CN105783782B - Surface curvature is mutated optical profilometry methodology - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000847 optical profilometry Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of surface curvatures to be mutated optical profilometry methodology, light belt image is obtained first, mean filter and binary conversion treatment are carried out to light belt image again, then average gray calculating is carried out to the light belt image after binary conversion treatment, the specific position of step curvature mutation is judged using average gray algorithm, during three-D profile is rebuild, corresponding identifying processing can be made to curvature mutation position, the curvature mutation position contour line is filtered out, accurately restores the profile of surface curvature mutation object.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of image processing, and in particular to a kind of surface curvature is mutated optical profilometry methodology.
Background technology
With the development of the civilian industries such as the manufacturing industry such as machinery, automobile, space flight and service, shoemaking, toy, in mold manufacturing
The needs measured in industry to complex surface are more and more.So far, optical three-dimensional contour measuring technique has had very
Prolonged development, there are many ripe measuring methods.But the measurement accuracy of existing three-D profile system, automation, from
Adaptedness is generally relatively low, especially the measurement to labyrinth profile, now still has many problems without solving.
Three-dimensional measurement is each application field, such as manufacturing industry, inspection, document analysis, engineering design, criminal investigation scene trace
In the fields such as mark analysis, automatic on-line detection, quality control, robot, medical diagnosis and military affairs in various intelligent independent systems
Inalienable part.With the progress of modern detecting, three-dimensional measurement technology gradually becomes the research emphasis of people, special
It is not with the development of the new and high technologies such as laser technology, computer technology and image processing techniques so that optical profile type three-dimensional is surveyed
Amount technology is widely used.
And with the development of computer technology and photoelectric technology, it is main based on optical principle, using Computer Image Processing
The contactless fast measurement technique of 3 D complex curved surface of means is also come into being.Reverse-engineering refers to acquire from material object big
The three-dimensional coordinate point of amount, and the geometrical model of the object is thus established, and then develop the advanced technology of similar product, it is complicated bent
The reverse-engineering in face is also one of difficult point of reverse-engineering, it is the measure planning according to curved surface, and curved surface is digitized and is swept
Retouch detection, then digital spot cloud be subjected to surface reconstruction generation CAD model, with the manufacturing industry such as machinery, automobile, space flight and service,
The development of the civilian industries such as shoemaking, toy, the needs measured in mold manufacturing industry to complex surface are more and more.
Optical three-dimensional contour is measured since its is untouchable, high-precision and high-resolution, CAD/CAE, reverse engineering,
Line is detected obtains increasingly extensive application with fields such as quality assurance, multimedia technology, medical diagnosis, machine vision, is recognized
It is most promising measuring three-dimensional profile method.
For the geometric object of curvature mutation, general method for three-dimensional measurement can all fail.Such as linear structural laser method, when
It when linear laser device finishing tool is irradiated in the surface of curvature mutation, is influenced by surface discontinuity, it is random that laser band can become no large area
Then shape, so as to which profile measurement be made to fail.
Invention content
Present invention aim to address the above problems, provide a kind of surface curvature mutation optical profilometry methodology, can be accurate
Simultaneously make corresponding processing in the position for judging geometric object curvature mutation really so that profile measurement is unaffected.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme is that：A kind of surface curvature is mutated optical profilometry side
Method includes the following steps：
S1：When determinand is in position j, sends out pulse-modulated signal using computer software and laser be modulated,
Laser output line style light beam illuminates determinand；Trigger signal is sent out using computer software simultaneously, triggers ccd image
The light belt image on sensor synchronous acquisition determinand surface, and the image of acquisition is denoted as A1, laser is then shut off, CCD takes the photograph
Camera acquires the image of same position again, is denoted as A11；
S2：To as the image A obtained by lock imaging1、A11It is handled, the light of width removal bias light is obtained in this position
Band image Ij；
S3：To the light belt image I obtained in above-mentioned S2jCarry out binary conversion treatment；
S4：To the light belt image I after binary conversion treatmentjAverage gray calculating is carried out, if there is N number of pixel in the image,
The gray value of ith pixel point is Ni, then light belt image IjAverage gray be：
S5：By determinand from position j along guide rail translation distance L in-position j+1 at, repeat step S1 to S4, obtain with
The continuous light belt image I in light belt image I positionsj+1, and calculate light belt image Ij+1Average gray
S6：By light belt image Ij+1Average gray divided by light belt image IjAverage gray, obtain ratioInto
Row judges, if ratioThen light belt image Ij+1For curvature mutation image, which is curvature mutation position, is being treated
Survey each position of object, the contour reconstruction that computer software is synchronized using three-dimensional surface profile reconstruction technique, if the position
Curvature mutation position is set to, then returns to S5 after filtering out the position contour line；If ratioThen the position does not have curvature
Mutation returns to S5；Contour reconstruction until completing determinand entirety.
Preferably, light belt image carries out mean filter in binary conversion treatment before processing in step S3.
Preferably, the size of k is related to the surface curvature of determinand in step S6.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Surface curvature provided by the present invention is mutated optical profilometry methodology, using flat
Equal gray scale algorithm judges the specific position of step curvature mutation, can be to curvature mutation position during three-D profile is rebuild
Corresponding identifying processing is made, accurately restores the profile of surface curvature mutation object.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is surface curvature mutation optical profilometry methodology flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of surface curvature mutation optical profilometry device of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of measured object step of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the gray level image of first step position of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the gray level image of step critical localisation of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the gray level image of second step position of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is measured object step average intensity change figure of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the contour reconstruction design sketch of measured object step of the present invention；
Reference sign：1st, fixed frame；2nd, CCD camera；3rd, linear structural laser device；4th, displacement platform；5th, determinand.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments：
As shown in Fig. 2, the surface curvature mutation optical profilometry device of the present invention, including 1, two axial symmetry of fixed frame
2, three coplanar linear structural laser devices 3 of CCD camera, displacement platform 4 and a computer.Two CCD cameras 2 pass through
Three-dimensional regulation platform is fixed on two adjacent pillars of fixed frame 1, and is passed through and adjusted two CCD of three-dimensional regulation platform guarantee
The intersection point of the optical axis of video camera is at the center of measured zone.Three linear structural laser devices 3 are fixed on by two-dimensional adjustment platform
Determine other two pillar and lower position of frame 1, make the angle of three linear structural laser devices 3 into 120 °, to ensure that each is swashed
Light device is equidistant to measured object central shaft, ensures that the laser intensity for being irradiated to body surface is identical in this way.
Since CCD camera and linear structural laser device are each attached on fixed frame, longitudinal direction of the laser to measured object is realized
The contour line to obtain series is scanned, if moving CCD camera and linear structural laser device to scan, then the stability of system
It will decline with operability, and be difficult control sweep speed.To solve the above-mentioned problems, this measuring system is using fixation
The position of CCD camera and linear structural laser device, mobile determinand scans object relative to the position of laser, for convenience of tested
Displacement platform 4 is positioned on the guide rail of 1 middle part lower section of fixed frame and ensures to be fixed on by the control of the movement speed and distance of object
For determinand 5 on displacement platform 4 on the central point of measured zone, displacement platform 4 is driven by stepper motor can edge
Guide rail moves.
Computer connection CCD camera carrys out capture images, and connection stepper motor comes the movement of drive control displacement platform, connection
Linear structural laser device is with the bright of control line structure laser or goes out.
The present invention also provides a kind of surface curvatures based on above device to be mutated optical profilometry methodology, and flow chart is such as
Shown in Fig. 1, adjusting two-dimension adjustment platform makes the lasing area of linear structural laser device coplanar, the laser of three linear structural laser device transmittings
The laser light belt of a determinand cross-sectional profiles is formed on determinand surface, CCD camera is reused and obtains light belt image, it will
The image of acquisition is transmitted to the profile information that measured object is calculated in computer, specifically includes following steps：
S1：When determinand is in position j, sends out pulse-modulated signal using computer software and laser be modulated,
Laser output line style light beam illuminates determinand；Trigger signal is sent out using computer software simultaneously, triggers ccd image
The light belt image on sensor synchronous acquisition determinand surface, and the image of acquisition is denoted as A1, laser is then shut off, CCD takes the photograph
Camera acquires the image of same position again, is denoted as A11；
S2：To as the image A obtained by lock imaging1、A11It is handled, the light of width removal bias light is obtained in this position
Band image Ij；
S3：To the light belt image I obtained in above-mentioned S2jCarry out mean filter and binary conversion treatment；
S4：To the light belt image I after binary conversion treatmentjAverage gray calculating is carried out, if there is N number of pixel in the image,
The gray value of ith pixel point is Ni, then light belt image IjAverage gray be：
S5：By determinand from position j along guide rail translation distance L in-position j+1 at, repeat step S1 to S4, obtain with
The continuous light belt image I in light belt image I positionsj+1, and calculate light belt image Ij+1Average gray
S6：By light belt image Ij+1Average gray divided by light belt image IjAverage gray, obtain ratioInto
Row judges, if ratioThen light belt image Ij+1For curvature mutation image, which is curvature mutation position, is being treated
Survey each position of object, the contour reconstruction that computer software is synchronized using three-dimensional surface profile reconstruction technique, if the position
Curvature mutation position is set to, then returns to S5 after filtering out the position contour line；If ratioThen the position does not have curvature
Mutation returns to S5；Contour reconstruction until completing determinand entirety.
The surface curvature mutation optical profilometry device of the present invention achieves complex shape by laser lock imaging technology
The light belt image of facial contour eliminates influence of the ambient light to light belt image, however, since the profile of testee in itself is irregular
Acutely reasons, the light belt image of acquisition such as uneven can generate defect or light belt burrs on edges etc. for title, surface reflectivity variation,
The quality of light belt image is seriously affected, so we carry out the rim(ming) light band of labyrinth in general image procossing
Some pretreatments, mainly there is Image Mean Filtering Algorithm and image binaryzation.
While binaryzation is carried out to light belt image, we, which synchronize, employs the algorithm of average gray and is differentiated from image
Go out the position of step curvature mutation.If there is N number of pixel in the secondary treated gray level image of the one of computer acquisition, i-th
The gray value of pixel is Ni, then the average gray of diagram picture be：When the position of computer acquisition reaches
During the position of object curvature mutation, it is apparent poor that average gray this data for showing will have in other not mutated positions
It is different, so as to easily judge these specific positions.
The determinand of the present embodiment is illustrated by taking step as an example, as shown in figure 3, step there are four determinand tools, from
Under two steps up be respectively first step and second step, a used vertical plane transition between them, the vertical plane
For step critical localisation.
Fig. 4 to fig. 6 show computer acquisition the is arrived and three width images by pre-processing, and is all gray level image at this time.
They are respectively that laser sweeps to image obtained by the first step position of measured object, and sweeping to step critical localisation, (this position is should
The position of object curvature mutation) obtained by image, sweep to the image obtained by second step.
By experiment test repeatedly, we obtain image averaging ash measured by first step position and second step position
Degree floats before 0.650~0.750, and for the step critical localisation of curvature mutation, the average gray of this position is 3.50
It floats between~3.90.It can be seen that the average gray of step critical localisation being averaged than first step position and second step position
Big more of gray scale, the former is five to six times of the latter, thus in the present embodiment determinand step k=5.
Because what measuring system was undergone is the process of continuous scanning, the image of computer acquisition is also to have certain rule,
The image of a part of first step position is first acquired, when first step is finished by laser scanning, then collects one or two step
The image of critical localisation comes the position of second step, has the image for collecting a large amount of second step, gray value is in this process
In variation as shown in fig. 7, when intuitively can find that determinand is located at position coordinates 6 very much, laser sweeps to curvature mutation just
Position.
The detailed process measured with above-mentioned surface curvature mutation optical profilometry methodology to the step is as follows：
Step is fixed on displacement platform at position 1, and pulse-modulated signal is sent out to laser using computer software
Device is modulated, and laser output line style light beam illuminates determinand；Trigger signal is sent out using computer software simultaneously,
The light belt image on ccd image sensor synchronous acquisition determinand surface is triggered, and the image of acquisition is denoted as A1, it is then shut off swashing
Light device, CCD camera acquire the image of same position, are denoted as A again11；To as the image A obtained by lock imaging1、A11Located
Reason obtains the light belt image I of width removal bias light in this position1；To light belt image I1Carry out mean filter and binary conversion treatment
After calculate light belt image I1Average gray
Stepper motor drive control displacement platform is along guide rail translation distance 40mm in-positions 2, and repeat the above steps acquisition
Light belt image I2, calculate light belt image I2Average grayThenLess than the k values of step
5, position 2 does not have curvature mutation.
Stepper motor drive control displacement platform is along guide rail translation distance 40mm in-positions 3, and repeat the above steps acquisition
Light belt image I3, calculate light belt image I3Average grayIt is 0.698；ThenLess than the k of step
Value 5, position 3 is also without curvature mutation.
Continue to repeat the above steps, measure successively
When step is moved to position 6, its light belt image I is measured6Average grayIt is 3.792, with light belt
Image I5Average grayRatioThen position 6 is curvature mutation position, synchronous contour reconstruction filter
Go out the position contour line.
It repeats the above steps, the contour reconstruction until completing determinand entirety.
As shown in figure 8, for contour reconstruction design sketch of the step from position 1 to position 11, wherein due to curvature mutation position 6
Contour line be filtered off, therefore gap can be left, but since the width in the gap is minimum, can be ignored.
The surface curvature mutation optical profilometry methodology of the present invention, obtains meeting testee target face graphic data, institute
It after the gray level image of the laser light belt needed, needs to handle image, the present invention disappears using micronization processes and with mean filter
Except noise, binary conversion treatment is carried out to image later, the present invention may determine that using average gray algorithm is unfavorable for profile weight
The position for the curvature mutation built.The present invention is dashed forward using the contour tiling of most short diagonal to reconstruct curvature after obtaining outline data
Become the three-dimensional surface profile of object, finally carry out display three-D profile by VTK (visualization toolkit).
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the embodiments described herein, which is to help reader, understands this hair
Bright principle, it should be understood that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such specific embodiments and embodiments.This field
Those of ordinary skill can make according to these technical inspirations disclosed by the invention various does not depart from the other each of essence of the invention
The specific deformation of kind and combination, these deform and combine still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of surface curvature is mutated optical profilometry methodology, which is characterized in that includes the following steps：
S1：When determinand is in position j, sends out pulse-modulated signal using computer software and laser is modulated, laser
Device output line style light beam illuminates determinand；Simultaneously trigger signal, triggering ccd image sensing are sent out using computer software
The light belt image on device synchronous acquisition determinand surface, and the image of acquisition is denoted as A1, it is then shut off laser, CCD camera
The image of same position is acquired again, is denoted as A11；
S2：To as the image A obtained by lock imaging1、A11It is handled, the light belt figure of width removal bias light is obtained in this position
As Ij；
S3：To the light belt image I obtained in above-mentioned S2jCarry out binary conversion treatment；
S4：To the light belt image I after binary conversion treatmentjCarry out average gray calculating, if there is N number of pixel in the image, i-th
The gray value of pixel is Ni, then light belt image IjAverage gray be：
S5：By determinand from position j along guide rail translation distance L in-position j+1 at, repeat step S1 to S4, obtain and light belt
The continuous light belt image I in image I positionsj+1, and calculate light belt image Ij+1Average gray
S6：By light belt image Ij+1Average gray divided by light belt image IjAverage gray, obtain ratioSentenced
It is disconnected, if ratioThen light belt image Ij+1For curvature mutation image, which is curvature mutation position, in determinand
Each position, the contour reconstruction that computer software is synchronized using three-dimensional surface profile reconstruction technique, if the position is
Curvature mutation position returns to S5 after then filtering out the position contour line；If ratioThen the position does not have curvature to dash forward
Become, return to S5；Contour reconstruction until completing determinand entirety.
2. surface curvature according to claim 1 is mutated optical profilometry methodology, it is characterised in that：In the step S3
Light belt image carries out mean filter in binary conversion treatment before processing.
3. surface curvature according to claim 1 is mutated optical profilometry methodology, it is characterised in that：In the step S6
The size of k is related to the surface curvature of determinand.
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| CN106645168B (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2019-05-03 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of detection method of crane boom cylinder concave-convex surface defect |
| CN113029014B (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2023-03-31 | 隆基绿能科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for detecting diameter of single crystal silicon rod |
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- 2016-05-12 CN CN201610311407.5A patent/CN105783782B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| US6246480B1 (en) * | 1999-09-01 | 2001-06-12 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Stepped etalon |
| CN103080940A (en) * | 2010-08-11 | 2013-05-01 | 金属板材技术解决方案股份有限公司 | Method for generating optimized, constant curvature 2D or 3D roller profile curves and corresponding device |
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