CN105784835A - System and method for measuring damage degree of petroleum drill pipes - Google Patents
System and method for measuring damage degree of petroleum drill pipes Download PDFInfo
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- CN105784835A CN105784835A CN201410828001.5A CN201410828001A CN105784835A CN 105784835 A CN105784835 A CN 105784835A CN 201410828001 A CN201410828001 A CN 201410828001A CN 105784835 A CN105784835 A CN 105784835A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and method for measuring the damage degree of petroleum drill pipes.The system comprises a marking device, a reading device and a computing device; the marking device is used for conducting magnetic heat treatment on specific parts of the drill pipes; the reading device is used for detecting magnetic characteristic changes of the specific parts; the computing device is used for acquiring codes of the drill pipes according to position, width and/or magnetic anomaly amplitude information of magnetic marks, tracking accumulative working time of the drill pipes with different codes under various working conditions, and computing the damage degree of the drill pipes.The system and method have the advantages that implementation is simple, several magnetic marks are formed, the working conditions of the drill pipes are tracked according to the codes formed by the magnetic marks, and the damage degree of the drill pipes is computed; automatic on-site reading of the codes can be easily realized in the drilling process; alteration of the physical dimensions of the drill pipes can be avoided, the strength of the drill pipes will not be reduced, and the material strength can be improved by means of magnetic heat treatment; expansibility is high, and the method can be combined with other measuring methods without mutual exclusion; the magnetic codes can be erased and modified similarly through the magnetic heat treatment method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measurement system and method for oil drill rocker degree of injury.
Background technology
In prior art, oil drill rocker is the important tool of drillng operation, the length of every drilling rod is about 10 meters, more piece drilling rod is connected in screw thread mode, bottom is connected with BHA, and top connection side's drilling rod, the fire hose are first-class, and mud passes through Drill-pipe conveyed to down-hole, in the drillng operation adopting rotating disk to bore, drilling rod the moment of torsion of rig is passed to the drill bit of down-hole.Drilling rod is part the longest in drill string composition.Drilling rod needs in down-hole to stand pulling force, pressure, torsion, vibration, friction, drilling fluid corrosion, it is necessary to periodic detection, occurs that fatigue of materials, corrosion and abrasion need to eliminate in time, is consumption the best part in drilling equipment.At present the periodic detection content of drilling rod is included nondestructive inspection, Thickness sensitivity and the visual inspection etc. to drilling rod surfaces externally and internally.Existing detection technique is it appeared that millimetre-sized defect.The Drill Pipe Washout caused for stress fatigue and corrosion and fracture, be grown up by the micro-crack of material internal at first mostly.These micro-cracks may result in drilling rod and fracture or thorn leakage occur suddenly in down-hole, is difficult to find these micro-cracks by inspection technique in advance.
According to fracture mechanics and damage mechanics theory, generation and propagation law to drilling rod fatigue crack can be calculated and predict.As mentioned above, the generation of fatigue crack and extension are subject to the impact of multiple stress, realizing the accuracy calculating and predicting, precondition is to measure and to record the various stress that every drilling rod stands in drillng operation, and this is also unrealized in current drillng operation.Therefore existing calculating and analytical work concentrate on the research of the overall rule aspect to fatigue life.
If able to drilling rod is carried out identification and files by root, it is possible to know the time that every drilling rod is worked under different stress conditions, draw the degree of fatigue of each drilling rod thereby through Theoretical Calculation and emulation.Thus before drilling rod lesion development to the degree that can be detected by defect-detecting equipment, drilling rod damage situations can be understood in time.In prior art, the technical scheme of drilling rod identification includes: one, main flow way is to beat numbering at tool joint place steel stamp.This mode is difficult to machine automatically identifying and reading, additionally easily stains mud and greasy dirt, also easily frayed.Two, in tool joint, embed electronic chip, wherein store the numbering of drilling rod, by contact or contactless reading device, read this numbering.The electronic chip adopted in this scheme is difficult to work long hours when down-hole high temperature and high vibration, and spoilage is high.Three, mounting bar shape code (including two-dimensional bar code) in tool joint.Bar code equally exists and easily stains and shortcoming easy to wear.In a word, lack a kind of reliability height at present and be easy to the oil drill rocker personal identification method of recognition, thus being difficult to the accurate measurement to drilling rod fatigue damage.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, it is provided that a kind of measuring method for oil drill rocker degree of injury, it is not only measured accurately, and cost is low, easily uses.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of measurement system for oil drill rocker degree of injury, it is characterised in that including: marking device, for the specific portion of drilling rod is carried out magnetic-field heat treatment；Reading device, for detecting the magnetic characteristic change of described specific portion；Calculation element, for when the exceptional value of magnetic characteristic being detected, the magnetic marker of drilling rod then detected, drilling rod coding is obtained by the position of described magnetic marker, width and/or magnetic anomaly amplitude information, described drilling rod coding is associated with the engineering parameter of drillng operation, to follow the tracks of the service condition of drilling rod, and/or set up the electronic record of described drilling rod, so that it is determined that the degree of injury of described drilling rod.
Further, described marking device includes: temperature conditioning unit and Energizing unit, wherein, temperature conditioning unit, for being heated described specific portion, using as magnetic marker region, and when being applied magnetic field by described Energizing unit, described magnetic marker region is incubated, then, carry out controlled cooling, to form magnetic marker；Energizing unit, for applying the magnetic field of specific direction on described magnetic marker region, when described magnetic marker region is positioned on the shaft of drilling rod, described specific direction is the magnetic field consistent with the axial direction of drilling rod；When described magnetic marker region is positioned on the joint of drilling rod, described specific direction is the radial direction along joint.
Further, described reading device includes: coil and/or Hall element.
Further, described reading device includes sensor or sensor array, and described sensor ring is arranged around drilling rod, or is arranged at medial surface or the lateral surface of drilling rod.
Further, described reading device also includes photoelectric encoder, for measuring axial width and the axial location of magnetic marker axially aligned on drilling rod shaft.
Further, also including the working condition measuring device being connected with described calculation element, described working condition measuring device includes for measuring pulling force, pressure, moment of torsion, vibration, mud pressure, the engineering parameter sensor of drilling fluid corrosiveness or sensor combinations.
Another object of the present invention also resides in a kind of measuring method for oil drill rocker degree of injury of offer, it is characterised in that including: the specific portion of drilling rod is carried out magnetic-field heat treatment；Detect the magnetic characteristic change of described specific portion；When the exceptional value of magnetic characteristic being detected, the magnetic marker of drilling rod then detected, drilling rod coding is obtained by the position of described magnetic marker, width and/or magnetic anomaly amplitude information, described drilling rod coding is associated with the engineering parameter of drillng operation, to follow the tracks of the service condition of drilling rod, and/or set up the electronic record of described drilling rod, so that it is determined that the degree of injury of described drilling rod.
Further, the described specific portion to drilling rod carries out the step of magnetic-field heat treatment and includes: described specific portion is heated so that it is reach the Curie point of drill rod materials, using as magnetic marker region；Applying the magnetic field of specific direction on described magnetic marker region, when described magnetic marker region is positioned on the shaft of drilling rod, described specific direction is the magnetic field consistent with the axial direction of drilling rod；When described magnetic marker region is positioned on the joint of drilling rod, described specific direction is the radial direction along joint；Under the action of a magnetic field, described magnetic marker region is incubated, then, carries out controlled cooling, to form magnetic marker.
Further, described drilling rod coding includes: encoded radio part and start mark part, wherein, described encoded radio part adopts binary system or multi-system to represent, or adopt Morse code coded system to represent, described start mark part is made up of the hex notation identical with described encoded radio part, or is set to the special marking different from described hex notation；Or, described drilling rod coding includes: encoded radio part, start mark part and error correction or check part, wherein, described encoded radio part adopts binary system or multi-system to represent, or adopts Morse code coded system to represent, described start mark part is made up of the hex notation identical with described encoded radio part, or it being set to the special marking different from described hex notation, described error correction or check part adopt binary system or multi-system to represent, or adopt Morse code coded system to represent.
Further, described calculating drilling rod degree of injury adopts following algorithm:
niFor the cycle-index under i-stage stress level, NiFor the fatigue life under i-stage stress level.
The invention have the benefit that
First, it is achieved simple, less costly, the specific portion of drilling rod is processed so that the magnetic property of this local changes, form several magnetic marker, when the exceptional value of magnetic characteristic being detected, the magnetic marker of drilling rod then detected, the position of magnetic marker, width and/or magnetic anomaly amplitude information obtain drilling rod coding, drilling rod coding is associated with the running parameter of drillng operation, to follow the tracks of the service condition of drilling rod, and/or set up the electronic record of described drilling rod, thus calculating the degree of injury of drilling rod.
Second, autgmentability is strong, can combine with other measuring method, the problem being absent from mutual exclusion, for instance magnetic coding is positioned at drilling rod rod body timesharing, can increase by place's auxiliaring coding in tool joint place, this coding can adopt bar code or electronic chip form, and encoded radio can be identical with the coding of shaft, when drilling rod is at ground release, when reading the magnetic coding inconvenience of shaft, it is possible to read encoded radio from tool joint.
3rd, it is easy in drilling process, realize the automatically on-the-spot recognition to coding；Can avoiding the physical size of drilling rod is modified, will not weaken drilling rod intensity, magnetic-field heat treatment can also improve the strength of materials；Magnetic coding can use the method for magnetic-field heat treatment to carry out wiping and revising equally.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing described herein is used for providing further understanding of the present application, constitutes the part of the application, and the schematic description and description of the application is used for explaining the application, is not intended that the improper restriction to the application.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structure principle chart of the measurement system for oil drill rocker degree of injury of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the example structure schematic diagram of the marking device of system shown in Figure 1；
Fig. 3 is a kind of embodiment schematic diagram of the peripheral encoding of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is a kind of embodiment schematic diagram axial along drilling rod of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of the measuring method for oil drill rocker degree of injury of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
As employed some vocabulary in the middle of description and claim to censure specific components.Those skilled in the art are it is to be appreciated that hardware manufacturer may call same assembly with different nouns.This specification and claims are not used as distinguishing in the way of assembly by the difference of title, but are used as the criterion distinguished with assembly difference functionally." comprising " as mentioned in the middle of description and claim in the whole text is an open language, therefore should be construed to " comprise but be not limited to "." substantially " referring in receivable range of error, those skilled in the art can solve described technical problem within the scope of certain error, basically reaches described technique effect.Description subsequent descriptions is implement the better embodiment of the application, and right described description is for the purpose of the rule so that the application to be described, is not limited to scope of the present application.The protection domain of the application is when being as the criterion depending on the defined person of claims.
Embodiment 1
Refer to Fig. 1, the measurement system for oil drill rocker degree of injury of the present embodiment includes: marking device 100, for the specific portion of drilling rod is carried out magnetic-field heat treatment；Reading device 200, for detecting the magnetic characteristic change of described specific portion；Calculation element 300, for when the exceptional value of magnetic characteristic being detected, the magnetic marker of drilling rod then detected, position by described magnetic marker, width and/or magnetic anomaly amplitude information obtain drilling rod coding, are associated with the running parameter of drillng operation by described drilling rod coding, to follow the tracks of the service condition of drilling rod, and/or set up the electronic record of described drilling rod, so that it is determined that the degree of injury of described drilling rod.
Preferably, described magnetic characteristic includes pcrmeability.
As specific embodiment, described magnetic-field heat treatment includes improving pcrmeability.
Refer to Fig. 2, described marking device includes: temperature conditioning unit 101 and Energizing unit 102, wherein, temperature conditioning unit 101, for described specific portion is heated, using as magnetic marker region, and when being applied magnetic field by described Energizing unit, described magnetic marker region is incubated, then, controlled cooling is carried out；Energizing unit 102, for applying the magnetic field of specific direction on described magnetic marker region, when described magnetic marker region is positioned on the shaft of drilling rod, described specific direction is the magnetic field consistent with the axial direction of drilling rod；When described magnetic marker region is positioned on the joint of drilling rod, described specific direction is the radial direction along joint.
Preferably, described specific portion is heated, can reach or close to the Curie point of material, using as magnetic marker region.
As specific embodiment, magnetic marker region being heated to 780～830 DEG C slightly above Curie point, applying temperature retention time behind magnetic field is 30～60min, controlled is cooled to 300～350 DEG C, is naturally cooling to less than 200 DEG C recession and removes magnetic field, can improve pcrmeability.
Preferably, temperature conditioning unit 101 can include fired heater and attemperator, it would however also be possible to employ alternating current impression heater, or heater strip.
Preferably, Energizing unit 102 can adopt permanent magnet, and described Energizing unit 102 can also adopt logical galvanic coil.Energizing unit 102 applies the direction in magnetic field can axial consistent with drilling rod, it is also possible to applies the magnetic field in other direction.
Preferably, the Core Feature of described reading device is the pcrmeability change of test material.Device may be mounted at well head appropriate location and carries out on-line checking, it would however also be possible to employ portable forms, with hand-held, the drilling rod dismantling ground is detected.
Preferably, described reading device includes: coil, and described coil encircling drilling rod is arranged, or is arranged at the side of drilling rod.
Preferably, described reading device also includes Hall element.
Preferably, described reading device also includes photoelectric encoder, for measuring at the axial width of magnetic marker axially aligned with drilling rod and axial location.
Preferably, described reading device is additionally included in the sensor array circumferentially arranged in tool joint, for measuring width and/or the magnetic anomaly amplitude of the magnetic marker circumferentially arranged on shaft or tool joint.
Preferably, described calculation element includes microprocessor, and it is attached by wired or wireless mode and described reading device, as specific embodiment, it is possible to for industrial computer or DSP.
Preferably, calculation element carries out communication by computer interface and reading device, it is possible to read the detected value of reaction drilling rod pcrmeability in real time.When exceptional value being detected, it is believed that magnetic marker detected, the information such as the position of multiple magnetic marker, width and/or magnetic anomaly amplitude can be encoded.
Preferably, the count value of the coded pulse count value sum counter that reading device is collected is sent to calculation element by communication interface.Calculation element be computed with scale after be translated into data value, so that it may judge the duty that drilling rod is presently in.
As specific embodiment, described calculation element also includes display, and it connects described microprocessor, so that the change of the magnetic characteristic of the specific portion of drilling rod to be displayed.
The present embodiment also provides for a kind of measuring method for oil drill rocker degree of injury, including: S100, the specific portion of drilling rod is carried out magnetic-field heat treatment；S200, detects the magnetic characteristic change of described specific portion；S300, when the exceptional value of magnetic characteristic being detected, the magnetic marker of drilling rod then detected, position by described magnetic marker, width and/or magnetic anomaly amplitude information obtain drilling rod coding, are associated with the running parameter of drillng operation by described drilling rod coding, to follow the tracks of the service condition of drilling rod, and/or set up the electronic record of described drilling rod, so that it is determined that the degree of injury of described drilling rod.
Preferably, the described specific portion to drilling rod carries out the step of magnetic-field heat treatment and includes: described specific portion is heated so that it is reach the Curie point of drill rod materials, using as magnetic marker region；Applying the magnetic field of specific direction on described magnetic marker region, when described magnetic marker region is positioned on the shaft of drilling rod, described specific direction is the magnetic field consistent with the axial direction of drilling rod；When described magnetic marker region is positioned on the joint of drilling rod, described specific direction is the radial direction along joint；Under the action of a magnetic field, described magnetic marker region is incubated, then, carries out controlled cooling, to form magnetic marker.
Preferably, described drilling rod coding includes: encoded radio part, start mark part, error correction or check part, wherein, described encoded radio part adopts binary representation with described error correction or check part, or multi-system represents, described start mark part by with described encoded radio part, and/or error correction or the identical hex notation composition of check part, or be set to the special marking different from described hex notation.
The change direction that magnetic characteristic is abnormal is relevant with the excitation direction adopted in magnetic-field heat treatment, also relevant with the sensor design of reading device.Labelling can be made to present magnetic characteristic accordingly higher or on the low side.
Preferably, the encoded radio part that described drilling rod coding includes adopts binary representation with described error correction or check part, or multi-system represents, described start mark part is made up of logical zero and logic 1, or is the special marking all different from logical zero and logic 1.
Preferably, if using binary representation, it is possible to, but it is not limited to represent with the following methods logical zero and logic 1:
Preferably, at ad-hoc location, having magnetic marker is then logic 1, and unmarked is then logical zero.Or it is contrary.
Preferably, at ad-hoc location, distinguishing logical zero and logic 1 with the size of magnetic marker, e.g., being sized larger than decision threshold is then logic 1, is then logical zero less than decision threshold.Or it is contrary.
Preferably, at ad-hoc location, the magnetic characteristic of magnetic marker is more higher than the original value of drill rod materials is then logic 1, and on the low side is then logical zero.Or it is contrary.
Preferably, at ad-hoc location, when the magnetic characteristic of all magnetic marker is all more higher or all on the low side than the original value of drill rod materials, deviation value is then logic 1 higher than decision threshold, is then logical zero lower than decision threshold.Or it is contrary.
Preferably, the spacing between two magnetic marker is then logic 1 more than decision threshold, is then logical zero less than decision threshold.Or it is contrary.
Preferably, it is possible to use start mark determines the original position of coding." ad-hoc location " mentioned above can with start mark for reference standard.
Preferably, the number of bits of encoded radio part determines the numerical range that coding can represent.One 16 binary coded value can represent 65536 different numerical value.
Preferably, it is possible to use the one or more combination of said method, the magnetic marker of multi-system is formed.Such as, the spacing between two magnetic marker has 100mm and 200mm, and width can be 30mm, 50mm, 70mm, then each magnetic marker can be one of following six kinds:
| Width 30 | Width 50 | Width 70 |
| Spacing 100 | |||:::::::// | |||||:::::// | |||||||:::// |
| Spacing 200 | |||:::::::::::::::::// | |||||:::::::::::::::// | |||||||:::::::::::::// |
The width of each symbology 10mm in table.Vertical line " | " represents this position and have passed through magnetic-field heat treatment, and ": " represents that this position is without magnetic-field heat treatment, oblique stroke " // " it is the part of next labelling.The magnetic marker being 6 systems represented by upper table.One encoded radio being made up of 7 groups of such magnetic marker can represent 279936 different numerical value, i.e. 7 power of 6.
If using multi-system to represent, it is possible to using without magnetic marker (magnetic characteristic is without exception) as logical zero, higher as logic 1 using magnetic characteristic, on the low side as logic 2 using magnetic characteristic, here it is the coded system of a kind of system.Can also be without exception as logical zero using magnetic characteristic, using higher 0.5-1.5 the unit of magnetic characteristic as logic 1, higher 1.5-2.5 unit is as logic 2, more than higher 2.5 units as logic 3, here it is a kind of quaternary coded system.
Fig. 3 illustrates a kind of embodiment of the magnetic marker of arrangement on the circumference of tool joint, and black part is divided into position and the width indication of different magnetic marker.
Drilling rod coding circumferentially arranges on the end face of certain drill pipe box, adopts the quaternary, in the such as figure of the symbol definition representated by magnetic marker shown in right side.
Each symbol occupies the segment angle of 36 degree, including the fixed interval of 12 degree of segment angles.Using a segment angle for the magnetic marker of 60 degree as start mark.Encoded radio is 8 symbols.No parity check and error correction.This drilling rod coded format can represent at most 65536 different values, i.e. 8 power of 4.Encoded radio in the present embodiment is the quaternary 13021032, i.e. decimal scale 29262.
Preferably, the degree of fatigue of described calculating drilling rod meets algorithm:
niFor the cycle-index under i-stage stress level, NiFor the fatigue life under i-stage stress level, its accumulation results can reflect the every current fatigue damage situation of drilling rod.
Preferably, being implanted with drill pipe reason software in calculation element, it is by being associated drilling rod coding with other parameter of drillng operation, it is possible to following the tracks of the service condition of drilling rod, obtaining the every drilling rod use time at different conditions, thus calculating the degree of injury of drilling rod.These parameters include but not limited to: drilling rod position in drill string, go into the well the time, well depth, the pressure of the drill, moment of torsion, characteristics of mud etc., to set up the electronic record of described drilling rod, it is simple to drilling rod is managed.
As specific embodiment, in drilling operation course, the drilling rod first entered down, owing to being that the underground work time is long in the bottom of whole drill string, can accelerate the damage of drilling rod.On the other hand, along with the increase of well depth, drill string total length increases accordingly, and the pulling force that the drilling rod on drill string top bears increases (in straight well, pulling force=suspending weight-the pressure of the drill) therewith, and this part drilling rod also can occur fatigue quickly.
Preferably, drilling rod management software is by following the trail of the order of going into the well of every drilling rod, namely it is appreciated that the every drilling rod working time under different depth and bears pulling force size, in conjunction with various parameters such as moment of torsion, pump pressure, vibration, characteristics of mud, estimating the degree of injury of drilling rod.Every drilling rod situation in each drillng operation is carried out accumulation respectively collect, it is possible to estimate total degree of injury of every drilling rod.
Preferably, degree of injury is for degree of fatigue, and citing calculates the impact on degree of fatigue of pulling force that drilling rod bears.Assuming in certain drillng operation, drilling rod A is a drilling rod in the middle part of drill string, and drilling rod B is a drilling rod on drill string top.The suspending weight that A bears is 50 tons, and the suspending weight that B bears is 80 tons, creep into employ time around 10 tons, 20 tons with 30 tons of the pressure of the drill three kinds different, the stress level suffered by A and B is expressed as:
The stress of σ 1=50 × suffered when making a trip for K1A
The stress of σ 2=80 × suffered when making a trip for K1B
The stress that σ 3=(50-10) × K2A is suffered when creeping into 10 tons of the pressure of the drill
The stress that σ 4=(80-10) × K2B is suffered when creeping into 10 tons of the pressure of the drill
The stress that σ 5=(50-20) × K3A is suffered when creeping into 20 tons of the pressure of the drill
The stress that σ 6=(80-20) × K3B is suffered when creeping into 20 tons of the pressure of the drill
The stress that σ 7=(50-30) × K4A is suffered when creeping into 30 tons of the pressure of the drill
The stress that σ 8=(80-30) × K4B is suffered when creeping into 30 tons of the pressure of the drill
Wherein K1, K2, K3, K4 are constant, it is possible to obtained by experiment or simulation calculation.
Assume again that A in down-hole with time that 10 tons of the pressure of the drill creep into for 30 hours, with time that 20 tons of the pressure of the drill creep into for 25 hours, with time that 30 tons of the pressure of the drill creep into for 15 hours, the trip time is 5 hours；B is in down-hole with time that 10 tons of the pressure of the drill creep into for 15 hours, and with time that 20 tons of the pressure of the drill creep into for 10 hours, with time that 30 tons of the pressure of the drill creep into for 5 hours, the trip time is 3 hours；Then the data of two drilling rods can be done following accumulation by drilling rod management software accordingly respectively:
The present embodiment can use with other drilling rod coded method simultaneously.Such as, magnetic coding is positioned at drilling rod rod body timesharing, can increase by place's auxiliaring coding in tool joint place, this coding can adopt bar code or electronic chip form, encoded radio can be identical with the coding of shaft, when drilling rod is at ground release, when reading the magnetic coding inconvenience of shaft, it is possible to read encoded radio from tool joint.
Preferably, the present embodiment is equally applicable to petroleum oil, sleeve pipe and other downhole tool.
Embodiment 2
The measurement system for oil drill rocker degree of injury of the present embodiment includes: marking device 100, for the specific portion of drilling rod is carried out magnetic-field heat treatment；Reading device 200, for detecting the magnetic characteristic change of described specific portion；Calculation element 300, for when the exceptional value of magnetic characteristic being detected, the magnetic marker of drilling rod then detected, position by described magnetic marker, width and/or magnetic anomaly amplitude information obtain drilling rod coding, are associated with the running parameter of drillng operation by described drilling rod coding, to follow the tracks of the service condition of drilling rod, and/or set up the electronic record of described drilling rod, so that it is determined that the degree of injury of described drilling rod.
Preferably, described magnetic characteristic includes the squareness ratio of hysteresis curve.
As specific embodiment, described magnetic-field heat treatment includes the squareness ratio improving hysteresis curve, or makes pcrmeability keep invariable within the scope of certain magnetic field.
Preferably, adopting longitudinal heat treatment, the flow direction that namely during heat treatment, magnetic direction is actually used with drilling rod is identical.
Preferably, adopting transverse magnetic field heat treatment, the flow direction that namely during heat treatment, magnetic direction is actually used with drilling rod is perpendicular.
Described marking device includes: temperature conditioning unit 101 and Energizing unit 102, wherein, temperature conditioning unit 101, for described specific portion is heated, using as magnetic marker region, and when being applied magnetic field by described Energizing unit, described magnetic marker region is incubated, then, carry out controlled cooling；Energizing unit 102, for applying the magnetic field of specific direction on described magnetic marker region, when described magnetic marker region is positioned on the shaft of drilling rod, described specific direction is the magnetic field consistent with the axial direction of drilling rod；When described magnetic marker region is positioned on the joint of drilling rod, described specific direction is the radial direction along joint.
Preferably, described specific portion is heated, can reach or close to the Curie point of material, using as magnetic marker region.
As specific embodiment, magnetic marker region is heated to 600～700 DEG C slightly below Curie point, after applying longitudinal magnetic field, temperature retention time is 60～90min, controlled cooling respectively with 300 DEG C/time, 280 DEG C/time, 260 DEG C/time be cooled to 300 DEG C, be naturally cooling to less than 200 DEG C recession except magnetic field, hysteresis curve figure steepening stands, and loop line area is substantially reduced.
Preferably, temperature conditioning unit 101 can include fired heater and attemperator, it would however also be possible to employ alternating current impression heater, or heater strip.
Preferably, Energizing unit 102 can adopt permanent magnet, and described Energizing unit 102 can also adopt logical galvanic coil.Energizing unit 102 applies the direction in magnetic field can axial consistent with drilling rod, it is also possible to applies the magnetic field in other direction.
Preferably, described reading device may be mounted at well head appropriate location and carries out on-line checking, it would however also be possible to employ portable forms, with hand-held, the drilling rod dismantling ground is detected.
Preferably, described reading device includes: coil, and described coil encircling drilling rod is arranged, or is arranged at the side of drilling rod.
Preferably, described reading device also includes Hall element.
Preferably, described reading device also includes photoelectric encoder, for measuring at the axial width of magnetic marker axially aligned with drilling rod and axial location.
Preferably, described reading device is additionally included in the sensor array circumferentially arranged in tool joint, for measuring width and/or the magnetic anomaly amplitude of the magnetic marker circumferentially arranged on shaft or tool joint.
Preferably, described calculation element includes microprocessor, and it is attached by wired or wireless mode and described reading device, as specific embodiment, it is possible to for industrial computer or DSP.
Preferably, calculation element, equipped with code identification software, carries out communication by computer interface and reading device, it is possible to read the detected value of reaction drilling rod pcrmeability in real time.When exceptional value being detected, it is believed that magnetic marker detected, the information such as the position of multiple magnetic marker, width and/or magnetic anomaly amplitude can be encoded.
Preferably, the count value of the coded pulse count value sum counter that reading device is collected is sent to calculation element by communication interface.Calculation element be computed with scale after be translated into data value, so that it may judge the duty that drilling rod is presently in.
As specific embodiment, described calculation element also includes display, and it connects described microprocessor, so that the change of the magnetic characteristic of the specific portion of drilling rod to be displayed.
As it is shown in figure 5, the present embodiment also provides for a kind of measuring method for oil drill rocker degree of injury, including: S100, the specific portion of drilling rod is carried out magnetic-field heat treatment；S200, detects the magnetic characteristic change of described specific portion；S300, when the exceptional value of magnetic characteristic being detected, the magnetic marker of drilling rod then detected, position by described magnetic marker, width and/or magnetic anomaly amplitude information obtain drilling rod coding, are associated with the running parameter of drillng operation by described drilling rod coding, to follow the tracks of the service condition of drilling rod, and/or set up the electronic record of described drilling rod, so that it is determined that the degree of injury of described drilling rod.
Preferably, the described specific portion to drilling rod carries out the step of magnetic-field heat treatment and includes: described specific portion is heated so that it is reach the Curie point of drill rod materials, using as magnetic marker region；Applying the magnetic field of specific direction on described magnetic marker region, when described magnetic marker region is positioned on the shaft of drilling rod, described specific direction is the magnetic field consistent with the axial direction of drilling rod；When described magnetic marker region is positioned on the joint of drilling rod, described specific direction is the radial direction along joint；Under the action of a magnetic field, described magnetic marker region is incubated, then, carries out controlled cooling, to form magnetic marker.
Preferably, described drilling rod coding includes: encoded radio part, start mark part, error correction or check part, wherein, described encoded radio part adopts binary representation with described error correction or check part, or multi-system represents, described start mark part by with described encoded radio part, and/or error correction or the identical hex notation composition of check part, or be set to the special marking different from described hex notation.
The change direction that magnetic characteristic is abnormal is relevant with the excitation direction adopted in magnetic-field heat treatment, also relevant with the sensor design of reading device.Labelling can be made to present magnetic characteristic accordingly higher or on the low side.
Preferably, the encoded radio part that described drilling rod coding includes adopts binary representation with described error correction or check part, or multi-system represents, described start mark part is made up of logical zero and logic 1, or is the special marking all different from logical zero and logic 1.
Preferably, if using binary representation, it is possible to, but it is not limited to represent with the following methods logical zero and logic 1:
Preferably, at ad-hoc location, having magnetic marker is then logic 1, and unmarked is then logical zero.Or it is contrary.
Preferably, at ad-hoc location, distinguishing logical zero and logic 1 with the size of magnetic marker, e.g., being sized larger than decision threshold is then logic 1, is then logical zero less than decision threshold.Or it is contrary.
Preferably, at ad-hoc location, the magnetic characteristic of magnetic marker is more higher than the original value of drill rod materials is then logic 1, and on the low side is then logical zero.Or it is contrary.
Preferably, at ad-hoc location, when the magnetic characteristic of all magnetic marker is all more higher or all on the low side than the original value of drill rod materials, deviation value is then logic 1 higher than decision threshold, is then logical zero lower than decision threshold.Or it is contrary.
Preferably, the spacing between two magnetic marker is then logic 1 more than decision threshold, is then logical zero less than decision threshold.Or it is contrary.
Preferably, it is possible to use start mark determines the original position of coding." ad-hoc location " mentioned above can with start mark for reference standard.
Preferably, the number of bits of encoded radio part determines the numerical range that coding can represent.One 16 binary coded value can represent 65536 different numerical value.
Preferably, it is possible to use the one or more combination of said method, the magnetic marker of multi-system is formed.Such as, the spacing between two magnetic marker has 100mm and 200mm, and width can be 30mm, 50mm, 70mm, then each magnetic marker can be one of following six kinds:
| Width 30 | Width 50 | Width 70 | |
| Spacing 100 | |||:::::::// | |||||:::::// | |||||||:::// |
| Spacing 200 | |||:::::::::::::::::// | |||||:::::::::::::::// | |||||||:::::::::::::// |
The width of each symbology 10mm in table.Vertical line " | " represents this position and have passed through magnetic-field heat treatment, and ": " represents that this position is without magnetic-field heat treatment, oblique stroke " // " it is the part of next labelling.The magnetic marker being 6 systems represented by upper table.One encoded radio being made up of 7 groups of such magnetic marker can represent 279936 different numerical value, i.e. 7 power of 6.
If using multi-system to represent, it is possible to using without magnetic marker (magnetic characteristic is without exception) as logical zero, higher as logic 1 using magnetic characteristic, on the low side as logic 2 using magnetic characteristic, here it is the coded system of a kind of system.Can also be without exception as logical zero using magnetic characteristic, using higher 0.5-1.5 the unit of magnetic characteristic as logic 1, higher 1.5-2.5 unit is as logic 2, more than higher 2.5 units as logic 3, here it is a kind of quaternary coded system.
Preferably, magnetic marker, along drilling rod shaft axially-aligned, adopts the quaternary, and the symbol definition representated by magnetic marker is as follows:
| Magnetic marker width (mm) | 0 (without magnetic marker) | 50 | 100 | 150 |
| Represent symbol | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Each symbol be spaced apart 200mm.Using the particular combination 31 of quaternary symbol as start mark.Encoded radio is 8 symbols.Adopt a symbol and verification, the computational methods of check value are 8 symbol step-by-step XORs of encoded radio.This drilling rod coded format can represent at most 65536 different values, i.e. 8 power of 4.Below for efficient coding value example:
| Drilling rod encodes | Start mark | Encoded radio | Check value | Encoded radio decimal scale |
| 31010311233 | 31 | 01031123 | 3 | 4955 |
| 31131023002 | 31 | 13102300 | 2 | 29872 |
| 31200112321 | 31 | 20011232 | 1 | 33134 |
| 31102231210 | 31 | 10223121 | 0 | 19161 |
It is encoded to example with first drilling rod, on drilling rod, marking situation from top to bottom is as follows (changes into from left to right for convenience, " | " represents that there is magnetic marker this position, and ": " represents that this position is without magnetic marker, and the width of each symbology is 50mm.)
|||:|:::::::|:::::::|||:|:::|:::||::|||:|||:
31010311233
Preferably, the degree of fatigue of described calculating drilling rod meets algorithm:
niFor the cycle-index under i-stage stress level, NiFor the fatigue life under i-stage stress level, its accumulation results can reflect the every current fatigue damage situation of drilling rod.
Preferably, being implanted with drill pipe reason software in calculation element, it is by being associated drilling rod coding with other parameter of drillng operation, it is possible to following the tracks of the service condition of drilling rod, obtaining the every drilling rod use time at different conditions, thus calculating the degree of injury of drilling rod.These parameters include but not limited to: drilling rod position in drill string, go into the well the time, well depth, the pressure of the drill, moment of torsion, characteristics of mud etc..
As specific embodiment, in drilling operation course, the drilling rod first entered down, owing to being that the underground work time is long in the bottom of whole drill string, can accelerate the damage of drilling rod.On the other hand, along with the increase of well depth, drill string total length increases accordingly, and the pulling force that the drilling rod on drill string top bears increases (in straight well, pulling force=suspending weight-the pressure of the drill) therewith, and this part drilling rod also can occur fatigue quickly.
Preferably, drilling rod management software is by following the trail of the order of going into the well of every drilling rod, namely it is appreciated that the every drilling rod working time under different depth and bears pulling force size, in conjunction with various parameters such as moment of torsion, pump pressure, vibration, characteristics of mud, estimating the degree of injury of drilling rod.Every drilling rod situation in each drillng operation is carried out accumulation respectively collect, it is possible to estimate total degree of injury of every drilling rod.
Preferably, degree of injury is for degree of fatigue, and citing calculates the impact on degree of fatigue of pulling force that drilling rod bears.Assuming in certain drillng operation, drilling rod C is a drilling rod in the middle part of drill string, and drilling rod D is a drilling rod on drill string top.The suspending weight that C bears is 70 tons, and the suspending weight that D bears is 90 tons, creep into employ time around 10 tons, 20 tons with 30 tons of the pressure of the drill three kinds different, the stress level suffered by C and D is expressed as:
The stress of σ 1=70 × suffered when making a trip for K1C
The stress of σ 2=90 × suffered when making a trip for K1D
The stress that σ 3=(70-10) × K2C is suffered when creeping into 10 tons of the pressure of the drill
The stress that σ 4=(90-10) × K2D is suffered when creeping into 10 tons of the pressure of the drill
The stress that σ 5=(70-20) × K3C is suffered when creeping into 20 tons of the pressure of the drill
The stress that σ 6=(90-20) × K3D is suffered when creeping into 20 tons of the pressure of the drill
The stress that σ 7=(70-30) × K4C is suffered when creeping into 30 tons of the pressure of the drill
The stress that σ 8=(90-30) × K4D is suffered when creeping into 30 tons of the pressure of the drill
Wherein K1, K2, K3, K4 are constant, it is possible to obtained by experiment or simulation calculation.
Assume again that C in down-hole with time that 10 tons of the pressure of the drill creep into for 40 hours, with time that 20 tons of the pressure of the drill creep into for 35 hours, with time that 30 tons of the pressure of the drill creep into for 25 hours, the trip time is 7 hours；D is in down-hole with time that 10 tons of the pressure of the drill creep into for 19 hours, and with time that 20 tons of the pressure of the drill creep into for 20 hours, with time that 30 tons of the pressure of the drill creep into for 15 hours, the trip time is 5 hours；Then the data of two drilling rods can be done following accumulation by drilling rod management software accordingly respectively:
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is a kind of method that magnetic anomaly amplitude information utilizing magnetic marker realizes drilling rod coding.As shown in Figure 4, drilling rod encodes along drilling rod shaft axially-aligned.Adopt ternary.Magnetic marker is by the different pcrmeability abnormal amplitudes of different excitation strength derived value, and its representative symbol definition is as follows:
| Pcrmeability abnormal amplitudes | 0 (without magnetic marker) | + 5% | + 10% |
| Represent symbol | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Interval between width and the symbol of each symbol is 50mm.Using the particular combination 201 of ternary symbol as start mark.Encoded radio is 13 symbols.Adopting the verification of a symbol, check value respectively meets the lowest order of sum equal to encoded radio.This drilling rod coded format can represent at most 1594323 different values, i.e. 13 power of 3.Encoded radio in the present embodiment is Binary Zero 210022021102, i.e. decimal scale 419375.
Embodiment 4
Magnetic-field heat treatment is adopted a collection of drilling rod to be carried out before mass magnetic marker process, it is possible to first pass through test method and determine rational magnetic-field heat treatment technological parameter, including heating, insulation and cooling method, excitation mode, applied mechanical tension type etc..According to test data, it is contemplated that magnetic marker treatment effect, on the impact of drilling rod performance, heat treatment energy consumption, heat treatment time, the difficulty of excitation mode, applied mechanical stress the compromise of the many factors such as difficulty, it is determined that the technological parameter of magnetic-field heat treatment.
Such as, during using pcrmeability as magnetic characteristic, from 350 DEG C of beginnings, to 800 DEG C, select a temperature spot as heat treated heating-up temperature every 50 DEG C, temperature retention time is respectively adopted 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, cooling rate is respectively adopted 120 DEG C/h, 300 DEG C/h, 600 DEG C/h, excitation mode is respectively adopted longitudinal magnetic field and transverse magnetic field, drilling rod is applied respectively the axial tension of 10 tons and does not apply axial force, result by above-mentioned parameter composite test, pcrmeability in magnetic marker increases by more than 5%, in heat treatment time parameter combination within 3 hours, select energy consumption less one group as final magnetic-field heat treatment technological parameter.
The invention have the benefit that
First, it is achieved simple, the specific portion of drilling rod is processed, the magnetic property making this local changes, and forms several magnetic marker, when the exceptional value of magnetic characteristic being detected, the magnetic marker of drilling rod then detected, obtained drilling rod coding by the position of magnetic marker, width and/or magnetic anomaly amplitude information, drilling rod coding is associated with the running parameter of drillng operation, to follow the tracks of the service condition of drilling rod, and/or set up the electronic record of described drilling rod, thus measuring the degree of injury of drilling rod, less costly.
Second, autgmentability is strong, and, can avoid the physical size of drilling rod is modified, drilling rod intensity will not be weakened, can combine with other measuring method, the problem being absent from mutual exclusion, such as magnetic coding is positioned at drilling rod rod body timesharing, it is possible to increasing by place's auxiliaring coding in tool joint place, this coding can adopt bar code or electronic chip form, encoded radio can be identical with the coding of shaft, when drilling rod is at ground release, when reading the magnetic coding inconvenience of shaft, it is possible to read encoded radio from tool joint.
3rd, it is easy to realize the on-line checking to coding at drilling platforms.
4th, it is possible to avoiding the physical size of drilling rod is modified, will not weaken drilling rod intensity, magnetic-field heat treatment can also improve the strength of materials.
5th, magnetic coding can use the method for magnetic-field heat treatment to carry out wiping and revising equally.
Described above illustrate and describes some preferred embodiments of the application, but as previously mentioned, it is to be understood that the application is not limited to form disclosed herein, it is not to be taken as the eliminating to other embodiments, and can be used for other combinations various, amendment and environment, and in application contemplated scope described herein, can be modified by the technology of above-mentioned instruction or association area or knowledge.And the change that those skilled in the art carry out and change are without departing from spirit and scope, then all should in the protection domain of the application claims.
Claims (10)
1. the measurement system for oil drill rocker degree of injury, it is characterised in that including:
Marking device, for carrying out magnetic-field heat treatment to the specific portion of drilling rod；
Reading device, for detecting the magnetic characteristic change of described specific portion；
Calculation element, for when the exceptional value of magnetic characteristic being detected, the magnetic marker of drilling rod then detected, drilling rod coding is obtained by the position of described magnetic marker, width and/or magnetic anomaly amplitude information, described drilling rod coding is associated with the engineering parameter of drillng operation, to follow the tracks of the service condition of drilling rod, and/or set up the electronic record of described drilling rod, so that it is determined that the degree of injury of described drilling rod.
2. the measurement system for oil drill rocker degree of injury according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described marking device includes: temperature conditioning unit and Energizing unit, wherein,
Temperature conditioning unit, for described specific portion is heated, using as magnetic marker region, and is incubated described magnetic marker region when being applied magnetic field by described Energizing unit, then, carries out controlled cooling, to form magnetic marker；
Energizing unit, for applying the magnetic field of specific direction on described magnetic marker region, when described magnetic marker region is positioned on the shaft of drilling rod, described specific direction is the magnetic field consistent with the axial direction of drilling rod；When described magnetic marker region is positioned on the joint of drilling rod, described specific direction is the radial direction along joint.
3. the measurement system for oil drill rocker degree of injury according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described reading device includes: coil and/or Hall element.
4. the measurement system for oil drill rocker degree of injury according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described reading device includes sensor or sensor array, and described sensor ring is arranged around drilling rod, or is arranged at medial surface or the lateral surface of drilling rod.
5. the measurement system for oil drill rocker degree of injury according to claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that: described reading device also includes photoelectric encoder, for measuring axial width and the axial location of magnetic marker axially aligned on drilling rod shaft.
6. the measurement system for oil drill rocker degree of injury according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also including the working condition measuring device being connected with described calculation element, described working condition measuring device includes for measuring pulling force, pressure, moment of torsion, vibration, mud pressure, the engineering parameter sensor of drilling fluid corrosiveness or sensor combinations.
7. the measuring method for oil drill rocker degree of injury, it is characterised in that including:
The specific portion of drilling rod is carried out magnetic-field heat treatment；
Detect the magnetic characteristic change of described specific portion；
When the exceptional value of magnetic characteristic being detected, the magnetic marker of drilling rod then detected, drilling rod coding is obtained by the position of described magnetic marker, width and/or magnetic anomaly amplitude information, described drilling rod coding is associated with the engineering parameter of drillng operation, to follow the tracks of the service condition of drilling rod, and/or set up the electronic record of described drilling rod, so that it is determined that the degree of injury of described drilling rod.
8. the measuring method for oil drill rocker degree of injury according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the described specific portion to drilling rod carries out the step of magnetic-field heat treatment and includes:
Described specific portion is heated, using as magnetic marker region；
Apply the magnetic field of specific direction in described magnetic marker region, when described magnetic marker region is positioned on the shaft of drilling rod, described specific direction is the magnetic field consistent with the axial direction of drilling rod；When described magnetic marker region is positioned on the joint of drilling rod, described specific direction is the radial direction along joint；
Under the action of a magnetic field, described magnetic marker region is incubated, then, carries out controlled cooling, to form magnetic marker.
9. the measuring method for oil drill rocker degree of injury according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, described drilling rod coding includes: encoded radio part and start mark part, wherein, described encoded radio part adopts binary system or multi-system to represent, or adopting Morse code coded system to represent, described start mark part is made up of the hex notation identical with described encoded radio part, or is set to the special marking different from described hex notation；
Or, described drilling rod coding includes: encoded radio part, start mark part and error correction or check part, wherein, described encoded radio part adopts binary system or multi-system to represent, or adopts Morse code coded system to represent, described start mark part is made up of the hex notation identical with described encoded radio part, or it being set to the special marking different from described hex notation, described error correction or check part adopt binary system or multi-system to represent, or adopt Morse code coded system to represent.
10. the measuring method for oil drill rocker degree of injury according to claim 9, it is characterised in that described calculating drilling rod degree of injury includes adopting following algorithm:
niFor the cycle-index under i-stage stress level, NiFor the fatigue life under i-stage stress level.
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Application publication date: 20160720 |