is injected in liquid feed device 10, open liquid feed device 10, start in reservoir 1, carry this magnetic polymer solution, reservoir 1 is filled this magnetic polymer solution, opening bubble generator 4, regulation is to suitable foaming speed simultaneously.Bubble 17 produces in glass tubing 3 connects the magnetic polymer solution of bubble jet pipe 2 that end internal, the speed that the feed flow speed of liquid feed device 10 produces bubble 17 to bubble generator 4 is directly proportional, the generation making bubble 17 is uniformly stablized, and the bubble 17 of generation gradually rises to the top of bubble jet pipe 2 and ruptures；
Simultaneously, open flow generator 6, regulate according to demand to suitable air pressure size and air velocity, open magnetic control means 9 simultaneously, regulation magnetic field intensity, and regulate magnetic control means 9 and the distance received between device 7 and receive the height between device 7 and bubble jet pipe 2.With air-flow as power, the air-flow that flow generator 6 produces is spouting by air jet pipe 5, rise to produce without several fine fluid columns after the bubble 17 on bubble jet pipe 2 top ruptures, the refinement that is stretched under the effect of the high velocity air ejected forms the magnetic Nano fiber of the most unordered random orientation, greatly improve the yield of magnetic Nano fibrous material, the regular motion in the control area, magnetic field that magnetic control means 9 produces of the magnetic Nano fiber of the most unordered random orientation forms orderly magnetic Nano fiber, last magnetic Nano fiber is collected on reception device 7, thus obtain substantial amounts of magnetic order nano composite material.
nullThe present invention proposes a kind of air-flow air bubble spinning device preparing magnetic order nano composite material and the method utilizing this device to carry out air-flow air bubble spinning，Air-flow air bubble spinning device includes reservoir 1、Bubble jet pipe 2、Glass tubing 3、Bubble generator 4、Air jet pipe 5、Flow generator 6、It is located at the reception device 7 above bubble jet pipe 2、It is connected fixing trestle table 8 with receiving device 7、The magnetic control means 9 being installed on trestle table 8 and the liquid feed device 10 connected with reservoir，One end connection bubble generator of glass tubing 3，The other end is internal through reservoir 1 and extends to connect internal with bubble jet pipe 2，Air jet pipe 5 is arranged at the side of bubble jet pipe 2 and is connected with flow generator 6，During spinning，Bubble is formed on the polymer solution surface of carrying magnetic nanoparticle，Bubble rising is further stretched refinement with air-flow for power after rupturing and forms substantial amounts of magnetic Nano fiber，Magnetic control means includes the two blocks of symmetrical Magnet installed outside bubble jet pipe，By to magnetic field intensity、Two magnet pitch、Magnetic control means and reception device space、Receive the suitable control of the spinning conditions such as device and bubble jet tube pitch，Thus control the movement locus of magnetic fluid，Obtain substantial amounts of magnetic order nano composite material.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not restricted to the details of above-mentioned one exemplary embodiment, and without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention, it is possible to realize the present invention in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter from the point of view of which point, embodiment all should be regarded as exemplary, and be nonrestrictive, the scope of the present invention is limited by claims rather than described above, it is intended that all changes fallen in the implication of equivalency and scope of claim included in the present invention.Should not be considered as limiting involved claim by any reference in claim.
In addition, it is to be understood that, although this specification is been described by according to embodiment, but the most each embodiment only comprises an independent technical scheme, this narrating mode of description is only for clarity sake, description should can also be formed, through appropriately combined, other embodiments that it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that as an entirety, the technical scheme in each embodiment by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. the air-flow air bubble spinning device preparing magnetic order nano composite material, it is characterized in that, including reservoir, bubble jet pipe, glass tubing, bubble generator, air jet pipe, flow generator, receive device, trestle table, magnetic control means and the liquid feed device connected with reservoir, one end connection bubble generator of described glass tubing, the other end is internal through reservoir and extends to connect internal with bubble jet pipe, described air jet pipe is arranged at the side of bubble jet pipe and is connected with flow generator, described reception device is located at the top of bubble jet pipe, and it is connected fixing with trestle table, described magnetic control means is installed on trestle table.
The air-flow air bubble spinning device of preparation magnetic order nano composite material the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described air jet pipe includes the first air jet pipe and the second air jet pipe, described flow generator includes the first flow generator and the second flow generator, described first air jet pipe and the second air jet pipe connect the first flow generator and the second flow generator respectively, and are symmetricly set in the both sides of bubble jet pipe.
The air-flow air bubble spinning device of preparation magnetic order nano composite material the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described magnetic control means includes two blocks of Magnet being parallel to each other, described Magnet is symmetricly set in the outside of bubble jet pipe axis.
The air-flow air bubble spinning device of preparation magnetic order nano composite material the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described Magnet is synonyms pole Magnet.
The air-flow air bubble spinning device of preparation magnetic order nano composite material the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described reception device includes two cylinders and connects the wire netting of two cylinders.
The air-flow air bubble spinning device of preparation magnetic order nano composite material the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be provided with distance adjusting means between described Magnet and reception device, described Magnet is 1-5cm with the distance range of accommodation of reception device.
The air-flow air bubble spinning device of preparation magnetic order nano composite material the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described magnetic control means includes the magnetic strength controller for regulating magnetic field intensity, described magnetic field intensity range of accommodation is 0-5T.
The air-flow air bubble spinning device of preparation magnetic order nano composite material the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described trestle table is provided with elevating lever and trestle table base, and described elevating lever is for regulating the height of described reception device and bubble jet pipe, and described height adjustment range is 0.2-1m.
9. the air-flow air bubble spinning method preparing magnetic order nano composite material, it is characterised in that select the air-flow air bubble spinning device according to any one of claim 1-8, comprise the steps:
Magnetic nano-particle is disperseed in a polymer solution, after ultrasonic Treatment, it is thus achieved that homodisperse magnetic polymer solution；
Described magnetic polymer solution is injected in liquid feed device, open liquid feed device, magnetic polymer solution is carried in reservoir, open bubble generator simultaneously, make bubble jet pipe produces bubble, the bubble produced rises to the top of bubble jet pipe and ruptures, and the speed that the feed flow speed of described liquid feed device produces bubble to bubble generator is directly proportional；
Open flow generator, regulation air velocity, open magnetic control means simultaneously, regulation magnetic field intensity, and regulate magnetic control means and the distance receiving device and the height receiving device and bubble jet pipe, air-flow is spouting from air jet pipe, the bubble stretching refinement ruptured is formed the nanofiber of random orientation, the nanofiber of described random orientation is through the control area, magnetic field that magnetic control means produces, and magnetic field force induced effect is stretched and is formed with ordered magnetism nanofiber, and is collected on the reception device.
The air-flow air bubble spinning method of preparation magnetic order nano composite material the most according to claim 9, it is characterised in that described magnetic nano-particle is Fe3O4、γ-Fe2O3, Ni or CoFe2O4, described polymer solution is PVA, PVP, PVDF or PS solution.
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| CN201610255301.8A CN105821496A (en) | 2016-04-22 | 2016-04-22 | Airflow and air bubble spinning device for preparing magnetic ordered nano composite material and method thereof |
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| CN106676687A (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2017-05-17 | 苏州大学 | Air supply device for system for preparing nanometer fiber yarns |
| CN107354520A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-11-17 | 如皋市下原科技创业服务有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of magnetic health care fiber |
| CN107604451A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-01-19 | 广州新诚生物科技有限公司 | A kind of magnetic fluid device for spinning |
| CN110055599A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-07-26 | 苏州大学 | A kind of device for spinning and method of orderly control nanofiber molecular order |
| CN110106564A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-08-09 | 东华大学 | Oriented nanofibers yarn combination formula electrostatic spinning apparatus and its application method |
| CN113718349A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-11-30 | 鑫合德(清远)智能科技发展有限公司 | Electrostatic spinning spray head structure based on capillary principle and using method thereof |
| CN113897690A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-01-07 | 东南大学 | Method for preparing ordered PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) nanofibers based on magnetic field assisted electrospinning |
| CN114561748A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-31 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Electrostatic spinning filter material preparation system, method, device and storage medium |
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| CN110106564A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-08-09 | 东华大学 | Oriented nanofibers yarn combination formula electrostatic spinning apparatus and its application method |
| CN110106564B (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2021-08-31 | 东华大学 | Combined electrostatic spinning device for oriented nanofiber yarn and using method thereof |
| CN113718349A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-11-30 | 鑫合德(清远)智能科技发展有限公司 | Electrostatic spinning spray head structure based on capillary principle and using method thereof |
| CN113718349B (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2022-11-04 | 鑫合德(清远)智能科技发展有限公司 | Electrostatic spinning spray head structure based on capillary principle and using method thereof |
| CN113897690A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-01-07 | 东南大学 | Method for preparing ordered PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) nanofibers based on magnetic field assisted electrospinning |
| CN114561748A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-31 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Electrostatic spinning filter material preparation system, method, device and storage medium |
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Application publication date: 20160803 |