CN105817091B - Method and apparatus for monitoring filter life - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for monitoring filter life Download PDFInfo
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- CN105817091B CN105817091B CN201610045823.5A CN201610045823A CN105817091B CN 105817091 B CN105817091 B CN 105817091B CN 201610045823 A CN201610045823 A CN 201610045823A CN 105817091 B CN105817091 B CN 105817091B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/42—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof
- B01D46/44—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof controlling filtration
- B01D46/442—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof controlling filtration by measuring the concentration of particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/42—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0084—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours provided with safety means
- B01D46/0086—Filter condition indicators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H3/00—Other air-treating devices
- B60H3/06—Filtering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H3/00—Other air-treating devices
- B60H3/06—Filtering
- B60H2003/0683—Filtering the quality of the filter or the air being checked
Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for monitoring the service life of a filter in a filter system equipped with a fan, in particular in a heating and air conditioning system of a motor vehicle. The invention is characterized in that the air guided through the filter device is used for the air supply of the interior space, and the air quantity passing through the filter is derived from the time profile of the concentration of the airborne substances in the air of the interior space.
Description
Description
The invention relates to a method and a device for monitoring the service life of a filter in a filter system equipped with a fan, in particular in a heating and air conditioning system of a motor vehicle.
Such devices and methods are known and are adapted for identifying when a filter is clogged by dust particles and thereby impairing its function, so that a new filter has to be replaced.
EP 1285686 a1 shows a method for monitoring the life of a filter. In this case, the soiling of the filter is determined by measuring the air speed downstream of the filter and by comparison with a reference air speed (which is produced by an unloaded filter). In order to carry out the method, at least one sensor for measuring the air speed is required, which must be installed in the vicinity of the filter. Typically, one such sensor is not already present in or around the filtering device.
In WO 2009/024302 a1, it is described how a sensor unit for an air conditioning system arranged in a motor vehicle, which sensor unit has a current sensor and a temperature sensor, can be used to detect the load state of a filter unit of the air conditioning system from a comparison of measured values with stored reference values. In this form too, an additional sensing mechanism must be introduced.
EP 1800919 a2 describes a filter device with a device for detecting clogging of the filter. In this case, the device preferably measures, for detecting an occlusion, at least one value from the group: a measurement of the current loss of the fan motor, the pressure between the filter and the fan, and the air throughput in the vicinity of the filter, to detect clogging of the filter based thereon. These quantities are also referred to as characteristic values, for which additional sensor means are necessary.
Another possibility of identifying the necessity of replacing the filter is described in EP 2141038 a 1. In this case, in an air cleaning device, the measured value of the rotational speed of the electric motor is used to determine whether the filter has to be replaced by comparison with a predetermined rotational speed value. However, the measurement of the rotational speed of the fan motor is usually not feasible without problems, but requires a suitable motor and/or a device specifically provided for measuring the rotational speed of the motor.
DE 102006055603 a1 shows another approach for determining the loading of the filter. The total amount of dust on the filter is calculated here by: calculating a decrease in dust concentration per unit volume in consideration of the total amount of air supplied and an initial indoor dust concentration when the indoor air is supplied; alternatively, when the outside air is supplied, the total amount of dust is calculated by means of the total amount of air at the operating level concerned and by means of the respective blowing direction depending on the respective operating state of the fan motor. In principle, the air quantity conducted through the filter is evaluated, which is characterized by the respective operating state of the fan motor. Furthermore, the regional pollution levels, the air filter type and the interior volume of different motor vehicles are taken into account as input variables. This method does not require its own sensing mechanism, but essentially requires an estimation in which the contamination level used is particularly subject to significant inaccuracies.
In EP 1050332 a2, an indicator for indicating the necessity of replacing the filter is described by means of an air cleaning device, wherein the activation of the indicator is carried out by means of a calculation which is based on the cumulative operating time of the fan and the corresponding fan speed. Inaccuracies are also produced here as a result of the unknown actual contamination level of the air guided through the filter.
US 2004/0041710 a shows an indirect approach to identifying a necessary filter change in an air conditioning system of a motor vehicle. The control behavior of the refrigerating device, and in particular of the compressor of the refrigerating device, is used to determine whether the amount of air conducted through the evaporator of the refrigerating device has decreased due to a blockage of the filter. That is, no additional sensing mechanism is required to implement the method. However, this method is premised on the vehicle having a refrigeration device. Furthermore, the method is naturally inaccurate when the external temperature is low and thus the cooling power required by the refrigeration device is low.
US 2005/0247194 a1 describes a method for identifying clogging of a filter of an air distribution system, wherein the resistance of the system is determined and compared to a threshold value. The system resistance can in this case be determined by the fan power and fan speed, the pressure drop across the filter and the air throughput, or characteristic values of the operation of the refrigeration system. Depending on how the measurement of the system resistance is finally carried out, the aforementioned limits are derived again.
US 2006/0130497 a1 shows another indirect way of distinguishing the state of a filter. An air conditioning system with a filter with a control unit is controlled in such a way that the state of the filter can be determined from the change in the temperature of the interior space resulting from the change in the rotational speed of the fan motor. However, this method has the disadvantage that a relatively large and rapid change in the temperature of the interior space is required in order to be able to deduce the state of the filter. In the vehicle interior, due to the inherently limited temperature stability caused by transient operating states in various environmental conditions, relatively large temperature changes must be carried out, so that the thermal comfort of the occupants is also directly influenced thereby. However, this is contrary to the practical purpose of the air conditioner that should ensure thermal comfort for the vehicle occupants.
The object of the present invention is therefore to determine filter clogging in a filter device with dust particles in the event of problems with monitoring the filter life, wherein this determination should, as far as possible, be carried out only with sensor means which are already present in the filter device or in the surroundings of the filter device, such as sensors in particular in the interior of a motor vehicle. The uncertainty that arises in the case of an evaluation (for example, when a contamination level is used) is to be avoided in this case as well. Furthermore, the thermal comfort should not be impaired in the supply of the interior space with air which is conducted through the filter device.
This object is achieved with the features of claims 1 and 11 in that the air guided through the filter device is used for the air supply of the interior space and the air quantity passing through the filter is derived from the time profile of the concentration of the airborne substance in the air of the interior space.
In filter systems, in particular in filters of air conditioning systems of motor vehicles, a reduction in the volume flow occurs as more and more dirt accumulates at the filter. The volume flow of air through the filter is therefore an indicator of the level of filter clogging caused by dust particles and is thus necessary for the remaining life of the filter remaining until the filter is replaced.
The airborne substance, the concentration of which is measured, can preferably be carbon dioxide (CO)2)。CO2Usually present in the air in low background concentrations, but also by persons located in the interior space. Therefore, CO in the inner space2Is substantially made of CO in the outside air2Of CO generated by persons (in particular vehicle passengers) located in the interior space2The amount, and by the combined action of the air exchange rate at which the air in the interior space is exchanged with the filtered outside air. In this case, the air exchange rate is derived from the volume flow of the air introduced through the filter device and discharged through a ventilation device and from leakage air flows into and out of the interior, which are caused by leaks and are not conducted through the filter device.
Increased CO2Other causes of ingress may be, for example, by CO2The unsealing of the driven air conditioning equipment, or the transportation of pets. In contrast, CO located in the interior can be caused, for example, by an open window, door or sliding roof2Is rapidly reduced.
For example with CO located in the inner space2Sensor pair for determining CO of the air throughput through the filter device2The concentration is measured, the CO2The sensor is originally arranged for monitoring CO in terms of air quality2The concentration of (c).
In the case of carrying out the process according to the invention, substance H2O、NO、NO2、CO、O2、O3、N2、H2Can also be used in a gaseous state for monitoring lifetime. H in the air of the inner space2The concentration of O plays an important role in the vehicle interior space, for example in terms of windshield fogging. Therefore, a humidity sensor is often used in the vehicle interior space in order to measure the air humidity. The measured air humidity can be used in the method of the invention for determining H2The concentration of O. NO, NO2And CO are well detected by air quality sensors that are common in the vehicle field and are therefore equally suitable for the method of the invention. Gas O2、O3、N2、H2Which is relevant or can be sensed well in terms of its concentration in the interior air and can thus also be used.
Dust, fine dust, in particular dust particles, can likewise be used as gas carrier substance for the process according to the invention.
Furthermore, odorous substances in the vehicle sector, such as fragrances for the interior space, increase. In principle, such odorous substances can also be used to deduce the air throughput from the time profile of their concentration in the interior space.
Depending on the principle of action of the sensor system used, it can be expedient to use the mass concentration or the volume concentration of the airborne substance for the evaluation.
In the case of the detection of the time profile of the concentration of the airborne substance, it can be helpful to change the operating conditions of the filter device, so that the air throughput can be better deduced from the correlation of the concentration change with respect to the changes in the operating conditions.
In this case, it is particularly convenient to change the function of the circulating air by switching over to the filter device. In this way, air is suddenly introduced from the outside into the interior space through the filter device, for example in the case of a changeover from the intake of circulating air to the intake of fresh air. If the concentration of the airborne substance in the outside air is lower than the concentration in the interior air, this makes it apparent in the time curve as a result of the concentration decrease in the interior air. When the airborne substance (the concentration of which is being evaluated) is CO2In this case, the concentration in the interior can be increased in particular by the breathing of the passengers during the cycle air operating phase. If then the air is converted back into fresh air, CO in the inner space2Again reduced by air exchange. The rate of concentration reduction is primarily related to the throughput of air supplied by the interior space through the filter apparatus. This means that from the reduction in the concentration the air throughput after conversion into the fresh air and thus the state of the filter in the filter device can be derived.
In a similar manner, the change in these operating conditions can be a change from circulating air to partially circulating air, or from outside air to circulating air or to partially circulating air, or from partially circulating air to outside air or to circulating air, or can be a change in the proportion of circulating air in the partially circulating air.
The method is suitable in this case for carrying out the method when the intake air conditions of the intake air in the case of a heating and air conditioning system of a motor vehicle are inherently changed by operation of these passengers or by automatic control of the heating and air conditioning system, rather than causing such a change separately. Interference with the thermal comfort and riding experience of the passengers is thus prevented.
Another possibility is to bring about an intentional change in the concentration of the aerosol substance and then to evaluate it quantitatively, for example by a defined quantitative jump-in of the aerosol substance. The time profile of the concentration of the gas carrier in the interior space is thereby changed in such a way that the air quantity passing through the filter can be measured in a control-technical sense from the step response (sprungantworth). This form is particularly suitable for aromatic odorous substances used in the interior space.
Depending on which airborne substance is used to carry out the method, it may be convenient to detect the concentration of the substance in the outside air (i.e. as in the surroundings of the motor vehicle). In particular in the case of gases whose background concentration changes strongly in the ambient air, the accuracy of the determination of the air quantity (based on the time profile of the concentration in the air of the interior space) passing through the filter device can thereby be increased.
The modeling of the concentration profile of the airborne substance in a control device enables a better discrimination of filter clogging by comparing the model with the actual concentration measurement. When, for example, the gaseous carrier is CO2Or comprises CO2And modeling the concentration profile, taking into account the introduction of CO by the vehicle occupants2And introducing CO from the outside by leakage2The modeling can then be checked by measuring the concentration of the airborne substance in the circulated air operation. When the inlet air of the filter device is at least partially in the circulating air mode, the introduction of CO by the vehicle occupant can be verified or corrected by means of measurements2And introduction of CO from the outside2To model (3). The actual state, i.e. the measured value, can then be evaluated in comparison with the nominal state (i.e. the concentration profile set by a new filter in the filter device) by means of the model.
A further preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 1 shows a diagram with two attenuation curves, which are derived from a new filter (1) and an aged filter (2) when the intake air of the filter system is switched from circulating air operation to fresh air operation. In this case, CO2As an airborne substance (the concentration of which is evaluated). The method for monitoring the service life of the filter is carried out as follows:
(1) when the inlet air of the filtering device is in circulationIn air mode, measuring CO in the air of the interior space2Concentration;
(2) modeling a concentration curve in a control device, wherein CO is used for determining mass concentration2The mass m is represented by means of the following equation, wherein
Qpass: source term (introduction of CO by vehicle occupants)2)
Qout: source term (introduction of CO from outside by leakage)2)
k: loss factor (leakage);
(3) assumed or otherwise determined Qpass、QoutAnd the value of k is verified or corrected by comparing the concentration measurement to the model;
(4) evaluating the CO after the intake air is converted to outside air2Change in concentration and CO which is stable, in particular after a defined period of time2Concentration;
(5) according to FIG. 1, from the CO2Change in concentration and/or the stabilized CO2Measuring the amount of air passing through the filter;
(6) determining the load of the dirt-laden filter from the quantity of air passing and the actual or required fan performance (which is generally known by setting the operating device);
(7) the measured load of the filter with dirt is used for monitoring the service life, in particular for determining the remaining service life.
Claims (11)
1. A method for monitoring the remaining life of a filter in a filter device equipped with a fan, said filter being a filter in a heating and air conditioning device of a motor vehicle,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the air guided through the filter device is used for the air supply of the interior and the air quantity passing through the filter is derived from the time profile of the concentration of the airborne substances in the air of the interior, the load of the filter is determined from the air quantity and the fan performance, and the remaining life of the filter is determined from the load.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the gas carrier substance comprises at least one gas selected from the group consisting of: CO 22、H2O、NO、NO2、O2、O3、N2、H2。
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the airborne matter comprises dust particles.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the airborne substance comprises an odorous substance for use in the vehicle interior space.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the concentration of the airborne substance is a mass concentration or a volume concentration.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the time profile of the concentration is detected in the case of a change in the intake air conditions of the intake air of the filter device.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the change is a switch in the circulating air function of the filter device.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the concentration of the airborne species is intentionally influenced.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the concentration of airborne substances in the outside air is taken into account.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
measuring the concentration of the airborne substances in the interior space air when the intake air of the filter device is at least partially in a circulating air mode, and in this case in the presence of CO to be introduced by the vehicle occupants2And CO introduced from the outside by leakage2The concentration curve is modeled taking into account and the introduction of CO by the vehicle occupant is verified or corrected by comparing the measured values with the model2And introduction of CO from the outside2To model (3).
11. Device for monitoring the residual life of a filter in a filtering apparatus equipped with a fan, in a heating and air conditioning apparatus of a motor vehicle, for implementing a method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one sensor for measuring the concentration of the airborne substance and a control device connected to the sensor and to the filtering apparatus.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015200996.3 | 2015-01-22 | ||
| DE102015200996.3A DE102015200996A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 | 2015-01-22 | Method and device for monitoring the service life of a filter |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN105817091A CN105817091A (en) | 2016-08-03 |
| CN105817091B true CN105817091B (en) | 2020-10-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201610045823.5A Active CN105817091B (en) | 2015-01-22 | 2016-01-22 | Method and apparatus for monitoring filter life |
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| CN (1) | CN105817091B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102015200996A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11642942B2 (en) | 2017-06-06 | 2023-05-09 | Mann+Hummel Gmbh | Smart multi-modal vehicular air filtering system and associated methods |
| DE102018107943A1 (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2019-10-10 | HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA | Method for monitoring an air filter |
| CN111140991B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-03-08 | Tcl空调器(中山)有限公司 | Method and device for judging operation life of filter screen, air purifier and medium |
| DE102020109942A1 (en) | 2020-04-09 | 2021-10-14 | HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA | Method for determining the condition of at least one air filter in a vehicle |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1179369B (en) * | 1984-05-15 | 1987-09-16 | Ital Idee Srl | MULTIPLE FILTER GROUP, ESPECIALLY FOR VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS FOR MOTOR VEHICLES AND CLOSED ENVIRONMENTS, EQUIPPED WITH MEANS OF CONTROL OF EFFICIENCY |
| EP1050332A3 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2001-05-23 | Simatelex Manufactory Company Limited | Air purifier |
| DE10114524B4 (en) * | 2001-03-21 | 2004-02-19 | Bombardier Transportation Gmbh | Process and arrangement for air conditioning high-speed vehicles |
| DE10140510B4 (en) | 2001-08-17 | 2004-02-05 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Method and device for monitoring the service life of a filter |
| KR100482639B1 (en) | 2002-09-02 | 2005-04-13 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Method for notifying replacement time of air filter for automobile air conditioning |
| DE10301214B3 (en) * | 2003-01-15 | 2004-04-15 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Arrangement used in air conditioner for preparing air for a vehicle cabin, has an air speed sensor for determining actual air volume stream, and units for controlling the amount of olfactory substances to be added |
| US7261762B2 (en) | 2004-05-06 | 2007-08-28 | Carrier Corporation | Technique for detecting and predicting air filter condition |
| US20060130497A1 (en) | 2004-12-20 | 2006-06-22 | Carrier Corporation | Method and control for testing air filter condition in HVAC system |
| US8021469B2 (en) * | 2005-07-14 | 2011-09-20 | Access Business Group International Llc | Control methods for an air treatment system |
| KR100680351B1 (en) | 2005-12-12 | 2007-02-08 | 기아자동차주식회사 | An alarm method for changing air filter of vehicle's heating ventilating and air conditioning system |
| JP2007168706A (en) | 2005-12-26 | 2007-07-05 | Sanden Corp | Filter device for air stream and air-conditioning system for vehicle using the device |
| US7852201B2 (en) * | 2007-03-15 | 2010-12-14 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Apparatus and method for determining the remaining useful life of a transmission filter |
| DE102007039002A1 (en) | 2007-08-17 | 2009-02-19 | Helsa-Automotive Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for monitoring the load condition of an air conditioning device of a motor vehicle |
| US8182579B2 (en) | 2008-07-02 | 2012-05-22 | Woongjin Coway Co., Ltd. | System and method for determining air purifier filter change time using measurement of motor speed |
| CN102188868B (en) * | 2011-04-10 | 2013-08-14 | 江苏香江科技股份有限公司 | Device and method for monitoring filter screen of outdoor equipment room fresh air ventilating system |
| CN103394247B (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2016-01-06 | 东莞市宇洁新材料有限公司 | The compound air purification filter of AQI numerical value and performance test methods thereof in a kind of control room |
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2015
- 2015-01-22 DE DE102015200996.3A patent/DE102015200996A1/en active Pending
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- 2016-01-22 CN CN201610045823.5A patent/CN105817091B/en active Active
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| DE102015200996A1 (en) | 2016-07-28 |
| CN105817091A (en) | 2016-08-03 |
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