CN105811038A - Separation technology of electrodes of lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Separation technology of electrodes of lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105811038A
CN105811038A CN201610252423.1A CN201610252423A CN105811038A CN 105811038 A CN105811038 A CN 105811038A CN 201610252423 A CN201610252423 A CN 201610252423A CN 105811038 A CN105811038 A CN 105811038A
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China
Prior art keywords
separating technology
positive electrode
mentioned
negative
alkali liquor
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Pending
Application number
CN201610252423.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘秀兰
迟忠君
李香龙
陈艳霞
曾爽
金渊
关宇
马光耀
焦东升
陈建树
潘鸣宇
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Beijing Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Beijing Electric Power Co Ltd
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Application filed by State Grid Corp of China SGCC, State Grid Beijing Electric Power Co Ltd filed Critical State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Priority to CN201610252423.1A priority Critical patent/CN105811038A/en
Publication of CN105811038A publication Critical patent/CN105811038A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a separation technology of electrodes of a lithium ion battery. The separation technology comprises a separation technology of a positive electrode plate and a separation technology of a negative electrode plate. The positive electrode plate comprises a positive electrode active material, a positive electrode binder and aluminum foil. The negative electrode plate comprises a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode binder and copper foil. The separation technology of the positive electrode plate comprises following steps of soaking the positive electrode plate by adopting alkali liquor; and separating the positive electrode active material and the aluminum foil, wherein the ratio of the quality of the positive electrode plate to the volume of the alkali liquor is less than 0.2g/ml, and the concentration of the alkali liquor is 1-3mol/L. The separation technology of the negative electrode plate comprises following steps of soaking the positive electrode plate by adopting water; and separating the positive electrode active material and the copper foil, wherein the ratio of the quality of the positive electrode plate to the volume of the water is 0.1-0.4g/ml. The separation technology is relatively low in cost and relatively high in security.

Description

The separating technology of the electrode slice of lithium ion battery
Technical field
The application relates to technical field of lithium ion, in particular to the separating technology of the electrode slice of a kind of lithium ion battery.
Background technology
Waste and old lithium ion battery recovery process needs separated with active material by the collector in electrode slice.Those skilled in the art can according to collector in electrode, active material, binding agent physicochemical properties determine suitable separation method.
Positive plate in lithium ion battery is generally made up of LiFePO4, acetylene black, binding agent (PVDF) and four kinds of materials of aluminium foil, active material therein is LiFePO4, acetylene black, and active material is uniformly coated in current collector aluminum foil by a certain proportion of binding agent.Therefore, adopt organic solvent to make binding agent PVDF dissolve, active material just can be made to split away off current collector aluminum foil, it is achieved active material separates with aluminium foil, and then achieve the independent recovery of aluminium foil.
The negative plate of lithium ion battery usually by aqueous binders by active material as the material such as Delanium, conductive agent is covered in copper foil current collector by binding agent.Make active material split away off from collector copper, it is achieved active material separates with Copper Foil, and then achieve the independent recovery of Copper Foil.
Current is organic solvent dissolution method and high-temperature decomposition by the main method that active material and collector are easily separated.High-temperature decomposition energy consumption is high, and equipment investment is big, and can produce poisonous fluoro-gas.Positive electrode active materials and aluminium foil can be separated by organic solvent dissolution method, but the toxicity of organic solvent is relatively big, and need to it be heated when separating, and consume energy higher and safety is poor.
Summary of the invention
The application aims to provide the separating technology of the electrode slice of a kind of lithium ion battery, to solve the problem that cost is high, safety coefficient is low of the separating technology of electrode slice of the prior art.
To achieve these goals, an aspect according to the application, provide the separating technology of the electrode slice of a kind of lithium ion battery, separating technology including separating technology and the negative plate of positive plate, above-mentioned positive plate includes positive electrode active materials, positive electrode binder and aluminum paper tinsel, above-mentioned negative plate includes negative active core-shell material, negative electrode binder and Copper Foil, the separating technology of above-mentioned positive plate includes: adopt the above-mentioned positive plate of dipping by lye, above-mentioned positive electrode active materials is separated with above-mentioned aluminium foil, the ratio of the quality of above-mentioned positive plate and the volume of above-mentioned alkali liquor is less than 0.2g/ml, the concentration of above-mentioned alkali liquor is between 1~3mol/L;The separating technology of above-mentioned negative plate includes: adopting the above-mentioned positive plate of water soaking, separated with above-mentioned Copper Foil by above-mentioned negative active core-shell material, the ratio of the quality of above-mentioned negative plate and the volume of above-mentioned water is between 0.1~0.4g/ml.
Further, the quality of above-mentioned positive plate and the ratio of the volume of above-mentioned alkali liquor are less than 0.1g/ml.
Further, the concentration of above-mentioned alkali liquor is 2mol/L.
Further, the time of the above-mentioned positive plate of above-mentioned dipping by lye is be more than or equal to 0.5h.
Further, above-mentioned alkali liquor is NaOH solution.
Further, the separating technology of above-mentioned positive plate also includes: above-mentioned positive electrode active materials separates with above-mentioned aluminium foil to adopt sonic oscillation to promote.
Further, the time of above-mentioned sonic oscillation is between 5~20min.
Further, the quality of above-mentioned negative plate is 0.25g/ml with the ratio of the volume of above-mentioned water.
Further, the time of the above-mentioned positive plate of above-mentioned water soaking is be more than or equal to 3h.
Further, the separating technology of above-mentioned negative plate also includes: above-mentioned negative active core-shell material separates with above-mentioned Copper Foil to adopt sonic oscillation to promote.
The technical scheme of application the application, the separating technology of positive plate adopts alkali liquor separation positive electrode active materials and above-mentioned aluminum paper tinsel, the separating technology of negative plate adopt water separate above-mentioned negative plate and negative active core-shell material, the separation of positive plate is avoided adopting pyrolytic or organic dissolution method with separating of negative plate, reduce the cost of separating technology, improve the security performance of separating technology, the ratio of the quality of positive plate with the volume of above-mentioned alkali liquor is controlled for less than 0.2g/ml, the concentration of above-mentioned alkali liquor controls between 1~3mol/L, by the ratio of the volume of the quality of above-mentioned negative plate and above-mentioned water between 0.1~0.4g/ml, preferably positive electrode active materials can be separated with above-mentioned aluminium foil, negative active core-shell material separates with above-mentioned Copper Foil.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The Figure of description constituting the part of the application is used for providing further understanding of the present application, and the schematic description and description of the application is used for explaining the application, is not intended that the improper restriction to the application.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 illustrates the first solid-to-liquid ratio of a kind of embodiment proposition of the application and the relation curve of the first separation efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
It it is noted that described further below is all exemplary, it is intended to provide further instruction to the application.Unless otherwise, all technology used herein and scientific terminology have the identical meanings being generally understood that with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field.
It should be noted that term used herein above merely to describe detailed description of the invention, and be not intended to the restricted root illustrative embodiments according to the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singulative is also intended to include plural form, in addition, it is to be further understood that, when using term " comprising " and/or " including " in this manual, it indicates existing characteristics, step, operation, device, assembly and/or their combination.
Introducing as background technology, organic solvent dissolution method of the prior art is relatively costly with high-temperature decomposition, and safety is poor, in order to solve technical problem as above, present applicant proposes the separating technology of the electrode slice of a kind of lithium ion battery.
In a kind of typical embodiment of the application, provide the separating technology of the electrode slice of a kind of lithium ion battery, this separating technology includes the separating technology of positive plate and the separating technology of negative plate, wherein, positive plate includes positive electrode active materials, positive electrode binder and aluminium foil, and negative plate includes negative active core-shell material, negative electrode binder and Copper Foil.The separating technology of positive plate includes: adopts the above-mentioned positive plate of dipping by lye, is separated with above-mentioned aluminium foil by above-mentioned positive electrode active materials, and the ratio of the quality of above-mentioned positive plate and the volume of above-mentioned alkali liquor is less than 0.2g/ml, and the concentration of above-mentioned alkali liquor is between 1~3mol/L;The separating technology of above-mentioned negative plate includes: adopting the above-mentioned positive plate of water soaking, separated with above-mentioned Copper Foil by above-mentioned negative active core-shell material, the ratio of the quality of above-mentioned negative plate and the volume of above-mentioned water is between 0.1~0.4g/ml.
Above-mentioned separating technology, the separating technology of positive plate adopts alkali liquor separation positive electrode active materials and above-mentioned aluminum paper tinsel, the separating technology of negative plate adopt water separate above-mentioned negative plate and negative active core-shell material, the separation of positive plate is avoided adopting pyrolytic or organic dissolution method with separating of negative plate, reduce the cost of separating technology, improve the security performance of separating technology, the ratio of the quality of positive plate with the volume of above-mentioned alkali liquor is controlled for less than 0.2g/ml, the concentration of above-mentioned alkali liquor controls between 1~3mol/L, by the ratio of the volume of the quality of above-mentioned negative plate and above-mentioned water between 0.1~0.4g/ml, preferably positive electrode active materials can be separated with above-mentioned aluminium foil, negative active core-shell material separates with above-mentioned Copper Foil.
Weigh respectively positive plate 5.0g, 10.0g, 20.0g, 30.0g, 50.0g be equipped with 100ml2mol/L NaOH solution beaker in carry out ultrasonic 10min at 25 DEG C.By NaOH solution, the separating effect of positive electrode active materials with aluminium foil is determined the ratio of the weight of positive plate and the volume of NaOH solution, the ratio of the quality of positive plate and the volume of above-mentioned alkali liquor is called for short the first solid-to-liquid ratio, Fig. 1 illustrates the relation curve of the first solid-to-liquid ratio and separation efficiency, as shown in Figure 1, along with the first solid-to-liquid ratio is gradually increased, separation efficiency is gradually reduced.
Therefore, in order to positive electrode active materials and above-mentioned aluminium foil are kept completely separate quickly, improving the separation efficiency of positive electrode active materials and aluminium foil further, the quality of the preferred above-mentioned positive plate of the application and the ratio of the volume of above-mentioned alkali liquor are less than 0.1g/ml.
In a kind of embodiment of the application, positive electrode binder is Kynoar (PolyVinylideneFluoride is called for short PVDF).
Positive electrode binder in positive plate is PVDF, and this positive plate is cut into 1 × 2cm2Lamellar, under 25 DEG C of conditions, study the NaOH solution of the variable concentrations separating effect to positive electrode active materials Yu aluminium foil.Further, fixing the first solid-to-liquid ratio is 0.1g/ml, and the fixing time soaked is 0.5h, adopts ultrasonic vibration to process in separation process.The result separated is in Table 1.
Table 1
As it can be seen from table 1 the concentration of NaOH solution is when 2mol/L, positive electrode active materials can be kept completely separate with aluminium foil, and only a small amount of aluminium foil dissolves, and calculating, by data, the concentration obtaining Al is 0.0133mol/L.Increase along with NaOH solution concentration, the dissolving situation of aluminium foil also increases, and aluminium foil reacts incomplete in NaOH solution, it is possible to produce a large amount of white impurity, it is difficult to be dissolved in aqueous slkali, after a large amount of impurity effects that therefore can produce along with the dissolving of aluminium foil, reclaims the process of product.
In a kind of embodiment, the concentration of above-mentioned alkali liquor is 2mol/L.So can reduce aluminium foil further to dissolve, be further ensured that positive electrode active materials separates preferably with aluminium foil simultaneously.
In order to be further ensured that less aluminium foil dissolves, and is further ensured that positive electrode active materials separates preferably with aluminium foil simultaneously, in a kind of embodiment, the time of the above-mentioned positive plate of above-mentioned dipping by lye is be more than or equal to 0.5h.
In the application one embodiment, above-mentioned alkali liquor is NaOH solution, and NaOH solution is drawn materials conveniently, cheap, and does not react with positive electrode active materials, aluminium foil, is more beneficial for reducing the cost of separating technology, and ensures the response rate of positive electrode active materials and aluminium foil.
In order to positive electrode active materials and aluminium foil are completely separated quickly, the separating technology of the preferred above-mentioned positive plate of the application also includes: above-mentioned positive electrode active materials separates with above-mentioned aluminium foil to adopt sonic oscillation to promote.
In the application one embodiment, the time of above-mentioned sonic oscillation, between 5~20min, so can be further ensured that positive electrode active materials and above-mentioned aluminium foil are completely separated, and is further ensured that aluminium foil and active material are not damaged by.
The ratio of the quality of negative plate and the volume of above-mentioned water is the second solid-to-liquid ratio, and the second different solid-to-liquid ratios has been tested by inventor from different soak times, in experimentation, it is ensured that other parameter is identical, only changes the second solid-to-liquid ratio or soak time.Experimental result is in Table 2.
Table 2
Along with the increase of the second solid-to-liquid ratio, negative pole bonding agent is destroyed gradually, and negative active core-shell material can be easier to come off from Copper Foil.When liquid-solid ratio equal to 4, soak time more than 3h time, the active material on Copper Foil all comes off, it is thus achieved that cleaner Copper Foil.Experiment finds that discontinuously increasing the second solid-to-liquid ratio can not be substantially reduced soak time, increases later stage liquid, the solid workload separated on the contrary, and therefore, in a kind of embodiment of the application, the second solid-to-liquid ratio is 0.25g/ml, and soak time is be more than or equal to 3h.
In order to positive electrode active materials and aluminium foil are completely separated quickly, the separating technology of the preferred above-mentioned negative plate of the application also includes: above-mentioned negative active core-shell material separates with above-mentioned Copper Foil to adopt sonic oscillation to promote.
As can be seen from the above description, the application the above embodiments achieve following technique effect:
The separating technology of positive plate adopts alkali liquor separation positive electrode active materials and above-mentioned aluminum paper tinsel, the separating technology of negative plate adopt water separate above-mentioned negative plate and negative active core-shell material, the separation of positive plate is avoided adopting pyrolytic or organic dissolution method with separating of negative plate, reduce the cost of separating technology, improve the security performance of separating technology, the ratio of the quality of positive plate with the volume of above-mentioned alkali liquor is controlled for less than 0.2g/ml, the concentration of above-mentioned alkali liquor controls between 1~3mol/L, by the ratio of the volume of the quality of above-mentioned negative plate and above-mentioned water between 0.1~0.4g/ml, preferably positive electrode active materials can be separated with above-mentioned aluminium foil, negative active core-shell material separates with above-mentioned Copper Foil.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiment of the application, be not limited to the application, for a person skilled in the art, the application can have various modifications and variations.All within spirit herein and principle, any amendment of making, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the protection domain of the application.

Claims (10)

1. the separating technology of the electrode slice of a lithium ion battery, including the separating technology of separating technology and the negative plate of positive plate, described positive plate includes positive electrode active materials, positive electrode binder and aluminium foil, and described negative plate includes negative active core-shell material, negative electrode binder and Copper Foil, it is characterized in that
The separating technology of described positive plate includes:
Adopting positive plate described in dipping by lye, separated with described aluminium foil by described positive electrode active materials, the ratio of the quality of described positive plate and the volume of described alkali liquor is less than 0.2g/ml, and the concentration of described alkali liquor is between 1~3mol/L;
The separating technology of described negative plate includes:
Adopting negative plate described in water soaking, separated with described Copper Foil by described negative active core-shell material, the ratio of the quality of described negative plate and the volume of described water is between 0.1~0.4g/ml.
2. the separating technology of electrode slice according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the ratio of the quality of described positive plate and the volume of described alkali liquor is less than 0.1g/ml.
3. the separating technology of electrode slice according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that the concentration of described alkali liquor is 2mol/L.
4. the separating technology of electrode slice according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described in described dipping by lye, the time of positive plate is be more than or equal to 0.5h.
5. the separating technology of electrode slice according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described alkali liquor is NaOH solution.
6. the separating technology of electrode slice according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the separating technology of described positive plate also includes:
Described positive electrode active materials separates with described aluminium foil to adopt sonic oscillation to promote.
7. the separating technology of electrode slice according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the time of described sonic oscillation is between 5~20min.
8. the separating technology of electrode slice according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the ratio of the quality of described negative plate and the volume of described water is 0.25g/ml.
9. the separating technology of electrode slice according to claim 8, it is characterised in that described in described water soaking, the time of positive plate is be more than or equal to 3h.
10. the separating technology of the electrode slice according to claim 1 or 9, it is characterised in that the separating technology of described negative plate also includes:
Described negative active core-shell material separates with described Copper Foil to adopt sonic oscillation to promote.
CN201610252423.1A 2016-04-21 2016-04-21 Separation technology of electrodes of lithium ion battery Pending CN105811038A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111326817A (en) * 2018-12-14 2020-06-23 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 Method for separating positive active material and current collector of waste lithium battery

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Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104810566A (en) * 2014-07-01 2015-07-29 万向A一二三系统有限公司 Environmentally friendly recovery and treatment method of waste and old lithium iron phosphate power cells
CN105024106A (en) * 2015-07-31 2015-11-04 合肥国轩高科动力能源股份公司 Method for recovering ferric phosphate from waste lithium ion battery and scrapped anode piece

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN111326817A (en) * 2018-12-14 2020-06-23 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 Method for separating positive active material and current collector of waste lithium battery

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Application publication date: 20160727