CN105807132A - Method for detecting detuning frequency of radio-frequency cavity of accelerator - Google Patents
Method for detecting detuning frequency of radio-frequency cavity of accelerator Download PDFInfo
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- CN105807132A CN105807132A CN201610128167.5A CN201610128167A CN105807132A CN 105807132 A CN105807132 A CN 105807132A CN 201610128167 A CN201610128167 A CN 201610128167A CN 105807132 A CN105807132 A CN 105807132A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting detuning frequency of a radio-frequency cavity of an accelerator. The method includes sampling by utilizing a directional coupler and obtaining incoming waves and reflection waves in a radio frequency power feed system of the radio-frequency cavity of the accelerator; then obtaining the amplitudes and phase reference values of two channels of signals through IQ demodulation; calculating the impedance of the radio-frequency cavity of the accelerator through a formula I; and then calculating the detuning frequency of the radio-frequency cavity of the accelerator through a formula II. According to the invention, the detuning frequency can be obtained accurately, so that the detuning state can be judged. Compared with a prior indirect detuning state judging method, the method provided by the invention is more direct and effective. Besides, by adopting the IQ demodulation method, accurate measurement of the amplitudes and the phases of the incoming waves and the reflection waves and the measurement accuracy is improved; the detuning degree can be obtained accurately, so that a solid basis is laid for accurate detection and control of the resonance state of the radio-frequency cavity of the accelerator.
Description
Technical field
The application relates to the Detection & Controling field of accelerator radio-frequency cavity, particularly relates to a kind of method detecting accelerator radio-frequency cavity off-resonance frequency.
Background technology
Accelerator is a kind of device making charged particle gather way, in country's major science and technology infrastructure projects Program in China spallation neutron target, accelerator be divided into linear accelerator and ringotron, proton beam is accelerated to 80Mev by linear accelerator, proton beam is accelerated to 1.6Gev by ringotron, then passes through line extraction system and is drawn by proton beam, the line bombardment heavy metal tungsten target of extraction, obtaining neutron, neutron is as the microstructure of the various material of probe in detecting.
The main body of accelerator is exactly radio-frequency cavity, and RF power is delivered to after in radio-frequency cavity by power transmission system, forms stable accelerating field in radio-frequency cavity, charged particle, such as proton etc., by obtaining energy after acceleration fields, is accelerated.
Radio-frequency cavity is under resonance condition, same input power can set up maximum acceleration fields wherein, once radio-frequency cavity off resonance, resonator cavity load impedance is partially too far away with the characteristic impedance of power transmission system, will cause that input power major part is reflected back, sufficiently high acceleration fields cannot be set up in resonator cavity, cause that charged particle can not obtain enough energy, do not reach designing requirement.After additionally radio-frequency power is reflected back in a large number, the infringement to radio frequency power source system can be caused.
The resonant frequency of existing accelerator radio-frequency cavity controls system, it is stable for controlling the resonant frequency of accelerator radio-frequency cavity, make it consistent with the output frequency of radio frequency power source, this resonant frequency controls the system phase contrast mainly by incidence wave and accelerator radio-frequency cavity chamber field signal as the foundation judging cavity whether off resonance, it it is a kind of indirect hands section judging resonator cavity whether off resonance, the off-resonance frequency of accelerator radio-frequency cavity cannot be directly obtained, therefore, the off resonance degree of accelerator radio-frequency cavity cannot be judged accurately, also corresponding resonant frequency control program cannot just be adopted accurately.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the application is to provide a kind of method of brand-new detection accelerator radio-frequency cavity off-resonance frequency.
The application have employed techniques below scheme:
This application discloses a kind of method detecting accelerator radio-frequency cavity off-resonance frequency, the incidence wave in the radio-frequency power feeder system of accelerator radio-frequency cavity and echo is obtained including utilizing directional coupler sampling, then pass through IQ demodulation and obtain amplitude and the reference phase of two paths of signals, by the impedance of formula one computation accelerator radio-frequency cavity, calculate the off-resonance frequency obtaining accelerator radio-frequency cavity again through formula two；
Formula one:
Formula two:
Wherein, ZLFor accelerator radio frequency resonant cavity impedance,For the magnitude of voltage of load impedance,For the current value of load impedance, Z0For the characteristic impedance of power transmission system,For Z1The magnitude of voltage of position incidence wave,For Z2The magnitude of voltage of position echo, e be plural number exponential form representation in the truth of a matter of natural logrithm, γ (Z1-L) represent the ripple propagated along Z axis negative direction from Z1Point arrives the phase contrast of load end ,-γ (Z2-L) represent the ripple propagated along the positive aspect of Z axis from Z2Point is to the phase contrast of load end, and γ is complex propagation constant；ω is radio frequency power source output signal angular frequency, ω0Natural oscillation angular frequency for accelerator radio-frequency cavity；△ ω is the off-resonance frequency of accelerating cavity, namely the difference on the frequency between radio frequency power source output signal angular frequency and the natural mode shape of accelerating cavity, Q0For the unloaded quality factor of accelerating cavity, YLRepresent load admittance, load admittance YLIt it is accelerator radio-frequency cavity impedance ZLInverse, YL iFor load admittance YLImaginary part, YL rFor load admittance YLReal part, π is pi, and Δ H is off-resonance frequency；
Further, YL、ZL、YL iAnd YL rMeet formula three,
Formula three:
Wherein, j represents the imaginary unit of plural number, is the square root of-1.
It should be noted that, pass through the present processes, the value of off-resonance frequency can be calculated accurately, with the existing phase contrast by chamber field wave shape Yu incidence wave, or by reflection power size, indirectly judging whether off-resonance frequency or system are in off resonance state and compare, the present processes is more simple directly, and more accurate.
Preferably, directional coupler sampling is utilized to obtain the incidence wave in the radio-frequency power feeder system of accelerator radio-frequency cavity and echo, it is specially, adopt the directional coupler of at least two series connection, one directional coupler is used for coupling incoming signal, one directional coupler is for coupled reflection signal, the incoming signal of coupling and reflected signal are transported in analog down, respectively obtain the intermediate-freuqncy signal of incoming signal and reflected signal, intermediate-freuqncy signal is transported in AD sampling A/D chip and carries out quadruple digital quadrature-sampling, i.e. I, Q samples, obtain the I of incoming signal and reflected signal, Q-value.
It should be noted that, one of emphasis of the application is in that to obtain the signal of incidence wave and echo, it is appreciated that, adopting directional coupler coupled reflection signal and incoming signal respectively is one of which implementation, and in prior art, other device that can realize similar functions can be used for the application.But, in the optimal way of the application, it is contemplated that realize the factors such as complexity, cost and detection accuracy, it is preferred to use the directional coupler of two series connection realizes the coupling of reflected signal and incoming signal respectively.
Also, it should be noted the another one of the application focuses on, obtained amplitude and the reference phase of two paths of signals by IQ demodulation, it will be understood that at directional coupler coupled reflection signal and incoming signal respectively, it is possible to adopt the mode sampled I of routine, Q-value；But, in the preferred scheme of the application, have employed the analog down signal to directional coupler and carry out processing acquisition intermediate-freuqncy signal, then adopt AD sampling A/D chip sampled I, Q-value.
Preferably, amplitude and the reference phase of two paths of signals is obtained by IQ demodulation, specifically, the I of sampling, Q-value are transported in fpga chip and carry out IQ demodulation, it is thus achieved that the amplitude of incidence wave and echo and reference phase.
It should be noted that IQ demodulation can adopt existing demodulation mode to carry out, fpga chip is a kind of preferred implementation of the application.
Preferably, in the directional coupler of at least two series connection, forward and reverse coefficient of coup of directional coupler keeps consistent, and, directional coupler keeps Striking symmetry to the transfer passage of AD sampling A/D chip.
It should be noted that, in order to try to achieve load impedance accurately, need to measure accurately amplitude and the phase information of incidence wave and echo in radio-frequency power feeder system, measurement error have to be reduced for this as far as possible, therefore, forward and reverse coefficient of coup of directional coupler keeps consistent, and, directional coupler keeps Striking symmetry to the transfer passage of AD sampling A/D chip.
Preferably, by the impedance of formula one computation accelerator radio-frequency cavity, calculating the off-resonance frequency obtaining accelerator radio-frequency cavity again through formula two, it is possible to be calculated in industrial computer, industrial computer is by directly exporting off-resonance frequency after calculating.
It should be noted that, for acquisition off-resonance frequency easy further, it is appreciated that, according to existing computer technology, any formula can realize in industrial computer, therefore, in the preferred implementation of the application, realize automatically calculating by industrial computer by the formula two of the formula one of computation accelerator radio frequency resonant cavity impedance and computation accelerator radio-frequency cavity off-resonance frequency, and export required impedance and off-resonance frequency numerical value.
The another side of the application discloses a kind of device detecting accelerator radio-frequency cavity off-resonance frequency, this device includes IQ sampling component, IQ demodulation chip and industrial computer, connected by signal between IQ sampling component and IQ demodulation chip, connected by signal between IQ demodulation chip and industrial computer；IQ sampling component includes directional coupler group, analog down and the AD sampling A/D chip that signal connects；Directional coupler group, is made up of the directional coupler of two series connection, and a directional coupler is used for coupling incoming signal, and another directional coupler is used for coupled reflection signal；Analog down, for the incoming signal of directional coupler group coupling and reflected signal are carried out down-converted, obtains the intermediate-freuqncy signal of incoming signal and reflected signal respectively；AD sampling A/D chip is for carrying out quadruple digital quadrature-sampling to intermediate-freuqncy signal, it is thus achieved that incoming signal and the I of reflected signal, Q-value；IQ demodulation chip is fpga chip, carries out IQ demodulation for I, the Q-value that AD sampling A/D chip is obtained, it is thus achieved that the amplitude of incidence wave and echo and reference phase；Amplitude that industrial computer obtains according to IQ demodulation chip and reference phase, by the impedance of formula one computation accelerator radio-frequency cavity, by the off-resonance frequency of formula two computation accelerator radio-frequency cavity；
Formula one:
Formula two:
Wherein, ZLFor accelerator radio frequency resonant cavity impedance,For the magnitude of voltage of load impedance,For the current value of load impedance, Z0For the characteristic impedance of power transmission system,For Z1The magnitude of voltage of position incidence wave,For Z2The magnitude of voltage of position echo, e be plural number exponential form representation in the truth of a matter of natural logrithm, γ (Z1-L) represent the ripple propagated along Z axis negative direction from Z1Point arrives the phase contrast of load end ,-γ (Z2-L) represent the ripple propagated along the positive aspect of Z axis from Z2Point is to the phase contrast of load end, and γ is complex propagation constant；
ω is radio frequency power source output signal angular frequency, ω0Natural oscillation angular frequency for accelerator radio-frequency cavity；△ ω is the off-resonance frequency of accelerating cavity, namely the difference on the frequency between radio frequency power source output signal angular frequency and the natural mode shape of accelerating cavity, Q0For the unloaded quality factor of accelerating cavity, YLRepresent load admittance, load admittance YLIt it is accelerator radio-frequency cavity impedance ZLInverse, YL iFor load admittance YLImaginary part, YL rFor load admittance YLReal part, π is pi, and Δ H is off-resonance frequency；
Further, YL、ZL、YL iAnd YL rMeet formula three,
Formula three:
Wherein, j represents the imaginary unit of plural number, is the square root of-1.
It should be noted that the device of the application, its each assembly is combined and is achieved the accurate calculating to off-resonance frequency.It is appreciated that IQ sampling component, IQ demodulation chip and industrial computer, even the directional coupler group of IQ sampling component, analog down and AD sampling A/D chip etc., it is all connected by signal each other, or radio-frequency cable connects, and in the most easy situation, each assembly can be self-existent；But, use in order to convenient, it is also possible to by the set that forms a whole in each component integration to container or framework, or IQ sampling component is integrated into a unit, IQ demodulation chip and industrial computer as another unit, in order to remotely operate；These can be determined according to specifically used situation or demand, is not specifically limited at this.
The application has the beneficial effects that:
The detection method of the application, it is possible to obtain off-resonance frequency accurately thus judging the off resonance state of system is compared with the mode of existing indirect judgement off resonance state, more directly perceived effective.Further, the mode of IQ demodulation is adopted, it is achieved that incidence wave, the amplitude of echo and the accurate of phase place are measured, adds certainty of measurement；Off resonance degree can be known accurately, in order to adjust resonant frequency control program for different off resonance degree.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is sinusoidal wave in the embodiment of the present applicationComplex vector in I, Q complex space represents figure；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of AD sampling A/D chip quadruple sampling intermediate-freuqncy signal in the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 3 is radio frequency power source power feeding system schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of 324MHz analog radio frequency resonator cavity in the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation at another visual angle of 324MHz analog radio frequency resonator cavity in the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 6 is simulation resonator cavity Q in the embodiment of the present application0Value test result figure；
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of dual-port directional coupler in the embodiment of the present application, and A end is radiofrequency signal input port, and B end is radiofrequency signal delivery outlet, and C end is echo coupling aperture, and D end is incidence wave coupling aperture；
Fig. 8 is the internal digital signal Processing Algorithm schematic diagram of fpga chip in the embodiment of the present application.
Detailed description of the invention
The main purpose of the application is impedance and the off-resonance frequency of computation accelerator radio-frequency cavity.The present processes specifically make use of directional coupler sampling to obtain incidence wave and the echo of transmission in radio-frequency power feeder system, the mode then passing through numeral IQ demodulation obtains amplitude and the reference phase of two paths of signals, utilize amplitude and the reference phase of two paths of signals, the impedance of computation accelerator radio-frequency cavity, then pass through the relation between resistance value and accelerator radio-frequency cavity off-resonance frequency, try to achieve the off-resonance frequency of accelerator radio-frequency cavity.The present processes can calculate the off-resonance frequency value obtaining accelerator radio-frequency cavity accurately, and this off-resonance frequency value can control the reference frame of system as radio-frequency cavity off-resonance frequency, it is achieved the closed loop control to radio frequency resonant frequency.Further, the present processes is in closed loop control state for accelerator low level radio frequency control system or opened loop control state is unrelated.
It should be noted that the detection method of the application can directly measure the off-resonance frequency of resonator cavity, more intuitively, it is simple to operator judge the off resonance degree of resonator cavity, and then take different resonant frequency control programs.It addition, the value of the off-resonance frequency by directly measuring cavity, it is possible to for accelerator radio-frequency cavity in the automatic frequency-conversion process in seasoned stage.In the accelerator radio-frequency cavity seasoned stage, after the off-resonance frequency value being recorded resonator cavity by the detection method of the application, just can directly change the output frequency of radio frequency power source, make it consistent with resonator cavity natural mode shape at that time, make radio-frequency power to be fed in resonator cavity faster, reduce the time that cavity is seasoned.
Below by specific embodiment, the application is described in further detail.The application is only further described by following example, should not be construed as the restriction to the application.
Embodiment
This example proposes the method for the off-resonance frequency of a kind of new detection accelerator radio-frequency cavity.The method is the incidence wave and the echo that utilize directional coupler to extract transmission in radio-frequency power feeder system, then the amplitude and the reference phase that obtain two waveforms are calculated, incidence wave, the amplitude of echo and reference phase are substituted into the computing formula of load impedance, try to achieve the resistance value of radio-frequency cavity, utilize the relation between the load impedance of radio-frequency cavity and cavity off-resonance frequency to calculate the off-resonance frequency value obtaining radio-frequency cavity, the technical scheme of the method for this example is described in greater detail below.
This example adopts directional coupler group, analog down and AD sampling A/D chip to complete I, Q sampling, then carries out IQ demodulation in FPGA, it is thus achieved that the amplitude of incidence wave and echo and reference phase, then carries out follow-up impedance and off-resonance frequency calculating.
When carrying out I, Q sampling, due to the restriction of the maximum sample frequency of AD sampling A/D chip, it is therefore desirable to the incidence wave couple directional coupler and reflection wave signal, through analog down, obtain the intermediate-freuqncy signal of two signals, and the process of analog down is as follows:
Coupled signal:
Wherein, VRFRepresent the signal that incidence wave or echo are coupled out by directional coupler,The amplitude of representation signal, t represents time, ωRFRepresent incidence wave or reflection wave signal hunting angle frequency,Represent the initial phase of incidence wave or reflection wave signal.
Local oscillation signal:
Wherein, VLORepresent local oscillation signal,Representing the amplitude of local oscillation signal, t represents time, ωLORepresent local oscillation signal hunting angle frequency,Represent the initial phase of local oscillation signal.
After both mixing:
After the low-pass filtering of analog down, filter the high-frequency components in mixing formula, remaining intermediate-freuqncy signal VIF:
Wherein, VIFRepresent intermediate-freuqncy signal,Represent the amplitude of intermediate-freuqncy signal, andT represents time, ωIFRepresent intermediate-freuqncy signal hunting angle frequency and ωIF=ωLO-ωRF,Represent the initial phase of intermediate-freuqncy signal, and
Due to local oscillation signal VLOAmplitude and phase place be fixing, so intermediate-freuqncy signal VIFJust contain directional coupler coupled signal VRFAmplitude and phase information.
This example complex vector in one I, Q complex space represents a sine waveWherein, A is sinusoidal wave amplitude, and ω represents the hunting angle frequency of sine wave, and t represents the time,Represent the initial phase of sine wave.As shown in Figure 1, wherein sinusoidal wave amplitude is exactly the mould of complex vector, and sinusoidal wave phase place is exactly complex vector phase angle in I, Q complex space, complex vector projection on I axle is sinusoidal wave I component in complex space, and the projection on Q axle is sinusoidal wave Q component in complex space.
The intermediate-freuqncy signal V of two-way waveform that will obtain after analog downIFSending into AD sampling A/D chip and carry out quadruple digital quadrature-sampling, namely I, Q sampling, obtains the digital I of two signals, Q-value.
The intermediate-freuqncy signal assuming a wherein road is:Shown in Fig. 2, respectively at sinusoidal wave t0、t1、t2、t3Instance sample.
At t0Moment, intermediate-freuqncy signalSampled value be:
At t1In the moment, sampled value is
At t2In the moment, sampled value is
At t3In the moment, sampled value is
The then amplitude of intermediate-freuqncy signal Phase place
Wherein, A is the amplitude of signal, and t represents time, t0、t1、t2、t3Representing four different sampling stages points respectively, because sample clock frequency is adopted four times of signal frequency, therefore for by the number of accepting and believing, the phase contrast between each sampling interval is 90 degree.I represents in complex vector space, the projection on transverse axis of the sinusoidal wave vector.Q represents in complex vector space, the projection on the longitudinal axis of the sinusoidal wave vector.
Thus can calculate the amplitude obtaining two-way intermediate-freuqncy signal and reference phase.
When undertaken by fpga chip IQ demodulation obtain the amplitude of incidence wave and echo and the reference value of phase place after, it is possible to by the impedance computation formula of radio-frequency cavity, try to achieve the impedance Z of radio-frequency cavityL.As shown in Figure 3, it is assumed that VgFor the output of radio frequency power source, Z0For the characteristic impedance of waveguide, radio-frequency cavity load impedance is ZL, the impedance Z of the resonator cavity at Z=L place can be obtained according to microwave engineering principleL, i.e. radio-frequency cavity load impedance ZL:
I.e. formula one,
Wherein, Z1And Z2It is between 0 to L, appoint 2 points taken,For the magnitude of voltage of load impedance,For the current value of load impedance, Z0For the characteristic impedance of power transmission system,For Z1The vector reference value of some place incidence wave, i.e. Z1The magnitude of voltage of position incidence wave, wherein comprises the amplitude of incidence wave and the reference value of phase place,For Z2The vector reference value of some place echo, i.e. Z2The magnitude of voltage of position echo, wherein comprises the amplitude of echo and the reference value of phase place, and γ is complex propagation constant, then obtains:
Wherein, YLRepresent load admittance, load admittance YLIt it is accelerator radio-frequency cavity impedance ZLInverse, YL iFor load admittance YLImaginary part, YL rFor load admittance YLReal part, j represent plural number imaginary unit, be the square root of-1；
Regard radio-frequency cavity cavity load as a rlc circuit in parallel, it is possible to obtain:
Wherein, R represents the resistive component in the Parallel RLC Circuit that accelerator radio-frequency cavity load is equivalent；Q0Represent the nonloaded Q of accelerator radio-frequency cavity, i.e. the unloaded quality factor of accelerating cavity；ω represents the angular frequency of the power source output radiofrequency signal of accelerator radio-frequency cavity, i.e. radio frequency power source output signal angular frequency；ω0Represent the natural oscillation angular frequency of accelerator radio-frequency cavity；J represents the imaginary unit of plural number, is the square root of-1；
When Time,
Δ ω represents natural oscillation angular frequency and radio frequency power source the output direct difference on the frequency of signal angular frequency, i.e. the Tune-out angle frequency of accelerator radio-frequency cavity of accelerator radio-frequency cavity.Relation between Tune-out angle frequency Δ ω and off-resonance frequency Δ H is 2 π × Δ H=Δ ω.
It should be noted that by radio-frequency cavity load impedance ZLComputing formula, i.e. formula one, known, if wanting to try to achieve load impedance, need to measure accurately amplitude and the phase information of incidence wave and echo in radio-frequency power feeder system, in order to reduce measurement error as far as possible, forward and reverse coefficient of coup of directional coupler must keep consistent, the sampling channel of two paths of signals, namely by the directional coupler input port to AD sampling A/D chip, Striking symmetry must be kept, additionally need the phase contrast calibrated from directional coupler signal extraction position to radio-frequency cavity.
In order to test the detection method of this example, this example adopts the radio-frequency cavity of a simulation to be verified, wherein the center resonant frequency of radio-frequency cavity designs at 324MHz, the structure of analog radio frequency resonator cavity is as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, simulation resonator cavity is made up of four main parts, collet 1, base plate 2, resonator cavity main body 3 and resonant frequency adjusting rod 4；Collet 1 is four aluminum round bars, supports whole resonator cavity；Resonator cavity main body 3, i.e. copper cylinder above collet 1；Being base plate 2 between collet 1 resonant cavity main body 3, resonator cavity main body 3 is shrouded and is fixed on a base plate 2, on a base plate 2, has two SMA interfaces, and one of them is radio-frequency power input feed port, and another is the pick-up sample port of radio-frequency cavity field；Resonant frequency adjusting rod 4 is arranged in the top cover of resonator cavity main body 1, has two resonant frequency adjusting rods, and one of them is for resonant frequency coarse adjustment, and for the resonant frequency of coarse adjustment resonator cavity, another is finely to regulate for resonant frequency.Collet 1 and the resonator cavity main body 3 of resonator cavity are linked together by screw rod, two resonant frequency adjusting rods 4 extend into resonator cavity main body 3 inside, regulate resonant frequency adjusting rod 4 by two outside threaded rods and extend into the length in resonator cavity main body 3, change the internal structure of resonator cavity, thus changing the resonant frequency of resonator cavity.
In the hope of simulating the coefficient of coup of two power coupling apertures of resonator cavity, and the nonloaded Q of simulation resonator cavity, i.e. Q can be extrapolated by coupled system and loaded Q by Fig. 61,2,3,4 four point0Represent the nonloaded Q of accelerator radio-frequency cavity, for formula:In.Wherein, it is labeled as the point of 4 for measuring the coefficient of coup 2.32 of first coupling aperture, is labeled as the point of 1 for measuring the coefficient of coup 1.59 of second coupling aperture.
In order to adopt the design of this example to calculate the off-resonance frequency obtaining radio-frequency cavity, it is necessary first to test obtains the Q of cavity0Value.The Q of this radio-frequency cavity0Value is obtained by vector network analyzer test, concrete, and what first pass through vector network analyzer test cavity has load QLValue, test result as shown in Figure 6, QL=2584.9, the degree of coupling β of two ports1And β2Respectively 3.32 and 1.59, by formula Q0=QL*(1/β1+1/β2) calculate obtain cavity Q0Value is 5326.In Fig. 6, abscissa is the swept frequency range of audiofrequency spectrometer, from 323.901MHz frequency sweep to 324.101MHz；Vertical coordinate is the watt level of signal.The simulation resonator cavity of this example has an input port and an output port；In Fig. 6, S21 curve represents the value measuring S21, and S11 curve represents the value measuring S11, and S22 curve represents the value measuring S22, and in this example, we have only to three values in care figure: Q-value, i.e. loaded Q 2587.1；1 point of S11 curve, value is 2.32；1 point of S22 curve, value is 1.59, utilizes these three value to calculate the nonloaded Q of simulation resonator cavity, i.e. Q0Value.
The signal amplitude 7dBm of RF pumping signal, frequency 324MHz, this signal passes through radio-frequency cable, it is sent in two directional couplers being together in series, the CoaxialDirectionalCoupler that NARDA company produces selected by directional coupler, model is Narda3000-10, the degree of coupling is-10dBm, one of them directional coupler is coupled out incoming signal, another directional coupler is coupled out reflected signal, the connection of directional coupler is as shown in Figure 7, in Fig. 7, A end is radiofrequency signal input port, B end is radiofrequency signal delivery outlet, C end is echo coupling aperture, D end is incidence wave coupling aperture.Then the two paths of signals that directional coupler couples is sent in analog down, obtains for intermediate-freuqncy signal of sampling.
Two-way intermediate-freuqncy signal sends into the digital quadrature-sampling carrying out quadruple in AD sampling A/D chip, then sampled data is sent in fpga chip, fpga chip carries out numeral IQ demodulation, then passing through demodulation I/Q signal out and calculate the amplitude and the phase place that obtain two waveforms, the digital signal processing algorithm within fpga chip is as shown in Figure 8.
In Fig. 8, incidence wave and forward signal in figure, and reverse signal in echo and figure, it is sent in AD sampling A/D chip, sample frequency is 4 times of signal frequency, then AD sampling is obtained digital signal and is sent in FPGA, in FPGA, the digital quantity of AD sampling is decoded, I is produced after decoding, Q sequence, then rotates matrix again and goes the computing of direct current, obtaining the I of incidence wave and the echo sampled, Q-value, then according to amplitude formulaPhase place formulaAmplitude and the phase information of incidence wave and echo can be calculated respectively, according to radio-frequency cavity impedance computation formula and off-resonance frequency computing formula, it is possible to try to achieve the off-resonance frequency of radio-frequency cavity.
In fpga chip, by the amplitude of the numeral incidence wave that obtains of IQ demodulation method and echo and phase information, then calculate impedance Z according to formula oneL, calculate off-resonance frequency by formula two.This example is concrete, and the incidence wave obtain IQ demodulation and amplitude and the phase information of echo are sent in industrial computer by Ethernet, run formula one and formula two, complete the calculating of off-resonance frequency in industrial computer, and result of calculation is as shown in table 1.
In order to verify the accuracy of this example detection method, this example also adopts Network Analyzer directly to test the off-resonance frequency of radio-frequency cavity, and test result is as shown in table 1.
It should be noted that Network Analyzer can only test the situation in cold chamber, namely do not add the situation of radio-frequency power, be generally used for off-line test result is analyzed, and can not be real-time carry out on-line testing.And the method for the detection accelerator radio-frequency cavity off-resonance frequency of this example, can the off-resonance frequency of on-line testing accelerating cavity, namely after radio-frequency power delivers to radio-frequency cavity, the off-resonance frequency of accelerating cavity is tested either directly through incidence wave and echo, it is desirably integrated in radio frequency power source system, for carrying out on-line analysis, or for, in accelerator tuning system, accelerator radio-frequency cavity being tuned in real time.
Table 1 off-resonance frequency test result
| The off-resonance frequency (Hz) of the example method detection | The off-resonance frequency (Hz) of Network Analyzer test |
| -51180 | -50000 |
| -44356 | -43000 |
| -41106 | -41000 |
| -38979 | -39000 |
| -32205 | -34500 |
| -28579 | -30000 |
| -24711 | -25500 |
| -20375 | -22500 |
| -16226 | -18000 |
| -12230 | -13500 |
| -9408 | -10500 |
| -5481 | -4500 |
| -2211 | -1500 |
| -1112 | -1250 |
| 2656 | 3000 |
| 5812 | 5500 8 --> |
| 8308 | 8500 |
| 10377 | 11000 |
| 13101 | 14500 |
| 15458 | 16500 |
| 17957 | 19500 |
| 21072 | 22500 |
| 25088 | 26500 |
| 28040 | 28500 |
| 32019 | 33000 |
| 36449 | 38500 |
| 40311 | 41000 |
| 43262 | 45500 |
| 47413 | 47000 |
| 51694 | 51000 |
| 57445 | 56000 |
| 59643 | 57000 |
Two kinds of method testing results show, off-resonance frequency value measured under the off resonance state that radio-frequency cavity is different is coincide, and error is within 3KHz, and relative to the radiofrequency signal of 324MHz, certainty of measurement reaches 0.009 ‰.Visible, the method for the off-resonance frequency of the detection accelerator radio-frequency cavity of this example can detect the off-resonance frequency of radio-frequency cavity accurately.
Above content is further description the application made in conjunction with specific embodiment, it is impossible to assert the application be embodied as be confined to these explanations.For the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field, under the premise conceived without departing from the application, it is also possible to make some simple deduction or replace, all should be considered as belonging to the protection domain of the application.
Claims (6)
1. the method detecting accelerator radio-frequency cavity off-resonance frequency, it is characterized in that: include utilizing directional coupler sampling to obtain the incidence wave in the radio-frequency power feeder system of accelerator radio-frequency cavity and echo, then pass through IQ demodulation and obtain amplitude and the reference phase of two paths of signals, by the impedance of formula one computation accelerator radio-frequency cavity, calculate the off-resonance frequency obtaining accelerator radio-frequency cavity again through formula two；
Formula one:
Formula two:
Wherein, ZLFor accelerator radio frequency resonant cavity impedance,For the magnitude of voltage of load impedance,For the current value of load impedance, Z0For the characteristic impedance of power transmission system,For Z1The magnitude of voltage of position incidence wave,For Z2The magnitude of voltage of position echo, e be plural number exponential form representation in the truth of a matter of natural logrithm, γ (Z1-L) represent the ripple propagated along Z axis negative direction from Z1Point arrives the phase contrast of load end ,-γ (Z2-L) represent the ripple propagated along the positive aspect of Z axis from Z2Point is to the phase contrast of load end, and γ is complex propagation constant；
ω is radio frequency power source output signal angular frequency, ω0Natural oscillation angular frequency for accelerator radio-frequency cavity；△ ω is the off-resonance frequency of accelerating cavity, namely the difference on the frequency between radio frequency power source output signal angular frequency and the natural mode shape of accelerating cavity, Q0For the unloaded quality factor of accelerating cavity, YLRepresent load admittance, load admittance YLIt it is accelerator radio-frequency cavity impedance ZLInverse, YL iFor load admittance YLImaginary part, YL rFor load admittance YLReal part, π is pi, and Δ H is off-resonance frequency；
Further, YL、ZL、YL iAnd YL rMeet formula three,
Formula three:
Wherein, j represents the imaginary unit of plural number, is the square root of-1.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described utilize directional coupler sampling to obtain the incidence wave in the radio-frequency power feeder system of accelerator radio-frequency cavity and echo, it is specially, adopt the directional coupler of at least two series connection, one directional coupler is used for coupling incoming signal, one directional coupler is for coupled reflection signal, the incoming signal of coupling and reflected signal are transported in analog down, respectively obtain the intermediate-freuqncy signal of incoming signal and reflected signal, intermediate-freuqncy signal is transported in AD sampling A/D chip and carries out quadruple digital quadrature-sampling, i.e. I, Q samples, obtain the I of incoming signal and reflected signal, Q-value.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described amplitude and the reference phase being obtained two paths of signals by IQ demodulation, specifically, the I of sampling, Q-value are transported in fpga chip and carry out IQ demodulation, it is thus achieved that the amplitude of incidence wave and echo and reference phase.
4. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: in the directional coupler of described at least two series connection, forward and reverse coefficient of coup of directional coupler keeps consistent, and, directional coupler keeps Striking symmetry to the transfer passage of AD sampling A/D chip.
5. the method according to any one of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: the described impedance by formula one computation accelerator radio-frequency cavity, the off-resonance frequency obtaining accelerator radio-frequency cavity is calculated again through formula two, can being calculated in industrial computer, industrial computer is by directly exporting off-resonance frequency after calculating.
6. the device detecting accelerator radio-frequency cavity off-resonance frequency, it is characterized in that: described device includes IQ sampling component, IQ demodulation chip and industrial computer, connected by signal between IQ sampling component and IQ demodulation chip, connected by signal between IQ demodulation chip and industrial computer；
Described IQ sampling component includes directional coupler group, analog down and the AD sampling A/D chip that signal connects；Directional coupler group, is made up of the directional coupler of two series connection, and a directional coupler is used for coupling incoming signal, and another directional coupler is used for coupled reflection signal；Analog down, for the incoming signal of directional coupler group coupling and reflected signal are carried out down-converted, obtains the intermediate-freuqncy signal of incoming signal and reflected signal respectively；AD sampling A/D chip is for carrying out quadruple digital quadrature-sampling to intermediate-freuqncy signal, it is thus achieved that incoming signal and the I of reflected signal, Q-value；
Described IQ demodulation chip is fpga chip, carries out IQ demodulation for I, the Q-value that AD sampling A/D chip is obtained, it is thus achieved that the amplitude of incidence wave and echo and reference phase；
Amplitude that described industrial computer obtains according to IQ demodulation chip and reference phase, by the impedance of formula one computation accelerator radio-frequency cavity, by the off-resonance frequency of formula two computation accelerator radio-frequency cavity；
Formula one:
Formula two:
Wherein, ZLFor accelerator radio frequency resonant cavity impedance,For the magnitude of voltage of load impedance,For the current value of load impedance, Z0For the characteristic impedance of power transmission system,For Z1The magnitude of voltage of position incidence wave,For Z2The magnitude of voltage of position echo, e be plural number exponential form representation in the truth of a matter of natural logrithm, γ (Z1-L) represent the ripple propagated along Z axis negative direction from Z1Point arrives the phase contrast of load end ,-γ (Z2-L) represent the ripple propagated along the positive aspect of Z axis from Z2Point is to the phase contrast of load end, and γ is complex propagation constant；
ω is radio frequency power source output signal angular frequency, ω0Natural oscillation angular frequency for accelerator radio-frequency cavity；△ ω is the off-resonance frequency of accelerating cavity, namely the difference on the frequency between radio frequency power source output signal angular frequency and the natural mode shape of accelerating cavity, Q0For the unloaded quality factor of accelerating cavity, YLRepresent load admittance, load admittance YLIt it is accelerator radio-frequency cavity impedance ZLInverse, YL iFor load admittance YLImaginary part, YL rFor load admittance YLReal part, π is pi, and Δ H is off-resonance frequency；
Further, YL、ZL、YL iAnd YL rMeet formula three,
Formula three:
Wherein, j represents the imaginary unit of plural number, is the square root of-1.
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