CN105803267A - Aluminium-based composite material used for nuclear reactors to shield neutrons and gamma rays as well as preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminium-based composite material used for nuclear reactors to shield neutrons and gamma rays as well as preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of composite shielding material technology, and especially relates to an aluminium-based composite material used for nuclear reactors to shield neutrons and gamma rays as well as a preparation method thereof. The composite material employs pure aluminium as a basis material, and shielding components are tungsten and boron carbide; the mass percent of tungsten is 20-70%; the mass percent of boron carbide is 1-10%; the balances are aluminium and unavoidable impurities. The aluminium-based composite material with certain mechanical strength as well as excellent nuclear reactor neutron and gamma ray irradiation resisting properties is developed by using an isostatic compaction method according to needs of some nuclear power reactors; the material whose thickness is 10cm can ensure that the transmittance of gamma rays whose power spectrum is 0.1-2MeV is reduced to 20% or less, and at the same time absorption effects of the composite material to thermal neutrons are substantially obvious.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to composite shielding material technical field, shield neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite and preparation method particularly to one.
Background technology
Along with the popularization and application of nuclear technology, the research of nuclear radiation shield problem is also affected by extensive attention.In the radiation that reactor produces, endangering maximum is the neutron and gamma-rays that penetration power is big.The main task of nuclear screening design shields neutron and gamma-rays exactly.Although neutron neutral, but there is very strong penetration power, it is in air and other material, it is possible to propagate farther distance, and the x-ray of the hazard ratio same dose that human body produces is even more serious.Conventional shielding material is formed by containing materials such as heavy element (such as lead), light element (hydrogen in water) and neutron-absorbing materials (entering boron).Added with the shielding material that the concrete of barite or iron ore is also conventional.But nuclear reactor shielding material conventional at present all also exists some defects in some performance, mechanical property, heat resistance and processability etc., causes that the combination property of material is poor.
The present invention adopts isostatic pressing method to prepare thermal neutron has good Absorption, gamma-rays is had good attenuation, and the composite that mechanical property, heat resistance and machinability are good, the abundant expansion of nuclear reactor shielding material is had great importance.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide and a kind of thermal neutron is had good Absorption, gamma-rays is had good attenuation, and take into account the used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite of good mechanical property, heat resistance and processing characteristics simultaneously.
Not enough for prior art, the invention provides a kind of shielding neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite and preparation method.
It is an object of the invention to be achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of shielding neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite, this material adopts fine aluminium as matrix material, and screening component is tungsten and boron carbide；Wherein the mass percent of tungsten is 20%～70%；The mass percent of boron carbide is 1%～10%；Surplus is aluminum and impurity.
A kind of preparation method shielding neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite, adopts isostatic pressing method, comprises the steps:
A, weigh each material powder by composition proportion；
When b, argon shield by step a material powder batch mixing；
C, step b gained compound is carried out cold isostatic compaction；
D, by step c gained isostatic cool pressing billet load aluminum jacket carry out jacket, gained blank carries out hip moulding after high-temperature degassing；
E, removal aluminum jacket, obtain a kind of shielding neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite.
In step b, adopting Double cone mixer to carry out batch mixing, abrasive media is bearing ball, and the percent of abrasive media quality and material powder gross mass is 1:1, and mixing time is 24～48 hours.
In step c, (at room temperature carrying out) adopting rubber package set by hydraulic medium (antiwear hydraulic oil) and compound isolation in isostatic cool pressing process, isostatic cool pressing pressure is 150MPa～200MPa, and the dwell time is 10min～40min.
In step d, gained blank after jacket is carried out degasification by described high-temperature degassing process at 400 DEG C～450 DEG C temperature, when in jacket, vacuum reaches 2 × 10-3Pa and vacuum are maintained at after this level is incubated 3 hours and are sealed by blank.
In step d, described hip temperature be 490 DEG C～570 DEG C (in this temperature range, all can prepare consistency height, the shielding neutron of good mechanical properties and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite), pressure is 70MPa～120MPa, transmission medium is argon, pressurize 2～6 hours.
The invention have the benefit that
The present invention according to some power producer need adopt isostatic pressing method have developed to there is certain mechanical strength and there is anti-nuclear reactor neutron and the aluminum matrix composite of gamma-ray irradiation of excellence, the gamma-rays transmitance that the composite of the present invention of 10cm thickness can make power spectrum be 0.1MeV～2MeV is down to less than 20%, and composite is also quite obvious to the assimilation effect of thermal neutron simultaneously.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention provides a kind of shielding neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite and preparation method, below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention will be further described.
A kind of shielding neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite, it is characterised in that this material adopts fine aluminium as matrix material, and screening component is tungsten and boron carbide；Wherein the mass percent of tungsten is 20%～70%；The mass percent of boron carbide is 1%～10%；Surplus is aluminum and inevitable impurity.
The preparation process of described shielding neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite comprises the steps:
A, weigh pure aluminium powder, tungsten powder and boron carbide powder by the composition proportion of described shielding neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite；
B, employing bipyramid efficient material mixer carry out batch mixing, pour argon shield in batch mixing process, and abrasive media is bearing ball, and the percent of abrasive media quality and material powder gross mass is 1:1, and mixing time is 24～48 hours；
C, employing isostatic cool pressing method compacting isostatic pressed billet, isostatic cool pressing process adopt rubber package set by hydraulic medium (antiwear hydraulic oil) and the isolation of step b gained compound, isostatic cool pressing pressure is 150MPa～200MPa, and the dwell time is 10min～40min；
D, step c gained isostatic cool pressing billet is repaired into regular shape after adopt pure aluminum sheets prepare jacket；
E, gained blank after jacket is carried out degasification at 400 DEG C～450 DEG C temperature, when in jacket, vacuum reaches 2 × 10-3Pa and vacuum are maintained at after this level is incubated 3 hours and are sealed by blank；
Blank after deairing and sealing is pressed into final ingot by f, employing high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) method, and hip temperature is 490 DEG C～570 DEG C, and pressure is 70MPa～120MPa, and transmission medium is argon, and the dwell time is 2～6 hours；
G, removal aluminum jacket, obtain a kind of shielding neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite.Embodiment 1
Configuration powder, the mass percent of aluminium powder is 35%, the mass percent of tungsten powder and boron carbide powder respectively 55% and 10%.Adopting bipyramid efficient material mixer to carry out batch mixing, pour argon shield in batch mixing process, batch mixer rotating speed is 60 revs/min, and abrasive media is bearing ball, and the percentage ratio of abrasive media quality and material powder gross mass is 1:1, and mixing time is 24 hours.Gained compound is packed into isostatic cool pressing billet mould, adopts isostatic cool pressing method to be pressed into isostatic cool pressing billet, and pressure is 150MPa, pressurize 1 hour, and isostatic cool pressing billet consistency is approximately the 80% of theoretical consistency.Weld isostatic cool pressing billet jacket with fine aluminium, and carry out degasification, encapsulation at 450 DEG C.Blank after deairing and sealing carries out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), and hip temperature is 520 DEG C, and pressure is 100MPa, pressurize 4 hours.Removing fine aluminium jacket, obtain a kind of shielding neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite, its consistency is the 100% of theoretical consistency.
Taking shielding neutron thick for 10cm and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite sheet material carries out the test of shielding properties, test result shows that energy is that the gamma-ray shield effectiveness of 0.1MeV～2MeV reaches more than 90% by it, and the absorbent properties of thermal neutron are excellent.
Embodiment 2
Configuration powder, the mass percent of aluminium powder is 29%, the mass percent of tungsten powder and boron carbide powder respectively 70% and 1%.Adopting bipyramid efficient material mixer to carry out batch mixing, pour argon shield in batch mixing process, batch mixer rotating speed is 60 revs/min, and abrasive media is bearing ball, and the percentage ratio of abrasive media quality and material powder gross mass is 1:1, and mixing time is 24 hours.Gained compound is packed into isostatic pressed billet mould, adopts isostatic cool pressing method to be pressed into isostatic pressed billet, and pressure is 200MPa, pressurize 1 hour, and isostatic pressed billet consistency is approximately the 85% of theoretical consistency.Weld isostatic pressed billet jacket with fine aluminium, and carry out degasification, encapsulation at 450 DEG C.Blank after deairing and sealing carries out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), and hip temperature is 550 DEG C, and pressure is 100MPa, pressurize 4 hours.Removing fine aluminium jacket, obtain a kind of shielding neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite, its consistency is the 100% of theoretical consistency.
Taking shielding neutron thick for 10cm and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite sheet material carries out the test of shielding properties, test result shows that energy is that the gamma-ray shield effectiveness of 0.1MeV～2MeV reaches more than 90% by it, and the absorbent properties of thermal neutron are better.
Embodiment 3
Configuration powder, the mass percent of aluminium powder is 70%, the mass percent of tungsten powder and boron carbide powder respectively 20% and 10%.Adopting bipyramid efficient material mixer to carry out batch mixing, pour argon shield in batch mixing process, batch mixer rotating speed is 60 revs/min, and abrasive media is bearing ball, and the percentage ratio of abrasive media quality and material powder gross mass is 1:1, and mixing time is 24 hours.Gained compound is packed into isostatic pressed billet mould, adopts isostatic cool pressing method to be pressed into isostatic pressed billet, and pressure is 180MPa, pressurize 1 hour, and isostatic pressed billet consistency is approximately the 85% of theoretical consistency.Weld isostatic pressed billet jacket with fine aluminium, and carry out degasification, encapsulation at 400 DEG C.Blank after deairing and sealing carries out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), and isostatic pressed temperature is 570 DEG C, and pressure is 100MPa, pressurize 4 hours.Removing fine aluminium jacket, obtain a kind of shielding neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite, its consistency is the 100% of theoretical consistency.
Taking shielding neutron thick for 10cm and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite sheet material carries out the test of shielding properties, test result shows that energy is that the gamma-ray shield effectiveness of 0.1MeV～2MeV reaches more than 60% by it, and the absorbent properties of thermal neutron are excellent.
Embodiment 4
Configuration powder, the mass percent of aluminium powder is 50%, the mass percent of tungsten powder and boron carbide powder respectively 45% and 5%.Adopting bipyramid efficient material mixer to carry out batch mixing, pour argon shield in batch mixing process, batch mixer rotating speed is 60 revs/min, and abrasive media is bearing ball, and the percentage ratio of abrasive media quality and material powder gross mass is 1:1, and mixing time is 24 hours.Gained compound is packed into isostatic pressed billet mould, adopts isostatic cool pressing method to be pressed into isostatic pressed billet, and pressure is 180MPa, pressurize 1 hour, and isostatic pressed billet consistency is approximately the 85% of theoretical consistency.Weld isostatic pressed billet jacket with fine aluminium, and carry out degasification, encapsulation at 420 DEG C.Blank after deairing and sealing carries out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), and isostatic pressed temperature is 490 DEG C, and pressure is 100MPa, pressurize 4 hours.Removing fine aluminium jacket, obtain a kind of shielding neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite, its consistency is the 99% of theoretical consistency.
Taking shielding neutron thick for 10cm and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite sheet material carries out the test of shielding properties, test result shows that energy is that the gamma-ray shield effectiveness of 0.1MeV～2MeV reaches more than 80% by it, and the absorbent properties of thermal neutron are excellent.
Embodiment 5
Configuration powder, the mass percent of aluminium powder is 60%, the mass percent of tungsten powder and boron carbide powder respectively 35% and 5%.Adopting bipyramid efficient material mixer to carry out batch mixing, pour argon shield in batch mixing process, batch mixer rotating speed is 60 revs/min, and abrasive media is bearing ball, and the percentage ratio of abrasive media quality and material powder gross mass is 1:1, and mixing time is 24 hours.Gained compound is packed into isostatic pressed billet mould, adopts isostatic cool pressing method to be pressed into isostatic pressed billet, and pressure is 180MPa, pressurize 1 hour, and isostatic pressed billet consistency is approximately the 85% of theoretical consistency.Weld isostatic pressed billet jacket with fine aluminium, and carry out degasification, encapsulation at 420 DEG C.Blank after deairing and sealing carries out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), and isostatic pressed temperature is 500 DEG C, and pressure is 100MPa, pressurize 4 hours.Removing fine aluminium jacket, obtain a kind of shielding neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite, its consistency is the 100% of theoretical consistency.
Taking shielding neutron thick for 10cm and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite sheet material carries out the test of shielding properties, test result shows that energy is that the gamma-ray shield effectiveness of 0.1MeV～2MeV reaches more than 70% by it, and the absorbent properties of thermal neutron are excellent.
Embodiment 6
Configuration powder, the mass percent of aluminium powder is 40%, the mass percent of tungsten powder and boron carbide powder respectively 50% and 10%.Adopting bipyramid efficient material mixer to carry out batch mixing, pour argon shield in batch mixing process, batch mixer rotating speed is 60 revs/min, and abrasive media is bearing ball, and the percentage ratio of abrasive media quality and material powder gross mass is 1:1, and mixing time is 24 hours.Gained compound is packed into isostatic pressed billet mould, adopts isostatic cool pressing method to be pressed into isostatic pressed billet, and pressure is 180MPa, pressurize 1 hour, and isostatic pressed billet consistency is approximately the 85% of theoretical consistency.Weld isostatic pressed billet jacket with fine aluminium, and carry out degasification, encapsulation at 420 DEG C.Blank after deairing and sealing carries out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), and isostatic pressed temperature is 550 DEG C, and pressure is 100MPa, pressurize 4 hours.Removing fine aluminium jacket, obtain a kind of shielding neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite, its consistency is the 100% of theoretical consistency.
Taking shielding neutron thick for 10cm and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite sheet material carries out the test of shielding properties, test result shows that energy is that the gamma-ray shield effectiveness of 0.1MeV～2MeV reaches more than 80% by it, and the absorbent properties of thermal neutron are excellent.
The aluminium base one with neutron and gamma ray shielding function prepared by above-mentioned experimental program is adopted to shield neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite, thermal neutron has good Absorption, and the gamma-ray shield effectiveness that energy is 0.1MeV～2MeV energy by its 10cm thickness composite reaches more than 60%.This ingot is possible not only to directly be processed into required part, for shielded nucleus reactor irradiation, it is also possible to carries out extruding, forge, the secondary operations such as rolling, is processed into required bar, tubing and sheet material etc..
Claims (6)
1. a shielding neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite, it is characterised in that this material adopts fine aluminium as matrix material, and screening component is tungsten and boron carbide；Wherein the mass percent of tungsten is 20%～70%；The mass percent of boron carbide is 1%～10%；Surplus is aluminum and impurity.
2. a kind of preparation method shielding neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that adopt isostatic pressing method, comprise the steps:
A, weigh each material powder by composition proportion；
When b, argon shield by step a material powder batch mixing；
C, step b gained compound is carried out cold isostatic compaction；
D, by step c gained isostatic cool pressing billet load aluminum jacket carry out jacket, gained blank carries out hip moulding after high-temperature degassing；
E, removal aluminum jacket, obtain a kind of shielding neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite.
3. a kind of preparation method shielding neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, in step b, Double cone mixer is adopted to carry out batch mixing, abrasive media is bearing ball, the percentage ratio of abrasive media quality and material powder gross mass is 1:1, and mixing time is 24～48 hours.
4. a kind of preparation method shielding neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, in step c, isostatic cool pressing process adopt rubber package set by hydraulic medium and compound isolation, isostatic cool pressing pressure is 150MPa～200MPa, and the dwell time is 10min～40min.
5. a kind of preparation method shielding neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, in step d, gained blank after jacket is carried out degasification by described high-temperature degassing process at 400 DEG C～450 DEG C temperature, when in jacket, vacuum reaches 2 × 10-3Pa and vacuum are maintained at after this level is incubated 3 hours and are sealed by blank.
6. a kind of preparation method shielding neutron and gamma-ray used by nuclear reactor aluminum matrix composite according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in step d, described hip temperature is 490 DEG C～570 DEG C, pressure is 70MPa～120MPa, and transmission medium is argon, pressurize 2～6 hours.
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| CN106566013A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-04-19 | 哈尔滨汉盾辐射防护技术开发有限公司 | Anti-X, gamma ray and neutron radiation shielding material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106947888A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-07-14 | 安泰核原新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of high-energy ray shielding composite and preparation method thereof |
| CN108057895A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-22 | 太原理工大学 | The preparation method of nuclear reactor degraded neutron composite material tubular part |
| CN108330415A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-07-27 | 安徽省鸣新材料科技有限公司 | It is a kind of to be used to shield foamed aluminium of gamma ray and preparation method thereof |
| CN108504909A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-09-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of aluminum-base compound shielding material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109402477A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-01 | 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 | Shield the aluminum matrix composite and preparation method of high dose gamma-rays and thermal neutron |
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| CN109967732A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-07-05 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of high temperature resistant neutron irradiation shielding material and preparation method thereof |
| CN110643859A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2020-01-03 | 厦门大学 | Aluminum-based composite material containing gadolinium-tungsten element and application thereof |
| CN111014650A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-04-17 | 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 | High-tungsten-content amorphous spherical iron-based powder for shielding gamma rays and neutrons and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112779455A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2021-05-11 | 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of high-density boron-containing composite material |
| CN114453586A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-05-10 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Preparation method of tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding plate with high tungsten content |
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